PA28-180 ARCHER II Quick Reference Handbook
Piper PA-28 Archer II · Normal Procedures
Overview
The PA28-180 Archer II Quick Reference Handbook provides essential normal and emergency procedures for operating the Piper PA-28 Archer II aircraft. This document is designed for pilots and includes detailed checklists and procedural steps to ensure safe and efficient flight operations. It covers preflight checks, engine start procedures, taxiing, takeoff, in-flight operations, and landing procedures, along with emergency protocols for various scenarios such as engine failure and electrical issues. The handbook emphasizes memory items and critical checks that pilots must perform before and during flight.
- Perform a thorough preflight check including fuel, oil, and control surfaces.
- Ensure oil pressure is in the green range within 10 seconds after starting the engine.
- Maintain safe airspeed and follow emergency procedures in case of engine power loss.
- Check all flight instruments and systems before takeoff, including magnetos and carburetor heat.
- Follow specific procedures for handling electrical failures and engine fires.
Document
Source
Originally published by sydneyaviators.com.au. Sprinkle hosts a reference copy with an added summary, specifications and searchable full text.
Document details
- Type
- Normal Procedures
- Pages
- 20
- File size
- 333 KB
- Publisher
- sydneyaviators.com.au
Most owners only have the POH. Here's the essential set for the Piper PA-28 Archer II.
- Pilot's Operating Handbook / AFM
- Checklist
- Maintenance Manual
- Parts Catalog (IPC)
- Systems & Wiring
- Service Bulletins
- Type Certificate (TCDS)
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- NSA MASTER CHECKLIST—REVISION 8Emergency Procedures
- AAIB Bulletin: 4/2011Maintenance Manual
- Cherokee Archer II Pilot’s Operating HandbookPilot's Operating Handbook
- PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK AND FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUALPilot's Operating Handbook
- Weight & Balance for the Piper PA-28 Archer IIWeight And Balance
- Performance Data for the Piper PA-28 Archer IIPerformance Data
- Avionics Manual for Piper PA-28 Archer IIAvionics Manual
- Pilot's Operating Handbook for the Piper PA-28 Archer IIPilot's Operating Handbook
- SpecificationsPerformance Data
- Pilot’s Operating Handbook for Piper PA-28-181, Cherokee Archer IINormal Procedures
In this document
Normal Procedures
This section outlines the standard operating procedures for the Piper PA-28 Archer II, including preflight checks, engine start, taxiing, takeoff, and landing. Each procedure is detailed with specific actions and checks to ensure safety and compliance with operational standards.
Preflight Check
The preflight check includes verifying the control wheel, avionics, master switch, fuel quantity, and ensuring the aircraft is free of damage and ice. Specific checks include fuel tank supply, tire inflation (main gear struts at 4.5 in., nose gear strut at 3.25 in.), and ensuring all control surfaces operate freely.
Before Start
Before starting the engine, pilots must complete a pre-flight and passenger brief, check the fuel selector, and ensure the master switch is on. The throttle should be set appropriately based on the engine temperature, and the electric fuel pump must be checked before starting.
After Start
After starting the engine, the oil pressure must be checked to ensure it is in the green range within 10 seconds. The throttle should be adjusted to maintain an RPM between 800 to 1200, and avionics should be turned on and checked.
Emergency Procedures
Emergency procedures include steps for handling engine fires during start, power loss during takeoff, and in-flight emergencies. Specific actions are outlined for each scenario, such as switching fuel selectors, adjusting mixture, and preparing for power-off landings.
Safety notes
- Always ensure the aircraft is free of ice, snow, and frost before flight.
- Monitor oil pressure closely after engine start; it should indicate green within 10 seconds.
- In case of engine power loss, maintain safe airspeed and prepare for a power-off landing.
Full document text
PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 1 PA28-180 ARCHER II Quick Reference Handbook ALL GREY SHADED AREAS ARE MEMORY ITEMS PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 2 Table of Contents Normal Procedures ................................................................................... 4 PREFLIGHT CHECK ................................................................................. 4 BEFORE START ....................................................................................... 6 FLOODED ENGINE START ...................................................................... 6 STARTING WITH EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE ........................................ 7 AFTER START ......................................................................................... 7 TAXI CHECKS.......................................................................................... 7 BEFORE TAKE OFF .................................................................................. 8 LINE UP ................................................................................................... 9 ROLLING CHECKS ................................................................................... 9 AFTER TAKE OFF .................................................................................... 9 TOP OF CLIMB ........................................................................................ 9 TOP OF DESCENT .................................................................................10 PRE LANDING CHECKS .........................................................................10 FINAL CHECKS ......................................................................................10 AFTER LANDING ...................................................................................11 STOPPING ENGINE ................................................................................11 SECURING AEROPLANE ........................................................................11 Abnormal Procedures .............................................................................12 ELECTRICAL FAILURE ...........................................................................12 ELECTRICAL OVERLOAD ......................................................................12 OPEN DOOR .........................................................................................13 ENGINE ROUGHNESS ............................................................................13 LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE / HIGH OIL TEMP ...........................................13 LOSS OF FUEL PRESSURE ......................................................................13 CARBURETOR ICING .............................................................................14 Emergency Procedures ...........................................................................15 ENGINE FIRE DURING START ...............................................................15 ENGINE POWER LOSS DURING TAKE OFF ............................................15 ENGINE POWER LOSS IN FLIGHT ..........................................................16 FIRE IN FLIGHT .....................................................................................17 SPIN RECOVERY ....................................................................................17 Basair SOP ................................................................................................18 PASSENGER BRIEF .................................................................................18 TAKE – OFF SAFETY BRIEF ...................................................................18 PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 3 DEPARTURE AND APPROACH BRIEF ....................................................18 STANDARD FLOW PROCEDURE............................................................19 SAMPLE PASSENGER BRIEF ...................................................................20 PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 4 Normal Procedures PREFLIGHT CHECK Control Wheel ................................................................... RELEASE BELTS Avionics ............................................................................................... OFF Master Switch ....................................................................................... ON Fuel Quantity Gauges .................................................................... CHECK Master Switch ...................................................................................... OFF Ignition ................................................................................................ OFF Exterior....................................................................CHECK FOR DAMAGE Control Surfaces ........................................... CHECK FOR INTERFERENCE FREE OF ICE, SNOW, FROST Hinges .......................................................... CHECK FOR INTERFERENCE Wings ..........................................................FREE OF ICE, SNOW, FROST Stall Warning .................................................................................. CHECK Tie Down & Chocks .....................................................................REMOVE Navigation & Other Lights............................................................. CHECK Fuel Tanks ............................. CHECK SUPPLY VISUALLY & SECURE CAPS Fuel Tank Sumps ............................................................................ DRAIN Fuel Vents ........................................................................................ OPEN Main Gear Struts ...........................................PROPER INFLATION (4.5in.) Tires ........................................................................................... CHECK Brake Blocks ................................................................................... CHECK
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Pitot Head ............................................ REMOVE COVER & HOLES CLEAR Windshield ............................................................CLEAN (INSIDE & OUT) Propeller & Spinner ........................................................................ CHECK Fuel & Oil..................................................................... CHECK FOR LEAKS Oil ................................................................................ CHECK LEVEL Dipstick ....................................................................... PROPERLY SEATED Cowling ......................................................................................... SECURE Inspection Covers ......................................................................... SECURE Nose Wheel Tyre ............................................................................ CHECK Nose Gear Strut ..........................................PROPER INFLATION (3.25in.) Air Inlets .......................................................................................... CLEAR Alternator Belt................................................................ CHECK TENSION Tow Bar & Control Locks ................................................................. STOW PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 5 Baggage......................................................... STOW PROPERLY & SECURE Baggage Door ................................................................ CLOSE & SECURE Fuel Strainer .................................................................................... DRAIN Primary Flight Controls ........................................... PROPER OPERATION Cabin Door .................................................................. CLOSED & SECURE Required Papers...................................................................... ON BOARD Seat Belts & Harness ................FASTEN/ADJUST & CHECK INERTIA REEL PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 6 BEFORE START Pre-Flight and Passenger Brief ................................................ COMPLETE Flight Authorisation................................................................. COMPLETE Maintenance Release ................................................ CHECKED & SIGNED Seats and Seat Belts.............................................. ADJUSTED & SECURED Fuel Selector ........................................ DESIRED TANK (LEFT OR LEAST) Radios / Avionics ................................................................................ OFF Circuit Breakers ..................................................................................... IN Master Switch ....................................................................................... ON Electric Fuel Pump ............................................................................... ON Fuel Pressure .............................................................................CHECKED Electric Fuel Pump .............................................................................. OFF Carburettor Heat.............................................................................. COLD Mixture ..................................................................................... FULL RICH Throttle ............................................. ¼” OPEN (COLD) ½” OPEN (HOT) Primer 1-3 STROKES (COLD) 0 (HOT) Park Brake ..................................................................................... SET ON Propeller Area ................................................................................. CLEAR »Proceed with after start« FLOODED ENGINE START Throttle ....................................................................................OPEN FULL Master Switch ....................................................................................... ON Electric Fuel Pump .............................................................................. OFF Mixture ................................................................................................ ICO Starter ......................................................................................... ENGAGE Mixture ...................................................................................... ADVANCE Throttle ........................................................................................ RETARD Oil Pressure ........................................................................ CHECK GREEN PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 7 STARTING WITH EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE Master Switch ...................................................................................... OFF All electrical Equipment ..................................................................... OFF Terminals .................................................................................. CONNECT External Power Plug .................................................INSERT IN FUSELAGE »Proceed with normal start« Throttle ................................................................ LOWEST POSSIBLE RPM External Power Plug ................................ DISCONNECT FROM FUSELAGE Master Switch ...................................................... ON / CHECK AMMETER Oil Pressure .................................................................................... CHECK AFTER START Starter ......................................................................................... ENGAGE Throttle ......................................................................................... ADJUST Oil Pressure ..................................... INDICATING GREEN WITHIN 10 SEC Avionics and Intercom............................................ ON / SET / CHECKED Alternator ................................................................................ CHARGING Lights ............................................................................. TAXI LIGHT ON Mixture ......................................................................................... LEANED Throttle .........................................................................800 to 1200 RPM Oil Pressure ....................................................................CHECKED GREEN TAXI CHECKS Brakes .......................................................................................CHECKED Flight Instruments ........................ TC, AH, DI AND COMPASS CHECKED PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 8 BEFORE TAKE OFF Do not proceed with run-ups unless the oil temperature is in the green Park Brake ............................................................................................ ON Fuel Selector ..................................................... RIGHT or FULLEST TANK Flight Instruments ...............................................................SET & CHECK Radios / Avionics ....................................................................... ON / SET Circuit Breakers ..................................................................................... IN Throttle Friction ..........................................................................SET FIRM Mixture .............................................................................................. RICH Throttle .....................................................................................2000 RPM Engine Instruments .......................................................CHECKED GREEN Magnetos ................................................................. MAX DROP 175 RPM MAX DIFF. 50 RPM Vacuum ............................................................................ 5.0” HG (+/- .1) Annunciator Panel ............................................................PRESS-TO-TEST Carburettor Heat..................................................................CHECK DROP Throttle Idle .............................................................CHECKED >600 RPM Throttle .....................................................................................1000 RPM Master Switch ....................................................................................... ON Electric Fuel Pump ............................................................................... ON Primer ................................................................................. IN & LOCKED Magnetos ......................................................................................... BOTH Controls .............................................................. FULL, FREE & CORRECT Flaps .................................................................. SET 0 OR 25 DEGREES Trim Tab....................................................................................... SET T/O Belts / Harnesses ..................................................................... FASTENED Empty Seats............................................ SEAT BELTS SNUGLY FASTENED Doors ....................................................................................... LATCHED Departure Brief ........................................................................ COMPLETE Take Off Safety Brief................................................................ COMPLETE PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 9 LINE UP Pitot Heat ..........................................................................................A/R Instruments ............................................................CHECK ALIGNMENT Switches ................................................................ LIGHTS / PUMPS A/R Transponder / Trim .....................................................ALT / TAKE OFF Altimeter ................................................................ WITHIN TOLERANCE ROLLING CHECKS Power .................................................................................. STATIC RPM Engine Instruments ..................................................................... GREEN Airspeed ...................................................................................... RISING AFTER TAKE OFF Gear ..................................................................................FIXED DOWN Flaps ..................................................................................................UP Power .............................................................................................. FULL Temperature and Pressure Indicators ...................... CHECKED GREEN Switches ............................................................................................OFF Mixture .................................................................................. FULL RICH Centreline ................................................................................ ALIGNED TOP OF CLIMB Fuel Log .................................................. COMPLETE / CORRECT TANK Mixture ............................................................... LEANED (AS PER POH) QNH .............................................................................................. AREA DI / Compass .......................................................................... ALIGNED Cowl Flaps ........................................................................................A/R Aids / Audio ....................... SOURCE / TUNED / IDENTIFIED / TESTED Radios ........................................................................... SET / CHECKED PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 10 TOP OF DESCENT Fuel Log ................................................................................... COMPLETE Mixture ..................................................................................... FULL RICH QNH ............................................................................................ LOCAL DI / Compass ............................................................................. ALIGNED Cowl Flaps ........................................................................................... A/R Aids / Audio ...........................SOURCE / TUNED / IDENTIFIED / TESTED Radios SET / CHECKED PRE LANDING CHECKS Brakes ..............................................................PRESSURE CHECKED & OFF Undercarriage ........................................................................ FIXED DOWN Mixture ............................................................................................... RICH Fuel ............................................................... ON & QUANTITY CHECKED Instruments ........................................... ALIGNED / WITHIN TOLERANCES Switches .................................................................... LIGHTS / PUMPS A/R Hatches & Harnesses ..................................................................... SECURE Pilot Activated Lighting................................. AD LIGHTING CONSIDERED FINAL CHECKS Pitch ........................................................................................... FULL FINE Undercarriage ........................................................................ FIXED DOWN Flaps .................................................................................................... A/R Carburettor Heat ............................................................................... COLD Check Windsock ..........................................................................CHECKED Clearance ................................................................................... OBTAINED PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 11 AFTER LANDING Transponder ..................................................................................... STBY Electric Fuel Pump .............................................................................. OFF Strobes & Landing light ...................................................................... OFF Taxi Light ............................................................................................. ON Mixture ......................................................................................... LEANED Trims ....................................................................................... NEUTRAL Flaps ...................................................................................RETRACTED STOPPING ENGINE Radios / Avionics ................................................................................ OFF Electric Fuel Pump .............................................................................. OFF Throttle ............................................................................. 800-1000 RPM Magnetos .............................................................................CHECK DROP Mixture ................................................................................................ ICO Magnetos ............................................................................................ OFF Master Switch ...................................................................................... OFF SECURING AEROPLANE Parking Brake .......................................................................................SET Control Wheel ............................................................................... SECURE Flaps ......................................................................................... FULL UP Wheel Chocks ............................................................................ IN PLACE Tie Downs & Covers ..................................................................... SECURE PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 12 Abnormal Procedures ELECTRICAL FAILURE ALT Annunciator Light Illuminated: Ammeter ............................................ CHECK TO VERIFY INOP. ALT If Ammeter Shows Zero: ALT Switch ...................................................................................OFF Reduce electrical loads to a minimum: ALT Circuit Breaker .......................... CHECK & RESET AS REQUIRED ALT Switch ....................................................................................ON If power not restored: ALT Switch ...................................................................................OFF If alternator output cannot be restored, reduce electrical load and land as soon as practicable. ELECTRICAL OVERLOAD (ALT OVER 20 AMPS ABOVE KNOWN ELECTRICAL LOAD) ALT Switch ....................................................................................ON BATT Switch .................................................................................OFF If alternator loads are reduced: Electrical loads.............................................. REDUCE TO MINIMUM Land as soon as practical. If alternator loads are not reduced: ALT Switch ...................................................................................OFF BATT Switch ................................................................. AS REQUIRED PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 13 OPEN DOOR To close door in flight: Slow aeroplane to 87 KIAS Cabin vents ........................................................................... CLOSED Storm Window........................................................................... OPEN If upper latch is open .............................................................LATCH If side latch is open ........................OPEN TOP LATCH, PUSH DOOR FURTHER OPEN, CLOSE RAPIDLY, LATCH TOP LATCH LATCH HANDLE TO LATCHED POSITION If both latches are open .................. LATCH SIDE, then LATCH TOP ENGINE ROUGHNESS Carburetor Heat ............................................................................ON If roughness continues for 1 minute: Carburetor Heat ...........................................................................OFF Mixture ......................................... ADJUDT FOR MAX SMOOTHNESS Electric Fuel Pump ........................................................................ON Fuel Selector ............................................................. SWITCH TANKS Engine Gauges ........................................................................CHECK Magneto Switch .........................................“L” then “R” then “BOTH” If operation is satisfactory on either one, continue on that magneto at reduced power and full “RICH” mixture to first airport. Prepare for power off landing. LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE / HIGH OIL TEMP Land as soon as possible and investigate cause. Prepare for power off landing. LOSS OF FUEL PRESSURE Electric Fuel Pump ........................................................................ON Fuel Selector ........................................... CHECK ON FULLEST TANK PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 14 CARBURETOR ICING Carburetor Heat ............................................................................ON Mixture ......................................... ADJUDT FOR MAX SMOOTHNESS PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 15 Emergency Procedures ENGINE FIRE DURING START Starter .............................................................................CRANK ENGINE Mixture ............................................................................ IDLE CUT-OFF Throttle .......................................................................................... OPEN Electric Fuel Pump ........................................................................... OFF Fuel Selector..................................................................................... OFF Abandon if fire continues ENGINE POWER LOSS DURING TAKE OFF If sufficient runway remains for a normal landing: Land straight ahead If insufficient runway remains: Maintain Safe Airspeed Make only shallow turn to avoid obstructions Flaps as situation requires If sufficient altitude has been gained to attempt a restart: Maintain safe airspeed Fuel Selector............................... SWITCH TO TANK CONTAINING FUEL Fuel Pump ..........................................................................................ON MixtureRICH Carburetor Heat .................................................................................ON Engine Gauges ..........................................CHECK FOR INDICATION OF CAUSE OF POWER LOSS Primer ..................................................................................... LOCKED If power is not regained, proceed with power off landing. PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 16 ENGINE POWER LOSS IN FLIGHT Fuel Selector ................................. SWITCH TO TANK CONTAINING FUEL Electric Fuel Pump ................................................................................ON Mixture ............................................................................................RICH Carburetor Heat ...................................................................................ON Engine Gauges .................. CHECKED FOR INDICATION OF POWER LOSS Primer .................................................................... CHECKED LOCKED If no fuel pressure indicated, check tank selector position to be sure it is on a tank containing fuel. If Power is Restored: Carburetor Heat ................................................................................. OFF Electric Fuel Pump .............................................................................. OFF If power is not restored prepare for power off landing & trim for 76 KIAS Power Off Landing: (Once committed to landing) Ignition ............................................................................................. OFF Master Switch ..................................................................................... OFF Fuel Selector ....................................................................................... OFF Mixture .............................................................................................. ICO Seatbelts and Harnesses ................................................................ TIGHT PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 17 FIRE IN FLIGHT Source of fire ................................................................................. CHECK ELECTRICAL FIRE (smoke in cabin): Master Switch ..................................................................................... OFF Air Vents OPEN Cabin Heat .......................................................................................... OFF Land as soon as practicable ENGINE FIRE: Fuel Selector ....................................................................................... OFF Throttle .......................................................................................CLOSED Mixture .............................................................................................. ICO Electric fuel pump .................................................................. CHECK OFF Heater and Defroster ......................................................................... OFF Proceed with power off landing procedure SPIN RECOVERY Throttle .............................................................................................IDLE Ailerons .................................................................................... NEUTRAL Rudder FULL OPPOSITE TO DIRECTION OF ROTATION Control Wheel .................................................................. FULL FORWARD Rudder NEUTRAL (when rotation stops) Wing Flaps ...................................................................... Up (if extended) Control Wheel ............................................................A/R TO SMOOTHLY REGAIN LEVEL FLIGHT PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 18 Basair SOP PASSENGER BRIEF • No smoking in aircraft • Proper use and adjustment of seat belts • Location and proper operation of emergency exits • Location of life jackets, first aid kits and fire extinguishers, and if required, survival kits and life rafts. • Requirement of a passenger occupying a control seat, not to interfere with the controls during the flight • Operation of ventilation system • Proper stowage of passengers’ carry on items during critical phases of flight • Seat backs must be upright for take-off and landing • Mobile phones and electronic devices must be off at all times TAKE – OFF SAFETY BRIEF • If there is an engine failure, fire or abnormality whilst on the runway I will close the throttle and brake as required • If there is an engine failure or major abnormality shortly after take- off with sufficient runway or overrun remaining, I will lower the nose, select full flap, land and brake as required • If the engine fails with insufficient runway or overrun, I will lower the nose, maintain (…) knots (best glide speed), select a suitable field 30 degrees either side of the nose, extend flaps as required and land. • I will only turn back to the runway if I am at 1000 feet AGL or on the downwind leg DEPARTURE AND APPROACH BRIEF • Charts • Terrain • Weather • Operational considerations • Any additional items you deem are threats PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 19 STANDARD FLOW PROCEDURE Below is an illustration of the standardised flow employed for do and check operations. Abnormal and emergency procedures are conducted as a check and do system. PA28-180 QRH BASAIR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD PIPER ARCHER II 7813.03.0116 20 SAMPLE PASSENGER BRIEF “Welcome aboard your flight, my name is _______________ your pilot. Today you’ll be flying in a _______________. Our aeroplane has _______________doors. You can close the door by _______________. If you need to open the door, such as in the unlikely event of an emergency, you can open the door by _______________. To adjust your seat, there will be a lever underneath the seat. Each seat in the aeroplane is equipped with an adjustable seatbelt. Fasten your seatbelt by inserting the clasp into the buckle. Pull the shoulder harness over your shoulder and clip it on to the clasp. You can adjust the seatbelt at any time by pulling the strap. You can undo your seatbelt by lifting the flap. Please ensure that you wear your seatbelt throughout the flight. Please ensure that all bags or loose items are either placed on the rear seat or in the baggage compartment and secured. You can adjust the VENTILATION OUTLETS AND CONTROLS by _______________. Please do not touch any part of the dashboard or controls and please keep your feet away from the pedals. Please note that smoking on board the aeroplane is not permitted at any time. In the unlikely event of an emergency, please exit the aeroplane and leave any luggage behind. We will meet at the rear of the aeroplane.” Where applicable – show use Lift Vest Lift Raft ELT Oxygen “Our destination for today’s flight is _______________ and our Estimated Time of Arrival is _______________. The weather for our flight today is expected to be _______________. Please sit back, relax and enjoy your flight.”