Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140

horizon and cowling. Adjust control pressure to establish level flight attitude. 3. Flap-25 After retract the flap to 25, return your right hand on the throttle. Wait for the airspeed to increase as you maintain level flight attitude. 4. Airspeed 66 kt(Vx), Climb attitude Look at horizon and the cowling to establish normal climb attitude. And wait. 5. Positive climb-Flap 10 Avoid pitch change caused by flap retraction. 6. Airspeed 75kt(Vy)-Flap Up 7. Level off, Airspeed 80kt-Throttle Cruise Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 5 Power On Stall Entry 1. Throttle-1500 RPM Maintain altitude 2. Airspeed 66 kt-Throttle Full, Climb attitude (slightly higher than normal climb attitude) No need to pull nose up very high. If the nose is too high, it will drop a lot and lose excessive altitude after stall. To avoid this, maintain the pitch slightly higher than normal climb attitude at which air- speed is decreasing gradually(about 15 degrees up). Add back pressure to keep this pitch attitude con- stant as airspeed decrease. Look at the horizon on the both side of the cowling to judge your attitude. Also, add right rudder as airspeed goes down to keep coordinate. Recovery 1. Release back pressure 2. Maintain level flight attitude. Release back pressure gently to return to the level pitch. Wait for the airspeed to increase. 3. Airspeed 66kt(Vx), Climb attitude 4. Positive climb-Airspeed 75kt(Vy)-Level off. Since the power on stall is the simulation of the departure stall, the altitude you begin this maneuver is the airport elevation. During recovery, you shouldn’t go below the original altitude. If you do so, that mean you crash on the ground. You should finish this maneuver at higher altitude than you begin. 5. Airspeed 80kt-Throttle Cruise Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 6 Power On Stall (Turning) Entry 1. Throttle-1500 RPM Maintain altitude 2. Airspeed 66kt-Throttle Full, Carb heat-Off, Climb attitude with 20 degrees bank into desired direction(slightly higher than normal climb attitude) Recovery 1. Maintain level flight attitude 2. Airspeed 66kt(Vx), Climb attitude 3. Positive climb 4. Airspeed 75kt(Vy)-Level off 5. Airspeed 80kt-Throttle Cruise Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 7 Accelerated Stall (Commercial pilot) Entry 1. Throttle-1,500 RPM Maintain altitude 2. 45 degrees bank coordinated turn 3. Increase back pressure to reach stall Recovery at Buffet 1. Release back pressure 2. Increase power to cruise 3. Bank-Zero. 4. Return to level flight Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 8 Secondly Stall (demonstrated-CFI only) Entry 1. Throttle-1500RPM Maintain altitudeAirspeed 85kt-Flap 10 75kt-Flap 25 65kt-Flap 40 2. Start descend at 65kt 3. Throttle-idle. Increase back pressure to keep altitude to reach stall. 4. Stall indication, release back pressure. 5. Increase back pressure abruptly. Recovery 1. Release back pressure. You don’t need to push nose down too steep. 2. Throttle-Full, Maintain level flight attitude. Don’t look inside the cockpit. Your right hand is already on the throttle. Just move it forward. Look horizon and cowling. Adjust control pressure to establish level flight attitude. 3. Flap-25 After retract the flap to 25, return your right hand on the throttle. Wait for the airspeed to increase as you maintain level flight attitude. 4. Airspeed 66kt (Vx), Climb attitude Look at horizon and the cowling to establish normal climb attitude. And wait. 5. Positive climb-Landing gear-Up, Flap 10 Avoid pitch change caused by flap retraction. 6. Airspeed 75kt (Vy)-Flap Up 7. Level off, Airspeed 80kt-Throttle- Cruise, Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 9 Elevator Trim Stall (demonstrated-CFI only) Entry 1. Throttle-1500RPM Maintain altitudeAirspeed 85kt-Flap 10 75kt-Flap 25 65kt-Flap 40 2. Start descend at 65kt 3. Set trim for pitch up 4. Throttle-Full, simulating go-around. Recovery 1. Apply forward pressure for level pitch attitude. You don’t need to push nose down too steep. 2. Flap-25 After retract the flap to 25, return your right hand on the throttle. Wait for the airspeed to increase as you maintain level flight attitude. 3. Airspeed 66kt (Vx), Climb attitude Look at horizon and the cowling to establish normal climb attitude. And wait. 4. Positive climb-Landing gear-Up, Flap 10 Avoid pitch change caused by flap retraction. 5. Airspeed 75kt (Vy)-Flap Up 6. Level off, Airspeed 80kt-Throttle- Cruise, Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 10 Crossed Control Stall (demonstrated- CFI only) Entry 1. Throttle-Idle Maintain altitude 2. Start descend at 70kt 3. Enter turn.. • Increase rudder input in the direction of turn. • Use opposite aileron to decrease bank. • Increase back pressure to keep altitude to reach stall. Recovery 1. Release back pressure. You don’t need to push nose down too steep. 2. Throttle-Full, Maintain level flight attitude. Don’t look inside the cockpit. Your right hand is already on the throttle. Just move it forward. Look horizon and cowling. Adjust control pressure to establish level flight attitude. 3. Carb heat-Off 4. Airspeed 66kt (Vx), Climb attitude Look at horizon and the cowling to establish normal climb attitude. And wait. 5. Positive climb 6. Climb at 75kt (Vy) 7. Level off, Airspeed 80kt, Throttle-Cruise, Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 11 Steep Turn 1. Set up • Thottle-2200RPM” • AS-90Kt 2. Enter turn with aileron and rudder. 3. When the bank>30 • Apply back pressure to keep ALT, • Add power to keep AS 4. When the bank=45(Private)/50(Commercial), counter aileron to keep bank constant 5. 20 degree before target heading, • Start roll out with aileron and rudder • Release back pressure • Return to level flight attitude • Thottle-2200RPM” 6. For Commercial, reverse the course to the other direction immediately. 1. Set up • Thottle-2200RPM • AS-90Kt 2. Enter turn with aile- ron and rudder. 3. When the bank>30 • Apply back pressure to keep ALT, • Add power to keep AS 4. When the bank=45(Private)/50 (Commercial), counter aileron to keep bank constant 5. 20 degree before target head- ing, • Start roll out with aileron and rudder • Release back pressure • Return to level flight attitude • Thottle-2200RPM 6. For Commercial, reverse the course to the other direction immediately. Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 12 Steep Spiral (commercial pilot) Climb high enough to complete three turns above 1000 ft AGL. Select reference point close to you. Entry 1. Straight-and-level. 2. Abeam, Throttle- Idle 3. Begin descent and turn with 45 degrees bank 4. Maintain 90kt 5. Adjust bank angle to keep distance constant 6. Open throttle momentary to avoid spark plug from fouling after each turns on upwind 7. Continue three turns Recovery 1. Nose- Level pitch 2. Power- Cruise, 1. Staright-and-level flight 2. Abeam • Throttle- Idle • Begin descent and turn with 45 degrees bank 3. Maintain 90kt 4. Adjust bank angle to keep distance constant 5. Open throttle momen- tary to avoid spark plug from fouling after each turns on upwind 6. Continue three turns 7. Recovery • Nose- Level pitch • Power- Cruise Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 13 Chandelle (commercial pilot) Staraight-and-level flight at or below Va (Throttle 2200 RPM) Entry • 30 degrees bank( Use aileron and rudder). • Start climb • Full power. 90 degrees point • Start roll-out gradually. • Maintain pitch attitude constant(apply back pressure) 180 degree point • Wing level. • Airspeed 45~50kt. • Hold that attitude momentary. Level off. Maintain altitude. Airspeed 80kt-Throttle,-Cruise setting. Staraight-and-level flight at or below Va (Throttle 2200 RPM) Entry • 30 degrees bank( Use aileron and rudder). • Start climb • Full power. 90 degrees point • Start roll-out gradually. • Maintain pitch attitude constant(apply back pressure) 180 degree point • Wing level. • Airspeed 45~50kt. • Hold that attitude momentary. Level off. Maintain altitude. Airspeed 80kt-Throttle, Prop- Cruise setting. Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 14 Lazy Eights (commercial pilot) Entry: 1. Level flight 2. Throttle 2300 RPM (Maneuvering or cruise speed whichever is less or manufacturer’s recommended speed). 45° Point 1. Max. Pitch-up attitude 2. Bank 15° (approx.) 90° Point 1. Bank approx 30° 2. Minimum speed 3. Maximum altitude 4. Level pitch attitude 135° Point 1. Max. Pitch-down 2. Bank 15°(approx.) 180° Point 1. Level flight 2. Entry airspeed 3. Altitude same as Entry altitude Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 15 Eights On Pylon (commercial pilot) Entry • Straight-and-level flight at or below Va (Trottle 2200 RPM). • Altitude: About pivotal altitude, =(GS)2/11.3 • Tail wind. 45 degree to midpoint of the pylons. Abeam the pylon • Bank in order to keep the pylon at the wing tip. • Adjust pitch to maintain line-of-sight. If the pylon moves forward, descend. If the pylon moves back, climb. 45 degrees before direct downwind • Roll-out, straight-and-level flight. Abeam second pylon • Bank in order to keep the pylon at the wing tip. • Adjust pitch to maintain line-of-sight. If the pylon moves forward, descend. If the pylon moves back, climb. 45 degrees before direct downwind • Roll-out, straight-and-level flight. Straight-and-level flight at or below Va (Trottle 2200 RPM). Altitude: About pivotal altitude, =(GS)2/11.3 Bank in order to keep the pylon at the wing tip. Roll-out, straight-and-level flight. Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 16 Emergency Descent Entry 1. Throttle- Idle, begin descent 2. Maintain 110kts with bank as needed. Recovery 3. Target altitude+200ft, Nose- Level pitch 4. Power- Cruise, Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 17 Traffic Pattern Operation (Normal takeoff/landing) 1. Enter runway(No flap) 2. Throttle-full 3. 55kt-rotate 4. Climb on upwind at 75 kt (Vy). 5. Comply with the procedure specified to the airport. Otherwise turn crosswind within 300 ft of TPA. 6. Fly rectangular course. Apply wind correction. 7. Turn to downwind. 8. Level off at TPA. Set throttle 2000 RPM. Trim it. 9. Before landing check. 10. Abeam number, throttle 1500RPM, check airspeed, flap 10 degrees. Start descend Power reduction causes nose to drop. Try to maintain TPA until you set 10 flap. Then set descend at- titude. Your aiming point is runway number. 11. Turn base. Flap 25 degrees. 12. Turn final. Flap 40 degrees. Adjust power and pitch to slow down to 65kt. 13. Clear the brake Make sure that your toes doesn’t touch the brake. Your toe must be on the lower part of the pedal to avoid locking the tire. 14. Close throttle, flare, touch down 15. Lower the nose, maintain directional control, brake 16. Taxi out, clear the runway, stop, after landing check. Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 18 1. Climb at 75kt (Vy) 2. Turn crosswind 3. Turn downwind 4. TPA-Leveloff Throttle-2,000 RPM 5. Before landing check 6. Abeam number • Throttle-1,500 RPM • Flap 10 • Start descend at 80 kt 7. Turn base 8. Flap 25 Descend at 70 kt 9. Turn final 10. Flap 40, 65 kt 11. Clear the brake 12. Reduce power, flare, touch down 13. Taxi out After landing check Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 19 Short Field Takeoff Calculate weight and balance before the flight and figure out the lift-off speed and the target speed at 50 ft AGL. Rotation speed (kts)=55× √Current weight Max. takeoff weight 1. Set flap 25°. 2. Taxi to the very beginning of the runway. Depend on the traffic situation, you don’t need to taxi all the way to the beginning of the runway. You can taxi into position as normal takeoff. 3. Set brake. Full power. Check engine gauges. Pump brake a couple of time before apply full power to prevent the airplane from moving. 4. Release brake. 5. Rotate at selected speed. Set pitch up for the target speed. Try not to chase the airspeed indicator needle. Remember, airspeed indicator has lag. If you chase, airspeed may be too slow or too fast. 6. At 50ft AGL, lower the nose slightly. Again, don’t chase the needle of airspeed indicator. Look at the pitch attitude. Make small change in the pitch. You still want to climb. Don’t descend. 7. 66kt, flap up gradualy Check “positive rate of climb” before retract. Once you retract the flap, pitch will change. Be prepare for that. 8. Climb at 75kt (Vy). Resume normal climb. Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 20 Soft Field Takeoff 1. Set 25 ° flap. 2. Elevator full up 3. Taxi into the runway with minimum brake. No need to stop on the runway unless advised by the tower. 4. Join the center line. Apply full power. Check engine gauges. 5. Release elevator back pressure as airspeed increases to attach the engine cowling to the end of the runway If the other end of the runway is covered by the cowling, your nose is too high. You don’t need to keep nose very high. The purpose is to reduce the weight on the nose gear. 6. After lift off itself, release back pressure to stay in the ground effect. Don’t push nose down. You will descend very quick. Look at the horizon and the cowling like you recover from slow flight. Pitch motion should be very slow. 7. At 66kt(Vx), Climb attitude. 8. Positive climb, flap 10°. Flap retraction causes the nose to drop. Anticipate this and adjust control pressure to avoid this. 9. Climb at 75kt (Vy). Resume normal climb. Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 21 Short Field Landing 1. Approach as normal. 2. Select proper aiming pilot. You need to touch down +200/-0ft (+100/-0ft for commercial) from the point you select. 3. On short final, full flap and maintain 59kt at least last 1/4 mile on final. You don’t need to make steep or shallow approach. Just maintain normal approach path all the way to the runway number. 4. Clear the brake Make sure that your toes don’t touch the brake. Your toe must be on the lower part of the pedal to avoid locking the tire. 5. Reduce power, flare touchdown. Do as you do for normal landing. If your approach was correct, it will touch down the point. If your approach was wrong, there is no way to correct at this point. Do no try to touch down on the point by lowering the nose or by releasing back pressure. You will land flat and damage the airplane. If you think you will over shoot, commence go around and make the better approach next time. 6. After touch down, as you maintain directional control, retract the wing flap and use NORMAL BRAKE. In real short field situation, you may need to use full brake. However, during training, we want to avid locking the brake, making flat spot on the tires caused by improper use of “ full brake”. You call out “Full brake” and use normal brake instead of full. Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 22 Soft Field Landing 1. Approach as normal(65kt on final with full flap). 2. Clear the brake Make sure that your toes doesn’t touch the brake. Your toe must be on the lower part of the pedal to avoid locking the tire. 3. Reduce power for flare. 4. Just before touch down(after the pitch attitude is higher the horizon), add a little bit of power(100 to 200RPM). 5. After touch down, hold back pressure to keep nose off. Then reduce power to idle. Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 23 No Flap Landing Select the arrow marking before the threshold as the aiming point(at RHV). 1. Before landing check. 2. Set throttle 1400RPM, check airspeed, pitch for 70kt, Start descend. 3. Turn base. Maintain 70kt. Fly normal glide path. Turn final. Maintain 70kt. Fly normal glide path.1. thorough 5. Since your aiming point is before threshold, VASI will be red over pink on final though you are making normal descent. But you don’t want to be too low. Check altitude when you turn base, final to verify your descent path. Adjust power and pitch as necessary to maintain the path. 4. Adjust power to maintain normal path. When there is strong head wind, you can maintain correct flight path by adjusting power. When there is no head wind, for example in the morning, you will be too high even though your power is idle. Don’t push nose down too much. Otherwise you can’t keep 70kt. Pitch attitude for 70kt without flap is higher than the attitude for normal landing with flap. So, keep nose high enough to maintain 70kt, check airspeed frequently, adjust power. 5. Use forward slip as necessary. If the path is too shallow with power idle, use forward slip before it’s too late. 6. Clear the brake. 7. Close throttle, flare, touch down. 8. Lower the nose, maintain directional control, brake. Use caution for the brake. Since the airspeed is faster than normal, it requires more distance to stop. Don’t lock the tire. 9. Taxi out, clear the runway, stop, after landing check. Forward Slip You can use forward slip with and without flap to lose excessive altitude or to lose airspeed. However, as placarded, avoid slip with flap extended because the rate of descend will be very steep with full flap. 1. Align with center line. Set up the airspeed (70kt no flap, 65kt with flap). 2. Reduce power to idle. 3. Use rudder opposite to the wind, aileron into wind, , lower the nose to keep airspeed. Make sure the nose points downwind side. The airspeed indication for the right slip and left slip is deferent because of the position of the static port. Slip to the left, static port receive dynamic air. It indicates lower than actual. Slip to the right, static port receive negative pressure. It indicates higher than actual. Adjust aileron and rudder pressure to keep extended centerline. 4. Recover at proper altitude. Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 24 Uncontrolled Airport Operation 1. Fly over the airport 1000ft above TPA. 2. Circle over the airport, Check wind, traffic flow. Traffic pattern 3. Depart airport perpendicular to the runway in the direction of downwind. 4. After pass downwind, start descend to TPA(1500RPM). Before landing check. 5. 1/2 mile after pass the downwind, turn and fly parallel to the active runway. 6. Turn to 45 leg so that you can enter downwind midfield. 7. Level off at TPA before enter downwind(2000RPM). 8. Enter downwind. Resume normal traffic pattern operation. Example of CTAF 10 miles out South county Unicom, Cherokee 38477, 10 miles northwest, request airport advisory, South county. 5 miles out South county traffic, Cherokee 38477, 5 miles northwest, inbound for landing, South county 3 miles out South county traffic, Cherokee 38477,3 miles northwest, inbound for landing, South county. Over the air- port South county traffic, Cherokee 38477, over the airport at 2,300, landing runway 32, South county. 45 leg South county traffic, Cherokee 38477, on right 45, runway 32, South county. Downwind leg South county traffic, Cherokee 38477, on right downwind, runway 32, South county. Base leg South county traffic, Cherokee 38477, on right base, runway 32, South county. Final leg South county traffic, Cherokee 38477, on final, runway 32, South county. Out of runway South county traffic, Cherokee 38477, clear of the active, runway 32, South county. Nice Air Operation Procedure PA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 25 32 14 Downwind M.C. 320 Final Base Wind 1. Fly over the airport 1000ft+TPA 2. Circle over the airport, check traffic flow, wind sock and run- way condtion. 3. Depart the airport perpendicular to the runway in the direction of down- wind. 4. After pass down- wind, start descend to TPA(1500RPM).Before landing check. 5. 1/2 mile after pass the downwind, turn and fly parallel to the active runway 6. Turn to 45 leg so that you can enter downwind mid field. 7. Level off at TPA before enter downwind. M.C. 050 Nice Air Operation ProcedurePA28-140 Copy Right Nice Air 2575 Robert Fowler Way, San Jose, CA 95148 Phone(408)729-3383 26 Engine Failure 1. Best Glide speed 69kt, trim it. Establish pitch attitude which gives you 69kt. 2. Look for landing spot, turn toward it. 3. Trouble shoot-Use check list, or Flow check Seat belt-lock Fuel selector valve-Switch to fullest tank Mixture-rich Carburetor heat-on Ignition switch-both Master switch-both Primer-lock 4. Declare emergency Transponder-7700 Radio-121.5 or current ATC “Mayday Mayday Mayday, Cherokee 38477, ENGINE FAILURE, (position), Making forced landing into (landing spot), 2 persons on board.” 5. Secure Engine Mixture-Idle cut-off Fuel selector valve-off Ignition switch-off After using flap, master switch-off Door-open 6. Touch down Stop the airplane Inspect your body condition Get out of airplane Make sure no fire Call Nice Air, (408)729-3383, police, 911