ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES

Ensure compartments under occupied seats are not filled above maximum fill line. CAUTION Ensure all cabin doors are unlocked before flight to allow rescue or exit in an emergency. Aft door locks have a green stripe to indicate door unlocked. CAUTION Shorter pilots may require cushion to obtain full travel of all controls. Verify aft cyclic travel is not restricted. FAA APPROVED: 23 DEC 2022 4-4 COLD WEATHER OPERATION Special precautions should be taken if the helicopter is to be started after a cold soak below 4°C (40°F). Since a cold battery has significantly reduced capacity, pre-heating the battery is recommended. Use auxiliary ground power if available. For consistent starts, use fuels optimized for cold weather (Jet B, JP-4). A fuel anti-icing additive may be required (see Section 2). After start, ensure engine oil temperature is 0°C minimum before increasing RPM above idle. If cold soaked below -18°C (0°F), pre-heat the battery and engine fuel control area. The engine fuel control area may be pre-heated using a space heater. When cold soaked to -35°C (-31°F) and heated with a 3000 BTU/hr (900 W) space heater, it will require approximately 20 minutes to pre-heat the fuel control unit. CAUTION Do not use an open flame heater to pre-heat the engine or battery. CAUTION Ice in engine fuel control air circuits following a cold soak may cause uncontrolled engine acceleration during starting. If uncontrolled acceleration occurs, pull fuel cutoff OFF to shut down engine, then restart engine. ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 26 NOV 2013 4-5 BEFORE STARTING ENGINE Seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fastened Fuel valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON, guard installed Cyclic/collective friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF Cyclic, collective, pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Full travel free Collective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Full down, friction ON Cyclic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neutral, friction ON Pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neutral Rotor brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disengaged Circuit breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Cabin heat, anti-ice, pitot heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF Landing lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF Avionics, generator switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF Altimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Set Hydraulic switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON GROUND POWER START Have ground personnel connect ground power to external receptacle prior to engaging starter and disconnect once idle is stabilized prior to switching generator ON. Ground power is connected to the helicopter’s electrical system when battery switch is ON. Starts using ground power assist follow the same procedure as normal starts. NOTE If generator is switched ON prior to disconnecting ground power, high generator loads and reduction in idle speed may occur. ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 26 NOV 2013 4-6 STARTING ENGINE AND RUN-UP Battery, strobe switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON Igniter (key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enable Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clear Fuel cutoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pull OFF Throttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Closed Start button . . . . . . . . . . . . . Push and release, begin timing N1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15%, increasing MGT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Below 150°C Fuel cutoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Push ON Successful ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Within three seconds MGT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monitor, observe limits CAUTION Excessive MGT will cause severe engine damage. Do not push fuel cutoff ON unless N1 has reached adequate speed and is increasing; 16% N1 is recommended, 12% N1 minimum may be used in cold weather. If MGT reaches limit during start or light-off does not occur within three seconds, immediately pull fuel cutoff OFF, wait ten seconds, then turn igniter switch OFF to stop starter. 25% N1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main rotor rotating Oil pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increasing N1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stable at 65 to 67% Fuel cutoff guard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Install, begin timing idle Ground power (if used) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disconnect Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON Avionics switch, headsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON Annunciator panel test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All lights on Audio alerts (if equipped) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test Engine anti-ice check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annunciator light Doors (if installed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Closed and latched Cyclic/collective friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF Hydraulic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Check Lift collective slightly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low RPM horn Warm-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Verify at least one minute idle Throttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Increase slowly to full open N1 deceleration check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . as desired N2/R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stable at 100% (beep as required) Annunciator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Out Engine gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Normal operating range ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 13 MAR 2020 4-7 STARTING ENGINE AND RUN-UP (cont’d) CAUTION For aircraft which provide low RPM horn through the audio system, a headset for each pilot is required to hear the horn. NOTE Time between starter engagement and idle should normally not exceed 40 seconds. If time exceeds 40 seconds but engine continues to accelerate, start attempt may be extended to one minute. If N1 is below 58% after one minute (or after 40 seconds if engine is not accelerating), pull fuel cutoff OFF, wait for MGT drop, and turn igniter (key) switch OFF to stop starter. To avoid overheating, allow one minute delay between start attempts. After three attempts, allow 30 minutes before next attempt. NOTE For hydraulic system check, use small cyclic inputs. With hydraulics OFF, there should be approximately one half inch of freeplay before encountering control stiffness and feedback. With hydraulics ON, controls should be free with no feedback or uncommanded motion. NOTE One minute warm-up at idle not required within 15 minutes of last shutdown. NOTE When opening throttle, a target torque of at least 25% is recommended to minimize time transitioning through N2 yellow arc. CAUTION When opening throttle, avoid exceeding 50% torque. On slippery surfaces, be prepared to counter nose-right rotation with left pedal. ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 13 MAR 2020 4-8 ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES TAKEOFF PROCEDURE 1. Verify doors latched, hydraulics ON, and RPM stabilized at 100%. 2. Engine anti-ice as required per Section 2. 3. Clear area. Slowly raise collective until aircraft is light on skids. Reposition cyclic as required for equilibrium, then gently lift aircraft into hover. 4. Beep RPM as required to 100%. 5. Check gages in green and note hover torque. 6. Lower nose and accelerate to climb speed following profile shown by height-velocity diagram in Section 5. Takeoff torque should not exceed 10% above hover torque to prevent excessive nose-down attitude. NOTE Periodically performing power assurance check (see Section 5) may provide indication of engine deterioration or air filter blockage. DOORS-OFF OPERATION Maximum airspeed with any door(s) off is 100 KIAS. Warn passengers to secure loose objects and to keep head and arms inside cabin to avoid high velocity airstream. CAUTION Ensure all seat belts are buckled during door-off flight. Rear outboard seat bottoms may lift if not restrained. CAUTION Flight with left door(s) removed is not recommended. Loose objects exiting left doors may damage tail rotor. FAA APPROVED: 21 JUN 2021 4-9 ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES CRUISE 1. Beep RPM as required to 100%. 2. Set torque as desired with collective. Observe torque, MGT, and airspeed limits. Maximum recommended cruise speed is 110 KIAS. 3. Verify gages in green, no cautions or warnings. 4. Engine anti-ice as required. CAUTION Do not exceed 110 KIAS except in smooth air and then only with caution. In turbulence, use lower airspeed. If turbulence is significant or becomes uncomfortable for the pilot, use 60 to 70 KIAS. NOTE Avoid large, rapid power changes. The engine governor reacts slowly and RPM excursions may occur. NOTE When loaded near aft CG limit, slight yaw oscillation during cruise can be stopped by applying a small amount of left pedal. FAA APPROVED: 21 JUN 2021 4-10 ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 23 DEC 2022 4-11 PRACTICE AUTOROTATION - POWER RECOVERY CAUTION Verify a recent N1 deceleration check was performed prior to conducting autorotations. Do not close throttle above 10,000 feet density altitude or with cabin heat ON (see Section 2). 1. Close throttle and lower collective to down stop. 2. Adjust collective to keep rotor RPM within limits. 3. Keep airspeed 60 to 70 KIAS. 4. At about 40 feet AGL, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed, and smoothly roll throttle full on to recover engine power. 5. At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level aircraft, and raise collective to control descent. CAUTION Simulated engine failures require prompt lowering of collective to avoid dangerously low rotor RPM. Catastrophic rotor stall could occur if rotor RPM drops below 80% plus 1% per 1000 feet of altitude. CAUTION If entering autorotation with a rapid col- lective input, close throttle before lower- ing collective to avoid an N2 overspeed. CAUTION Engine may require several seconds to spool up to full power during power recoveries. NOTE For maximum glide distance and minimum rate of descent configurations, see Section 3. ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 26 NOV 2013 4-12 PRACTICE AUTOROTATION - WITH GROUND CONTACT If practice autorotations with ground contact are required for demonstration purposes, perform in same manner as power recovery autorotations except keep throttle closed throughout maneuver. Always contact ground with skids level and nose straight ahead. NOTE Have landing gear skid shoes inspected frequently when practicing autorotations with ground contact. Rapid wear of skid shoes may occur. HYDRAULICS-OFF TRAINING Hydraulic system failure may be simulated using cyclic- mounted hydraulic switch. CAUTION With hydraulics switched OFF, controlling helicopter in a hover may be difficult due to control system feedback forces. CAUTION Before switching hydraulics from OFF to ON, relax force on cyclic and collective to avoid overcontrolling. ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 19 OCT 2016 4-13 DESCENT, APPROACH, AND LANDING 1. Reduce power with collective as desired. Observe airspeed limits. Maximum recommended airspeed is 110 KIAS except in smooth air. CAUTION Do not initiate a descent with forward cyclic. This can produce a low-G condition. Always initiate a descent by lowering collective. 2. Make final approach into wind at lowest practical rate of descent with initial airspeed of 60 knots. 3. Reduce airspeed and altitude smoothly to hover. (Be sure rate of descent is less than 300 feet per minute before airspeed is reduced below 30 KIAS.) 4. From hover, lower collective gradually until ground contact. 5. After initial ground contact, lower collective to full down position. CAUTION When landing on a slope, return cyclic control to neutral before closing throttle. CAUTION Never leave helicopter flight controls unattended while engine is running. CAUTION Hold throttle closed if passenger is entering or exiting left front seat with engine running and left seat collective installed. ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 23 DEC 2022 4-14 SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE Collective down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Friction ON Throttle closed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N1 deceleration check Cyclic and pedals neutral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Friction ON Cool down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two minute idle Fuel cutoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pull OFF, monitor MGT CAUTION Rapid MGT increase following shutdown indicates residual fire in combustor. Follow “Engine Fire During Start or Shutdown” procedure per Section 3. Sprag clutch check . . . . . . . . . . . . Verify N2/R needles split Wait one minute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apply rotor brake Avionics, generator, battery, igniter switches . . . . . . . . OFF CAUTION Applying rotor brake less than one minute after fuel cutoff may cause heat damage to brake shoes and gearbox oil seal. NOTE After engine shutdown, pilot should uncover one ear and listen for unusual noise which may indicate impending failure of a bearing or other component. CAUTION Do not slow rotor by raising collective during shutdown. Blades may flap and strike tailcone. NOTE HYD switch should be left ON for start- up and shutdown to reduce possibility of unintentional hydraulics-off liftoff. Switch OFF only for pre-takeoff controls check or hydraulics-off training. ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 19 OCT 2016 4-15 N 1 DECELERATION CHECK The deceleration check is performed on the ground to confirm proper fuel control operation. The check should be performed during the preflight run-up if autorotations are planned during the flight and again during shutdown. A failed check is an indication that the engine may flame out during an autorotation entry. Perform check as follows: 1. Collective full down. 2. Throttle open, N 2 /R at 100%. 3. If N1 is below 80%, lift collective slightly to set N1 at 80%. 4. Rapidly close throttle and measure time for N 1 to reach 70% RPM. Minimum allowable time is two seconds. If deceleration time is less than two seconds, switch generator OFF and perform two more checks to confirm time. If confirmed time is less than two seconds, have helicopter serviced. ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 21 JUN 2021 4-16 AVOIDING HOT STARTS Exceeding temperature limits during a turbine start (a “hot start”) can cause severe engine damage requiring expensive repairs. During a start, airflow through the engine controls the temperature of the combusting fuel. Spinning the compressor with the starter provides the required airflow. During an aborted start, fuel flow is stopped by pulling the fuel cutoff but the starter must continue providing airflow through the engine to control temperature. The R66 start circuit automatically keeps the starter engaged without the need to keep the starter button depressed. Normal engine starts should have peak MGT below 800°C for cold engines or below 850°C for warm engines. If start temperatures are above these or are trending higher, engine maintenance may be required. Reduced power assurance margins accompanied by high start temperatures may indicate a dirty compressor. Fuel control adjustments can also affect start temperature. Consult a qualified turbine mechanic to diagnose any abnormal start characteristics. Always follow the Starting Engine checklist and pay close attention to engine instruments during a start. Do not attempt a start when rushed or distracted. BEFORE INITIATING A START: • Verify battery voltage is normal. If battery voltage is low (less than approximately 24.5 volts for lead-acid or 26.0 volts for lithium-ion), use ground power and/or replace battery. • Verify fuel cutoff is pulled completely off. • Verify twist grip is completely closed (rotated toward pilot). ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 21 JUN 2021 4-17 AVOIDING HOT STARTS (cont’d) DURING A START: • DO NOT push fuel cutoff on until N1 is smoothly rising through 16%. If starter is sluggish or will not achieve 16%, do not introduce fuel. Switch starter off using igniter (key) switch. • If engine is warm from a previous flight, DO NOT push fuel cutoff on until MGT is below 150°C. As starter accelerates engine to 16% N1, MGT typically falls below 150°C. However, extra time may be required to allow residual temperature to decrease. • After pushing fuel cutoff on, CONTINUOUSLY MONITOR MGT and KEEP HAND ON FUEL CUTOFF until N1 is above 60%. • PULL FUEL CUTOFF IMMEDIATELY if MGT approaches 900°C. This is the most important action for stopping a hot start and should be an instinctive reaction. Wait at least 10 seconds or until MGT has decreased below 150°C. Then, switch starter off using igniter (key) switch. • Never push fuel cutoff back on if it has been pulled off. Finish aborting the start. ROBINSON MODEL R66 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES FAA APPROVED: 21 JUN 2021 4-18 NOISE ABATEMENT To improve the quality of our environment and to dissuade overly restrictive ordinances against helicopters, it is imperative that every pilot minimize noise irritation to the public. Following are several techniques which should be employed when possible. 1. Avoid flying over outdoor assemblies of people. When this cannot be avoided, fly as high as practical, preferably over 2000 feet AGL. 2. Avoid blade slap. Blade slap generally occurs at airspeeds below 100 KIAS. It can usually be avoided by maintaining 100 KIAS until rate of descent is over 1000 feet per minute, then using a fairly steep approach until airspeed is below 65 KIAS. With the right door vent open, the pilot can easily determine those flight conditions which produce blade slap and develop piloting techniques to eliminate or reduce it. 3. When departing from or approaching a landing site, avoid prolonged flight over noise-sensitive areas. Always fly above 500 feet AGL and preferably above 1000 feet AGL. 4. Repetitive noise is far more irritating than a single occurrence. If you must fly over the same area more than once, vary your flight path to not overfly the same buildings each time. 5. When overflying populated areas, look ahead and select the least noise-sensitive route. NOTE Above procedures do not apply where they would conflict with Air Traffic Control clearances or when, in the pilot’s judgement, they would result in an unsafe flight path.