Flight Review Guide

Aircraft used most often____________________________________________ For this aircraft: Total time_________ Last 6 months________ Avg hours/month_________ Experience (Flight environment): Since your last flight review, approximately how many hours have you logged in: Day VFR___________ Day IFR__________ IMC________________ Night VFR__________ Night IFR________ Mountainous terrain_______________ Overwater flying_________________ Airport with control tower_________ Airport w/o control tower________ Type of Flying (External factors): What percentage of your flying is for: Pleasure_________Business______ Local_______ XC_______ Personal Skills Assessment: What are your strengths as a pilot?___________________________________________________ What do you most want to practice/improve?_________________________________________ What are your aviation goals?________________________________________________________ - 6 - Flight Review Guide Soeren Sauer NTSB Reports : (use for attitude determination and ADM as well as SBT) NTSB Identification: MIA04CA048. The docket is stored in the Docket Management System (DMS). Please contact Records Management Division Accident occurred Friday, January 23, 2004 in Vero Beach, FL Probable Cause Approval Date: 04/28/2004 Aircraft: Robinson R44, registration: N77KK Injuries: 1 Uninjured. On January 23, 2004, about 0500 eastern standard time, a Robinson R44, N77KK, listed with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as "Registration Pending", rolled over while hover taxiing at the Vero Beach Municipal Airport, Vero Beach, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed for the 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight. The heliocopter was substantially damaged and the private-rated pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured. The flight was originating at the time of the accident. The pilot stated he went out to warm up the helicopter about 0500, and while hover taxiing north to reposition the helicopter for a planned flight at 0730, the left skid contacted a hedge bush row and the helicopter rolled onto its left side. He further stated there was no mechanical failure or malfunction. His biennial flight review expired February 28, 2003. NTSB Identification: CEN12FA139 14 CFR Part 91: General Aviation Accident occurred Thursday, January 19, 2012 in Centerville, LA Probable Cause Approval Date: 08/15/2012 Aircraft: ROBINSON R44 II, registration: N369TL Injuries: 2 Fatal. NTSB investigators either traveled in support of this investigation or conducted a significant amount of investigative work without any travel, and used data obtained from various sources to prepare this aircraft accident report. Witnesses saw the helicopter circling at a low altitude and saw the pilot wave at them. None of the witnesses saw the impact, but they heard the impact and saw smoke. They responded to the site and used portable fire extinguishers to extinguish the fire. Examination of the accident site revealed that the helicopter struck several trees and fell straight to the ground in a nose-low attitude, coming to rest on its right side. Examination of the airframe and engine revealed no evidence of mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. Impact signatures were consistent with the engine developing power at impact, and it is likely that, at the time of impact, the helicopter was in a steep descent consistent with settling with power. The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be: The pilot allowed the helicopter to settle with power while maneuvering at low altitude. PERSONNEL (CREW) INFORMATION According to the helicopter owner/operator the pilot-in-command, age 40, was seated in the left seat. He held an airline transport pilot certificate with airplane multiengine land rating, commercial pilot privileges with airplane single-engine land and rotorcraft-helicopter ratings, and a flight instructor certificate with airplane single/multiengine and instrument ratings. He was type rated in the Beech 300/350 King Air, Hawker Beechjet 400, Cessna 500 Citation, and the Mitsubishi MU-300 Diamond. He held a first class airman medical certificated, dated June 24, 2011, with no restrictions or limitations. According to his employer, the pilot had logged 8,700 total flight hours and 260 hours in the Robinson R44, of which 215 hours were as pilot-in- command. His list flight review was accomplished in the Beech 350 King Air on December 6, 2011. The second pilot, age 43, was seated in the right seat. He held a private pilot certificate with a rotorcraft- helicopter rating. He also held a third class airman medical certificate, dated April 15, 2010, with the restriction that he wear corrective lenses while exercising the privileges of his airman certificate. According to his employer, the pilot had logged 450 total flight hours, the majority of which was in the Bell 47 helicopter. He had logged 18.9 hours in the Robinson R44, his last flight being on May 5, 2011. He had also flown the Brantley helicopter. - 7 - Flight Review Guide Soeren Sauer Mental Helicopter Skills (Regulatory Review Guide) Pilot x Experience: o Recent flight experience (61.57) x Responsibility: o Authority (91.3) o ATC Instructions(91.123) o Preflight action (91.103) o Safety belts (91.107) o Flight crew at station (91.105) x Cautions: o Careless or reckless operation (91.13) o Dropping objects (91.15) o Alcohol or drugs (91.17 o Supplemental oxygen (91.211) o Fitness for flight (AIM Chapter 8, Section 1) Aircraft x Airworthiness: o Basic (91.7) o Flight manual, markings, placards (91.9) o Certifications required (91.203) o Instrument & equipment requirements (91.205) ƒ ELT (91.207) ƒ Position lights (91.209) ƒ Transponder requirements (91.215) ƒ Inoperative instruments and equipment (91.213) x Maintenance: o Responsibility (91.403) o Maintenance required (91.405) o Maintenance records (91.417) o Operation after maintenance (91.407) x Inspections: o Annual, Airworthiness Directives, 100-Hour (91.409) o Altimeter & Pitot Static System (91.411) o VOR check (91.171) o Transponder (91.413) o ELT (91.207) enViroment x Airports : o Markings (AIM Chapter 2, Section 3) o Operations (AIM 4-3; 91.126, 91.125) o Traffic Patterns (91.126 x Airspace : o Altimeter Settings (91.121; AIM 7-2) o Minimum Safe Altitudes (91.119, 91.177) o Cruising Altitudes (91.159, 91.179; AIM 3-1-5) o Speed Limits (91.117) o Right of Way (91.113) o Formation (91.111) o Types of Airspace (AIM 3) ƒ Controlled Airspace (AIM 3-2; 91.135, 91.131, 91.130, 91.129) ƒ Class G Airspace (AIM 3-3) ƒ Special Use (AIM 3-4; 91.133, 91.137, 91.141. 91.143, 91.145) o Emergency Air Traffic Rules (91.139; AIM 5-6) x Air Traffic Control & Procedures : o Services (4-1) o Radio Communications (4-2 & Pilot/Controller Glossary) o Clearances (4-4) o Procedures (AIM 5) x Weather : o Meteorology (AIM 7-1) o Wake Turbulence (AIM 7-3) External pressure x Personal Minimums Checklist x Risk Management (3-P model) x PTS Special Emphasis Items x Discuss Scenario of External pressures that this individual could face in their flight experience ie: Personal flights, work related. Or bring up own scenario x ADM and SRM - 8 - Flight Review Guide Soeren Sauer Mental Helicopter Skills (Recommended Review Guide) Aerodynamics x Transverse flow x Effective translational lift x Dissymmetry of lift x Translating tendency x IGE vs. OGE Hazards x Aerodynamic hazards : (Use “DIRCP-Model”; Definition, Indications, Recovery, Causes, draw Picture) o Retreating blade stall o Low RPM decay o Low rotor RPM blade stall o Low G hazards / must bumping o LTE o Settling with power x General Hazards : o Ground resonance o Dynamic / static roll over o Stuck pedal o Wire strike avoidance Performance x Height – Velocity curve x High altitude performance x Engine limitations x Weight limitations x Preflight performance planning Emergencies x Engine failure at altitude x Engine failure in a hover x Engine fire, run up and in flight x Electrical fire x Clutch x Low fuel light x MR/TR chip and temp lights x Oil light x IMC avoidance and inadvertent IMC x Hydraulic failure NOTE: The above mentioned emergency situations are only suggestions and the questions/scenarios should NOT be limited to the ones mentioned above. It is highly recommended to review the emergency procedure section from the aircraft’s flight manual with the pilot. - 9 - Flight Review Guide Soeren Sauer Physical Helicopter Skills (Suggested Flight Activities) NOTE: Maneuvers should be performed at instructor’s discretion. Maneuvers and emergency procedures should be performed specific to the aircraft to being flown. A plan of action should be established prior to the flight. AREAS OF OPERATION from Private Pilot Rotorcraft Helicopter PTS: I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION x WEATHER INFORMATION x CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING x PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS x OPERATION OF SYSTEMS II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES x PREFLIGHT INSPECTION x COCKPIT MANAGEMENT x BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK III. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS x RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS x AIRPORT/HELIPORT RUNWAY, HELIPAD, AND TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING IV. HOVERING MANEUVERS x VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING x SLOPE OPERATIONS x HOVER TAXI x AIR TAXI V. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS x NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB x NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH x MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF AND CLIMB x STEEP APPROACH x CONFINED AREA OPERATION x PINNACLE/PLATFORM OPERATIONS x SHALLOW APPROACH AND RUNNING/ROLL-ON LANDING x GO-AROUND VI. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS x RAPID DECELERATION x STRAIGHT IN AUTOROTATION x 180° AUTOROTATION VII. NAVIGATION x PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING x NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND RADAR SERVICES x DIVERSION x LOST PROCEDURES VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS x POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER x POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE x SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS x SETTLING-WITH-POWER x LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES x AFTER LANDING AND SECURING - 10 - Flight Review Guide Soeren Sauer Post Flight Discussion and Debriefing x Reflect the flight o What was the most important thing you learned today? o What part of the session was easiest for you? What part was hardest? o Did anything make you uncomfortable? If so, when did it occur? o How would you assess your performance and your decisions? o Did you perform in accordance with the practical test standards? x Avoid critique from the CFI only o Involve pilot, self critique o Ask the pilot verbally replay the flight for you rather than starting with a laundry list of areas for improvement x Review maneuvers o Use the PTS as back up x Suggestions/Recommendations o Potential additional training (Personal Proficiency Practice Plan) ƒ Even if flight review was satisfactory o Review personal minimums Completion of a Flight review: Section 61.56(a) and (c). I certify that _________________________________ (F/M/L name), __________________ (pilot certificate), _______________ (certificate number) has satisfactorily completed the flight review required in paragraph 61.56 (a) on _______________ (date). A review must be completed by _____________________ (24 month from current date) Recommendation: A flight review should be completed for each rating held. ______________ date ___ / ___ / ___ ___________ ____ exp. ___ / ___ Robinson R22 Flight Review R22 Flight Review 61.56 and SFAR 73 I certify that _________________________________ (F/M/L name), __________________ (pilot certificate), _______________ (certificate number) has satisfactorily completed the flight review required in paragraph 61.56 and SFAR 73 (2)(c)(1) and (3) in a Robinson R22 on _______________ (date). A review must be completed by _____________________ (24 month from current date) Recommendation: A flight review should be completed for each rating held. ______________ date ___ / ___ / ___ ___________ ____ exp. ___ / ___ Robinson R44 Flight Review R44 Flight Review 61.56 and SFAR 73 (2)(c)(2) and (3) I certify that _________________________________ (F/M/L name), __________________ (pilot certificate), _______________ (certificate number) has satisfactorily completed the flight review required in paragraph 61.56 and SFAR 73 (2)(c)(2) and (3) in a Robinson R44 on _______________ (date). A review must be completed by _____________________ (24 month from current date) Recommendation: A flight review should be completed for each rating held. ______________ date ___ / ___ / ___ ___________ ____ exp. ___ / ___