Pilot's Operating Handbook

Stall Warning.. 2-14 Finish. ..2-14 Air Conditioning. 2-15 Piper External Power 2-16 2-i DESCRIPTION AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS CHEROKEE ARCHER THE AIRPLANE The PA-28-180 Cherokee is a single-engine, low-wing monoplane of all metal construction. Its full 4-place seating, two hundred pound baggage capacity, 645 mile range and economical operation, coupled with the lively performance of a 180 horsepower engine, make this Cherokee a versatile airplane in the business and personal aviation fields. AIRFRAME The basic airframe, except for a tubular steel engine mount, steel landing gear struts and other miscellaneous steel parts, is of aluminum alloy construction. The extremities - the wing tips, the cowling, the tail surfaces - are of tough fiberglass. The wings are attached to each side of the fuselage by insertion of the butt ends of the respective main spars into a spar box carry-through which is an integral part of the fuselage structure, providing, in effect, a continuous main spar with splices at each side of the fuselage. There are also fore and aft attachments at the rear spar and at an auxiliary front spar. The wing airfoil section is a laminar flow type, NACA652-415 with the maximum thickness about 40% aft of the leading edge. This permits the main spar carry-through structure to be located under the rear seat, providing unobstructed cabin floor space ahead of the rear seat. ENGINE AND PROPELLER The Cherokee 180 is powered by a Lycoming O-360-A4A or O-360-A4M four cylinder, direct drive, horizontally opposed engine rated at 180 horsepower at 2700 rpm. It is furnished with a starter, a 60 ampere, 14 volt alternator, a shielded ignition, vacuum pump drive. a fuel pump, and a dry, automotive type carburetor air filter. The exhaust system is of the cross-over type to reduce back pressure and improve performance. It is made entirely from stainless steel and is equipped with dual mufflers. A heater shroud around the mufflers is provided to supply heat for the cabin and windshield defrosting. The Sensenich 76EM8S5-0-60 fixed-pitch propeller is made from a one-piece alloy forging. AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS REVISED: NOVEMBER 21, 1975 2-1 CHEROKEE ARCHER LANDING GEAR The three landing gears use Cleveland 6.00 x 6 wheels, the main gear wheels being provided with brake drums and Cleveland single disc hydraulic brake assemblies. All three wheels use 6.00 x 6, four-ply rating, Type III tires with tubes. The nose gear is steerable through a 30 degree arc either side of center by use of the rudder pedals and brakes. A spring device incorporated in the rudder pedal torque tube assembly aids in rudder centering and provides rudder trim. The nose gear steering mechanism also incorporates a bungee assembly to reduce steering effort and to dampen shocks and bumps during taxiing. A shimmy dampener is included in the nose gear. The three struts are of the air-oil type, with a normal extension of 3.25 inches for the nose gear and 4.50 inches for the main gear. The standard brake system for this Cherokee consists of dual toe brakes attached to the rudder pedals and a hand lever and master cylinder located below and behind the left center of the instrument sub-panel. The toe brakes and the hand brake have their own brake cylinders, but they share a common reservoir. The brake fluid reservoir is installed on the top left front face of the fire wall. The parking brake is incorporated in the master cylinder and is actuated by pulling back on the brake lever, depressing the knob attached to the left side of the handle, and releasing the brake lever. To release the parking brake, pull back on the brake lever to disengage the catch mechanism and allow the handle to swing forward. AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS ISSUED: JULY 9, 1973 2-3 AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS ISSUED: JULY 9, 1973 30. / WINE JACK!! 2229999999 Throttle Quadrant and Console CHEROKEE ARCHER 2-5 MAIN TANK FUEL QUANTITY GAUGES FUEL TANK SELECTOR VALVE- AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS ISSUED: JULY 9, 1973 CHEROKEE ARCHER FUEL STRAINER' MAIN TANK PRIMER FUEL PRESSURE GAUGE -MIXTURE THROTTLE CARBURETOR Fuel System Schematic -ENGINE FUEL PUMP ELECTRIC FUEL PUMP 2-7 CHEROKEE ARCHER Unlike previous generator systems, the ammeter does not indicate battery discharge; rather it displays in amperes the load placed on the alternator. With all electrical equipment off (except master switch) the ammeter will be indicating the amount of charging current demanded by the battery. As each item of electrical equipment is turned on, the current will increase to a total appearing on the ammeter. This total includes the battery. The maximum continuous load for night flight, with radios on, is about 30 amperes. This 30 ampere value, plus approximately two amperes for a fully charged battery, will appear continuously under these flight conditions. The amount of current shown on the ammeter will tell immediately if the alternator system is operating normally, as the amount of current shown should equal the total amperage drawn by the equipment which is operating. If no output is indicated on the ammeter during flight, reduce the electrical load by turning off all unnecessary electrical equipment. Check both 5 ampere field breaker and 60 ampere output breaker and reset if open. If neither circuit breaker is open, turn off the "ALT" switch for 1 second to reset the overvoltage relay. If ammeter continues to indicate no output, maintain minimum electrical load and terminate flight as soon as practical. Maintenance on the alternator should prove to be a minor factor. Should service be required, contact the local Piper Dealer. AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS REVISED: MARCH 26, 1979 2-8a STARTER & ACCESSORIES ALTERNATOR FIELD 5 A (IN LINE) CIGAR LIGHTER CABIN LIGHT ALT ; WARN LIGHT EXTERNAL POWER RECEPTACLE STARTER SOLENOID CHEROKEE ARCHER STARTER SWITCH STARTER EXTERNAL POWER SOLENOID 5 A (IN LINE) MASTER SOLENOID m OPTIONAL AMMETER OVER VOLTAGE REGULATOR VOLTAGE PROTECTOR ALTERNATOR LAMP TEST Hillt ALTERNATOR SOURCE-POWER RELAY ENERGIZING CIRCUIT Alternator and Starter Schematic (Ser. nos. 7505001 and up) AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS ISSUED: JUNE 17, 1974 MASTER SWITCH 2-9a CHEROKEE ARCHER VACUUM SYSTEM The vacuum system is designed to operate the air driven gyro instruments. This includes the directional and attitude gyros when installed. The system consists of an engine driven vacuum pump, a vacuum regulator, a filter and the necessary plumbing. The vacuum pump is a dry type pump which eliminates the need for an air/oil separator and its plumbing. A shear drive protects the pump from damage. If the drive shears, the gyros will become inoperative. The vacuum gauge, mounted on the right instrument panel to the right of the radios, provides valuable information to the pilot about the operation of the vacuum system. A decrease in pressure in a system that has remained constant over an extended period may indicate a dirty filter, dirty screens, possibly a sticking vacuum regulator or leak in system (a low vacuum indicator light is provided in the annunciator panel*). Zero pressure would indicate a sheared pump drive, defective pump, possibly a defective gauge or collapsed line. In the event of any gauge variation from the norm, the pilot should have a mechanic check the system to prevent possible damage to the system components or eventual failure of the system. A vacuum regulator is provided in the system to protect the gyros. The valve is set so the normal vacuum reads 5.0 ± .1 inches of mercury, a setting which provides sufficient vacuum to operate all the gyros at their rated R.P.M. Higher settings will damage the gyros and with a low setting the gyros will be unreliable. The regulator is located behind the instrument panel and is accessible from below the instrument panel. INSTRUMENT PANEL The instrument panel of the Cherokee is designed to accommodate the customary advanced flight instruments and the normally required power plant instruments. The artificial horizon and directional gyro are vacuum operated through use of a vacuum pump installed on the engine, while the turn and bank instrument is electrically operated. A vacuum gauge is mounted on the far right side of the instrument panel. A natural separation of the flight group and power group is provided by the placement of the flight group in the upper instrument panel and the power group in the center and lower instrument panels. The radios and circuit breakers are on the right hand instrument panel. Extra circuits are provided for a complete line of optional radio equipment. An annunciator panel* is mounted in the upper instrument panel to warn the pilot of a possible malfunction in the alternator, oil pressure. or vacuum systems. | *Serial nos. 7505001 and up AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS REVISED: JUNE 17, 1974 2-11 ISSUED: JULY 9, 1973 AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS Pitot Static System - I. ALTIMETER 2. AIRSPEED INDICATOR 3. PITOT HEAT SWITCH 4. VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR 5. PITOT HEAT 2-13 CHEROKEE ARCHER