Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) 3-27, Operational Support Airlift

provides an economical and efficient alternative for the movement of personnel and cargo by reducing the burden that small payloads place on large tactical aircraft. Since complex tactical assault support aircraft are costly to operate and require extensive maintenance, OSA aircraft make significant contributions in airlift support while avoiding the high cost of using tactical assault support assets. Historical Perspective Marines are renowned for adapting tools to sup- port operations and using them to overcome obstacles. For example, one of the earliest uses of civilian variant aircraft to support Marine Corps logistics was in 1927 when Atlantic Fokker Tri- motor aircraft were used to transport troops and supplies by air in support of ground forces dur- ing the Nicaraguan campaign. The tri-motor air- craft could make the trip from Managua to Ocotal in 1 hour 40 minutes, yet the same trip by ox cart or mule train took 10 days to 3 weeks, depending on the condition of the trails. During World War II, the South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command was created around Marine Aircraft Group 25. With the battle for Guadalcanal underway and control of surface resupply and medical evacuation frequently inter- dicted by the Japanese fleet, resupply by air was essential to retain the tiny foothold in the South Pacific. With three squadrons of Marine R4D air- craft, and a squadron of C-47 aircraft operated by the US Army Air Corps, the command provided critical air logistics by moving Marines and Sol- diers between and within operations and cam- paigns in the Pacifi c theater. As the war progressed, intertheater and intratheater air move- ment of personnel, equipment, and cargo became commonplace. As soon as an airfield was cap- tured, Marine R4D aircraft brought critical sup- plies to the fight and evacuated casualties. The efforts of the South Pacific Combat Air Trans- port and its sister unit, the Central Pacific Combat Air Transport Service (later called Transport Air Group), served to define Marine fixed-wing transport squadrons (VMRs) as critical logistic enablers and were the forerunners of modern day Marine Corps OSA. Modern Day Applications Marine Corps UC-12B aircraft provided OSA support to Marines in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm and operated from Bahrain International Airport while assigned to 3d Marine Aircraft Wing (MAW), I Marine Expeditionary Force. From August 1990 to May 1991, these Marines flew 1,297 flight hours, carrying 1,816 passengers and 59,690 pounds of cargo. The air- craft also made nightly intelligence runs, which provided aviation combat element (ACE) plan- ners with critical bomb damage assessment intel- ligence for operational planning. Immediately after the 9-11 attacks on American soil, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) halted all air travel for a short period of time. Military aircraft were the only aircraft authorized to fly in the continental United States (CONUS) in support of contingency operations. In support of North American Aerospace Defense Command Operation Noble Eagle, Marine Corps OSA 1-2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 aircraft were dispatched to transport fighter pilots to their duty assignments. Senior leaders, MAGTF commanders, and their accompanying staffs and planners would not have moved via air in CONUS without OSA. Marine Corps UC-12B aircraft were deployed again from March to November 2003 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). However, the aircraft were ultimately withdrawn because they lacked an encrypted communications capability and Mode IV-capable transponders. In 2004, a VMR detachment consisting of one UC-35 air- craft was deployed to the Arabian Gulf in sup- port of Commander, United States Marine Corps Forces, Central Command’s (MARFORCENT’s) OSA requirements. This newer generation of OSA aircraft—equipped with encrypted commu- nications and a Mode IV transponder capabil- ity—provided the MAGTF commander with assets that could seamlessly integrate into the existing air command and control (C2) network. In addition, centrally locating OSA assets enabled the crews to support Marines in OIF, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), and OEF-Horn of Africa simultaneously. In 2007, an emerging enemy surface-to-air, man-portable, infrared mis- sile threat drove the requirement to install air- craft survivability equipment (ASE) on UC-35D aircraft. Following the deployment of Marine Expeditionary Brigade Afghanistan in 2009, the OSA requirement in MARFORCENT was expanded to include two UC-35D aircraft. The VMR detachment’s performance since 2004 demonstrates the important role of OSA in enabling Marines to plan for and sustain the fight. Furthermore, the availability of OSA assets to the MAGTF commander frees tactical aircraft to con- duct the combat missions they are designed to do. Commercial, Off-the-Shelf Variant Aircraft Within the Department of Defense (DOD), the US Armed Services operate an inventory of over 300 fixed-wing aircraft to perform the OSA mission. The Marine Corps uses commercial, off- the-shelf variant aircraft to provide relevant and sustainable OSA for forward-deployed MAGTFs. These commercial aircraft are cost effective and efficiently support distributed operations in theaters of war and forward-deployed MAGTFs. Based on proven civilian transport aircraft de- signs, the Marine Corps operates aircraft that range in size from 8-passenger, twin-engine turbopropellers (turboprops) to 90-passenger jets. As such, Marine Corps OSA assets comprise 7.5 percent of the DOD OSA fleet. These OSA aircraft provide scalable options for light intratheater lift and medium- to long-range lift options for intertheater lift. Per Department of Defense Directive (DODD) 4500.56, DOD Policy on the Use of Government Aircraft and Air Travel, Marine Corps OSA wartime requirements are reviewed annually to ensure the fleet meets emergency and wartime Service requirements. See appendix A for a listing of aircraft in the OSA fleet. The OSA aircraft used by the Marine Corps pos- sess attributes unique to commercial designs, all of which benefit Marine Corps operations:  Low operating costs.  Exceptionally high mission reliability rates.  Low maintenance required per flight hour.  Efficient, commercially-based aircrew transi- tion training.  Small deployed logistic footprint.  Inconspicuous profile at foreign airports. These attributes combine to offer a significant set of advantages, which include the following:  Preserves the service life of tactical airframes.  Frees tactical airframes to be employed in their primary missions.  Provides access to smaller airfields, enabling direct movement to an objective.  Provides quick response to emerging mission requirements. Operational Support Airlift _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1-3  Bridges gaps between commercial cargo carri- ers and MAGTFs.  Facilitates productive time for commanders and staffs while en route.  Mitigates force protection risks created by lay- overs in foreign airports. Marine Corps OSA aircraft are most effective in low threat environments where the MAGTF has air superiority, enemy air defenses have been defeated, and ground combat operations have succeeded in driving enemy combat units out of known weapons ranges of airfields. Marine Corps UC-12W and UC-35D aircraft are equipped with encrypted military radios, Mode IV and Mode V capable transponders, and ASE to support deployed operations in low threat environments. Mission The mission of Marine Corps OSA is to provide Marine Corps forces and MAGTFs with time-sen- sitive air transport of high priority passengers and cargo and other critical air logistic support between and within a theater of war, and to other- wise support Marines as required. Marine Corps OSA units perform the same airlift missions whether deployed or at their home stations, because the mission of providing time-sensitive air transport remains constant regardless of location. Unpredictable, short notice movements of high priority people and cargo will require an im- mediate response that is not usually compatible with the United States Transportation Com- mand’s (USTRANSCOM’s) and United States Air Force’s airlift missions or commercial route structures. Marine Corps OSA provides the flexibility to assume this tasking with no impact to existing tactical assault support aircraft priorities. This flexibility is vital to MAGTF logistics, communications, and security in all phases of deployment. Role Within the Six Functions of Marine Corps Aviation The Marine Corps’ OSA role in the six functions of Marine Corps aviation falls under assault support—specifically, air logistic support and air evacuation. Marine Corps OSA contributes to the fixed-wing assault support of MAGTF forces on the ground through air logistic support opera- tions. Marine Corps OSA aircraft deliver Marines, equipment, and supplies to areas beyond helicopter range and lift capability or when sur- face transportation is too slow, unavailable, or the threat is too high. Marine Corps OSA relieves ACE tactical assault support aircraft for combat missions, freeing the aircraft and crews to fight and train. Marine Corps OSA provides time- critical and flexible air logistic support to sustain all MAGTF operations. Organization Operational support airlift units are located at Marine Corps bases throughout CONUS and the Western Pacific (WESTPAC). In CONUS, Marine Corps OSA units reside in headquarters and headquarters squadrons (H&HSs) of the Marine Corps air stations within Marine Corps Installations (MCI) East and West, and as stand- alone VMR squadrons in 4th MAW and MCI East (VMR-1). In WESTPAC, OSA units reside in H&HSs of Marine Corps Bases Japan (MCBJ) and at Marine Corps Air Facility (MCAF) Kaneohe Bay, HI. Figure 1-1, on page 1-4, depicts current Marine Corps OSA locations. For OSA units assigned to H&HSs, table of orga- nization structure belongs to the Deputy Com- mandant for Installations and Logistics. Marine Corps aviators are assigned to manage airfield operations under the MCIs and to fly the station OSA aircraft as a secondary duty. The 4th MAW OSA units are located aboard Naval Air Station, 1-4 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 Joint Reserve Base New Orleans, LA and Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility, Washington, DC. These squadrons report directly to 4th MAW Headquarters. Reserve table of organization structure belongs to the Commander, United States Marine Forces Reserve. Marine Corps OSA aircraft requirements, plans, policy, and budget matters are controlled by the Deputy Commandant for Aviation. Appendix B depicts the organizational structure of all OSA units. A C T IVE SIT E 4 th M A W R ESER VE SIT E 2 x UC -3 5 C 3 x UC -3 5 D B E L L E C H AS S E AN D R E W S N E W R IV E R B E AU F O R T 2 x UC -3 5 D C H E R R Y P O IN T 2 x C -9 B 2 x UC -3 5 D 1 x UC -1 2 W 2 x UC -1 2 W 2 x UC -1 2 M 2 x UC -1 2 F M IR AM AR YU M A 2 x UC -1 2 F KANEOHE BAY 1 x C -2 0 G 3 x UC -3 5 D F U T E N M A 1 x UC -1 2 W 2 x UC -1 2 W IW AK U N I 27 total aircraft (7 stationed in WESTPAC): 1 C-20G (Gulfstream IV) 2 C-9B (DC-9) 12 UC-35 C/D (Cessna Citation/Encore) 12 UC-12 F/M/W (King Air) Figure 1-1. Marine Corps OSA Locations. C HAPTER 2 C OMMAND , C ONTROL , AND SCHEDULING During Major Operations and Contingencies In accordance with Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, the joint force commander (JFC) has full authority to assign missions, redirect efforts, and direct coordination among subordinate commanders. However, the JFC should allow Service tactical and operational assets and groupings to function generally as they were designed, with their intent to meet the needs of the JFC while maintaining the tactical and operational integrity of their Service organizations. The primary mission of the MAGTF ACE is the support of the MAGTF ground combat element; therefore, the MAGTF commander retains operational control of organic air assets. During joint operations, MAGTF air assets normally support the MAGTF mission. The MAGTF commander makes sorties available to the JFC for tasking through the joint force air component commander (JFACC), for air defense, long-range interdiction, and long-range reconnaissance. Sorties in excess of MAGTF direct support requirements are provided to the JFC for tasking through the JFACC for the support of other components of the joint force or the joint force as a whole. When deployed during major operations and con- tingencies, responsibility for command, control, and scheduling of assigned OSA units and detachments resides with the Marine Corps forces component commander. Further, JP 3-17, Air Mobility Operations, states, “Within a theater, OSA assets and their scheduling should reside with their respective Service component and may be made available for tasking at the [combatant commander’s] direction.” Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) 3-40.8, Marine Corps Componency, explains how MAGTFs are employed in a joint environment. Marine Corps OSA units and detachments should be attached to the ACE to provide direct support to the MAGTF. Attaching OSA assets within the MAGTF ACE provides flexibility in filling high priority and short notice missions without having to compete with the airlift needs of other Ser- vices. This also ensures that MAGTF lift require- ments are met first and that sorties in excess of MAGTF direct support requirements are pro- vided to the JFC for tasking through the JFACC. Scheduling of OSA is assigned to the ACE Air Transportation Coordination Office (ATCO) officer in charge (OIC). In addition to subject matter expertise in the Marine fixed-wing transportation mission, wing ATCO OICs are well versed in International Civil Aviation Organization requirements and diplomatic clearance requirements and arrangements, and they can assist Marine Corps OSA units in coordinating all operations. The ATCO OIC ensures OSA missions are published in the air tasking order. To the maximum extent possible and within mission constraints, ATCO OICs and OSA aircraft ensure that any available seating is made available for passengers. Figure 2-1, on page 2-2, depicts potential com- mand relationships of a deployed Marine Corps OSA detachment attached to the ACE. The requirements for fuel, billeting, support equipment, and office/hangar space are best met by the ACE. The Marine Corps OSA detachment’s require- ments for contract support logistics, fuel account- ing, and other administrative needs typically remain the responsibility of the parent command. 2-2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 The Marine Corps OSA priority of employment in war is to support the Marine Corps component commander and forward-deployed MAGTFs. Operational support airlift assets are available to the Marine Corps component commander as is any other Marine Corps aviation asset. The Marine Corps component or MAGTF com- mander should request OSA support as early as possible during the operational planning process. A Marine Corps OSA detachment can be part of a force list to a joint task force (JTF) that does not require a Marine Corps component. In situations where a Marine Corps OSA asset deploys, its mission and tasking execution remain the same. Location, attachment, and command relation- ships of these assets are at the discretion of the JTF commander. It is recommended that tasking authority should reside with the operations direc- torate section of the JTF and, specifically, in the air cell if one is manned. Figure 2-2 provides a notional structure of OSA assets in support of the JTF commander in order to best meet the needs of the commander and the mission. CONUS and OCONUS Exercise Support Marine commanders regularly request Marine O S A t o s u p p o r t C O N U S a n d o u t s i d e t h e continental United States (OCONUS) deploy- ments and/or exercises. This provides MAGTF staffs and OSA exercise participants with valuable training. Marine Corps OSA support is routinely provided for predeployment training OSA DET MAG MAG MAG SQDN SQDN SQDN OSA DET MAGTF Command Element GCE ACE LCE G-3/S-3 MAW LEGEND DET detachment G-3 assistant chief of staff, operations GCE ground combat element LCE logistics combat element MAG Marine aircraft group SQDN squadron S-3 operations officer Figure 2-1. Command Relationships of Operational Support Airlift Detachments to the MAGTF. Operational Support Airlift _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2-3 program exercises and Marine Aviation Weapons and Tactics Squadron-1 classes. Marine Corps OSA support in predeployment training exercises can be used for extended periods of time and reserved solely for the use of the requesting unit in these cases. Requests for these extended OSA missions are forwarded in the same manner as any other OSA requirement. Requesting units must submit a standard naval message to Commandant of the Marine Corps, Washington, DC (Aviation Manpower and Support [referred to as Code ASM]) requiring dedicated support for the duration of the exercises. Headquarters, Marine Corps (HQMC) Aviation Support Coordination Office (ASCO) will coordinate with the appropriate Marine Corps forces to provide dedicated exercise support. Using OSA in this manner maximizes its use- f u l n e s s f o r t h e M A G T F c o m m a n d e r a n d enhances training effectiveness by freeing up tactical air assets from time consuming and in- opportune logistical demands not directly related to the tactical requirements of the exercise. It also serves to expose operators to OSA units and edu- cates them on OSA’s important role in support of the MAGTF. It is imperative that exercise employment of OSA clearly reflects and supports its ultimate wartime role. Proper utilization of OSA assets must con- tinue to be the benchmark of their employment. CONUS Command and Scheduling Active duty Marine Corps OSA units based in CONUS are in the supporting establishment chain of command. Operational support airlift CTF/JTF Commander AFFOR JFACC NAVFOR ARFOR MAGTF ACE GCE LCE OSA DET CE LEGEND ARFOR Army forces AFFOR Air Force forces CE command element CTF combined task force DET detachment GCE ground combat element LCE logistics combat element NAVFOR Navy forces Figure 2-2. Notional Structure of Marine Corps OSA Detachment in Support of the JTF Commander. 2-4 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 units report first to their respective air station or air facility. The next higher echelon of com- mand is the Marine Corps bases, followed by Marine Corps forces. These command arrange- ments are exceptions to the normal squadron- group-wing model familiar to most Marine Corps aviation staffs and planners. Reserve Component OSA units are assigned directly to 4th MAW and do not report to Reserve Compo- nent Marine aircraft groups. Since 1995, CONUS scheduling of all DOD OSA assets is consolidated under USTRANSCOM management. The USTRANSCOM maintains and utilizes the Joint Operational Support Airlift Center (JOSAC) to maximize the efficient use of available CONUS OSA assets, regardless of Ser- vice, to support joint requests for airlift. Requests from all Services are prioritized based on mis- sion impact and not specifically on the rank of the requestor. Those requests that can be met with available OSA assets are supported. The JOSAC attempts to optimally program, schedule, mod- ify, and track CONUS OSA missions. Department of Defense Instruction (DODI) 4500.43, Operational Support Airlift (OSA), establishes the JOSAC as the sole DOD CONUS OSA scheduler and describes in detail the re- quirements and procedures for obtaining and uti- lizing OSA support. Marine Corps Order (MCO) 4631.10A, Operational Support Airlift Manage- ment, amplifies the policies of DODI 4500.43 and provides further details on the procedures for the operation and management of Marine Corps-spe- cific OSA aircraft. All OSA requests are origi- nated on a standard DD [Department of Defense] Form 2768, Military Air Passenger/Cargo Request (see app. C). During CONUS employment, per DODI 4500.43, Marine Corps OSA assets are operationally controlled by Marine Corps units, and these units provide sorties to JOSAC for scheduling. Once the Marine Corps OSA asset is assigned to a JOSAC mission, JOSAC schedulers can request a change to the mission to support higher priority JOSAC lifts from that Marine Corps OSA unit’s commanding officer. Note: In accordance with the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Instruction (OPNAVINST) 3710.7, NATOPS General Flight and Operating Instructions, the only officer who can authorize a change to the flight schedule is the unit commanding officer or designated representative. Therefore, JOSAC schedulers should wait until Marine Corps OSA aircraft arrive at the previ- ously scheduled destination to ask Marine Corps pilots to change the next leg of the mission. Marine Corps aircrews must be given the oppor- tunity to conduct mission planning and opera- tional risk management if they agree to changes in the assigned mission. Requests for OSA airlift by Marine Corps units are forwarded to one of several validating activi- ties depending on the status and/or geographical location of the requesting unit (see fig. 2-3). Active Component OSA requests originating from the National Capital Region are forwarded to the HQMC ASCO (Code ASM-41). Addition- ally, all requests for CONUS to OCONUS travel, round trip inclusive, are handled by the HQMC ASCO (Code ASM-41). Finally, all requests to move Marine Corps bands shall be coordinated through the HQMC ASCO (Code ASM). Active Component OSA requests originating from east of the Mississippi River are forwarded to Com- manding General, Marine Corps Installations East, G-3 ATCO. Active Component OSA requests originating from west of the Mississippi River are forwarded to Commanding General, Marine Corps Installations West, G-3 ATCO. Operational support airlift requests originating from Marine Corps bases and stations in Japan are forwarded to the MCBJ G-3 ATCO. Reserve Component OSA requests originating from United States Marine Corps Forces Reserve are forwarded directly to the 4th MAW ATCO. Appendix D lists pertinent contact information for OSA scheduling. Operational Support Airlift _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2-5 After review and approval by the corresponding validating activity, CONUS OSA requests are forwarded to the JOSAC via the automated joint air logistic information system (JALIS) for pro- cessing. The JOSAC reviews the request to ensure proper utilization in accordance with established DODDs. It will then assign the lift to a DOD OSA unit. Note: JOSAC does not schedule OCONUS Marine Corps OSA airlift missions. Should Marine Corps OSA detachments deploy- ing to a major operation (e.g., OEF) require Marine Corps C-9B lift, the OSA detachment OIC and the Marine Corps OSA unit command- ing officer should coordinate with HQMC ASCO (Code ASM-41) via the chain of command for validation of all airlift requests and processing of the flight advisory. In case of contingency operations in CONUS, Marine Corps OSA units may continue to be scheduled through the USTRANSCOM JOSAC. In this event, Marine Corps personnel must ensure the proper validation of all requests and airlift missions in direct support of operational forces engaged in combat, contingency, or peacekeeping operations directed by the President and/or the Secretary of Defense or for emergency lifesaving purposes. These airlifts will be justified using high priority, urgency, justification, and category (PUJC) codes to ensure dedicated sup- port. The JOSAC will continue OSA scheduling for the duration of the contingency. A key to dedicated support is constant coordination be- tween ASCO, ATCOs, and JOSAC schedulers. The OSA missions should continue to be assigned via JALIS. However, should the nature of the crisis or emergency preclude scheduling of Marine Corps OSA aircraft by the JOSAC, Marine Corps OSA should be attached to the MAGTF or Marine Corps forces and scheduled through the ACE staff. Compliance with DODI 4500.43 provides visi- bility and scheduling efficiency across all DOD Service OSA units and can reduce empty aircraft flights by ensuring OSA aircraft carry passengers Major Subordinate Element or Requesting Unit Major Subordinate Command ATCO Execution Validators JOSAC HQMC ASM-ASCO MCBJ Scheduling CONUS HQMC-ASM-ASCO MCI EAST MCI WEST 4th MAW MARFORPAC HQMC-ASM-ASCO WESTPAC MCBJ NALO HQMC ASCO (Facilitate) MCI EAST OSA VMR-1: UC35, C9 New River: UC12F Beaufort: UC12M MCI WEST OSA Miramar: UC12W, UC35D Yuma: UC12F MARFORRES OSA VMR Belle Chasse: UC12W, UC35C/D VMR Andrews: UC35 Hawaii OSA Kaneohe Bay: C20 WESTPAC OSA Futenma: UC12W, UC35D Iwakuni: UC12W LEGEND MARFORPAC United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific MARFORRES United States Marine Corps Forces Reserve Figure 2-3. OSA Request, Validate, Schedule, and Execute Concept. 2-6 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 from the point of origin until return to base. Should conflicts or policy issues arise, Marine Corps OSA unit commanders may address questions to the HQMC ASCO (Code ASM-41) via the chain of command. The ASCO is ex- perienced in policy application and can provide recommendations and support for all Marine Corps OSA users and operators. Western Pacific Scheduling Marine Corps OSA units based in WESTPAC are in the supporting establishment chain of com- mand of MCBJ, reporting to Marine Corps air stations or air facilities. The OCONUS WESTPAC Marine Corps OSA scheduling and command relationships are sepa- rate from the CONUS process. The MCBJ G-3 air cell ATCO is the OSA scheduling authority for Marine Corps OSA requests originating from WESTPAC. These requests are not forwarded to the JOSAC. The requests are processed entirely by the MCBJ ATCO. The ATCO performs validat- ing and scheduling and is the final validating authority for OSA requests generating from WESTPAC Marine Corps commands, with the exception of heavy lift requirements. The MCBJ ATCO will be guided in his duties by DODI 4500.43, DODD 4500.56, MCO 4631.10A, and local standing operating procedures and directives. Note: All Marine Corps OSA schedulers and validators are guided by DODI 4500.43 and DODD 4500.56. C-20G Scheduling A 2001 memorandum of understanding between the Deputy Commandant for Aviation and Com- mander, Naval Air Force Reserve governs MCAF Kaneohe Bay C-20G scheduling. Additionally, C-20G scheduling has been modified by a 2010 Deputy Commandant for Aviation memorandum for scheduling of the Marine C-20G. T h e D e p u t y C o m m a n d a n t f o r A v i a t i o n established the requirement to provide a C-20G aircraft in order to support Commander, United S t a t e s M a r i n e C o r p s F o r c e s , P a c i f i c ’ s (COMMARFORPAC’s) area of operations. This a i r c r a f t a l s o s u p p o r t s C o m m a n d e r , MARFORCENT by transporting him between and within theaters of war. The HQMC ASM serves as verifier for all Marine Corps flag officer and Senior Executive Service personnel lift requests and manages all Marine Corps OSA policy issues. The flight scheduling of the MCAF Kaneohe Bay C-20G aircraft for movement of passengers and cargo is coordinated by the Navy Air Logis- tics Office (NALO). The mission of NALO is to enhance combat capability by scheduling fleet air logistic assets worldwide in a judicious and flexible manner. The NALO is the central scheduling authority for the movement of passengers and cargo for the MCAF Kaneohe Bay C-20G aircraft. Due to dip- lomatic clearance lead time considerations, mis- sions supporting United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific (MARFORPAC) units should be requested a minimum of 45 days prior to the requested departure date. Scheduling will be in accordance with the PUJC codes as established in OPNAVINST 4631.2D, Management of Depart- ment of the Navy (DON) Airlift Assets. In the event that a higher-priority mission preempts a previously scheduled COMMARFORPAC mis- sion, the HQMC ASCO (Code ASM-41) will notify COMMARFORPAC. All other missions will be scheduled not earlier than 21 days prior to the requested departure date and will comply with all DOD directives and OPNAVINSTs. In accor- dance with current NALO business practices, once scheduled, a lift will not normally be pre- empted except by a lift with a higher PUJC. Operational Support Airlift _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2-7 MCAF Kaneohe Bay will provide NALO C-20G availability for tasking consistent with local maintenance availability and local training requirements through JALIS or its designated replacement scheduling program. 2-8 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 This Page Intentionally Left Blank C HAPTER 3 P LANNING AND E MPLOYMENT C ONSIDERATIONS General Planning Considerations Marine Corps OSA aircraft are significantly dif- ferent from Marine Corps tactical assault support aircraft. Employment plans for a Marine Corps OSA unit or detachment in a theater of war or area of operations must account for OSA aircraft strengths and limitations. Marine Corps OSA aircraft are commercial, off- the-shelf aircraft certified by the FAA, with mili- tary upgrades to enhance tactical communications and aircrew/aircraft survivability. The aircraft are inexpensive to operate and easy to maintain, and they historically have high mission capability rates and dispatch reliability. The conduct of operations in support of OIF, OEF, and Com- bined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa has driven the requirement to install government-furnished military communications radios capable of being encrypted for secure communications, Mode IV and V identification, friend or foe (IFF) transpon- ders, and ASE. Operational support airlift aircraft require less maintenance than tactical aircraft and can be deployed away from their home base on relatively short notice for long periods of time. This respon- siveness provides MAGTF planners with flexibil- ity in terms of scheduling and basing detachments, provided OSA operations will be conducted in low threat environments. If the OSA detachment is required to be forward deployed near potential threats, force protection measures must address security considerations at the base, in billeting, and in air operations. The MAGTF planners should avoid scheduling Marine Corps OSA assets in a predictable and repetitive manner (i.e., same routes, same time every day) as a way to simplify air tasking order productions. Scheduling mis- sions at night should be considered to complicate enemy antiaircraft visual target acquisition. Air planners should also consider the strengths of each OSA aircraft. The relative strength of a jet like the UC-35D is high true airspeed (400 knots plus); therefore, it has the ability to cover dis- tances rapidly. The strength of a turboprop air- craft like the UC-12W is its ability to lift larger payloads over short distances more efficiently than the jet, where the turboprop speed limit of 280 knots is not the limiting factor. Planners should seek to use these complementary capabili- ties by assigning aircraft like the UC-12W to make short-haul lifts between forward bases and airports of debarkation, while using the speed of the UC-35D for longer distance missions. This optimizes the capabilities of each aircraft and allows assignment of subsequent missions within a crew duty day. Marine Corps OSA aircraft equipped with ASE have protection against man-portable, surface-to- air infrared missiles. However, even when equipped with ASE, Marine Corps OSA aircraft are vulnerable to enemy air-to-air and surface-to- air threats. The OSA aircraft are not designed to operate against enemy integrated air defense systems. The MAGTF planners should account for 3-2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 these limitations by assigning Marine Corps OSA missions in low threat environments where the combatant commands or the MAGTF have established air supremacy or air superiority, where enemy integrated air defenses have been defeated or suppressed, and where airfields intended for use are not within the range of known enemy fires. Enhancement of MAGTF Operations While conducting air logistic support operations, OSA significantly enhances the MAGTF com- mander’s transportation capabilities in the fol- lowing ways:  Conducting air logistic support operations between and within theaters of war, under most weather conditions.  Influencing the operating tempo of friendly operations by moving key personnel through- out the theater and through enhanced C2 and communications systems.  Moving high priority tactical and support per- sonnel and cargo over great distances.  Enhancing the C2 process and communications system support.  Moving high priority supplies and equipment necessary to sustain combat power and assets.  Moving critical repair parts quickly to increase or sustain the combat power and efficiency of the force.  Conducting casualty evacuation and personnel replacement operations.  Operating at low cost.  Possessing exceptionally high mission reliabil- ity rates.  Requiring low maintenance man hours per flight hour.  Providing efficient, commercially-based air- crew transition training.  Deploying a small logistic footprint.  Displaying an unassuming profile at foreign airports. Limitations and Other Considerations When planning Marine Corps OSA aircraft detachment employment, the MAGTF com- mander should be aware of the following operat- ing limitations of the aircraft:  Vulnerable to air-to-air threats and surface-to- air antiaircraft artillery fires.  Limited organic logistic resources:  Limited fly-in support package parts and consumables.  Access to theater airports of debarkation to receive parts from CONUS is required.  No food service or water storage capability. Food service is required to support 24-hour operations.  Limited capability to secure proposed assem- bly areas requires:  Established bases with force protection capa- bilities.  Collocation with appropriate security forces.  Limited Class III bulk capacity, theater support is required.  Contracted logistics support (CLS) airframe and powerplant (A&P) mechanics are required:  Civilian employees trained to work on OSA aircraft.  Depending on the contract that the Govern- ment obtains for support, maintainers may have limits regarding the operating environ- ments and threats in which they can operate. Other considerations are as follows:  Although capable of responding with minimal notification, OSA missions should allow for adequate planning and coordination time to capitalize fully on OSA capabilities.  Adverse environmental conditions (e.g., high temperatures, high density altitudes, sand storms, zero-zero ceiling, visibility weather conditions) may reduce the aircraft maximum payload and range capabilities or preclude crews from performing missions. Operational Support Airlift _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3-3  Terrain and aircraft performance may limit the availability of adequate airfields. Obstacles in the immediate vicinity of an airfield may exceed aircraft ability to climb or descend safely, in spite of adequate runway length available to conduct air operations.  Marine Corps OSA detachments must be m a n n e d i n o r d e r t o c o n d u c t 2 4 - h o u r operations. For a light lift OSA detachment (UC-12W, UC-35D), the following guidelines apply:  For a single aircraft detachment: five pilots and two transport aircrew enable three sor- ties in a 24-hour period.  For a two-aircraft detachment: seven pilots and three transport aircrew enable six sorties in a 24-hour period.  Up to five CLS A&P mechanics are required to support a Marine Corps OSA detachment.  For intertheater missions with C-9B or C-20G aircraft, flight crews may be augmented to extend the crew duty day, but Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standard- ization (NATOPS) crew rest requirements will call for additional crew rest after the aircraft reaches its destination at the end of the extended crew duty day. Consult the specific NATOPS for augmented crew operations and crew duty day discussion.  If the aircraft is deployed a significant distance from commercially accessible fields or USTRANSCOM theater aerial ports of debar- kation, the speed of spare parts delivery to a forward-deployed OSA detachment can increase the time the aircraft is not mission capable. Training The goal of Marine Corps aviation is to attain and maintain combat readiness to support expedition- a r y m a n e u v e r w a r f a r e w h i l e c o n s e r v i n g resources. Aircrew training for each Marine Corps OSA aircraft type is governed by that model’s training and readiness (T&R) manual as specified in the following Navy/Marine Corps departmental publications (NAVMCs):  NAVMC 3500.31A, C-9B Training and Readi- ness (T&R) Manual.  NAVMC 3500.92, UC-35C/D T&R Manual.  NAVMC 3500.93, UC-20G Training and Readiness (T&R) Manual.  NAVMC 3500.102, UC-12W T&R Manual. The standards established in the T&R program are validated by subject matter experts to maxi- mize OSA combat capabilities. The T&R stan- dards define and describe Marine Corps OSA unit capabilities and individual requirements that air- crews require in order to attain and maintain pro- ficiency in mission skills and combat leadership. Marine Corps OSA pilots train to accomplish the wartime OSA mission. Marine Corps OSA pilots usually have more than two tours in the Marine Corps operating forces with duty involving flight operations. The OSA aircrew training progression is based on FAA-approved ground school and simulator training, followed by core skills and mission skills training at their units. The OSA pilots receive aircraft training (T&R 1000 phase) in contract civilian training courses. Contract training includes systems and aeronautical ground school, followed by a simulator syllabus. The T&R 2000 core skill phase training, 3000 mission skill phase training, 4000 core plus phase training, 5000 instructor phase training, and 6000 phase NATOPS and instrument qualification training are conducted in the OSA unit at the home station. This training continues in MAGTF exercises and at weapons schools such as Marine Aviation Weapons and Tactics Squadron-1. The OSA aircraft and crews also fly in support of named exercises, which gives the MAGTF staff experi- ence in using OSA and exercising command and control while training OSA units to support MAGTF operations. 3-4 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 Deployment Planning The recommended Marine Corps OSA detach- ment structure for deployment is based on past operational deployments. For light-lift detach- ments (UC-12W, UC-35D), a single aircraft needs five pilots, two enlisted transport aircrew, and one Marine operations clerk with military occupational specialty 7041. For a two-aircraft detachment, seven pilots, three aircrew, and two operations clerks are needed. Marine Corps OSA detachment aircraft maintenance is performed by CLS A&P mechanics. The CLS maintenance team consists of three to five A&P mechanics (each has security clearances and training to sup- port military radios and ASE); this includes ord- nance loading and unloading of ASE expendable munitions. When communications security is required by operations, the detachment must include the capability for electronic key manage- ment systems (EKMSs); this includes having a secure safe, an EKMS custodian, and a Marine avionics maintainer who is trained and certified to maintain the controlled materials account and to encode aircraft transponders and encrypt radios (see MCO 2281.1, Electronic Key Management Systems [EKMS] Policy). Due to the limited manpower assigned, Marine C o r p s O S A d e t a c h m e n t s a r e a s s i g n e d t o established bases, stations, or expeditionary airfields where the MAGTF ACE can provide adequate administrative support, information technology connectivity, maintenance support, and overall security. This does not relieve the M a r i n e C o r p s O S A d e t a c h m e n t o f r e - sponsibilities for information technology con- nectivity, maintenance support, and overall security. Detachment personnel must have a plan for these functions. Marine Corps OSA units are prepared to deploy, in part or in whole, with minimal notification. An up-to-date and current deployment plan is vital for successful OSA mission accomplishment. The f o l l o w i n g l i s t o f d e p l o y m e n t p l a n n i n g considerations is not all-inclusive; it should be reviewed regularly and revised as necessary. Contract maintenance plays a substantial role in t h e s u c c e s s o f a n y M a r i n e C o r p s O S A detachment and should be included in all phases of planning. Often, CLS requirements will drive the deployment timeline depending on the austerity of the proposed site, ground support equipment availability, and availability of military airlift support for the deployment into or out of theater. Additionally, personnel associated with contract support must be trained and provisioned as outlined in the following func- tional areas: Administration, S-1  Funding.  Orders (US, North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- tion, and allied countries status-of-forces agreements).  Passports and visas.  Generation and receipt of message traffic (to contain specific command relationship instruc- tions with the gaining force commander).  Appropriate unit diary entries.  Mail/deployment addresses.  Record of emergency data/casualty assistance call officer notification procedures.  Diplomatic clearances.  Country clearances.  Wills and powers of attorney.  Identification cards or security badges for con- tract support personnel.  Identification tags.  Transportation arrangements for advance party personnel. Intelligence Coordination, S-2  Predeployment training (e.g., antiterrorism, force protection, rules of engagement).  Verification of proper security classification requirements/levels.  Threat analysis; isolated personnel report cards; survival, evasion, resistance, and escape training/briefs.  Maps and charts for transit and the deployed operational area. Operational Support Airlift _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3-5  Method for securing and safeguarding classi- fied information, EKMS encryption devices, EKMS data, and ASE data management.  Standard operating procedures for disseminat- ing enemy threat and force protection informa- tion to detachment personnel. Operations, S-3  Letter of instruction/operation order production and submission.  Policies (e.g., standing operating procedures, mishap reporting, supporting and supported requirements).  Flight operations planning and scheduling:  Predesignated aircrews (i.e., pilots, transport aircrew, and mechanics).  Aircrew training.  Flight planning (e.g., optimum path aircraft routing system, reduced vertical separation minimum/required navigation performance requirements, radio compatibility, weather, maintenance sites en route, fuel availability/ payment en route).  Accounting/reporting of flight hours and fuel usage.  Flight publications for the en route phase and theater/country requirements.  Mission planning (e.g., aircraft routing, diplo- matic clearance, overflight clearance).  After action report production, submission, Marine Corps lessons learned submission.  C-9B/KC-130 lead/trail maintenance support.  Integration into gaining command:  ACE ATCO assigned to be tasking authority of Marine Corps OSA detachment.  Liaison with the combined air operations center/ATCO for inclusion on air tasking or- der and operational tasking.  Aircrew qualification/predeployment survival training/weapons cargo door and material han- dling training. Logistics and Supply, S-4  Personal gear and required combat equipment.  Required chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) protective equipment.  Embarkation planning.  Time-phased force and deployment data.  External agency lift in support of embarkation:  Marine Corps C-9B or KC-130J.  Materials handling equipment for pallet offload at the aerial port of debarkation (as required).  Facilities in theater (e.g., billeting, messing, work spaces, vehicles).  Weapons, force protection, aircraft security.  Crew and maintenance transportation require- ments (i.e., availability, contracting, or foreign license/driver training).  Power sources and compatibility for electron- ics (i.e., alternating current, dry cell battery, solar power generation, and traditional electric power generators).  Iridium satellite and/or host nation cellular telephone services.  Base radio and antennas.  Commercial package carrier availability/ account establishment.  Landing/parking fees, aircraft servicing fees, and payment capability.  Fueling considerations.  Class III supplies (i.e., petroleum, oils, and lubricants).  Office supplies. Safety and Standardization  Operational risk management, crew resource management, airfield site survey, and pre-mis- hap plan.  Crew rest issues associated with time zone changes.  Marine Corps OSA detachment must have at least one NATOPS instructor and one instru- ment flight board member.  Unit NATOPS program and aircrew must have current NATOPS inspections; comply with the guidance and provisions of OPNAVINST 3710.7; and comply with appropriate type, model, and/or series flight manual/pointer manual/original equipment manufacturer oper- ators manual. 3-6 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 Maintenance  Contracting officer’s representative for CLS contract administration.  Aircraft CLS maintenance contract support:  CLS civilian mechanics travel and remain with deployed aircraft.  Work visas, passports.  Immunizations.  Required personal protective and CBRN equipment.  Parts supply:  Replacement/repair parts fly-in support package.  Commercial package carriers/freight for- warding locations.  USTRANSCOM/Air Mobility Command theater aerial ports of debarkation.  Hangars and work spaces.  Hazardous materials requirement (i.e., spill, storage, and waste disposal).  Ordnance ready service locker requirements.  EKMS/communications security storage re- quirements.  Ground support equipment (e.g., tugs, tow bars, power carts).  Specific support equipment (e.g., test sets, air- craft specific tools).  Flight equipment (e.g., rafts, headsets, anti- exposure suits, emergency radios, personal sur- vival equipment vests).  Funding constraints/restraints with contractor (e.g., per diem limitations). Communications, S-6  Secure detachment communications for tele- phones and computers.  Printers, computers, and internet connectivity.  Connectivity to tactical air control center.  Connectivity to MAW/ACE ATCO.  Connectivity to Theater Battle Management Core System.  C2 connectivity to MAGTF ACE.  Connectivity to NIPRNET [Nonsecure Inter- net Protocol Router Network] and SIPRNET [SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network].  Provisions for SVOIP/VOIP [Secure Voice Over Internet Protocol/Voice Over Internet Protocol].  Secure video teleconference capability. Note: Use of secure information technology devices and EKMS assumes the Marine Corps OSA detachment is working from a se- cure allied or US-held airfield. Security of these devices must be ensured, to include ar- rangements for secure storage en route to the operational area and on base in theater. Medical  Records screening.  Medical predeployment briefing and first aid pack-up.  Personal immunizations, to include CLS civil- ian contractors.  Corpsman or flight surgeon to accompany or augment the Marine Corps OSA detachment (alternative: ensure access to same under the existing structure within the operational area).  Coordination for detachment personnel to have access to medical facilities.  Other predeployment medical requirements. A PPENDIX A O PERATIONAL SUPPORT A IRLIFT A IRCRAFT Contents UC-12F/M King Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 UC-12W King Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 UC-35C/D Citation/Encore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4 C-9B Skytrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5 C-20G Gulfstream IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6 A-2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 UC-12F/M King Air The UC-12 aircraft (both F and M models) is the military version of the Beechcraft BE-200 King Air. This workhorse of the OSA fleet is an all-metal, low-wing, T-tail, twin-engine turboprop, pressurized aircraft. Note: UC-12F and UC-12M do not have radios that can be encrypted. The aircraft are not equipped with IFF transponders capable of Mode IV and Mode V transmissions or aircraft survivability equipment. The aircraft and crews can provide support in CONUS or execute missions with allied nations where they will not be exposed to hostile fire. Passenger/cargo load 7 passengers with 400 pounds cargo Range 1,100 nautical miles Speed Cruises at 270 knots Maximum takeoff weight 12,500 pounds Ceiling 29,000 feet (limited due to RVSM [reduced vertical separation minimum]) Maintenance Contractor supported Power plant Two Pratt and Whitney PT6A-41/42 turboprop engines Thrust 850 shaft horsepower (each engine) Length 43 feet 10 inches Height 14 feet 6 inches Wingspan 54 feet 6 inches Operational Support Airlift ____________________________________________________________________________________ A-3 UC-12W King Air The UC-12W aircraft is the military version of the Beechcraft BE-350ER Super King Air. This aircraft replaces the legacy UC-12F/M aircraft, and it is faster, more capable, and has greater payload and range than the legacy UC-12 models. All UC-12W aircraft are equipped with a Mode V capable tran- sponder, ARC-210 with encryption capability, HF radio, TACAN [tactical air navigation], and aircraft survivability equipment. This aircraft can be deployed and used in support of MAGTF operations. It is designed for intratheater light lift missions and is protected with ASE. The aircraft and crews are capable of working within the MAGTF C2 architecture. Passenger/cargo load 8 passengers with 500 pounds cargo Range 1,500 nautical miles with wing tank fuel 2,000 nautical miles when equipped with extended range fuel tanks Speed Cruises at 280 knots Maximum takeoff weight 16,500 pounds Ceiling 35,000 feet Maintenance Contractor supported Power plant Two Pratt and Whitney PT6A-60A turboprop engines Thrust 1050 shaft horsepower (each engine) Length 46 feet 8 inches Height 14 feet 4 inches Wingspan 57 feet 11 inches A-4 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 UC-35C/D Citation/Encore The UC-35 is a medium-range jet aircraft. It is a commercial, off-the-shelf version of the Cessna Cita- tion 560 Ultra V (UC-35C) or Encore (UC-35D) twin-engine aircraft. The military version includes a wider door, Mode IV capable IFF transponder, AN/ARC-210 satellite communications with embedded encryption (KY-58 capable), DAMA [demand assigned multiple access] modem radio, high frequency radio, and flight phone. Six of the UC-35D aircraft are equipped with ASE. When equipped with ASE, the aircraft is deployable and can provide high speed intratheater light lift. This aircraft can be deployed and used in support of MAGTF operations. UC-35D aircraft and crews are capable of working within the MAGTF C2 architecture. Passenger/cargo load 7 passengers with 300 pounds cargo Range 1,400 nautical miles Speed Cruises at 400 knots Maximum takeoff weight 16,500/16,630 pounds Ceiling 45,000 feet Maintenance Contractor supported Power plant Pratt & Whitney JT15D-5D/PW535A Thrust 3,045/3,400 pounds (each engine) Length 48 feet 9 inches Height 15 feet Wingspan 52 feet 2 inches Operational Support Airlift ____________________________________________________________________________________ A-5 C-9B Skytrain The C-9B is a twin-engine, T-tailed, medium-range, swept-wing jet aircraft that is the military version of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9. The Marine Corps operates two C-9B aircraft, which were introduced in 1975. The C-9B Skytrain is used for fleet logistic support and intertheater and intratheater airlift. The C-9B is not equipped with ASE and must limit operations to avoid threats. Passenger/cargo load Passenger configuration: 90 passengers with no pallets. All cargo configuration: 6 pallets (20,000 pounds) Range More than 1,739 nautical miles, but with very limited useful load. Can range Hawaii from California with 20 passengers. Speed Cruises at 438 knots Maximum takeoff weight 108,000 pounds Ceiling 35,000 feet Maintenance US Marine Corps Power plant Two Pratt and Whitney JT8D-9A turbofan engines Thrust 14,500 pounds (each engine) Length 119 feet 3 inches Height 27 feet 5 inches Wingspan 93 feet 3 inches A-6 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 C-20G Gulfstream IV The C-20G is a Gulf Stream IV aircraft manufactured by the Gulf Stream Aerospace Corporation. The C-20G is capable of all-weather, long-range, high speed, nonstop flights between nominally suited air- ports and is ASE equipped. The aircraft may be configured for cargo operations, passenger operations, or a combination of both. The aircraft serves COMMARFORPAC, and Commander, MARFORCENT. It has intercontinental/ intertheater range and payload capabilities. Passenger/cargo load 26 passengers or 6,000 pounds of cargo (other combinations available) Range 4,220 nautical miles Speed Cruises at 460 knots Maximum takeoff weight 73,200 pounds Ceiling 45,000 feet Maintenance Lear Siegler Inc. Power plant Two Rolls-Royce Tay MK611 turbofan engines Thrust 13,850 pounds (each engine) Length 88 feet 4 inches Height 24 feet 6 inches Wingspan 77 feet 10 inches A PPENDIX B O PERATIONAL S UPPORT A IRLIFT O RGANIZATIONAL S TRUCTURE MARFORPAC MARFORCOM DC I&L DC AVN I MEF II MEF III MEF COMMCICOM MCAS CHERRY POINT VMR-1 (2) C-9B (2) UC-35D MCAS NEW RIVER H&HS NEW RIVER (2) UC-12F MCAS BEAUFORT H&HS BEAUFORT (2) UC-12M MCAS MIRAMAR H&HS MIRAMAR (1) UC-12W (2) UC-35D MCAS YUMA H&HS YUMA (2) UC-12F MCAS KANEOHE BAY (1) C-20G MCAS IWAKUNI H&HS IWAKUNI (2) UC-12W MCAS FUTENMA H&HS FUTENMA (1) UC-12W (3) UC-35D JOINT BASE ANDREWS NAF VMR ANDREWS (3) UC-35D NAS JRB NEW ORLEANS VMR BELLE CHASSE (2) UC-12W (2) UC-35C MARFORRES Supporting/Supported Command Coordination LEGEND COMMCICOM DC AVN DC I&L JRB MARFORCOM MARFORPAC MARFORRES MCB MEF NAF NAS PAC Commander, Marine Corps Installations Command Deputy Commandant for Aviation Deputy Commandant for Installations and Logistics joint reserve base United States Marine Corps Forces Command United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific United States Marine Corps Forces Reserve Marine Corps base Marine expeditionary force naval air facility naval air station Pacific MCI EAST MCI WEST MCI PAC 4TH MAW B-2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 This Page Intentionally Left Blank A PPENDIX C DD FORM 2768, M ILITARY A IR P ASSENGER /C ARGO R EQUEST C-2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 Front Operational Support Airlift ____________________________________________________________________________________ C-3 Back C-4 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 This Page Intentionally Left Blank A PPENDIX D POINTS OF C ONTACT Validators and Schedulers Unit Contacts Model Managers HQMC ASCO, Pentagon, Washington DC Comm: 703-697-2411/2412 DSN: 227 VMR Andrews JRB Andrews NAF, MD (UC-35D) Comm: 240-857-4281 DSN: 857 C-9B CFLSW NAS JRB Fort Worth, TX Comm: 817-782-7800 DSN: 739 MCI EAST ATCO, MCAS Cherry Point Comm: 252-466-7147 DSN: 582 VMR-1, MCAS Cherry Point, NC (C-9B, UC-35D) Comm: 252-466-5745/4434 DSN: 582 UC-12F/M: CFLSW NAS JRB Fort Worth, TX Comm: 817-782-7800 DSN: 739 USMC Lead: H&HS New River 4th MAW ATCO Comm: 504-678-0535 DSN: 678 H&HS, MCAS New River (UC-12F) Comm: 910-449-6311 DSN: 752 UC-12W (USMCR): VMR Belle Chasse JRB New Orleans, LA Comm: 504-678-3470/3540 DSN: 678 MCI WEST ATCO Camp Pendleton Comm: (760) 763-6408/6409 DSN: 361 H&HS, MCAS Beaufort (UC-12) Comm: 843-228-6303 DSN: 335 C-20G CFLSW NAS JRB Fort Worth, TX Comm: 817-782-7800 DSN: 739 NALO (Schedules USMC C-20G) Comm: 504-678-5831 DSN: 678 VMR Belle Chasse JRB New Orleans, LA (UC-12W, UC-35C) Comm: 504-678-3470 DSN: 678 UC-35C/D: (USMCR) VMR Andrews JRB Andrews NAF, MD Comm: 240-857-4281 DSN: 857 MCI PAC ATCO DSN: 315-645-4035 H&HS, MCAS Yuma (UC-12F) Comm: 928-269-2207/2793 DSN: 269 USTRANSCOM JOSAC USMC Liaison Comm: 1-800-256-7609 DSN 770-6173 Miramar Flight Division, MCAS, Miramar (UC-12W, UC-35D) Comm: 858-577-4193/6/ DSN 267 MCAS Kaneohe Bay (C-20G) DSN: 315-457-1626 H&HS, MCAS Futenma (UC-12W, UC-35D) DSN: 315-636-3006 H&HS, MCAS Iwakuni (UC-12W) DSN: 315-253-4034 CFLSW—Commander, Fleet Logistics Support Wing Comm—commercial DSN—Defense Switch Network JRB—joint reserve base MCAS—Marine Corps air station NAF—naval air facility NAS—naval air station PAC—Pacific USMC—United States Marine Corps USMCR—United States Marine Corps Reserve D-2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 This Page Intentionally Left Blank G LOSSARY S ECTION I. A CRONYMS AND A BBREVIATIONS A&P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . airframe and powerplant ACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aviation combat element ASCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aviation Support Coordination Office (HQMC) ASE . . . . . . . . . . .aircraft survivability equipment ATCO . . . . . . . . Air Transportation Coordination Office C2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .command and control CBRN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear CLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . contracted logistic support COMMARFORPAC. . . . . . .Commander, United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific CONUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . continental United States DOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department of Defense DODD . . . . . . . . Department of Defense directive DODI . . . . . . Department of Defense instruction EKMS . . . . . . electronic key management system FAA . . . . . . . . . Federal Aviation Administration G-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . operations staff officer H&HS . . . . . . . . . . headquarters and headquarters squadron HQMC . . . . . . . . . . Headquarters, Marine Corps IFF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . identification, friend or foe JALIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . joint air logistic information system JFACC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . joint force air component commander JFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . joint force commander JOSAC . . . . . . . . . . . . Joint Operational Support Airlift Center (USTRANSCOM) JP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . joint publication JTF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . joint task force MAGTF . . . . . . . . . Marine air-ground task force MARFORCENT . . . . . . . . . United States Marine Corps Forces, Central Command MAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Marine aircraft wing MCAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine Corps air facility MCBJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine Corps Bases Japan MCI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Marine Corps installation MCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine Corps order MCWP . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine Corps warfighting publication NALO . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navy Air Logistics Office NATOPS. . . . . Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization NAVMC . . . . . Navy/Marine Corps departmental publication OCONUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . outside the continental United States OEF. . . . . . . . . . . . Operation Enduring Freedom OIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . officer in charge OIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation Iraqi Freedom OPNAVINST . . . . . . . Chief of Naval Operations instruction OSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .operational support airlift PUJC . . . . . . . . . . .priority, urgency, justification, and category S-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . personnel officer S-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . intelligence officer S-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . operations officer S-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .logistics officer S-6. . . . . . . . . . . . communications system officer T&R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . training and readiness turboprop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . turbo propeller US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States USTRANSCOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States Transportation Command VMR . . . . .Marine fixed-wing transport squadron WESTPAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Pacific Glossary-2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 SECTION II: D EFINITIONS aircraft survivability equipment—Equipment designed to make aircraft less vulnerable in threat environments. This equipment provides the oper- ator threat information and countermeasures that may be critical to survival via automatic or manual system operations. Also called ASE. (Proposed for inclusion in the next edition of MCRP 5-12C.) air logistic support—Support by air landing or airdrop, including air supply, movement of personnel, evacuation of casualties and enemy prisoners of war, and recovery of equipment and vehicles. (Proposed for inclusion in the next edition of MCRP 5-12C.) Air Mobi lity Command—The Ai r Force component command of the US Transportation Command. Also called AMC. (JP 1-02) assault support—The use of aircraft to provide tactical mobility and logistic support for the Marine air-ground task force, the movement of high priority cargo and personnel within the immediate area of operations, in-flight refueling, and the evacuation of personnel and cargo. Assault support is one of the six functions of Marine Corps aviation. (MCRP 5-12C) aviation combat element—The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is task-organized to conduct aviation opera- tions.The aviation combat element (ACE) provides all or a portion of the six functions of Marine Corps aviation necessary to accomplish the MAGTF’s mission. These functions are anti- air warfare, offensive air support, assault support, electronic warfare, air reconnaissance, and control of aircraft and missiles. The ACE is usually composed of an aviation unit headquar- ters and various other aviation units or their detachments. It can vary in size from a small aviation detachment of specifically required aircraft to one or more Marine aircraft wings. In a joint or multinational environment, the ACE may contain other Service or multinational forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. The ACE itself is not a formal command. Also called ACE. See also command element; ground combat element; logistics combat element; Marine air- ground task force; Marine expeditionary force. (MCRP 5-12C) casualty evacuation—The unregulated move- ment of casualties that can include movement both to and between medical treatment facilities. (JP 1-02) The movement of the sick, wounded, or injured. It begins at the point of injury or the onset of disease. It includes movement both to and between medical treatment facilities. All units have an evacuation capability. Any vehicle may be used to evacuate casualties. If a medical vehicle is not used it should be replaced with one at the first opportunity. Similarly, aeromedical evacuation should replace surface evacuation at the first opportunity. Also called CASEVAC. (MCRP 5-12C) classified information—Official information that has been determined to require, in the interest of national security, protection against unauthor- ized disclosure and which has been so desig- nated. (JP 1-02) command and control—The exercise of author- ity and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. (JP 1-02) The means by which a commander recognizes what needs to be done and sees to it that appropriate actions are taken. Command and control is one of the six warfighting functions. Also called C2. (MCRP 5-12C) command and control system—The facilities, equipment, communication, procedures, and personnel essential to a commander for planning, directing, and controlling operations of assigned and attached forces pursuant to the missions assigned. (JP 1-02) Operational Support Airlift ___________________________________________________________________________ Glossary-3 command element—The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is the headquarters. The command element is composed of the commander, general or executive and special staff sections, headquarters section, and requisite communications support, intelligence, and reconnaissance forces, necessary to accom- plish the MAGTF’s mission. The command element provides command and control, intelli- gence, and other support essential for effective planning and execution of operations by the other elements of the MAGTF. The command element varies in size and composition; and, in a joint or multinational environment, it may contain other Service or multinational forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. Also called CE. See also aviation combat element; ground combat element; logistics combat element; Marine air- ground task force; Marine expeditionary force. (MCRP 5-12C) continental United States—United States terri- tory, including the adjacent territorial waters, located within North America between Canada and Mexico. Also called CONUS. (JP 1-02) embarkation—The process of putting personnel and/or vehicles and their associated stores and equipment onto ships and/or aircraft. See also loading. (JP 1-02) force protection—Preventive measures taken to mitigate hostile actions against Department of Defense personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, and critical information. Also called FP. (JP 1-02) Actions or efforts used to safeguard own centers of gravity while protect- ing, concealing, reducing, or eliminating friendly critical vulnerabilities. Force protection is one of the six warfighting functions. (MCRP 5-12C) ground combat element—The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is task-organized to conduct ground operations. It is usually constructed around an infantry organiza- tion and can vary in size from a small ground unit of any type to one or more Marine divisions that can be independently maneuvered under the direction of the MAGTF commander. It includes appropriate ground combat and combat support forces, and in a joint or multinational environ- ment, it may also contain other Service or multi- national forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. The ground combat element itself is not a formal command. Also called GCE. See also aviation combat element; command element; logistics combat element; Marine air ground task force; Marine expeditionary force. (MCRP 5-12C) identification, friend or foe—A device that emits a signal positively identifying it as a friendly. Also called IFF. (JP 1-02) intertheater—Between theaters or between the continental United States and theaters. (JP 1-02) intertheater airlift—The common-user airlift linking theaters to the continental United States and to other theaters as well as the airlift within the continental United States. The majority of these air mobility assets is assigned to the Com- mander, United States Transportation Command. Because of the intertheater ranges usually involved, intertheater airlift is normally con- ducted by heavy, longer range, intercontinental airlift assets but may be augmented with shorter range aircraft when required. Formerly referred to as “strategic airlift.” (JP 1-02) intratheater—Within a theater. (JP 1-02) intratheater airlift—Airlift conducted within a theater. Assets assigned to a geographic combat- ant commander or attached to a subordinate joint force commander normally conduct intratheater airlift operations. Intratheater airlift provides air movement and delivery of personnel and equip- ment directly into objective areas through air landing, airdrop, extraction, or other delivery techniques as well as the air logistic support of all theater forces, including those engaged in combat operations, to meet specific theater objectives and requirements. During large-scale operations, US Glossary-4 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 Transportation Command assets may be tasked to augment intratheater airlift operations, and may b e t e m p o r a r i l y a t t a c h e d t o a j o i n t f o r c e commander. Formerly referred to as theater airlift. (JP 1-02) isolated personnel report—A Department of Defense Form (DD 1833) containing information designed to facilitate the identification and authentication of an isolated person by a recov- ery force. Also called ISOPREP. (JP 1-02) joint air logistic information system—The automated scheduling system utilized by all Services to provide validated airlift requests to the joint operational support airlift center for action. Also called JALIS. (MCRP 5-12C) joint force—A general term applied to a force composed of significant elements, assigned or attached, of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander. (JP 1-02) joint force air component commander—The commander within a unified command, subordi- nate unified command, or joint task force respon- s i b l e t o t h e e s t a b l i s h i n g c o m m a n d e r f o r recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking air forces; planning and coordinating air operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFACC. (JP 1-02) joint force commander—A general term applied t o a c o m b a t a n t c o m m a n d e r , s u b u n i f i e d commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. (JP 1-02) Joint Operational Support Airlift Center—The United States Transportation Command joint scheduling activity assigned responsibility to schedule all valid continental United States oper- ational support airlift requests and coordinate requirements with the requester and reporting custodian of operational support airlift aircraft on all scheduled missions. Also called JOSAC. (This modification is proposed for inclusion in the next edition of MCRP 5-12C.) line of communications—A route either land, water, and/or air, that connects an operating mili- tary force with a base of operations and along which supplies and military forces move. Also called LOC. (JP 1-02) loading—The process of placing personnel, materiel, supplies, and other freight on board ships, aircraft, trains, road vehicles, or other means of conveyance. See also embarkation. (Proposed for inclusion in the next edition of MCRP 5-12C.) logistics combat element—The core element of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) that is task-organized to provide the combat service support necessary to accomplish the MAGTF’s mission. The logistics combat element varies in size from a small detachment to one or more Marine logistics groups. It provides supply, main- tenance, transportation, general engineering, health services, and a variety of other services to the MAGTF. In a joint or multinational environ- ment, it may also contain other Service or multi- national forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. The logistics combat element itself is not a formal command. Also called LCE. See also aviation combat element; command element; ground combat element; Marine air- ground task force; Marine expeditionary force. (MCRP 5-12C) logistic support—Support that encompasses the logistic services, materiel, and transportation required to support the continental United States- based and worldwide deployed forces. (JP 1-02) Marine air-ground task force—The Marine Corps’ principal organization for all missions across a range of military operations, composed of forces task-organized under a single commander Operational Support Airlift ___________________________________________________________________________ Glossary-5 capable of responding rapidly to a contingency anywhere in the world. The types of forces in the Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) are func- tionally grouped into four core elements: a command element, an aviation combat element, a ground combat element, and a logistics combat element. The four core elements are categories of forces, not formal commands. The basic structure of the MAGTF never varies, though the number, size, and type of Marine Corps units comprising each of its four elements will always be mission dependent. The flexibility of the organizational structure allows for one or more subordinate MAGTFs to be assigned. In a joint or multina- tional environment, other Service or multina- tional forces may be assigned or attached. Also called MAGTF. See also aviation combat element; command element; ground combat element; logistics combat element; Marine expeditionary force. Marine Corps operating forces—The Marine Corps forces (formally identified as Fleet Marine Forces in Title 10), the Marine Corps Reserve, Marine Corps security forces at Navy shore activ- ities, Marine Corps special activity forces, and Marine Corps combat forces not otherwise assigned. (MCRP 5-12C) Marine expeditionary force—The largest Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) and the Marine Corps’ principal warfighting organiza- tion, particularly for larger crises or contingen- cies. It is task-organized around a permanent command element and normally contains one or more Marine divisions, Marine aircraft wings, and Marine logistics groups. The Marine expedi- tionary force is capable of missions across a range of military operations, including amphibi- ous assault and sustained operations ashore in any environment. It can operate from a sea base, a land base, or both. In a joint or multinational environment, it may also contain other Service or multinational forces assigned or attached to the MAGTF. Also called MEF. See also aviation combat element; command element; ground combat element; logistics combat element; Marine air-ground task force. operational control—The authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designat- ing objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Also called OPCON. (JP 1-02) operational support airlift—Operational support airlift missions are movements of high- priority passengers and cargo with time, place, or mission-sensitive requirements. Operational support airlift aircraft are those fixed-wing aircraft acquired and/or retained exclusively for operational support airlift missions, as well as any other Department of Defense-owned or controlled aircraft, fixed- or rotary-wing, used for operational support airlift purposes. (JP 1-02) A special classification of airlift operations that moves high-priority passengers and cargo with time, place, or time-sensitive/mission-capable requirements. Operational support airlift opera- tions are normally conducted in direct support of the supported organization’s requirements. Also called OAS. (Proposed for inclusion in the next edition of MCRP 5-12C.) Service component command—A command consisting of the Service component commander and all those Service forces, such as individuals, units, detachments, organizations, and installa- tions under that command, including the support forces that have been assigned to a combatant command or further assigned to a subordinate unified command or joint task force. (JP 1-02) sortie—In air operations, an operational flight by one aircraft. (JP 1-02) true airspeed—Equivalent airspeed corrected for error due to air density (altitude and tempera- ture). (MCRP 5-12C) Glossary-6 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 United States Transportation Command—The unified command with the mission to provide strategic air, land, and sea transportation and c o m m o n - u s e r p o r t m a n a g e m e n t f o r t h e Department of Defense across the range of military operations. Also called USTRANSCOM. (JP 1-02) R EFERENCES AND R ELATED PUBLICATIONS Department of Defense Directives (DODDs) 4500.54E DOD Foreign Clearance Program (FCP) 4500.56 DOD Policy on the Use of Government Aircraft and Air Travel Department of Defense Instructions (DODI) 4500.43 Operational Support Airlift (OSA) Department of Defense Regulation (DODR) 4515.13-R Air Transportation Eligibility Joint Publication (JPs) 1 Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States 1-02 Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms 3-17 Air Mobility Operations Chief of Naval Operations Instructions (OPNAVINSTs) 3710.7 NATOPS General Flight and Operating Instructions 3750.6R Naval Aviation Safety Program 3500.39C Operational Risk Management (ORM) 4631.2D Management of Department of the Navy (DON) Airlift Assets 5530.13 Department of the Navy Physical Security Instruction for Conventional Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives (AA&E) 8020.14 Department of the Navy Explosives Safety Program Marine Corps Warfighting Publications (MCWPs) 3-24 Assault Support 3-40.8 Marine Corps Componency Marine Corps Reference Publications (MCRPs) 5-12A Operational Terms and Graphics 5-12C Marine Corps Supplement to the Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms Marine Corps Orders (MCOs) 2281.1 Electronic Key Management Systems (EKMS) Policy 3500.27A Operational Risk Management (ORM) References-2 __________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-27 4631.10A Operational Support Airlift Management P8020.10B Marine Corps Ammunition Management and Explosives Safety Policy Manual P8020.11 DON Explosives Safety Policy 8023.3B Personnel Qualification and Certification Program for Class V Ammunition and Explosives Navy/Marine Corps Departmental Publications (NAVMCs) NAVMC 3500.31A, C-9B Training and Readiness (T&R) Manual NAVMC 3500.92, UC-35C/D T&R Manual NAVMC 3500.93, UC-20G Training and Readiness (T&R) Manual NAVMC 3500.102, UC-12W T&R Manual NATO Standardization Agreements (STANAGs) 3345 Data/Forms for Planning Air Movements 3465 Safety, Emergency and Signaling Procedures for Military Air Movement 3543 Air Transport Cargo/Passenger Handling System – Request for Information 3739 Combined Air Terminal Operations 3771 Ground Security Measures Against Aircraft Sabotage/Hijacking 3998 TTP for NATO Air Transport Operations (Allied Tactical Publication 3.3.4.3) 7057 Exchange of Data on the Multi-Modal Documentation of Cargo 7207 Allied Doctrine for Air Transport (Allied Tactical Publication-3.3.4 Volume 1) Allied Doctrine for Air-to-Air Refueling (Allied Tactical Publication-3.3.4 Volume 2) 7213 Air Transport Air Movement Operations (Allied Tactical Publication 3.3.4.1)