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Weight & Balance for the Piper PA-28 Archer II

Piper PA-28 Archer II · Weight And Balance

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Overview

This document provides essential weight and balance information for the Piper PA-28 Archer II. It is intended for pilots and aviation personnel who need to ensure that the aircraft is loaded within its weight limits for safe operation. The document outlines the maximum weight capacities, loading configurations, and methods for calculating weight and balance before flight. Understanding these parameters is crucial for maintaining aircraft performance and safety during flight operations.

  • Maximum Takeoff Weight: 2,550 lbs (1,157 kg)
  • Forward CG Limit: 35 inches from datum
  • Aft CG Limit: 47 inches from datum
  • Weight of fuel: approximately 6 lbs per gallon
  • Ensure proper weight distribution to maintain balance.

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Source

Originally published by motor.uppsalaflygklubb.se. Sprinkle hosts a reference copy with an added summary, specifications and searchable full text.

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Document details

Type
Weight And Balance
Pages
56
File size
6.7 MB
Publisher
motor.uppsalaflygklubb.se
Documentation completeness
3/7

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In this document

Maximum Weight Limits

The maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) for the Piper PA-28 Archer II is 2,550 lbs (1,157 kg). The maximum landing weight is also 2,550 lbs, ensuring that the aircraft is not overloaded during landing operations.

Center of Gravity Limits

The center of gravity (CG) limits for the Piper PA-28 Archer II are critical for flight stability. The forward CG limit is 35 inches from the datum, while the aft CG limit is 47 inches. Proper loading within these limits is essential for safe flight.

Weight Calculation Procedures

To calculate the weight and balance, pilots must account for the weight of the aircraft, fuel, passengers, and cargo. The document provides a sample calculation method to ensure that the total weight does not exceed the MTOW and that the CG remains within limits.

Loading Instructions

The loading instructions detail how to distribute weight within the aircraft to maintain balance. It emphasizes placing heavier items closer to the front of the aircraft to avoid exceeding the aft CG limit.

Fuel Load Considerations

Fuel weight is a significant factor in weight and balance calculations. The weight of fuel is approximately 6 lbs per gallon. Pilots must include the fuel load in their calculations to ensure compliance with weight limits.

Safety notes

  • Always verify weight and balance before flight to ensure safety.
  • Exceeding weight limits can lead to compromised aircraft performance.

Full document text

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE Paragraph Page Weight and Balance Data and Record Weight and Balance Determination for Flight Equipment List No. 6.1 General 6.3 Airplane Weighing Procedure 6.5 6.7 6.9 (a) Propeller and Propeller Accessories. (b) Engine and Engine Accessories (c) Landing Gear and Brakes Electrical Equipment Instruments Miscellaneous (g) Engine and Engine Accessories (Optional Equipment) (i) Landing Gear and Brakes (Optional Equipment) (j) Electrical Equipment (Optional Equipment) (k) Instruments (Optional Equipment) (m) No. 6-1 6-3 6-6 6-11 6-17 6-17 6-19 6-21 6-23 6-25 6-27 6-29 Propeller and Propeller Accessories (Optional Equipment) 6-31 6-33 6-35 6-37 Autopilots (Optional Equipment) Radio Equipment (Optional Equipment) Miscellaneous (Optional Equipment) 6-39 6-41 6-49 REPORT: VB-790 6-i PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6.1 GENERAL In order to achieve the performance and flying characteristics which are designed into the airplane, it must be flown with the weight and center of gravity (C.G.) position within the approved operating range (envelope). Although the airplane offers flexibility of loading, it cannot be flown with the maximum number of adult passengers, full fuel tanks and maximum baggage. With the flexibility comes responsibility. the pilot must ensure that the airplane is loaded within the loading envelope before he makes a takeoff. Misloading carries consequences for any aircraft. An overloaded airplane will not take off, climb or cruise as well as a properly loaded one. The heavier the airplane is loaded, the less climb performance it will have. Center of gravity is a determining factor in flight characteristics. If the C.G. is too far forward in any airplane, it may be difficult to rotate for takeoff or landing. If the C.G. is too far aft, the airplane may rotate prematurely on takeoff or tend to pitch up during climb. Longitudinal stability will be reduced. This can lead to inadvertent stalls and even spins, and spin recovery becomes more difficult as the center of gravity moves aft of the approved limit. A properly loaded airplane, however, will perform as intended. Before the airplane is licensed, a basic empty weight and C.G. location is computed (basic empty weight consists of the standard empty weight of the airplane plus the optional equipment). Using the basic empty weight and C.G. location, the pilot can determine the weight and C.G. position for the loaded airplane by computing the total weight and moment and then determining whether they are within the approved envelope. The basic empty weight and C.G. location are recorded in the Weight and Balance Data Form (Figure 6-5) and the Weight and Balance Record (Figure 6-7). The current values should always be used. Whenever new equipment is added or any modification work is done, the mechanic responsible for the work is required to compute a new basic empty weight and C.G. position and to write these in the Aircraft Log Book and the Weight and Balance Record. The owner should make sure that it is done. A weight and balance calculation is necessary in determining how much fuel or baggage can be boarded so as to keep within allowable limits. Check calculations prior to adding fuel to insure against improper loading. The following pages are forms used in weighing an airplane and in computing basic empty weight. C.G. | position, and useful load. Note that the useful load includes usable fuel, baggage, cargo and passengers. Following this is the method for computing takeoff weight and C.G. ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 REVISED: MARCH 30, 1984 REPORT: VB-790 6-1 SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II REPORT: VB-790 6-2 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6.3 AIRPLANE WEIGHING PROCEDURE At the time of licensing, Piper Aircraft Corporation provides each airplane with the basic empty weight and center of gravity location. This data is supplied by Figure 6-5. The removal or addition of equipment or airplane modifications can affect the basic empty weight and center of gravity. The following is a weighing procedure to determine this basic empty weight and center of gravity location: (a) Preparation (1) Be certain that all items checked in the airplane equipment list are installed in the proper location in the airplane. (2) Remove excessive dirt, grease, moisture, foreign items such as rags and tools from the airplane before weighing. (3) Defuel airplane. Then open all fuel drains until all remaining fuel is drained. Operate engine on each tank until all undrainable fuel is used and engine stops. Then add the unusable fuel (2.0 gallons total, 1.0 gallons each wing). CAUTION Whenever the fuel system is completely drained and fuel is re- plenished it will be necessary to run the engine for a minimum of 3 minutes at 1000 RPM on each tank to ensure no air exists in the fuel supply lines. (4) Fill with oil to full capacity. (5) Place pilot and copilot seats in fourth (4th) notch, aft of forward position. Put flaps in the fully retracted position and all control surfaces in the neutral position. Tow bar should be in the proper location and all entrance and baggage doors closed. (6) Weigh the airplane inside a closed building to prevent errors in scale readings due to wind. (b) Leveling (1) With airplane on scales, block main gear oleo pistons in the fully extended position. (2) Level airplane (refer to Figure 6-3) deflating nose wheel tire, to center bubble on level. ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 REVISED: MARCH 30, 1984 REPORT: VB-790 6-3 SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II (c) Weighing - Airplane Basic Empty Weight (1) With the airplane level and brakes released, record the weight shown on each scale. Deduct

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the tare, if any, from each reading. Scale Position and Symbol Nose Wheel (N) Right Main Wheel (R) Left Main Wheel (L) Scale Reading Tare Net Weight Basic Empty Weight, as Weighed (T) WEIGHING FORM Figure 6-1 (d) Basic Empty Weight Center of Gravity (1) The following geometry applies to the PA-28-181 airplane when it is level. Refer to Leveling paragraph 6.3 (b). C. G. Arm. -78.4 N ·B⋅ A === 31.0 = 109.7 REPORT: VB-790 6-4 C. G. Level Points (Fuselage) R+L -Wing Leading Edge LEVELING DIAGRAM The datum is 78.4 inches ahead of the wing leading edge at the intersection of the straight and tapered section. Figure 6-3 ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 REVISED: FEBRUARY 25, 1977 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE 1) The basic empty weight center of gravity (as weighed including optional equipment, full oil and unusable fuel) can be determined by the following formula: C.G. Arm = N (A) + (R + L) (B) inches + (R+L) (B) T Where: T = N+R+L ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 REVISED: JANUARY 20, 1977 REPORT: VB-790 6-5 SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II 6.5 WEIGHT AND BALANCE DATA AND RECORD The Basic Empty Weight, Center of Gravity Location and Useful Load listed in Figure 6-5 are for the airplane as licensed at the factory. These figures apply only to the specific airplane serial number and registration number shown. The basic empty weight of the airplane as licensed at the factory has been entered in the Weight and Balance Record (Figure 6-7). This form is provided to present the current status of the airplane basic empty weight and a complete history of previous modifications. Any change to the permanently installed equipment or modification which affects weight or moment must be entered in the Weight and Balance Record. REPORT: VB-790 ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 6-6 REVISED: MARCH 30, 1984 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II MODEL PA-28-181 CHEROKEE ARCHER II Airplane Serial Number Registration Number. Date AIRPLANE BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE Item Weight (Lbs) ✗ C. G. Arm (Inches Aft of Datum) Moment (In-Lbs) Actual Standard Empty Weight* Computed Optional Equipment Basic Empty Weight *The standard empty weight includes full oil capacity and 2.0 gallons of unusable fuel. AIRPLANE USEFUL LOAD (Gross Weight) - (Basic Empty Weight) = Useful Load Normal Category (2550 lbs) - ( lbs) = lbs. Utility Category (2130 lbs) lbs) = lbs. THIS BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT, C.G. AND USEFUL LOAD ARE FOR THE AIRPLANE AS LICENSED AT THE FACTORY. REFER TO APPROPRIATE AIRCRAFT RECORD WHEN ALTERATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE. ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 REVISED: MARCH 30, 1984 WEIGHT AND BALANCE DATA FORM Figure 6-5 REPORT: VB-790 6-7 SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT: VB-790 ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 6-8 PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-28-181 Serial Number Registration Number Weight Change Item No. Date In Out As Licensed Page Number Running Basic Added (+) Removed (-) Empty Weight Description of Article or Modification Wt. Arm Moment Wt. Arm Moment ||(Lb.) (In.)| /100 (Lb.) (In.)| /100 Wt. Moment (Lb.) /100 ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 REVISED: MARCH 30, 1984 WEIGHT AND BALANCE RECORD Figure 6-7 REPORT: VB-790 6-9 REPORT: VB-790 6-10 Registration Number Page Number SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE Item No. Date In Out Description of Article or Modification Weight Change Added (+) Removed (-) Running Basic Empty Weight Wt. Arm Moment Wt. Arm Moment (Lb.) (In.) /100 (Lb.) (In.) /100 Wt. Moment (Lb.) /100 PA-28-181 Serial Number WEIGHT AND BALANCE RECORD (cont) Figure 6-7 (cont) REVISED: MARCH 30, 1984. ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6.7 WEIGHT AND BALANCE DETERMINATION FOR FLIGHT (a) Add the weight of all items to be loaded to the basic empty weight. (b) Use the Loading Graph (Figure 6-13) to determine the moment of all items to be carried in the airplane. (c) Add the moment of all items to be loaded to the basic empty weight moment. (d) Divide the total moment by the total weight to determine the C.G. location. (e) By using the figures of item (a) and item (d) (above), locate a point on the C.G. range and weight graph (Figure 6-15). If the point falls within the C.G. envelope, the loading meets the weight and balance requirements. Weight (Lbs) Arm Aft Datum (Inches) Moment (In-Lbs) Basic Empty Weight Pilot and Front Passenger 340.0 80.5 27370 Passengers (Rear Seats)* 340.0 118.1 40154 Fuel (48 Gallon Maximum) 95.0 Baggage* 142.8 Total Loaded Airplane The center of gravity (C.G.) of this sample loading problem is at Locate this point ( inches aft of the datum line. ) on the C.G. range and weight graph. Since this point falls within the weight - C.G. envelope, this loading meets the weight and balance requirements. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PILOT AND AIRCRAFT OWNER TO INSURE THAT THE AIRPLANE IS LOADED PROPERLY. *Utility Category Operation - No baggage or rear passengers allowed. ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 SAMPLE LOADING PROBLEM (NORMAL CATEGORY) Figure 6-9 REPORT: VB-790 6-11 SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE Basic Empty Weight Pilot and Front Passenger Passengers (Rear Seats)* Fuel (48 Gallon Maximum) Baggage* Total Loaded Airplane PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II Weight (Lbs) Arm Aft Datum (Inches) Moment (In-Lbs) 80.5 118.1 95.0 142.8 Totals must be within approved weight and C.G. limits. It is the responsibility of the airplane owner and the pilot to insure that the airplane is loaded properly. The Basic Empty Weight C.G. is noted on the Weight and Balance Data Form (Figure 6-5). If the airplane has been altered, refer to the Weight and Balance Record for this information. *Utility Category Operation - No baggage or rear passengers allowed. WEIGHT AND BALANCE LOADING FORM Figure 6-11 REPORT: VB-790 6-12 ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 ISSUED: JUNE 18, 1976 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PA-28-181, CHEROKEE ARCHER II. SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE LOAD WEIGHT (POUNDS) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Baggage Pilot and Front Passenger Fuel (6 lb/gal) 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 MOMENT/1000 (POUNDS - INCHES) LOADING GRAPH Figure 6-13 REPORT: VB-790 6-13 Aft Passengers. 50