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Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual

PIPER PA-44-180 Seminole · Pilot's Operating Handbook

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Overview

The Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) for the Piper PA-44-180 Seminole provides essential information required by federal regulations and additional manufacturer details. It serves as the FAA approved Airplane Flight Manual and must be carried in the aircraft at all times.

  • Applicable to Piper PA-44-180 model airplanes with specific serial numbers.
  • Includes FAA approved flight manual information.
  • Must be kept current with revisions from Piper.
  • Non-Piper approved STC installations require separate inspection criteria.
  • EASA approved except for certain equipment configurations.
  • Revisions are indicated by vertical lines on the page margins.
  • The handbook must be carried in the airplane at all times.

Document

Source

Originally published by thrustflight.com. Sprinkle hosts a reference copy with an added summary, specifications and searchable full text.

View original at thrustflight.com

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Document details

Type
·
Pilot's Operating Handbook
Year
·
2016
File size
·
16 MB
Publisher
·
thrustflight.com
Language
·
en
About this document
What is the Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual?

The Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual is a pilot's operating handbook for the PIPER PA-44-180 Seminole, dated 2016.

Where does the Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual come from?

This copy of the Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual was originally published by thrustflight.com and is hosted on Sprinkle as a free, searchable reference copy.

What year was the Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual published?

The Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual — the PIPER PA-44-180 Seminole pilot's operating handbook on file — is dated 2016.

Documentation completeness
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Most owners only have the POH. Here's the essential set for the PIPER PA-44-180 Seminole.

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In this document

Applicability

This handbook is limited to the specific Piper PA-44-180 model airplane designated by serial number and registration number.

Revisions

The handbook is kept current by revisions distributed to registered airplane owners, which must be inserted properly.

Warnings

Extreme care must be exercised to limit the use of this handbook to applicable aircraft.

Inspection and Maintenance

Inspection, maintenance, and parts requirements for non-Piper approved STC installations are not included.

EASA Approval

The flight manual is EASA approved except for aircraft equipped with specific standby instruments.

Revision Procedure

Revisions will be distributed as complete page replacements or additions and must be inserted according to specific instructions.

Safety notes

  • Extreme care must be exercised to limit the use of this handbook to applicable aircraft.
  • This handbook cannot be used for operational purposes unless kept in a current status.
  • Non-Piper approved STC installations may change systems interface and operating characteristics.

Full document text

SEMINOLE PA-44-180 SN 4496395, 4496397 AND UP WITH GARMIN G1000 SYSTEM PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK AND FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL AIRPLANE AIRPLANE SERIAL NO. ____________________ REGIST. NO. _________________ PA-44-180 REPORT: VB-2636 FAA APPROVED BY: ___________________________ ERIC A. WRIGHT O.D.A. 510620-CE DATE OF APPROVAL: PIPER AIRCRAFT, INC. NOVEMBER 3, 2016 VERO BEACH, FLORIDA THIS HANDBOOK INCLUDES THE MATERIAL REQUIRED TO BE FURNISHED TO THE PILOT BY THE FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE MANUFACTURER AND CONSTITUTES THE FAA APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL. THIS HANDBOOK MUST BE CARRIED IN THE AIRPLANE AT ALL TIMES. THIS FLIGHT MANUAL IS EASA APPROVED EXCEPT FOR AIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH G5 STANDBY I N S T RU M E N T O R H A R T Z E L L SCIMITAR PROPELLER BLADE. THIS APPROVAL IS VALID FOR THE AFM/ POH VB-2636. PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 ii REVISED: February 26, 2021 Published by TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS Piper Aircraft, Inc. Issued: November 3, 2016 © 2016–2021 Piper Aircraft, Inc. All Rights Reserved. PA-44-180, SEMINOLE ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 iii APPLICABILITY Application of this handbook is limited to the specific Piper PA-44-180 model airplane designated by serial number and registration number on the face of the title page of this handbook. Extreme care must be exercised to limit the use of this handbook to applicable aircraft. This handbook is valid for use with the airplane identified on the face of the title page. Subsequent revisions supplied by Piper must be properly inserted. This handbook cannot be used for operational purposes unless kept in a current status. Inspection, maintenance and parts requirements for all non-PIPER APPROVED STC installations are not included in this handbook. When a non-PIPER APPROVED STC installation is incorporated on the airplane, those portions of the airplane affected by the installation must be inspected in accordance with the inspection program published by the owner of the STC. Since non-PIPER APPROVED STC installations may change systems interface, operating characteristics and component loads or stresses on adjacent structures, PIPER provided inspection criteria may not be valid for airplanes with non-PIPER APPROVED STC installations. WARNING WARNING WARNING PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 iv REVISIONS The Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual, with the exception of the equipment list, is kept current by revisions which are distributed to the registered airplane owners. The equipment list was current at the time the airplane was certified by the manufacturer and thereafter must be maintained by the owner. Revision material will consist of information necessary to add, update or correct the text of the present handbook and/or to add supplemental information to cover added airplane equipment. I. Identifying Revised Material Each handbook page is dated at the bottom of the page showing both the date of original issue and the date of the latest revision. Revised text and illustrations are indicated by a black vertical line located along the outside margin of each revised page opposite the revised, added, or deleted information. A vertical line next to the page number indicates that an entire page has been changed or added. Vertical black lines indicate current revisions only. Correction of typographical or grammatical errors or the physical relocation of information on a page will not be indicated by a symbol. II. Revision Procedure Revisions will be distributed whenever necessary as complete page replacements or additions and shall be inserted into the handbook in accordance with the instructions given below. 1. Revision pages will replace only pages with the same page number. 2. Insert all additional pages in proper numerical order within each section. Discard old page. 3. Insert page numbers followed by a small letter in direct sequence with the same commonly numbered page. ORIGINAL PAGES ISSUED The original pages issued for this handbook prior to revision are given below: Title, ii through viii, 1-1 through 1-16, 2-1 through 2-20, 3-1 through 3-52, 4-1 through 4-30, 5-1 through 5-34, 6-1 through 6-14, 7-1 through 7-82, 8-1 through 8-22, 9-1 through 9-24, 10-1 through 10-4. PA-44-180, SEMINOLE ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 v REVISED: December 15, 2017 Rev. 1 ii Updated copyright. (PR171215) v, vi Added Rev. 1 to L of R. 1-5 Revised Para. 1.5. 1-7 Revised Para. 1.13. 1-8, -9 Revised Para. 1.21. 1-12 - Revised and reordered 1-15 terminology of Para. 1.23. 2-i Revised T of C. 2-3 Revised Para. 2.7. 2-7 thru Revised Para. 2.27. 2-9 2-11 Revised Para. 2.27. 2-13, -14 Revised Para. 2.27. 2-17 Revised Para. 2.31. 3-i, -ii Revised T of C. 3-1 Revised Para. 3.1. 3-4 thru Revised Para. 3.1 - typos, 3-6 checklist page numbers. 3-7 thru Revised Para. 3.5a. 3-14 3-19 Revised Para. 3.5b 3-20 thru Revised and relocated 3-22 Paras. 3.5c, 3.5d and 3.5e. 3-23, -24 Revised Para. 3.5e. 3-29, -30 Revised Para. 3.5j. 3-50 Revised Para. 3.5o. 3-51 Revised Para. 3.5q. 3-52 Revised Para. 3.5t. 4-i Revised T of C. 4-8 Revised Para. 4.5b. 4-10 Revised Para. 4.5c 4-10a, Added pages. Revised and 4-10b relocated Para. 4.5c. PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS Revision FAA Approved Number and Revised Description of Revisions Signature Code Pages and Date Current Revisions to the PA-44-180, Seminole Pilot’s Operating Handbook, REPORT: VB-2636 issued November 3, 2016 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 vi PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont.) Revision FAA Approved Number and Revised Description of Revisions Signature Code Pages and Date REVISED: July 2, 2018 Rev. 1 4-11 thru Revised and relocated (continued) 4-14 Para’s. 4.5c and 4.5d. 4-15, -16 Revised Para’s. 4.5f and 4.5g.

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4-17 Revised Para. 4.5h. 4-19, -20 Revised Para. 4.5j. 4-22 Revised Para. 4.5l. 4-25 Revised Para. 4.5m. 5-4 thru Revised Para. 5.5. 5-7 6-5 Revised Para. 6.5 - typo. 7-i, ii Revised T of C. Page numbers. 7-2 Revised Para. 7.5. 7-5 Revised Fig. 7-1. 7-6 Revised Para. 7.7. 7-9 Revised Para. 7.9. 7-12 Revised Para. 7.9. 7-16 Revised Para. 7.9. 7-21 Revised Para. 7.9. 7-54 Revised Para. 7.15. 7-56 thru Revised Fig. 7-17 and 7-58 Para. 7-17. 7-59, -60 Revised Para. 7.19. 7-61 Revised Fig. 7-21. 7-63 Revised Para. 7.19. 7-65 Revised Fig. 7-25. 7-75 Revised Fig. 7-33 index. 7-76 Revised Para. 7.27. 9-i Revised T of C. ____________ 9-25 Added Supplement 5. Eric A. Wright 9-56 Added pages. December 15, 2017 Rev. 2 ii Updated copyright. (PR180702) vi Added Rev. 2 to L of R. vi-a, -b Added new pages. PA-44-180, SEMINOLE ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 vi-a PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont.) Revision FAA Approved Number and Revised Description of Revisions Signature Code Pages and Date Rev. 2 2-4 Revised Para. 2.11. (continued) 2-17 Revised Para. 2.31. 3-22 Revised Para. 3.5e to amend Oil Pressure procedure. 3-30 Typo. 4-i Revised T.O.C. 4-8 Revised Para. 4.5b. 4-10b - Relocated text to accommodate 4-14 addition to page 4-15. 4-15 Revised Para. 4.5f. 7-45 Revised Standby Instrument. 7-60 Revised Para. 7.19. ____________ 9-i Revised T.O.C. Eric A. Wright 9-57, -58 Added Supplement 6. July 2, 2018 Rev. 3 vi-a, -b Added Rev. 3 to L of R. (PR181001) 1-8, -9 Revised Para. 1.21. 1-8a thru Added pages for table. 1-8j 2-7 thru Revised Para. 2.27. 2-15 2-18 thru Revised Para. 2.33. 2-20 3-2, -3 Revised Para. 3.1. 3-19 Revised Para. 3.5c. 3-32 thru Revised Para. 3.5k. 3-38 3-41, -42 Revised Para. 3.5k. 3-52 Revised Para. 3.5t. 4-13 Revised Para. 4.5d. 4-26 Revised Para. 4.5o. 6-i Revised T.O.C. 7-1 Revised Para. 7.3. 7-3 Revised Para. 7.5. 7-7 Revised Para. 7.9. REVISED: October 1, 2018 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 vi-b PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont.) Revision FAA Approved Number and Revised Description of Revisions Signature Code Pages and Date Rev. 3 7-10 thru Revised Primary Flight (cont.) 7-13 Display information. 7-17 Revised Fig. 7-5. 7-20 Revised TIS Alerts. 7-21 Revised TAS Alerts. 7-23, -24 Revised TAS Alerts. 7-25, -26 Relocate text. 7-27 thru Revised TAWS-B to add 7-32 WireAware information. Relocated text and revised Table 7-1. 7-36, -37 Removed CRG-PG info. 7-38 Revised Databases typos. 7-40, -41 Revised Para. 7.10. 7-43 Revised Level Mode. 7-44 Removed CRG-PG info. 9-24 Revised Legend Note. 9-32 Revised Para. 4.5b. ____________ 9-40 thru Revised Para. 4.5f Eric A. Wright 9-42 and relocated text. October 1, 2018 Rev. 4 i Added EASA approval. (PR191216) ii Updated copyright. vi-b Added Rev. 4 to L of R. 2-8 thru Revised Para. 2.27 and 2-17 relocated Para’s 2.29, 2.31. 2-18 Relocated Para’s 2.29 and 2.31. Revised Para. 2.31. 2-19, -20 Relocated Para. 2.33. 4-29 Revised Para. 4.5t. 7-7, -8 Revised Para. 7.9. 7-29 Revised TAWS-B Note. 7-38 Revised Databases info. ____________ 7-40 Revised Para. 7.10. Eric A. Wright 9-57 Revised Supplement 6. December 16, 2019 REVISED: December 16, 2019 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 vi-c PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont.) Revision FAA Approved Number and Revised Description of Revisions Signature Code Pages and Date Rev. 5 ii Updated copyright. (PR200402) vi-c, -d Added Rev. 5 to L of R. Added new pages. 1-5 Revised Para. 1.7. 1-6 Revised Para. 1.11. 1-8a thru Revised Para. 1.21. Column 1-8j header typo PNB to PBN. 2-i Revised T.O.C. 2-1 Revised Para. 2.1. 2-2, -3 Relocate text and revised Para. 2.7. 2-9 thru Revised Para. 2.27(d). 2-11 2-18, -19 Revised Para. 2.31. 3-19, -20 Revised Para. 3.5c. 4-10b Revised Para. 4.5c. 4-12 Revised Para. 4.5c. 4-13 Revised Para. 4.5d. 4-16 Revised Para. 4.5g. 4-26 Revised Para. 4.5o. 4-29 Revised Para. 4.5t. 5-9 Revised List of Figures. 5-26 Revised Fig. 5-25. 5-30 thru Relocate figures, revised Fig. 5-33 5-35 and added Fig. 5-35a. 7-43 Revised ESP paragraph. 7-45 thru Revised Standby Instrument. 7-46 Added pages 7-45a & 7-45b 7-61, -62 Revised Fig. 7-21, Fig. 7-23. 7-67, -68 Revised Para. 7.21, Fig. 7-27. 7-73 thru Revised Para. 7.25, Fig. 7-33 7-75 and Fig. 7-33 index. 8-12 Revised Para. 8.19. 9-i Revised T.O.C. 9-39 Revised Para. 4.5d. 9-41 Revised Para. 4.5g. 9-53 thru Revised Supplement 5, Fig. 9-55 7-33 and Fig. 7-33 index. __________ 9-59 thru Added Supplement 7. Eric A. Wright 9-66 April 2, 2020 REVISED: April 2, 2020 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 vi-d PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont.) Revision FAA Approved Number and Revised Description of Revisions Signature Code Pages and Date Rev. 6 i Revised EASA approval. (PR200616) vi-d Added Rev. 6 to L of R. 2-3 Added Para. 2.7 Note. __________ 2-19 Added Para. 2.31 Note. Scott Edwards 4-17, -18 Revised Para. 4.5h June 16, 2020 Rev. 7 ii Updated copyright. (PR210226) vi-d Added Rev. 7 to L of R. 1-5 Revised Para. 1.7. 1-6 Revised Para. 1.11. 2-3 Revised Para. 2.7(g). 2-7 Revised Para. 2.27(b). 2-9 Revised Para. 2.27(d). 2-17 Removed Para. 2.27 Note. 3-42 Revised Para. 3.5(k) typo. 7-46 Revised Para. 7.11. 7-48 Revised Figure 7-9. 7-48a, Added pages. Added 7-48b Figure 7-9 (Sheet 2 of 2). 7-49 Revised Figure 7-11. 8-2 Revised Para. 8.1. 8-6 Revised Para. 8.7. 8-12 Revised Para. 8.17. 8-12a, Added pages. 8-12b Relocated text. 8-13 Revised Para. 8.21. ____________ 9-4 Revised Section 4. Mitchell R. Cannon 10-2 Revised Para. 10.3. February 26, 2021 REVISED: February 26, 2021 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 GENERAL SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION 7 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF THE AIRPLANE AND ITS SYSTEMS SECTION 8 AIRPLANE HANDLING, SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE SECTION 9 SUPPLEMENTS SECTION 10 OPERATING TIPS PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 viii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-i 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Notations.................................................................................. 1-3 1.5 Engines .................................................................................... 1-5 1.7 Propellers ................................................................................. 1-5 1.9 Fuel .......................................................................................... 1-6 1.11 Oil .......................................................................................... 1-6 1.13 Maximum Weights .................................................................. 1-7 1.15 Standard Airplane Weights ..................................................... 1-7 1.17 Baggage Space and Entry Dimensions ................................... 1-7 1.19 Specific Loading...................................................................... 1-7 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) Navigation System Equipment Approvals ............................................ 1-8 1.23 Symbols, Abbreviations and Terminology.............................. 1-10 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 GENERAL Paragraph Page No. No. SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-ii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-1 SECTION 1 GENERAL 1.1 INTRODUCTION This Pilot’s Operating Handbook is designed as an operating guide for the pilot. It contains all of the information that must be provided in an Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) under Federal Aviation Regulation. Additional information is provided by the airplane manufacturer regarding the characteristics and operation of the airplane and its systems. This handbook is not designed as a substitute for adequate and competent flight instruction, knowledge of current airworthiness directives and applicable federal air regulations or advisory circulars. It is not intended to be a guide for basic flight instruction or a training manual. It should not be used for operational purposes unless kept in a current status under the revision procedure described on page iv. Assurance that the airplane is in an airworthy condition is the responsibility of the owner. The pilot in command is responsible for determining that the airplane is safe for flight. The pilot is also responsible for remaining within the operating limitations as outlined by instrument markings, placards, and this handbook. This handbook should not be used solely as an occasional operating reference. The pilot should study the entire handbook to become familiar with the limitations, performance, procedures and operational handling characteristics of the airplane before flight. The handbook has been divided into numbered sections, each provided with a tab divider for quick reference. The limitations and emergency procedures have been placed ahead of the normal procedures, performance and other sections, to provide easier access to information that may be required in flight. The Emergency Procedures section has been furnished with a red tab divider for instant reference. Provisions for expansion of the handbook have been made by the deliberate omission of certain paragraph numbers, figure numbers, item numbers and pages noted as intentionally left blank. In countries other than the United States of America, FAA operating rules may not apply. Operators must ensure that the aircraft is operated in accordance with national operating rules. NOTE SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-2 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-3 1.3 NOTATIONS Operating procedures or techniques which may result in personal injury or loss of life if not carefully followed or a hazard which may require immediate crew recognition and corrective action. Operating procedures or techniques which may result in damage to equipment if not carefully followed or the need for immediate crew awareness and possible need for future corrective action. Supplemental information or highlights considered of sufficient significance to require emphasizing. THIS SPACE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK WARNING CAUTION NOTE SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-4 THREE VIEW Figure 1-1 SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-5 Propeller Manufacturer Hartzell Hartzell Blade Model and Description HC-C2Y(K, R)-2CEUF/ FC7666A-2R (Left) HC-C2Y(K, R)-2CLEUF/ FJC7666A-2R (Right) Straight Blade HC-C2YR-2CEUFP/ FC7497 (Left) HC-C2YR-2CLEUFP/ FJC7497 (Right) Scimitar Blade Number of Blades 2 2 Propeller Diameter (inches) 74 (Maximum) 72 (Minimum) 74 (Maximum) 72.5 (Minimum) Propeller Type Constant Speed, Hydraulically Actuated, Full Feathering Constant Speed, Hydraulically Actuated, Full Feathering REVISED: February 26, 2021 1.5 ENGINES (a) Number of Engines 2 (b) Engine Manufacturer Lycoming (c) Engine Model Number Left IO-360-B1G6 Right LIO-360-B1G6 (d) Rated Horsepower 180 (e) Rated Speed (RPM) 2700 (f) Bore (in.) 5.125 (g) Stroke (in.) 4.375 (h) Displacement (cu. in.) 361 (i) Compression Ratio 8.5:1 (j) Engine Type Fuel Injected, Four Cylinder, Direct Drive, Horizontally Opposed, Air Cooled 1.7 PROPELLERS The installed propellers may be: SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-6 REVISED: February 26, 2021 1.9 FUEL AVGAS ONLY (a) Fuel Capacity (U.S. gal.) (total) 110 (b) Usable Fuel (U.S. gal.) (total) 108 (c) Fuel (1) Minimum Octane 100 Green or 100LL Blue Aviation Grade 1.11 OIL (a) Oil Capacity (U.S. qts.) (per engine) 8 (b) Oil Specification Refer to latest revision of Lycoming Service Instruction 1014. (c) Oil Viscosity per Average Ambient Refer to latest revision Temperature for Starting. of Lycoming Service Instruction 1014. SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-7 REVISED: December 15, 2017 1.13 MAXIMUM WEIGHTS (a) Maximum Ramp Weight (lb) 3816 (b) Maximum Takeoff Weight (lb) 3800 (c) Maximum Landing Weight (lb) 3800 (d) Maximum Weight in Baggage Compartment (lb) 200 1.15 STANDARD AIRPLANE WEIGHTS Refer to Figure 6-5 for the Standard Empty Weight and the Useful Load. 1.17 BAGGAGE SPACE AND ENTRY DIMENSIONS (a) Compartment Volume (cu. ft.) 24 (b) Entry Dimensions (in.) (1) Entry Width (in.) 22 (2) Entry Height(in.) 20 1.19 SPECIFIC LOADING (a) Wing Loading (lbs. per sq. ft.) 21.1 (b) Power Loading (lbs. per hp) 10.55 SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-8 REVISED: October 1, 2018 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS The Garmin G1000 Integrated Avionics GNSS long range navigation system installed in this airplane is a GPS system with a Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) comprised of two TSO-C145d Class 3 approved Garmin GIA 64Ws, TSO-C146d Class 3 approved Garmin GDU Display Units (1050 and 1054), and two Garmin-approved GA36 GPS/SBAS antennas (one is a GA37 if optional GDL 69 is installed), and GPS software version 5.1 or later approved version. The Garmin GNSS navigation system in this aircraft is installed in accordance with AC 20-138D. When all the equipment is operative, the Garmin G1000 system has two independent GNSS long-range navigation systems. Failure of any of the above equipment or the posting of ‘BOTH ON GPS1’ or ‘BOTH ON GPS2’ annunciators indicate only one operational GNSS system. The Garmin G1000 Integrated Avionics GNSS navigation system as installed in this airplane complies with the requirements of AC 20-138D and has airworthiness approval for navigation using GPS and GPS/SBAS (within the coverage of a Satellite Based Augmentation System complying with ICAO Annex 10) for IFR en-route, terminal area, non-precision approach, and approach procedures with vertical guidance operations. The Garmin G1000 Integrated Avionics GNSS navigation system as installed in this airplane complies with the equipment, performance, and functional requirements established for the following navigation specifications. SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-8a REVISED: April 2, 2020 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ RNAV 10 RNP 10 Oceanic and Remote Areas of Operation (Class II Navigation) GNSS FDE/RAIM availability must be verified prior to flight. Maximum predicted FDE/RAIM unavailability is 34 minutes. 1 Two GNSS systems required to be operational, (one GNSS system for those routes requiring only one long range navigation system). No time limit using GNSS as the primary navigation sensor. Part 91, Part 91 subpart K, 121, 125, and 135 operators require operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-105A. FAA AC 91-70B. EASA AMC 20-12. R A1 The GPS equipment as installed complies with the requirements for GPS primary means of Class II navigation in oceanic and remote airspace without reliance on other long-range navigation systems, when used in conjunction with the G1000 WFDE Prediction program. 1 B-RNAV / RNAV 5 (Europe) Must have GNSS/ SBAS capability and availability or GNSS RAIM/FDE availability must be verified prior to flight. Maximum predicted RAIM/ FDE unavailability is 5 minutes. 1 This does not constitute an operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-96A CHG 1. EASA AMC 20-4A. R B2 SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-8b REVISED: April 2, 2020 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ RNP 4 Oceanic and Remote Areas of Operation (Class II Navigation) GNSS FDE/RAIM availability must be verified prior to flight. Maximum predicted FDE/RAIM unavailability is 25 minutes. 1 Two operational long-range nav systems required, (or one navigation system and one GNSS sensor for those routes requiring only one long-range navigation sensor). No time limit using GNSS as the primary navigation sensor. Part 91, Part 91 subpart K, 121, 125, and 135 operators require operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-105A. FAA AC 91-70B. R L1 The GPS equipment as installed complies with the requirements for GPS primary means of Class II navigation in oceanic and remote airspace without reliance on other long-range navigation systems, when used in conjunction with the G1000 WFDE Prediction program. 1 SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-8c REVISED: April 2, 2020 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ RNAV 2 Must have GNSS/ SBAS capability and availability or GNSS RAIM/FDE availability must be verified prior to flight. Maximum predicted RAIM/ FDE unavailability is 5 minutes. 1 The GNSS RNAV system is installed and meets the performance and functional requirements of AC 90-100A CHG 2. In accordance with AC 90-100A, CHG 2, Part 91 operators (except subpart K) following the aircraft and training guidance in AC 90-100A CHG 2 are authorized to fly RNAV 2 procedures. Part 91 subpart K, 121, 125, 129, and 135 operators require operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-100A CHG 2. R C2 Includes RNAV Q and T routes. SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-8d REVISED: April 2, 2020 Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ RNAV 1 Must have GNSS/ SBAS capability and availability or GNSS RAIM/FDE availability must be verified prior to flight. Maximum predicted RAIM/ FDE unavailability is 5 minutes. 1 The GNSS RNAV system is installed and meets the performance and functional requirements of AC 90-100A CHG 2. In accordance with AC 90-100A, CHG 2, Part 91 operators (except subpart K) following the aircraft and training guidance in AC 90-100A CHG 2 are authorized to fly RNAV 1 procedures. Part 91 subpart K, 121, 125, 129, and 135 operators require operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-100A CHG 2. R D2 Includes RNAV terminal departure and arrival procedures. 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-8e REVISED: April 2, 2020 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ P-RNAV (Europe) GNSS receiver is required for takeoff in P-RNAV airspace. Must have GNSS/ SBAS capability and availability or GNSS RAIM/FDE availability must be verified prior to flight. This does not constitute an operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-96A CHG 1. JAA TGL10 Rev 1. R D2 ICAO flight plan code for P-RNAV no longer exists. P-RNAV utilizes RNAV 1 flight plan codes. RNP 1 Procedures containing Radius-to-Fix (RF) legs are not authorized. Must have GNSS/ SBAS capability and availability or GNSS RAIM/FDE availability must be verified prior to flight. Maximum predicted RAIM/ FDE unavailability is 5 minutes. 1 In accordance with AC 90-105A, Part 91 operators (except subpart K), following the aircraft and training guidance in AC 90-105A are authorized to fly RNP 1 procedures. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-105A. R O2 Includes RNP terminal departure and arrival procedures. SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-8f REVISED: April 2, 2020 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ RNP 1 (continued) Part 91 subpart K, 121, 125, 129, and 135 operators require operational approval. (continued) (cont.) (cont.) (continued) RNP APCH LNAV minima Procedures containing Radius-to-Fix (RF) legs are not authorized. Must have GNSS/ SBAS capability and availability or GNSS RAIM/FDE availability must be verified prior to flight. Maximum predicted RAIM/ FDE unavailability is 5 minutes. 1 All instrument approach procedures that are retrieved from the current navigation database are authorized. In accordance with AC 90-105A, Part 91 operators (except subpart K), following the aircraft and training guidance in AC 90-105A are authorized to fly RNP APCH LNAV minima procedures. Part 91 subpart K, 121, 125, 129, and 135 operators require operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-105A. EASA AMC 20-27A. R S1 Includes non-precision approaches based on conventional navigation aids with “or GPS” in the title and area navigation approaches titled “GPS”, “RNAV (GPS)”, and “RNAV (GNSS)”. SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-8g REVISED: April 2, 2020 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ RNP APCH LNAV/ VNAV minima Procedures containing Radius-to-Fix (RF) legs are not authorized. Must have GNSS/ SBAS capability and availability or GNSS RAIM/FDE availability must be verified prior to flight. Maximum predicted RAIM/ FDE unavailability is 5 minutes. 1 All instrument approach procedures that are retrieved from the current navigation database are authorized. In accordance with AC 90-105A, Part 91 operators (except subpart K), following the aircraft and training guidance in AC 90-105A are authorized to fly RNP APCH LNAV/VNAV minima procedures. Part 91 subpart K, 121, 125, 129, and 135 operators require operational approval. This aircraft is not authorized to perform Barometric Based Vertical Guidance (baro-VNAV) approches in the EASA airspace system. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-105A. EASA AMC 20-27A with CM-AS-002. R S2 Includes area navigation approaches titled “RNAV (GPS)” and “RNAV (GNSS).” Vertical guidance is based on GPS/SBAS when within SBAS coverage and by baro-VNAV when outside SBAS coverage, or when SBAS has been pilot disabled for approaches with ‘WAAS VNAV NA’. The aircraft complies with the criteria of AMC 20-27 for RNP approaches to LNAV/ VNAV minima, with the exception that VNAV is based on SBAS/GNSS geometric altitude when SBAS/GNSS is available and authorized SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-8h REVISED: April 2, 2020 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ RNP APCH LP minima Procedures containing Radius-to-Fix (RF) Legs are not authorized. All instrument approach procedures that are retrieved from the current navigation database are authorized. In accordance with AC 90-107, Part 91 operators (except subpart K), following the operational considerations and training guidance in AC 90-107 are authorized to fly RNP APCH LP minima procedures. Part 91 subpart K, 121, 125, 129, and 135 operators require operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-107. N/A N/A Includes area navigation approaches titled “RNAV (GPS)” and “RNAV (GNSS)”. GNSS/SBAS capability and availability is required for LP procedures. SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-8i REVISED: April 2, 2020 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ RNP APCH LPV minima Procedures containing Radius-to-Fix (RF) Legs are not authorized. All instrument approach procedures that are retrieved from the current navigation database are authorized. In accordance with AC 90-107, Part 91 operators (except subpart K), following the aircraft and training guidance in AC 90-107 are authorized to fly RNP APCH LPV minima procedures. Part 91 subpart K, 121, 125, 129, and 135 operators require operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. FAA AC 90-107. EASA AMC 20-28. B N/A Includes area navigation approaches titled “RNAV (GPS)” and “RNAV (GNSS).” GNSS/SBAS capability and availability is required for LPV procedures. RNP AR APCH Not Authorized. SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-8j REVISED: April 2, 2020 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) Navigation Specification Operational Requirements/ Authorizations Reference Documents ICAO Flight Plan Code Notes Item 10a Code Item 18 PBN/ Advanced RNP See Notes for specific Advanced RNP functions. This does not constitute an operational approval. FAA AC 20-138D. N/A N/A RNAV Holding: Supported. RF Legs: Not supported. Parallel Offsets: Supported. Higher Continuity: Supported when both GIA 64 GPS/SBAS receivers are operating and providing GPS navigation guidance. Scalable RNP: Not supported. Fixed Radius Transitions (FRT): Not supported. Time of Arrival Control (TOAC): Not supported. SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-9 REVISED: October 1, 2018 1. FDE/RAIM availability worldwide can be determined via the following: • Using the Garmin RAIM/Fault Detection and Exclusion Prediction Tool available on the Garmin website fly.garmin.com. Also, within the United States: • Via the FAA’s RAIM Service Availability Prediction Tool (SAPT) website: http://sapt.faa.gov. • Contacting a Flight Service Station (not DUATS) to obtain non- precision approach RAIM. Also, within Europe: • Europe’s AUGER GPS RAIM Prediction Tool at http://augur. ecacnav.com/augur/app/home. Verification of FDE/RAIM availability is not necessary if SBAS coverage is confirmed to be available along the entire route of flight. Garmin International holds an FAA Type 2 Letter of Acceptance (LOA) in accordance with AC 20-153A for database integrity, quality, and database management practices for the Navigation database. Flight crews and operators can view the LOA status at FlyGarmin.com then select” Type 2 LOA Status”. Navigation information is referenced to the WGS-84 reference system. 1.21 G1000 GNSS (GPS/SBAS) NAVIGATION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT APPROVALS (continued) SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-10 1.23 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY The following definitions are of symbols, abbreviations and terminology used throughout the handbook and those which may be of added operational significance to the pilot. (a) General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols CAS Calibrated Airspeed means the indicated speed of an airplane, corrected for position and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level. KCAS Calibrated Airspeed expressed in Knots. GS Ground Speed is the speed of an airplane relative to the ground. IAS Indicated Airspeed is the airspeed of an airplane as shown on the airspeed indicator when corrected for instrument error. IAS values published in this handbook assume zero instrument error. KIAS Indicated Airspeed expressed in Knots. TAS True Airspeed is the airspeed of an airplane relative to undisturbed air which is the CAS corrected for altitude, temperature and compressibility. KTAS True Airspeed expressed in Knots. Vo Maximum Operating Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which application of full available aerodynamic control will not overstress the airplane. SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-11 1.23 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY (continued) VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended position. VLE Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed is the maximum speed at which an airplane can be safely flown with the landing gear extended. VLO Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed is the maximum speed at which the landing gear can be safely extended or retracted. VMCA Air Minimum Control Speed is the mini- mum flight speed at which the airplane is directionally controllable as determined in accordance with Federal Aviation Regu- lations. Airplane certification conditions include one engine becoming inoperative and windmilling. not more than a 5º bank towards the operative engine, takeoff power on operative engine, landing gear up, flaps in takeoff position, and most rearward C.G. VNE Never Exceed Speed is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time. VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that should not be exceeded except in smooth air and then only with caution. VS Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable. VSO Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable in the landing configuration. SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-12 REVISED: December 15, 2017 1.23 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY (continued) VSSE Intentional One Engine Inoperative Speed is a minimum speed selected by the manu- facturer for intentionally rendering one engine inoperative in flight for pilot training. VX Best Angle-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed which delivers the greatest gain of altitude in the shortest possible horizontal distance. VY Best Rate-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed which delivers the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest possible time. (b) Meteorological Terminology IMC Instrument Meterological Conditions. ISA International Standard Atmosphere in which: (1) The air is a dry perfect gas; (2) The temperature at sea level is 15° Celsius (59° Fahrenheit); (3) The pressure at sea level is 29.92 in. Hg (1013.2 mb) (4) The temperature gradient from sea level to the altitude at which the temperature is -56.5°C (-69.7°F) is -0.00198°C ( - 0 . 0 0 3 5 6 4 ° F ) p e r f o o t a n d z e r o above that altitude. OAT Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature obtained either from inflight temperature indications or ground meteoro- logical sources, adjusted for instrument error and compressibility effects. Indicated The number actually read from an altimeter Pressure Altitude when the barometric subscale has been set to 29.92 in. Hg (1013.2 mb). SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-13 REVISED: December 15, 2017 1.23 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY (continued) Pressure Altitude Altitude measured from standard sea- level pressure (29.92 in. Hg) by a pressure or barometric altimeter. It is the indicated pressure altitude corrected for position and instrument error. In this handbook, altimeter instrument errors are assumed to be zero. Station Pressure Actual atmospheric pressure at field elevation. Wind The wind velocities recorded as variables on the charts of this handbook are to be understood as the headwind or tailwind components of the reported winds. (c) Power Terminology Takeoff Power Maximum power permissible for takeoff. Maximum Continuous Maximum power permissible continuously Power during flight. Maximum Climb Maximum power permissible during Power climb. Maximum Cruise Maximum power permissible during Power cruise. (d) Engine Instruments EGT Exhaust Gas Temperature MAP Manifold Pressure RPM Propeller Speed (revolutions per minute) FFLOW Fuel Flow CHT Cylinder Head Temperature (e) Airplane Performance and Flight Planning Terminology Accelerate-stop The distance required to accelerate an air- Distance plane to a specified speed and, assuming failure of an engine at the instant that speed is attained; to bring the airplane to a stop. SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-14 REVISED: December 15, 2017 1.23 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY (continued) Climb Gradient The demonstrated ratio of the change in height during a portion of a climb, to the horizontal distance traversed in the same time interval. Demonstrated The demonstrated crosswind velocity is the Crosswind velocity of the crosswind component for Velocity which adequate control of the airplane during takeoff and landing was actually demonstrated during certification tests. Route Segment A part of a route. Each end of that part is identified by (1) a geographical location or (2) a point at which a definite radio fix can be established. (f) Weight and Balance Terminology A.O.D. Aft of Datum. Arm The horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of gravity (C.G.) of an item. Center of Gravity The point at which an airplane would balance (C.G.) if suspended. Its distance from the reference datum is found by dividing the total moment by the total weight of the airplane. C.G. Arm The arm obtained by adding the airplane’s individual moments and dividing the sum by the total weight. C.G. Limits The extreme center of gravity locations within which the airplane must be operated at a given weight. Datum An imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distances are measured for balance purposes. SECTION 1 PA-44-180, SEMINOLE GENERAL ISSUED: November 3, 2016 REPORT: VB-2636 1-15 REVISED: December 15, 2017 1.23 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY (continued) Basic Empty S t a n d a r d e m p t y w e i g h t p l u s o p t i o n a l Weight equipment. Maximum Maximum weight approved for the landing Landing Weight touchdown. Maximum Ramp Maximum weight approved for ground Weight maneuver. (It includes weight of start, taxi and run-up fuel). Maximum Maximum weight approved for the start of the Takeoff Weight takeoff run. Maximum Zero Maximum weight exclusive of usable fuel. Fuel Weight Moment The product of the weight of an item multi- plied by its arm. (Moment divided by a constant is used to simplify balance calcu- lations by reducing the number of digits.) Payload Weight of occupants, cargo and baggage. Standard Empty Weight of a standard airplane including Weight unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full oil. Station A location along the airplane fuselage usually given in terms of distance in inches from the reference datum. Unusable Fuel Fuel remaining after a runout test has been completed in accordance with govern-mental regulations. Usable Fuel Fuel available for flight planning. Useful Load Difference between takeoff weight, or ramp weight if applicable, and basic empty weight. SECTION 1 GENERAL PA-44-180, SEMINOLE REPORT: VB-2636 ISSUED: November 3, 2016 1-16 1.23 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY (continued) (g) Avionics System Abbreviations/Terminology 1 Refers to pilot’s side (AHRS1, ADC1, GPS1) 2 Refers to co-pilot’s side (AHRS2, ADC2, GPS2) ADC Air Data Computer ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast AFCS Automatic Flight Control System AHRS Attitude and Heading Reference System CAS Crew Alerting System EBD Evolution Backup Display (Aspen standby instrument) EIS Engine Indication System FDE Fault Detection and Exclusion FOB Fuel On Board GDL Garmin Data Link GDU Garmin Display Unit GEA Garmin Engine/Airframe Processing Unit GFC Garmin Flight Control System GIA Garmin Integrated Avionics Unit GMA Garmin Audio Panel GMU Garmin Magnetometer Unit GPS Global Positioning System GRS Garmin AHRS GTX Garmin Transponder MFD Multi-Function Display PFD Primary Flight Display PFT Preflight Test SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System TAWS Terrain Awareness and Warning System WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System

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