STANDARDIZATION MANUAL MULTIENGINE LAND RATING PIPER PA-30 TWIN COMANCHE

Objective: To safely execute a takeoff under normal conditions. 1. Complete the Before Takeoff checklist. 2. Center aircraft on runway centerline with nose wheel straight ahead. 3. Advance throttles smoothly to 2000 RPM, check engine instruments. Make sure thrust feels symmetrical. 4. Advance throttles full forward. Maintain centerline. 5. Accelerate to at least 90 MPH and increase control yoke back pressure to pitch up for takeoff. 6. When aircraft begins climbing, call out “positive rate, gear up” and raise landing gear. 7. Accelerate to 112 MPH [VY] and climb on centerline. Use trim as necessary. 8. At 1000’ AFE, set throttles and propellers to Climb power (24” MP, 2400 RPM). 9. After leaving traffic pattern, complete Climb checklist. If remaining in the pattern… 10. Accelerate to 112 MPH [VY] and climb on centerline. Use trim as necessary. 11. At 500’ AFE, turn to crosswind. 12. Continue climb to TPA and turn to downwind. Reduce throttles to 17” MP. Use trim as necessary. Standards Airspeed VY +5/-0 MPH. 8 TAKEOFF BRIEFING This briefing should be verbally given before any departure. 1. Takeoff runway, with heading or sign verification. 2. Current surface winds. 3. Route and/or direction of departure. 4. Engine failure considerations. a. If engine fails while aircraft still on runway, abort takeoff. b. If engine fails while aircraft is airborne, but landing gear is still extended OR indicated airspeed is less than 105 MPH [VY], land straight ahead. c. If engine fails after gear retraction and above 105 MPH [VYSE], continue controlled climb and complete all memory items, then return to land as soon as possible. Example Today we will be taking off on runway 32. The current wind is from 290 at 12, which is a crosswind from the left. We will be making a downwind departure to the south and climbing to 3000 feet. If an engine fails below our rotation speed of 90 MPH, we will immediately idle the throttles and apply brakes to stop the takeoff roll. If an engine fails after takeoff with the gear extended or the speed below the blue line, we will land ahead, only making shallow turns if necessary. If an engine fails with the gear retracted after takeoff, we will continue climbing out, maintain directional control at or above blue line, and run the appropriate memory items. 9 NORMAL LANDING Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook) Objective: To safely execute a landing under normal conditions 1. Complete the Before Landing checklist. 2. Maintain 105 MPH until the runway is within gliding distance. 3. Idle both throttles. 4. Use foot brakes as required. 5. Apply back elevator pressure to aerodynamically brake. Standards Final airspeed 1.3 VSO +/- 5 MPH with gust factor applied. Touch down within 200 ft of designated spot. 10 SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook) Objective: To obtain maximum performance during takeoff and minimize runway length required. 1. Complete the Before Takeoff checklist. 2. Center aircraft on runway centerline with nose wheel straight ahead. Use all available runway. 3. Firmly hold brakes to keep airplane in position. 4. Advance throttles smoothly to 2000 RPM, check engine instruments. 5. Advance throttles full forward. Maintain centerline and make sure thrust feels symmetrical. 6. Accelerate to at least 90 MPH and increase control yoke back pressure to pitch up for takeoff. 7. When aircraft begins climbing, call out “positive rate, gear up” and raise landing gear. 8. Climb out at 90 MPH [VX] 9. Once clear of obstacles, accelerate to 112 MPH [VY] and climb on centerline. Use trim as necessary. 10. At 1000’ AFE, set throttles and propellers to Climb power (24” MP, 2400 RPM). 11. Climb out as normal (see “Normal Takeoff and Climb” steps 9-12). NOTE: While the POH specifies a Flaps setting of 15 degrees for takeoff, this introduces undesired loss of climb performance in the event of an engine failure after takeoff. For training purposes, practice these with flaps retracted, but the costs and benefits of each flap configuration should be discussed. Standards (Commercial) Airspeed VX/VY +5/-0 MPH as appropriate. 11 SHORT FIELD LANDING Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook) Objective: To minimize runway length required during landing operations. 1. Complete the Before Landing checklist. 2. Maintain 105 MPH as long as practical, then above 90 MPH until runway is within gliding distance. 3. Idle both throttles. 4. Touch down with minimal airspeed. 5. Use foot brakes as required. 6. Apply back elevator pressure to aerodynamically brake. Standards (Commercial) Airspeed 1.3 VSO +/ 5 MPH with gust factor applied Touch down within 100 ft of designated spot 12 TRAFFIC PATTERN REFERENCE SPEEDS Pattern Departure 120 MPH Upwind 112 MPH [VY] Downwind 115 MPH Base 105 MPH Final 105 MPH DOWNWIND 115 MPH GEAR DOWN 17” MP, 2300 RPM BASE 105 MPH FLAPS DOWN FINAL 105 MPH SLOW TO 90 UPWIND 112 MPH GEAR UP DEPARTURE 24”MP 2400 RPM 120 MPH 13 MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook) Objective: To recognize changes in aircraft flight characteristics and control effectiveness at critically slow airspeeds in various configurations. 1. Reduce throttles to 15” MP. 2. Set propellers to high RPM. 3. Below 150 MPH [VLE], extend landing gear. 4. Below 125 MPH [VFE], extend full flaps. 5. Maintain heading. 6. Maintain altitude with power (18”-20” MP) and trim as necessary. 7. Maintain 69-74 MPH [VS0 +5]. 8. Maintain control at minimum airspeed, just above stall indication. 9. Execute any climbs, descents, turns as directed. Maintain bank angle less than 20 degrees. On recovery… 10. Apply full power while maintaining altitude. 11. Return to normal cruise flight (20” MP, 2300 RPM). 12. Perform Cruise checklist. NOTE: Any time a maneuver specifies sustained flight below 105 MPH [VYSE], pilots should exercise caution in case of an engine failure. During recovery, ensure that this speed is maintained or exceeded as soon as practical. Standards (Commercial) Altitude +/- 50 feet. Heading +/- 10 degrees. Bank +/- 5 degrees. Airspeed +5/-0 MPH. 14 POWER OFF STALL Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook) Objective: To recognize indications of an imminent or full stall during power off situations in the landing configuration, and to make prompt, positive, and effective recoveries with minimal altitude loss. 1. Reduce throttles to 15” MP. 2. Set propellers to high RPM. 3. Below 150 MPH [VLE], extend landing gear. 4. Below 125 MPH [VFE], extend full flaps. 5. Maintain heading and altitude with power (18-20” MP) and trim as necessary. 6. At 90 MPH, reduce throttles to idle. Add bank if directed. 7. Pitch nose up as necessary to stall the airplane. On recovery… 8. Release elevator back pressure and apply full throttle. 9. Pitch to maintain positive rate of climb while maintaining below critical angle of attack. 10. Retract flaps above 74 MPH [VS1] 11. Retract landing gear. 12. Return to normal cruise flight (20” MP, 2300 RPM) at starting altitude. 13. Perform Cruise checklist. NOTE: Any time a maneuver specifies sustained flight below 105 MPH [VYSE], pilots should exercise caution in case of an engine failure. During recovery, ensure that this speed is maintained or exceeded as soon as practical. Standards Heading +/- 10 degrees. Recover at first indication of stall unless directed otherwise. 15 POWER ON STALL Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook) Objective: To recognize indications of an imminent or full stall during power on situations in the clean configuration, and to make prompt, positive, and effective recoveries with a minimum loss of altitude. 1. Reduce throttles to 15” MP. 2. Set propellers to high RPM. 3. Maintain altitude with trim as necessary. 4. At 90 MPH, increase throttles to 21” MP. Add bank if directed. 5. Pitch nose up as necessary to stall the airplane. On recovery… 6. Release elevator back pressure and apply full throttle. 7. Pitch to maintain positive rate of climb while maintaining below critical angle of attack. 8. Return to normal cruise flight (20” MP, 2300 RPM) at starting altitude. 9. Perform Cruise checklist. NOTE: Any time a maneuver specifies sustained flight below 105 MPH [VYSE], pilots should exercise caution in case of an engine failure. During recovery, ensure that this speed is maintained or exceeded as soon as practical. Standards Heading +/- 10 degrees. Recover at first indication of stall unless directed otherwise. 16 ACCELERATED STALL Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook) Objective: To demonstrate that stalling is a function of angle of attack, weight, and load factor, rather than solely based on airspeed. 1. Reduce throttles to 15” MP. 2. Set propellers to high RPM. 3. Maintain altitude with trim as necessary. 4. At or below 110 MPH, establish a 45-50 degree bank to the left or right. 5. After bank and turn are established, increase elevator back pressure to induce stall indication. NOTE: The stall indication should occur within the first 90 degrees of turn. On recovery… 6. Release elevator back pressure and apply full throttle. 7. Pitch and roll the airplane back to level flight. 8. Return to normal cruise flight (20”MP, 2300 RPM). 9. Complete Cruise checklist. Standards Demonstrate understanding of relationship between all factors effecting stall. Recover at first indication of stall. 17 STEEP TURNS Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook) Objective: To develop smoothness, coordination, orientation, division of attention, and control techniques while executing high performance turns. 1. Set throttles to maintain flight at 140 MPH in the turn (approximately 21” MP at 2300 RPM). 2. Roll into 50-degree bank and begin 360-degree turn. Maintain altitude and airspeed. 3. Begin rolling out of turn 15-20 degrees before starting heading. 4. Roll wings level, and immediately enter 360-degree turn in opposite direction. If necessary, use pitch to maintain altitude during transition. 5. Begin rolling out of turn 15-20 degrees before starting heading. 6. Return to normal cruise power (20” MP, 2300 RPM). 7. Perform Cruise checklist. Standards Altitude +/- 100 feet. Airspeed +/- 10 MPH. Heading +/- 10 degrees from starting heading. Bank +/- 5 degrees. 18 EMERGENCY DESCENT Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook), PA-30 POH 3-13 Objective: To descend the airplane as rapidly as possible within its operating limitations. 1. Ensure all seat belts and harnesses are fastened, and all loose items are secured. 2. Reduce throttles to idle. 3. Increase propellers to high RPM. 4. Extend landing gear. 5. Pitch airplane down to maintain 150 MPH descent. On recovery… 6. Return to level flight. 7. Return to normal cruise power (20”, 2300 RPM). 8. Perform Cruise checklist. NOTE: For training purposes, a gear-down configuration will be used. The costs and benefits of a gear-up emergency descent should be discussed. Standards Demonstrate understanding of aircraft limitations, and emergencies or situations requiring use of Emergency Descent procedures. 19 DEMONSTRATION OF DRAG Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook) Objective: To demonstrate the drag effects and climb capability of various aircraft configurations on a single engine. NOTE: This is a demonstrated flight maneuver only, and is not required to be performed on a Commercial Multiengine add-on checkride. It should be memorized and performed for a Multiengine Instructor checkride. 1. Pick one engine to be failed for the demonstration and close its associated cowl flap. 2. Reduced the failed engine’s throttle to idle. 3. Increase the remaining engine’s throttle to climb power (24” MP, 2400 RPM). 4. Establish controlled flight at 105 MPH [VYSE]. Note current vertical speed. 5. Lower the landing gear. Note current vertical speed. 6. Lower the flaps. Note current vertical speed. 7. Retract the landing gear, leaving only flaps extended. Note current vertical speed. 8. Retract flaps and return to normal cruise flight (20”, 2300 RPM) at starting altitude. 9. Perform Cruise checklist. Standards Demonstrate understanding of the effects of drag on climb performance. 20 SINGLE-ENGINE APPROACH AND LANDING Ref: FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook), PA-30 Emergencies and Abnormals Checklist Objective: To execute a safe approach and landing in the event of an engine failure. 1. Ensure that the Feathering and Securing checklist and the Single Engine Approach and Landing checklist have been completed. 2. Maintain a speed of at least 105 MPH [VYSE] as long as practical. 3. Do not extend landing gear or flaps until landing on a runway is assured. Leaving flaps fully retracted for the approach and landing is not uncommon. 4. Use caution to avoid a single-engine go-around if possible. Note: The Single Engine Approach/Landing Checklist takes the place of the Descent and Before Landing checklists; neither of these are required in a single engine scenario. Standards Altitude +/- 100 feet. Airspeed +/- 10 MPH. Heading +/- 10 degrees from starting heading. 21 DEMONSTRATION OF VMCA Ref: FAA-H-8083-3B (Airplane Flying Handbook – Chapter 12 Addendum) Objective: To demonstrate the speed at which the aircraft will begin losing directional control in a worst-case single-engine scenario. 1. Pick one engine to be failed for the maneuver, and close its associated cowl flap. 2. Reduce throttles to 15” MP and maintain altitude with trim. 3. As the airplane slows through 120 MPH, increase both propellers to high RPM. 4. Reduce the failed engine’s throttle to idle. 5. Gradually increase the remaining engine’s throttle to full. 6. Establish sustained flight at 105 MPH [VYSE]. 7. Add pitch to induce gradual speed decrease until first indication of stall or loss of directional control. On recovery… 8. Immediately lower nose and reduce power on operating engine to idle. 9. When directional control is regained and airspeed is safe, gradually return operating engine power to full. 10. Re-establish controlled flight at 105 MPH [VYSE]. 11. Once stable at 105 MPH, return both engines to normal cruise power (20” MP, 2300 RPM). 12. Perform Cruise checklist. NOTE: Any time a maneuver specifies sustained flight below 105 MPH [VYSE], pilots should exercise caution in case of an engine failure. During recovery, ensure that this speed is maintained or exceeded as soon as practical. Standards Bank <5 degrees towards operating engine. Heading +/- 20 degrees from initial. Speed +/- 5 MPH from VYSE on recovery. 22 ENGINE SHUTDOWN, FEATHER Ref: PA-30 Emergencies and Abnormals Checklist PA-30 POH 3-3 Objective: To safely identify and feather an inoperative engine while maintaining control of the aircraft at an altitude or flight phase not conducive to extensive troubleshooting. 1. Maintain directional control and at least 105 MPH [VYSE]. 2. Increase mixtures to full rich. 3. Increase propellers gradually to high RPM, to avoid exceeding the red line. 4. Increase throttles gradually to full power. 5. Ensure that flaps and landing gear are fully retracted. 6. Ensure that the fuel pumps are on. 7. Ensure that the fuel selectors are on the main tanks. 8. Identify and verbalize which engine has failed by determining which foot is not presently applying rudder pressure (the “dead” foot). 9. Verify and verbalize the inoperative engine by decreasing its associated throttle to idle. If the correct engine was chosen, there should be no change in power or directional control. 10. Feather and verbalize the inoperative engine by decreasing its associated propeller lever to the feather position. 11. Return to land as soon as possible. Continue to maintain directional control and at least 105 MPH. 12. If time permits, proceed to the Engine Feathering and Securing checklist. 23 FUEL CROSSFEEDING Ref: PA-30 Emergencies and Abnormals Checklist, PA-30 POH 3-4, 7-10 Objective: To effectively manage fuel in a single-engine cruise situation. 1. Maintain directional control and at least 105 MPH [VYSE]. 2. Turn the operating engine’s fuel pump is on. 3. With the inoperative engine’s fuel selector, choose the fuel tank to be utilized by the operating engine. 4. Select the “Crossfeed” position on the operating engine’s fuel selector (pointing inboard). Monitor fuel flow and ensure no loss of pressure or change of power. To return to normal operations… 5. Return the operating engine’s fuel selector to the desired tank on its respective side. 6. Return the inoperative engine’s fuel selector to the “Off” position (pointing outboard). 7. Set the operating engine’s fuel pump as required. NOTE: This procedure should only be used during level flight. Climbs and descents during crossfeed operations are prohibited. Standards Demonstrate understanding of when crossfeed operations should be considered, as well as any associated limitations. 24 PERFORMANCE/CONTROL INFORMATION Type of Flight MP RPM Level Cruise Flight 120 MPH 17” 2300 140 MPH 20” 2300 500fpm Straight Ahead Descent 120 MPH, Gear Up 15” 2300 120 MPH, Gear Down 17” 2300 800fpm Straight Ahead Descent 120 MPH, Gear Up 12” 2300 120 MPH, Gear Down 15” 2300 500fpm Straight Ahead Descent – SINGLE ENGINE 120 MPH, Gear Up 120 MPH, Gear Down 800fpm Straight Ahead Descent – SINGLE ENGINE 120 MPH, Gear Up 120 MPH, Gear Down 25 REQUIRED TASKS – AMEL ADD-ON Ref: FAA-S-ACS-7A (Commercial ACS) Table A-14 (Addition of Airplane Multiengine Land) I. Preflight Preparation F. Performance and Limitations G. Operation of Systems II. Preflight Procedures A. Preflight Assessment B. Flight Deck Management C. Engine Starting D. Taxiing F. Before Takeoff Check IV. Takeoffs, Landings and Go-Arounds A. Normal Takeoff and Climb B. Normal Approach and Landing E. Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb F. Short-Field Approach and Landing V. Performance and Ground Reference Maneuvers A. Steep Turns VII. Slow Flight and Stalls A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight B. Power-Off Stalls C. Power-On Stalls D. Accelerated Stalls E. Spin Awareness IX. Emergency Operations E. Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC F. Engine Failure After Liftoff G. Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine X. Multiengine Operations A. Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative B. VMC Demonstration C. One Engine Inoperative During Straight and Level Flight and Turns (simulated IMC) D. Instrument Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (simulated IMC)