CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE NORMAL PROCEDURES

and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment, and proper fuel grade. If water is observed, take further samples until clear and then gently rock wings and lower tail to the ground to move any additional contaminants to the sampling points. Take repeated samples from all fuel drain points until all contamination has been removed. If contaminants are still present, refer to WARNING below and do not fly airplane. WARNING. IF, AFTER REPEATED SAMPLING, EVIDENCE OF CONTAMINATION STILL EXISTS, THE AIRPLANE SHOULD NOT BE FLOWN. TANKS SHOULD BE DRAINED AND SYSTEM PURGED BY QUALIFIED MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL. ALL EVIDENCE OF CONTAMINATION MUST BE REMOVED BEFORE FURTHER FLIGHT. 4. Fuel Quantity -- CHECK VISUALLY for desired level. 5. Fuel Filler Cap -- SECURE and VENT UNOBSTRUCTED. (5) NOSE 1. Engine Oil Level -- CHECK, do not operate with less than five quarts. Fill to eight quarts for extended flight. RAFA Procedure: If below 6 quarts – add 1 quart. 2. Before first flight of the day and after each refueling, pull out strainer drain knob for about four seconds to clear fuel strainer of possible water and sediment. Check strainer drain closed. If water is observed, the fuel system may contain additional water, and further draining of the system at the strainer, fuel tank sumps, and fuel selector valve N-3 the system at the strainer, fuel tank sumps, and fuel selector valve drain plug will be necessary. If water is observed, take further samples until clear and then gently rock wings and lower tail to the ground to move any additional contaminants to the sampling points. Take repeated samples from all fuel drain points until all contamination has been removed. If contaminants are still present, refer to WARNING above and do not fly airplane. 3. Engine Cooling Air Inlets -- CLEAR of obstructions. 4. Propeller and Spinner -- CHECK for nicks and security. 5. Landing Lights -- CHECK for condition and cleanliness. 6. Carburetor Air Filter -- CHECK for restrictions by dust or other foreign matter. 7. Nose Wheel Strut and Tire -- CHECK for proper inflation of strut and general condition (weather checks, tread depth and wear, etc...) of tire. 8. Nose Tie-Down (if installed) – DISCONNECT. 9. Static Source Opening (left side of fuselage) -- CHECK for stoppage. (6) LEFT WING 1. Main Wheel Tire -- CHECK for proper inflation and general condition (weather checks, tread depth and wear, etc...). 2. Before first flight of the day and after each refueling, use sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank sump quick- drain valve to check for water, sediment and proper fuel grade. If water is observed, take further samples until clear and then gently rock wings and lower tail to the ground to move any additional contaminants to the sampling points. Take repeated samples from all fuel drain points until all contamination has been removed. If contaminants are still present, refer to WARNING above and do not fly airplane. 3. Fuel Quantity -- CHECK VISUALLY for desired level. 4. Fuel Filler Cap -- SECURE and VENT UNOBSTRUCTED. (7) LEFT WING Leading Edge 1. Pitot Tube Cover – Verify REMOVED and check opening for stoppage. 2. Fuel Tank Vent Opening -- CHECK for stoppage. 3. Stall Warning Opening -- CHECK for stoppage. To check the system, place a clean handkerchief over the vent opening and apply suction; a sound from the warning horn will confirm system operation. 4. Wing Tie-Down -- DISCONNECT. (8) LEFT WING Trailing Edge 1. Aileron-- CHECK for freedom of movement and security. 2. Flap -- CHECK for security and condition. N-4 CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE NORMAL PROCEDURES CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE NORMAL PROCEDURES STARTING PREPARE FOR STARTING 1. Surrounding Area -- CHECK for personnel and hazards. REMOVE chocks and tow bar. MOVE aircraft to avoid propwash on parking area/hangar if required. 2. Master Switch -- ON. 3. Avionics Power Switch -- ON. 4. Radios -- SET (comm and nav) 5. Weather -- CHECK (ATIS/ASOS/AWOS) 6. Avionics Power Switch -- OFF 7. Master Switch -- OFF 8. Passenger Briefing -- COMPLETE. 9. Flight Plan -- Open BEFORE STARTING ENGINE 1. Preflight Inspection -- COMPLETE. 2. Seats, Seat Belts, Shoulder Harnesses -- ADJUST and LOCK. 3. Brakes -- TEST and SET. 4. Circuit Breakers -- CHECK IN. NOTE The GFC 500 Auto Pilot has safety-enhancing technolo- gies (EST) that will automatically engage if bank exceeds ~45°, pitch exceeds ~16°, or airspeed falls below ~55 kts. Extended periods of manually overriding EST control forces will damage the autopilot. Training flights planning to exceed any EST limit should pull-out (disengage) the autopilot circuit breaker or turn EST off. Reengage EST after training is completed. 5. Electrical Equipment -- OFF. CAUTION. The avionics master switch must be OFF during engine start to prevent possible damage to avionics. 6. Avionics Power Switch -- OFF. 7. Fuel Selector Valve – BOTH. N-5 STARTING ENGINE 1. Mixture -- RICH. 2. Carburetor Heat -- COLD. 3. Master Switch -- ON. 4. Flashing Beacon -- ON. 5. Navigation Lights -- ON for night operations. 6. Prime -- AS REQUIRED (2 to 6 strokes; none if engine is warm). 7. Throttle -- OPEN 1/8 INCH. 8. Propeller Area -- SHOUT “CLEAR PROP” and check propeller area. 9. Ignition Switch -- START (release when engine starts). 10. Throttle -- 1200 RPM. 11. Oil Pressure -- CHECK. 12. Navigation Lights -- ON as required. 13. Avionics Power Switch -- ON. 14. Transponder -- SQUAWK 1200 ALT or ATC assigned code. 15. Flaps -- RETRACT (verify visually). TAXI – Review checklist before movement, do not read while taxiing. 1. Throttle -- Maintain 1200 RPM for ground operations. 2. Radio -- REQUEST TAXI CLEARANCE or announce intentions. 3. Brakes -- CHECK during initial movement. 4. Nose Wheel Steering -- CHECK. 5. Ailerons -- POSITION for crosswind taxi. 6. Flight Instruments -- CHECK for proper movement during taxi. N-6 CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE NORMAL PROCEDURES CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE NORMAL PROCEDURES BEFORE TAKEOFF 1. Parking Brake -- SET. 2. Cabin Doors and Window(s) -- CLOSED and LOCKED. 3. Seats, Seat Belts, Shoulder Harnesses -- CHECK SECURE. 4. Flight Controls -- FREE and CORRECT. 5. Flight Instruments -- SET. 6. Fuel Quantity -- CHECK. 7. Fuel Selector Valve -- BOTH. 8. Mixture -- RICH (below 3000 feet). 9. Throttle -- 1700 RPM. a. Magnetos -- CHECK (RPM drop should not exceed 125 RPM on either magneto or 50 RPM differential between magnetos). b. Carburetor Heat -- CHECK (for RPM drop). c. Engine Instruments and Ammeter -- CHECK. 10. Throttle -- 1200 RPM. 11. Throttle Friction Lock -- ADJUST. 12. Flashing Beacon and Navigation Lights -- ON as required. 13. Strobe Lights -- ON. 14. Radios and Avionics -- SET (Program GPS if needed). 15. Autopilot -- OFF. 16. Elevator Trim -- SET for Takeoff. 17. Wing Flaps -- SET for Takeoff. 18. Radio -- REQUEST TAKEOFF CLEARANCE or announce intentions. 19. Brakes -- RELEASE. TAKEOFF NORMAL TAKEOFF 1. Wing Flaps – UP. 2. Carburetor Heat – COLD. 3. Throttle -- FULL OPEN. 4. Mixture -- RICH (above 3000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM). 5. Elevator Control -- LIFT NOSE WHEEL (at 55 KIAS). 6. Climb Speed -- 70-80 KIAS. N-7 SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF 1. Wing Flaps -- 10°. 2. Carburetor Heat – COLD. 3. Brakes -- APPLY. 4. Throttle -- FULL OPEN. 5. Mixture -- RICH (above 3000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM). 6. Brakes -- RELEASE. 7. Elevator Control -- SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW. LIFT NOSE WHEEL (at 52 KIAS*). 8. Climb Speed -- 57 KIAS* (until all obstacles are cleared). 9. Wing Flaps -- RETRACT slowly (after reaching 65 KIAS and clear all obstacles). * At max gross weight SOFT FIELD TAKEOFF 1. Wing Flaps -- 10°. 2. Elevator -- FULL AFT 3. Throttle -- FULL OPEN (slowly). 4. Mixture -- RICH (above 3000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM). 5. Roll -- Maintain nose-high attitude with minimum weight on nose wheel. 6. Elevator Control -- LIFT AIRCRAFT off ground as soon as practical. LEVEL AIRCRAFT just above runway surface. ACCELERATE to appropriate airspeed for climb. 7. Wing Flaps -- RETRACT slowly (after reaching 65 KIAS and 50 feet). ENROUTE CLIMB 1. Airspeed -- 75-85 KIAS. NOTE If a maximum performance climb is necessary, use speeds shown in the Rate of Climb chart in Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) Section 5. However, the performance specified in POH Section 5 may be inaccurate because this airplane was upgraded to a 180 hp engine instead of a 160 hp engine on which Section 5 data are based. 2. Throttle -- FULL OPEN. 3. Mixture -- RICH (above 3000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM). N-8 CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE NORMAL PROCEDURES CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE NORMAL PROCEDURES CRUISE 1. Power -- 2200-2700 RPM (No more than 75% is recommended). 2. Elevator Trim -- ADJUST. 3. Mixture -- LEAN. DESCENT 1. Mixture -- ADJUST for smooth operation (full rich for idle power). 2. Power -- AS DESIRED. 3. Carburetor Heat -- AS REQUIRED (to prevent carburetor icing). BEFORE LANDING 1. Seats, Seat Belts, Shoulder Harnesses -- SECURE. 2. Fuel Selector Valve -- BOTH. 3. Mixture -- RICH. 4. Carburetor Heat -- ON (apply full heat before closing throttle). 5. Autopilot -- OFF. LANDING NORMAL LANDING 1. Airspeed -- 65-75 KIAS (flaps UP). 2. Wing Flaps -- AS DESIRED (0-10° below 110 KAIS, 10°-30° below 85 KIAS). 3. Airspeed -- 60-70 KIAS (flaps DOWN). 4. Touchdown -- MAIN WHEELS FIRST. 5. Landing Roll -- LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY. 6. Braking -- MINIMUM REQUIRED. N-9 SHORT FIELD LANDING 1. Airspeed -- 60-70 KIAS (flaps UP) – Normal. 2. Wing Flaps -- FULL DOWN (30°). 3. Airspeed -- 60 KIAS (until flare). 4. Power -- REDUCE to idle after clearing obstacle. 5. Touchdown -- MAIN WHEELS FIRST. 6. Brakes -- APPLY HEAVILY – DO NOT LOCK THE BRAKES. 7. Wing Flaps -- RETRACT. 8. Elevator -- FULL NOSE UP (once firmly on ground). SOFT FIELD LANDING 1. Airspeed -- 65-75 KIAS (flaps UP). – Normal. 2. Wing Flaps -- FULL DOWN (30°). 3. Airspeed -- 60-70 KIAS (flaps DOWN). 4. Power -- 1200-1300 RPM at touchdown. 5. Touchdown -- SOFTLY ON MAIN WHEELS FIRST. 6. Power – IDLE. 7. Rollout -- Maintain nose-high attitude with minimum weight on nose wheel. 8. Brakes -- NONE unless absolutely necessary. BALKED LANDING 1. Throttle -- FULL OPEN. 2. Carburetor Heat -- COLD. 3. Wing Flaps -- 20° (immediately). 4. Climb Speed -- 55 KIAS. 5. Wing Flaps -- 10° (until obstacles are cleared). RETRACT SLOWLY after reaching a safe altitude and 65 KIAS. N-10 CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE NORMAL PROCEDURES CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE NORMAL PROCEDURES AFTER LANDING 1. Wing Flaps -- UP. 2. Carburetor Heat -- COLD. 3. Strobe Lights -- OFF. SECURING AIRPLANE 1. Parking Brake -- SET as required. 2. Transponder -- 1200. 3. Electrical Equipment -- OFF except Flashing Beacon and Navigation Lights at night. 4. Avionics Power Switch -- OFF. 5. Mixture -- IDLE CUTOFF (pulled full out). 6. Ignition Switch -- OFF. Place keys on glare shield. 7. Master Switch -- OFF. 8. Electrical Switches -- ALL OFF. 9. Fuel Selector Valve -- LEFT or RIGHT to prevent cross feeding. 10. Flight Plan -- CLOSE. 11. Control Lock -- INSTALL. SERVICE AIRPLANE 1. Main Gear -- CHOCK. 2. Grounding Wire -- CONNECT. 3. Ladder – POSITION. 4. Pump -- TURN ON AND ZERO COUNTER. 5. Refuel -- TO BOTTOM OF FILLER NECKS. 6. Counter -- NOTE fuel quantity for log. 7. Pump -- REPLACE HOSE AND TURN-OFF PUMP. 8. Grounding Wire – DISCONNECT. 9. Chocks -- REMOVE. 10. Tow Bar -- ATTACH. 11. Airplane -- MOVE TO PARKING SPOT. PARK AIRPLANE 1. Wings and Tail -- TIE DOWN. 2. Main Gear -- CHOCK. 3. Control Lock -- Verify INSTALLED. 4. Pitot Tube Cover, Nose Plugs, and Sun Screen -- INSTALL. 5. Hobbs, Tach, Fuel, and Oil -- RECORD. 6. Cabin -- CLEAN. 7. Flight Plan -- Verify CLOSED. 8. Doors -- LOCK. N-11 CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS page Engine Failures ……………………………………………….…… E-1 Engine Failure During Takeoff Roll ....................................... E-1 Engine Failure Immediately After Takeoff ……………….…... E-1 Engine Failure During Flight (Restart Procedures) …….…… E-1 Forced Landings .................................................................... E-2 Emergency Landing Without Engine Power …………….….. E-2 Precautionary Landing With Engine Power ………….….…… E-2 Ditching .................................................................................. E-3 Fires .......................................................................................... E-4 During Start On Ground ......................................................... E-4 Engine Fire In-Flight ............................................................... E-4 Electrical Fire In-Flight ............................................................ E-5 Cabin Fire .............................................................................. E-5 Wing Fire ............................................................................... E-6 Icing ........................................................................................ E-6 Inadvertent Icing Encounter .................................................. E-6 Static Source Blockage ............................................................ E-7 Landing With a Flat Tire ........................................................... E-7 Landing With a Flat Main Tire ............................................... E-7 Landing With a Flat Nose Tire .............................................. E-7 Electrical Power Supply System Malfunctions ……………...…. E-7 Over-Voltage Light Illuminates ..………………………….…… E-7 Ammeter Shows Discharge ……….………………………..…. E-8 E-i INTRODUCTION Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) Section 3 provides checklist and amplified procedures for coping with emergencies that may occur. Emergencies caused by airplane or engine malfunctions are extremely rare if proper preflight inspections and maintenance are practiced. Enroute weather emergencies can be minimized or eliminated by careful flight planning and good judgment when unexpected weather is encountered. However, should an emergency arise, the basic guidelines described below should be considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem. Emergency procedures associated with ELT and other optional systems can be found in POH Section 9. AIRSPEEDS FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION Engine Failure After Takeoff: Wing Flaps Up .......................................................... 70 KIAS Wing Flaps Down ..................................................... 65 KIAS Maneuvering Speed: 2550 Lbs …………………………………….……….… 105 KIAS 2150 Lbs …………………………………….……….… 95 KIAS 1750 Lbs …………………………………….……….… 85 KIAS Maximum Glide: 2550 lbs …………………………………….……….… 68 KIAS 2150 lbs …………………………………….……….… 62 KIAS 1750 lbs …………………………………….……….… 56 KIAS Precautionary Landing With Engine Power …………... 65 KIAS Landing Without Engine Power: Wing Flaps Up ........................................................... 70 KIAS Wing Flaps Down ....................................................... 65 KIAS E-ii CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES OPERATIONAL CHECKLISTS ENGINE FAILURES ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF RUN 1. Throttle -- IDLE. 2. Brakes-- APPLY. 3. Wing Flaps -- RETRACT. 4. Mixture -- IDLE CUT OFF. 5. Ignition Switch -- OFF. 6. Master Switch -- OFF. ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF 1. Airspeed -- 70 KIAS (flaps UP). 65 KIAS (flaps DOWN). 3. Mixture -- IDLE CUT OFF. 4. Fuel Selector Valve -- OFF 5. Ignition Switch -- OFF. 6. Wing Flaps -- AS REQUIRED. 7. Master Switch -- OFF. ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (Restart Procedures) 1. Airspeed -- 75 KIAS 2. Carburetor Heat -- ON. 3. Fuel Selector Valve -- BOTH. 4. Mixture -- RICH. 5. Ignition Switch -- BOTH (or START if propeller is stopped). NOTE If the propeller is windmilling, the engine should restart automatically within a few seconds. If the propeller has stopped (possible at low speeds), turn the ignition switch to START, advance the throttle slowly from idle and lean the mixture from full rich as required for smooth operation. 6. Primer – IN and LOCKED. E-1 FORCED LANDINGS EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 1. Seats, Seat Belts, Shoulder Harnesses -- SECURE. 2. Airspeed -- 70 KIAS (flaps UP). 65 KIAS (flaps DOWN). 3. Mixture -- IDLE CUT OFF. 4. Fuel Selector Valve -- OFF. 5. Ignition Switch -- OFF. 6. Wing Flaps -- AS REQUIRED (30° recommended). 7. Master Switch -- OFF (when landing is assured). NOTE With the master switch off, wing flaps cannot be extended or retracted. 8. Doors -- UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN. 9. Touchdown -- SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW. 10. Brakes -- APPLY HEAVILY. PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER 1. Seats, Seat Belts, Shoulder Harnesses -- SECURE. 2. Wing Flaps -- 20°. 3. Airspeed -- 65 KIAS. 4. Selected Field -- FLY OVER, noting terrain and obstructions, then retract flaps upon reaching a safe altitude and airspeed. 5. Electrical Switches -- OFF. 6. Avionics Power Switch -- OFF. 7. Wing Flaps -- 30° (on final approach). 8. Airspeed -- 65 KIAS. 9. Master Switch -- OFF. NOTE With the master switch off, wing flaps cannot be extended or retracted. 10. Doors -- UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN. 11. Touchdown -- SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW. 12. Ignition Switch -- OFF. 13. Brakes -- APPLY HEAVILY. E-2 CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DITCHING 1. Radio -- TRANSMIT MAYDAY on 121.5 MHz, giving location and intentions and SQUAWK 7700. 2. Heavy Objects (in baggage area) -- SECURE OR JETTISON. 3. Seats, Seat Belts, Shoulder Harnesses -- SECURE. 4. Wing Flaps -- 20° to 30°. 5. Power -- ESTABLISH 300 FT/MIN DESCENT AT 55 KIAS. NOTE If no power is available, approach at 70 KIAS with flaps up or at 65 KIAS with 10° flaps. 6. Approach -- High Winds, Heavy Seas -- INTO THE WIND. Light Winds, Heavy Swells -- PARALLEL TO SWELLS. 7. Cabin Doors -- UNLATCH. 8. Touchdown -- LEVEL ATTITUDE AT ESTABLISHED RATE OF DESCENT. 9. Face -- CUSHION at touchdown with folded coat. 10. Airplane -- EVACUATE through cabin doors. If necessary, open window and flood cabin to equalize pressure so doors can be opened. 11. Life Vests and Raft -- INFLATE WHEN CLEAR OF AIRPLANE. The aircraft cannot be depended on for flotation for more than a few minutes. E-3 FIRES DURING START ON GROUND 1. Cranking – CONTINUE, to get a start which would suck the flames and accumulated fuel through the carburetor and into the engine. If engine starts: 2. Power -- 1700 RPM for a few minutes. 3. Engine -- SHUTDOWN and inspect for damage. If engine fails to start: 4. Throttle -- FULL OPEN. 5. Mixture -- IDLE CUT-OFF. 6. Cranking -- CONTINUE. 7. Fire Extinguisher -- OBTAIN (have ground attendants obtain if not installed). 8. Engine -- SECURE. a. Master Switch -- OFF. b. Ignition Switch -- OFF. c. Fuel Selector Valve -- OFF. 9. Fire -- EXTINGUISH using fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or dirt. 10. Fire Damage -- INSPECT, repair damage or replace damaged components or wiring before conducting another flight. ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Mixture -- IDLE CUT OFF. 2. Fuel Selector Valve -- OFF. 3. Master Switch -- OFF. 4. Cabin Heat and Air -- OFF (except overhead vents). 5. Airspeed -- 100 KIAS (If fire is not extinguished, increase glide speed to find an airspeed - within airspeed limitations - which will provide an incombustible mixture). 6. Forced Landing -- EXECUTE (as described in Emergency Landing Without Engine Power). E-4 CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Master Switch -- OFF. 2. Avionics Power Switch – OFF. 3. All Other Switches (except ignition switch) -- OFF. 4. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat -- CLOSED. 5. Fire Extinguisher—ACTIVATE (if available). WARNING. After discharging an extinguisher within a closed cabin and ascertaining that fire has been extinguished, ventilate the cabin. If fire appears out and electrical power is necessary for continuance of flight to nearest suitable airport or landing area: 6. Master Switch -- ON. 7. Circuit Breakers -- CHECK for faulty circuit, do not reset. 8. Radio Switches -- OFF. 9. Avionics Power Switch -- ON. 10. Essential Radio/Electrical Switches -- ON one at a time, with delay after each until short circuit is localized. 11. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat -- OPEN when it is ascertained that fire is completely extinguished. CABIN FIRE 1. Master Switch -- OFF. 2. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat -- CLOSED (to avoid drafts). 3. Fire Extinguisher—ACTIVATE (if available). WARNING. After discharging an extinguisher within a closed cabin and ascertaining that fire has been extinguished, ventilate the cabin. 4. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat -- OPEN when it is ascertained that fire is completely extinguished. 5. Land the airplane as soon as possible to inspect for damage. E-5 WING FIRE 1. Navigation Light Switch -- OFF. 2. Pitot Heat Switch -- OFF. 3. Strobe Light Switch -- OFF. NOTE Perform a sideslip to keep the flames away from the fuel tank and cabin and land as soon as possible using flaps only as required for final approach and touchdown. ICING INADVERTENT ICING ENCOUNTER 1. Turn pitot heat switch ON. 2. Turn back or change altitude to obtain an outside air temperature that is less conducive to icing. 3. Pull cabin heat control full out and open defroster outlets to obtain maximum windshield defroster airflow. Adjust cabin air control to get maximum defroster heat and airflow. 4. Open the throttle to increase engine speed and minimize ice build- up on propeller blades. 5. Watch for signs of carburetor air filter ice and apply carburetor heat as required. An unexplained loss in engine speed could be caused by carburetor ice or air intake filter ice. Lean the mixture for maximum RPM, if carburetor heat is used continuously. 6. Plan a landing at the nearest airport. With an extremely rapid ice buildup, select a suitable "off airport" landing site. 7. With an ice accumulation of ¼ inch or more on the wing leading edges, be prepared for significantly higher stall speed and a longer landing roll. 8. Leave wing flaps retracted. With a severe ice buildup on the horizontal tail, the change in wing wake airflow direction caused by wing flap extension could result in a loss of elevator effectiveness. 9. Open left window and, if practical, scrape ice from a portion of the windshield for visibility in the landing approach. 10. Perform a landing approach using a forward slip, if necessary, for improved visibility. 11. Approach at 80 to 90 KIAS depending upon the amount of the accumulation. 12. Perform a landing in level attitude. E-6 CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CESSNA 172N – 180 hp – N739VE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES STATIC SOURCE BLOCKAGE (Erroneous Instrument Reading Suspected) 1. Alternate Static Source Valve -- PULL ON. 2. Airspeed -- Consult appropriate calibration tables in Pilot’s Operating Handbook Section 5. LANDING WITH A FLAT TIRE LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE 1. Approach -- NORMAL. 2. Wing Flaps -- 30°. 3. Touchdown -- GOOD MAIN TIRE FIRST, hold airplane off flat tire as long as possible with aileron control. 4. Directional Control -- MAINTAIN using brake on good wheel as required. LANDING WITH A FLAT NOSE TIRE 1. Approach -- NORMAL. 2. Flaps -- AS REQUIRED. 3. Touchdown -- ON MAINS, hold nose wheel off the ground as long as possible. 4. When nose wheel touches down, maintain full up elevator as airplane slows to stop. ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS OVER-VOLTAGE LIGHT ILLUMINATES 1. Avionics Power Switch -- OFF. 2. Master Switch -- OFF (both sides) for a few seconds. 3. Master Switch -- ON. 4. Over-Voltage Light -- OFF. 5. Avionics Power Switch -- ON. If over-voltage light illuminates again: 6. Flight -- TERMINATE as soon as possible E-7 AMMETER SHOWS DISCHARGE 1. Avionics Power Switch -- OFF. 2. Alternator Circuit Breaker -- CHECK IN. 3. Master Switch -- OFF (both sides) for a few seconds. 4. Master Switch -- ON. 5. Ammeter – SHOWS CHARGE. 6. Avionics Power Switch -- ON. If Ammeter still shows discharge: 7. Alternator -- OFF. 8. Nonessential Radio/Electrical Equipment -- OFF. 9. Flight -- TERMINATE as soon as practical. E-8