Comparing the Corvalis TTx, Corvalis TT (Columbia 400) and Cirrus SR22T G3
Cessna 400 Corvalis TT · Avionics Manual
Overview
This document provides a comparative analysis of the Cessna 400 Corvalis TT and its variant, the Corvalis TTx, alongside the Cirrus SR22T G3. It focuses on performance metrics, specifications, and operational characteristics relevant to pilots and aviation enthusiasts. The document highlights differences in engine performance, weight, fuel capacity, and flight handling qualities. It serves as a reference for understanding the capabilities and limitations of these aircraft models, particularly in terms of safety, efficiency, and pilot experience.
- Max cruise speed: 235 KTAS for Corvalis TT and TTx.
- Usable fuel capacity: 102 gallons for Corvalis models, 92 gallons for Cirrus.
- Takeoff distance over 50' obstacle: 1900 feet for Corvalis models, 1267 feet for Cirrus.
- Typical rate of climb: 1450 feet per minute for Corvalis models, 1300 feet for Cirrus.
- Glide ratio: 13:1 for Corvalis TT, 9.6:1 for Cirrus.
Document
Source
Originally published by aircraftking.com. Sprinkle hosts a reference copy with an added summary, specifications and searchable full text.
Document details
- Type
- Avionics Manual
- Pages
- 4
- File size
- 133 KB
- Publisher
- aircraftking.com
Most owners only have the POH. Here's the essential set for the Cessna 400 Corvalis TT.
- Pilot's Operating Handbook / AFM
- Checklist
- Maintenance Manual
- Parts Catalog (IPC)
- Systems & Wiring
- Service Bulletins
- Type Certificate (TCDS)
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In this document
Stats & Weights
The document outlines key specifications for the Corvalis TTx, Corvalis TT, and Cirrus SR22T G3. Both Corvalis models feature a TSIO-550-C engine with 310 horsepower, while the Cirrus has a TSIO-550-K engine with 315 horsepower. Usable fuel capacity is 102 gallons for the Corvalis models and 92 gallons for the Cirrus. Gross weight is 3600 lbs for both Corvalis models and 3400 lbs for the Cirrus, with useful loads of 1050 lbs for the Corvalis TT and 1000 lbs for the others.
Performance
Performance metrics are compared, showing that both Corvalis models have a max cruise speed of 235 KTAS and a typical cruise speed of 223 KTAS. The takeoff distance over a 50-foot obstacle is 1900 feet for both Corvalis models, while the Cirrus requires only 1267 feet. The typical rate of climb for the Corvalis models is 1450 feet per minute, compared to 1300 feet for the Cirrus. The glide ratio for the Corvalis TT is noted to be 13:1, which is superior to the Cirrus's 9.6:1.
Safety Features
The document emphasizes the safety features of the Corvalis TT, including a robust design with multiple redundant systems to prevent single points of failure. It mentions the aircraft's dual electrical busses and independent alternators, which provide a backup in case of failure. The Corvalis TT is designed with a built-in roll cage made of carbon fiber to enhance structural integrity during a crash.
Flight Handling Characteristics
The Corvalis TT is described as having excellent flying qualities, with a balance of performance and stability. It is noted for its ability to maintain high airspeeds in terminal environments, which is advantageous for ATC interactions. The document contrasts this with the Cirrus, which is described as having less favorable handling characteristics, particularly in terms of control feel and comfort during flight.
Safety notes
- The Corvalis TT is designed to eliminate single point of failure situations with redundant systems.
- The aircraft features a built-in roll cage made of carbon fiber for enhanced crash protection.
Full document text
1 | P a g e Comparing the Corvalis TTx, Corvalis TT (Columbia 400) and Cirrus SR22T G3 Stats & Weights Corvalis TTx Corvalis TT Cirrus SR22T G3 Model Engine TSIO-550-C TSIO-550-C TSIO-550-K Horsepower 310 310 315 Manifold Hg” 35.5 35.5 37.5 Max RPM 2600 2600 2500 Usable Fuel 102 1021 92 Gross Weight 3600 3600 3400 Useful Load 1000 1050 1000 Garmin G2000 Standard N/A N/A Garmin G1000 N/A Standard2 Standard SVT Standard Standard3 Standard WAAS Standard Standard3 Standard ESP Standard N/A Standard4 Data Logging Standard Standard3 Standard Icing Protection FIKI OPTION5 2 SUPPLEMENTAL OPTIONS6 FIKI OPTION BRS Parachute N/A N/A Standard AmSafe Seat Belts N/A N/A7 Standard Speed Brakes Standard Standard N/A 26G Safety Seats Standard Standard8 N/A Utility Category Standard Standard N/A Built in Oxygen Standard Standard Standard Max Altitude 25,000 25,000 25,000 Seating Capacity 4 4 4 The power output between the two aircraft is similar. The TTx accomplishes the power with lower manifold pressure and higher RPM while Cirrus makes power with a higher manifold pressure and lower RPM. The Cirrus combination results in a quieter takeoff power setting but increases internal cylinder pressures. High internal cylinder pressures result in excess pressure on the valves, potentially increasing valve guide wear. This has been the AĐhilles’ heel of the eŶgiŶe. I feaƌ the Ciƌƌus poǁeƌ ĐoŵďiŶatioŶs will aggravate the problem. The TTx is a ŵuĐh stƌoŶgeƌ aiƌfƌaŵe. While Ciƌƌus Đalls it oǀeƌďuilt, I’d ƌatheƌ haǀe the TTx in severe turbulence than the Cirrus. 1 Foƌ aiƌĐƌaft seƌial Ŷuŵďeƌs ϰϭϳϵϵ aŶd eaƌlieƌ, ϵϴ galloŶs of usaďle fuel. A ƌedesigŶ of the ͞ slosh ďodž͟ alloǁed foƌ more usable fuel. 2 Serial Numbers 41562 and earlier are equipped with the Avidyne Entegra avionics system. 3 Standard on 2008 and newer. Can be retrofitted down to SN 41563. 4 2011 and newer models. 5 Ability to install non-FIKI Thermawing post delivery. 6 TKS and Kelly Aerospace Thermawing Options 7 STC for AmSafe Seat Belts is rumored 8 41563 and on. 2 | P a g e Performance Corvalis TTx Corvalis TT Cirrus SR22T G3 Model Max Cruise KTAS 235 235 214 Typical Cruise KTAS 223 223 214 Takeoff ;50’ OďstaĐleͿ 1900 1900 1267 Takeoff Ground Roll 1200 1200 822 Typical Rate of Climb 1450 1450 1300 Time to Climb to 25K 20 minutes 20 minutes 26 minutes Typical Cruise Range 1100 1100 850 VNE 230 KIAS 230 KIAS 200 KIAS VNO 181 KIAS 181 KIAS 177 KIAS VO 138 KIAS 138 KIAS 133 KIAS VFE First Notch of Flaps9 127 KIAS 127 KIAS 119 KIAS VFE Full Flaps10 117 KIAS 117 KIAS 104 KIAS Stall Speed – Landing 59 KIAS 59 KIAS 62 KIAS Stall Speed – Clean 72 KIAS 72 KIAS 73 KIAS Landing 1260 1260 1411 When analyzing the aďoǀe Ŷuŵďeƌs, LJou’ll Ŷote hoǁ ŵuĐh stƌoŶgeƌ the TTx is when compared to the Cirrus especially when you look at the VNE speeds. Right away you will notice that TTx has a 30 knot advantage in the most stressed category. You’ll also Ŷote that the Ciƌƌus gets off the gƌouŶd aŶd Đliŵďs to ϱϬ feet fasteƌ. This is because the Cirrus has a larger wing than the TTx. The Cirrus has a bit more low speed lift initially, but once they are both off the ground and climbing, the TTx runs away. The TTx will also climb at a higher indicated airspeed than the Cirrus giving the aircraft improved cooling and forward visibility. Regarding the wing sizes, the Cirrus has an aspect ratio of 10.12 while the TTx’s aspect ratio is 9.08. The TTx has to work a little bit harder to produce the same amount of lift. With the shorter wingspan on the TTx, it’s working with a smaller cylinder of air and ultimately has a little bit more induced drag than the Cirrus. That’s why the Cirrus gets off the ground faster. But once the TTx gets airflow over its wing, the game is over. The TTx' higher indicated airspeeds are also more ATC friendly; ATC tends to vector you in tight when in a TTx, because the TTx can carry high airspeeds in the terminal environment. The TTx ĐaŶ also ĐaƌƌLJ these higheƌ aiƌspeeds ďeĐause it’s easieƌ foƌ the aircraft to sloǁ doǁŶ. With the TTx' speed ďƌakes staŶdaƌd aŶd a higheƌ flap deploLJŵeŶt speed, it’s edžtƌeŵelLJ easLJ to carry 170 KIAS to the outer marker on an ILS approach and slow down to your VREF speed on short final. Controllers love this. The Cirrus can slow down quickly as well since the prop on the SR22T has significantly more surface area than the TTx which can act as a speed brake when the engine is pulled to idle. The huge downside is that you must pull the power to idle to benefit from the prop sloǁiŶg the aircraft doǁŶ which becomes a faĐtoƌ iŶ a shoƌt fiŶal situatioŶ. Solely considering the wing, the Ciƌƌus should haǀe ďetteƌ glide peƌfoƌŵaŶĐe, ďut it doesŶ’t. Glide ƌatio oŶ the Cirrus is 9.6:1 and the TTx is 13:1. Why? First, that prop the Cirrus has falls to a low pitch (flat) and becomes a giant air brake. Second, the prop on the TTx can be pulled to a high pitch (low RPM) setting, substantially reducing 9 12° Flaps for the TTx and 16° Flaps for the Cirrus 10 40° Flaps for the TTx and 32° Flaps for the Cirrus 3 | P a g e the dƌag of the ǁiŶd ŵilliŶg pƌopelleƌ. In addition, the glide speed is ϴϴ oŶ the Ciƌƌus versus 108 for the TTx. Pilots flying the TTx have a higher margin of safety between glide and stall speed. Once the landing field is assured, TTx pilots simply transition to a normal approach speed. The slower airspeeds on the Cirrus during pattern operations have been attributed to the higher than normal stall/spin situations. Assuming maximum landing weight (worse case) when flying the TTx, you have a 50 knot margin between stall on downwind, a 40 knot margin between stall on base and a 30 knot margin between stall on final. Once established on final (maneuvering flight is completed), the pilot should transition to a 1.3 VSTALL speed for landing. The TTx is safer in maneuvering flight. This is why Cirrus stresses use of the parachute when the pilot gets in trouble.
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It is also important to note that the flap of the TTx also carries 8° more flaps when placed in the full position. This allows for shorter ground rolls and steeper approach. The cool thing is that even with all those flaps hanging out, the TTx will climb better than 500 feet per minute on a go around if the pilot forgets to raise the flaps. The TTx has aŵaziŶg flLJiŶg Ƌualities. TheLJ’ƌe ƌeallLJ seĐoŶd to Ŷo pistoŶ geŶeƌal aǀiatioŶ aiƌĐƌaft iŶ the Ŷoƌŵal aŶd utilitLJ ĐategoƌLJ. It’s iŶĐƌediďlLJ doĐile aŶd Ŷiŵďle all ǁhile ŵaiŶtaiŶiŶg a ǀeƌLJ high leǀel of staďilitLJ. That’s ǀeƌLJ rare. Usually when performance and nimble handling characteristics are increased, stability suffers. Not the case with the TTx. Flying the TTx is really flying! You want to hand fly the aiƌĐƌaft, ďut it’s alǁaLJs ŶiĐe to kŶoǁ that LJou have the amazing GFC 700 autopilot backing you up. Two common flight quality complaints about the Cirrus are the flight controls and trim system. It is simply not a comfortable airplane to haŶd flLJ fƌoŵ aŶ eƌgoŶoŵiĐ staŶdpoiŶt and it’s diffiĐult to applLJ fiŶe tƌiŵ ŵoǀeŵeŶts. In short, it laĐks a taĐtiĐal feel ǁheŶ flLJiŶg the aiƌĐƌaft. With the additioŶ of a ĐoŶtƌol ĐeŶteƌiŶg spƌiŶg, LJou doŶ’t get the tLJpiĐal aiƌspeed load feel that you do on other aircraft. I suspect this is another factor in the stall spin hazards facing the Cirrus. In fact, Cirrus sent out a safety alert in 2010 encouraging recurrent training every 6 months, with an emphasis on landing operations. The Cirrus has an interesting set up for selecting power settings. They have a special linkage between the throttle and prop governor that removes the prop control from the Cirrus. Contrary to many things that you hear, it is not a FADEC system. Cirrus simply has decided the RPM you should be running at a given manifold pressure. Cirrus boasts that it ŵakes eŶgiŶe ŵaŶageŵeŶt easLJ, aŶd theLJ’ƌe ƌight. Foƌ aŶ uŶeduĐated pilot, the Ciƌƌus eŶgiŶe is easier to manage. With this said, if we give a TTx pilot one settiŶg to flLJ, it’s just as easLJ to ŵaŶage the eŶgiŶe. Pilots that want to learn how to properly run their engine have much more flexibility in the TTx. Let’s talk ŵoƌe aďout safetLJ. EǀeƌLJthiŶg oŶ the TTx is designed to eliminate a single point of failure situations. The TTx has four very efficiently designed flap hinges per flap, three aileron hinges, dual wing spaƌs, dual hoƌizoŶtal staďilizeƌ suppoƌt tuďes, dual alteƌŶatoƌs, dual ďatteƌies… LJou get the piĐtuƌe. To top it off, the TTx has a built in roll cage made of carbon fiber maximizing structural integrity in a crash and protecting the occupants. The TTx electrical system is also unique to the piston world. The aircraft has no standby batteries, but rather two independent busses, each with an alternator and battery. Both busses have components specifically dedicated to them, however the essential and avionics bus receive power from both busses at all times. In the rare event that one alternator is lost, the aircraft receives an annunciation on the PFD were then the pilot simply selects the "CROSSTIE" switch to the "ON" position and the other alternator covers the entire electrical load. No load shedding necessary. In the unheard of event that both alternators quit working, the pilot has 30 minutes of electrical power to get on the ground. The Cirrus' paƌaĐhute. Let’s eŶd soŵe of the ŵLJths ƌegaƌdiŶg the paƌaĐhute ƌight Ŷoǁ. MaŶLJ dispute the Ŷuŵďeƌ of liǀes saǀed ďLJ the paƌaĐhute. Ciƌƌus is sŵaƌt to ŵadžiŵize the Ŷuŵďeƌs hoǁeǀeƌ, Ŷo oŶe ĐaŶ argue that the parachute has iŶ faĐt saǀed liǀes. It ǁoƌks. That’s also the ƌeasoŶ that ŵaŶLJ CessŶa ϭϳϮ aŶd 4 | P a g e 182 owners have elected to install the BRS on their aircraft. There are also rumors that the parachute allowed Cirrus to bypass the standard spin certification standards. The FAA requested that Cirrus test the SR22 parachute throughout the envelope. This included deployment at VNE and during a one turn spin. Normal spins and recovery were still tested and it will recover from a standard spin, just as the TTx will. But the POH does state that CAPS is the oŶlLJ aĐĐeptaďle ŵethod foƌ ƌeĐoǀeƌiŶg foƌ spiŶs. While the aircraft can recover from spins, the typical pilot buying the TTx and Cirrus would probably not be able to safely recover. The great thing about the TTx is that it is extremely difficult to even get close to a spin. While demonstrating the TTx into a stall, one can hold on the stop and rolling the wings from 30° to 30° in the opposite direction while in the stall! The TTx is ǀeƌLJ Đoŵfoƌtaďle to flLJ. “oŵe saLJ it’s a little ŵoƌe diffiĐult to get iŶto the fƌoŶt seats, aŶd that may be aĐĐuƌate, ďut oŶĐe LJou’ƌe iŶ its ǀeƌLJ Đoŵfoƌtaďle. The seats aƌe aŵaziŶg. EƌgoŶoŵiĐs of the stiĐk loĐatioŶ iŶ ĐoŵďiŶatioŶ ǁith the dooƌ aƌŵ ƌests ŵake foƌ ǀeƌLJ Đoŵfoƌtaďle ͞ fiŶgeƌtip͟ flLJiŶg of the TTx. There is a touch more shoulder room in the Ciƌƌus, ďut oŶlLJ ďLJ ϭ.ϭϯ iŶĐhes. It’s pƌettLJ Ŷegligiďle. Theƌe is also a little ŵoƌe headroom in the Cirrus, only by .7 of an inch. Effective headroom is better in the TTx because the seats sit lower. For those with long torsos, the TTx will be noticeably different. The real test is a 4 hour flight in each aircraft. You’ll ďe ŵuĐh ŵoƌe fatigued iŶ a Ciƌƌus thaŶ a Coƌǀalis. Selling points of the TTx: 1. Most think that the airplane is more aesthetically pleasing. 2. Airframe Strength & Integrity 3. Better low airspeed performance. 4. Much better handling characteristics and flying qualities. 5. More flexible in regards to speeds in the terminal environment. 6. Better fit & finish 7. While the Cirrus may have a few more avionics options than the Corvalis TT (but not the TTx), they Coƌǀalis pilot ĐaŶ get iŶto aŶLJ aiƌpoƌt that the Ciƌƌus ĐaŶ ;theLJ ĐaŶ’t flLJ aŶLJ appƌoaĐhes that ǁe ĐaŶ’tͿ. 8. The TTx seats are much more comfortable. 2 hours in Cirrus can be relatively painful. This is because the seats are built for a landing under parachute canopy. 9. More engine power settings resulting from a separate prop control, increasing utility, flexibility and range.