Document
www.nasa.gov Turbine Engine Technology Symposium Strategic Visions Workshop Dayton, OH September 11, 2014 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dr. Rubén Del Rosario, P.E. Project Manager Fixed Wing Project NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program
A Future with Hybrid Electric Propulsion Systems: A NASA Perspective
Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program
Future Challenges of Commercial Aviation The NASA Fixed Wing (FW) Project Why Hybrid Electric Propulsion? NASA Fixed Wing Perspective on Enabling Hybrid Electric Propulsion for Commercial Transport Aircraft NASA Fixed Wing Investments in Hybrid Electric Propulsion Concluding Remarks
• • • • • •
Outline of Talk
Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
m Why is aviation so important? The air transportation system is critical to U.S. economic vitality ndamental Aeronautics Progra u u u u u u u Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program F Fu accelerating.
The world will be largest middle class.
predominantly urban.
Asia-Pacific will have the Revolutionary technology China and India are growing development and adoption are economically at unprecedented rates.
Source: National Intelligence Council m ram ogra Prog s Pr ics utic naut ct ct ct ct ct rona je je je je je j o Aero ro ro ro ro l Ae P P P P tal g g ng ng ng ng enta Wi W Wi Wi W Wi Wi W amen d d d d
What do emerging global trends reveal?
e ndam xe x Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fi Fi Fund adoption of leapfrog air travel… infrastructure… manufacturing… new technology and They drive expanding
energy technologies… competition for high-tech constraints, and impacts… They drive global demand for They drive need for alternative T They drive resource use, costs, T T They drive T T T
Why are these trends important?
Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program 6 6 on, io ti a at mun e e m m m m ma c mm o o o om t t t to om co u u u ut logy o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o a a a au d c n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n nd n n n n a h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h i i i in n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n nvergenc an c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o on e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e s s s s i Technology Convergence n a T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Co n n n ns on o o o on io i i i io ti t t t ti at u u u ut l l l lu ma o o o ol rm v v v vo or d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d fo e e e ev , , , , , , , , , , , , n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n nf Revolutions in automation, information and communication technologies enable opportunity for safety critical autonomous systems information and communication technologies enable opportunity for safety critical autonomous systems R R R R Re i in a a a a a a a a a a a a ent m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d p o o o o o o l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e ng rapidl ng rap i i i d d d d w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w of global of global of glo ic ic o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u re re o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s a a a c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e -- -- – – – – – – – – – – – – – m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m n n n n n e l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y o o o o o o o o o ge i i i i i i i i i i i i t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t rge r rg l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n a a a er b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b z z o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t me i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i n n emerge emerge e em d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r s o Traditional measures of global demand for mobility – economic development, urbanization -- are growing rapidly T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T f f f f f f f f f f u rs er ve iv e ri t te at d d dr -d ea n n nd re a a an and a a cr y a s c gy eg Three mega-drivers Three mega-drivers
How Do These Trends Affect Aviation?
Severe energy and climate issues create enormous affordability and sustainability challenges Severe energ climate issue enormous affordability and sustainability challenges Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program
2000s B-787 1950s ciency and Environmental Compatibility for B-707 fi xed wing vehicles and propulsion systems fi 1930s Sustained Growth of Commercial Aviation DC-3 Explore and Develop Technologies and Concepts for Early stage exploration and initial development of game-changing technologies Commercial focus, but dual use with military Along with Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) project focused on Research vision guided by vehicle performance metrics developed for reducing and concepts for subsonic commercial transport vehicles noise, emissions, and fuel burn Improved Energy Ef Evolution of Subsonic Transports Transports
The NASA Fixed Wing Project
Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program guration, fi
NASA
NASA, VA Tech, GT Tailored/multifunctional structures High aspect ratio/laminar/active structural control Highly integrated propulsion systems Ultra-high bypass ratio (20+ with small cores) Alternative fuels and emerging hybrid electric concepts Noise reduction by component, con and operations improvements Technology Trends: • • • • • •
Advanced concept studies for commercial subsonic transport aircraft for 2030-35 Entry into Service (EIS) GE, Cessna, GA Tech
Advances required on multiple fronts… MIT, Aurora, P&W, Aerodyne NG, RR, Tufts, Sensis, Spirit
N+3 Advanced Vehicle Concept Studies Summary
Boeing, GE, GA Tech Copyright, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Penton Publications. Used with permission.
Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program 5. Hybrid Propulsion Gas-Electric 2005 best – 60% Energy Consumption Rim PM Bore 1300F 1500F Fuel SX/PX Emissions 7. Alternative 4. Cleaner, BPR Propulsion Compact Higher 2005 best – 80% Emissions (cruise) 3. Quieter Low-Speed Performance CAEP6 – 80% Emissions (LTO) Propulsion 6. Unconventional Airframe Integration cum 2. Higher Aspect Ratio Optimal Wing Noise ) Stage 4 – 52 dB (N+3 Fuselage Lower Drag
NASA Fixed Wing Project Research Themes Based on Goal-Driven Advanced Concept Studies
1. Lighter-Weight Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program Goals Metrics (N+3) Research Themes with Investments in both Near-Term Tech Challenges and Long- Term (2030) Vision Goal-Driven Advanced Concepts
ed promising fi The hybrid-electric promise - cleaner, quieter, conserves energy, less Gen N+3/N+4 advanced concept studies have identi Electric-based propulsion systems for commercial aircraft will enable Industry roadmaps acknowledge shift toward electric technologies Recent successes in development of all-electric GA aircraft and UAVs Research horizon is long-term but with periodic spinoff of technologies for NASA can help accelerate key technologies in collaboration with other Research aligned with new NASA Aeronautics strategic R&T thrusts atmospheric heat release, more reliable aircraft and propulsion systems national environmental and fuel burn reduction goals to be met introduction in aircraft with more- and all-electric architectures Government agencies, industry, and academia
Hybrid Electric Propulsion for Commercial Transports
• • • • • • • • Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program
ts Estimated From Advanced Concept Studies
fi
~60% fuel burn reduction ~53% energy use reduction 77-87% reduction in NOx 24-31 EPNdB cum noise reduction ~63% energy use reduction ~90% NOx reduction 32-64 EPNdB cum noise reduction Boeing SUGAR (baseline Boeing 737, 2008 tech) • • • • NASA N3-X (baseline Boeing 777-200) • • •
Bene
Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program
Possible Future Electric-Based Transport Aircraft
Concepts can use either non-cryogenic ambient temp or cryogenic superconducting technologies Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program
SUGAR High 765*096* 7150 $ 765*096* 1750 765*095* NASA Goal # 0< *70< *60< *50< *40< *30< *20< *10< & ! '
Boeing-GE “SUGAR-Volt” Hybrid Electric Propulsion
Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program 65 4&30
10%430 24%000 46%612
154%500 -+-%-(( &+%+' 118 27%820 30%000 28%900 142%400
guration
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&*%+%*' 121 2&46 28%350 30%000 28%900 %),( 139%700 &+%+' ) # ! " ) $ - "* ESAero ECO-150 and Dual-Use Split-Wing Turboelectric Con "+' $(, # - * At 3440 nm range Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program 15 15 f f b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b t t t f f ft g g g b a af n ng i i in d d a d di l ld n nd a a an e e el i ie . .
hi ldi h h hi d d d e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e.
r r r s s sh m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m me a a a e e e s a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a am w w w r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r ra s s se r r r i i is f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f fr r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r rf o o o o oi i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ir Forward and aft fan noise shielding by airframe. F F F n n n no a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ai Many small fans give a large total fan area and very high effective bypass ratio l l l l l ll l l l l l l l .
fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi g g g g g g g g e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w n n n n ng y y ye y y y y ye i i in y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y w a a ay a a ay l la l la s s s d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dy r r r y y y l y y y l o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o od o o o ry r ry b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b bo s s s a a ar a a ar - - - - - -b l l l r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r- d d da d d da u u u e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e er n n nd n n nd t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t te p p p p u u un u u un n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n nt o o o r r r o o ou o o ou e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e en Propulsors ingest boundary layer & center-body wake. P P P b b b bo b b b bo c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c ce Electric power from generators distributed to multiple motor-driven propulsors.
v v v v v v v v v v v v i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iv n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n ne i in r r r r r r r r ri m g g g gi d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dr am n n ng s s s s s s s s s d t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t ts e e en e e e e e e e e et t t e l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l le n nt n n n n n n n n nl i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i in e en i ie nautics Progra cient engines with c c ci m m m m m m m m m i fi fi fi fi f f a a a a a a a a am Aerona l Ae e e ef e e e e e e e e ea r r r r r r r r re tal t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t tr e e e s s s s s s s s st g g g g g Wi W ng Project e e e e e e e e es r r r damenta e e e e e e e e ee a a a a
NASA N3X Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion
x d Wi r r r r r r r r re Low velocity core exhaust reduces noise.
Large ef freestream inlets drive superconducting generators. L L L f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f fr Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixe Fund
40 Yr Hybrid electric 737-150 PAX Turboelectric 737-150 PAX Turboelectric and hybrid electric distributed propulsion 300 PAX • • • (Power level for single engine) 30 Yr Hybrid electric 100 PAX regional Turboelectric distributed propulsion 150 PAX • • 20 Yr Hybrid electric 50 PAX regional Turboelectric distributed propulsion 100 PAX regional • • 10 Yr All electric and hybrid electric GA • ight testing fl Projected Timeframe for Achieving TRL 6 Today High power density electric motors Electrical component and transmission replacing hydraulic actuation system weight reduction Spinoff Technologies Benefit More/All Electric Architectures: • • Conceptual designs of aircraft and propulsion systems Higher power density generators and motors Flight-weight power system architectures and simulations Higher energy density energy storage systems (non-NASA) Extensive ground and Power Level for Electrical Propulsion System
Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HEP) Systems for Aviation What is needed? • • • • •
Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program 2035 25 hp/lb (41.1 kW/kg) Non-Cryogenic 10X decrease in weight 10X increase in power density
2030 12 hp/lb 20 hp/lb (19.7 kW/kg) (33.0 kW/kg) Subscale flight test 5X decrease in weight 5X increase in power density 2025 10 hp/lb (16.5 kW/kg) Perf. and control system verification in MW scale 2X decrease in weight 2X increase in power density 2020 8 hp/lb (13.2 kW/kg) Cryogenic, Superconducting Perf. and control system verification in KW scale " # " 4 hp/lb $ (6.6 kW/kg) kg), partially 4 hp/lb (6.6 kW/ superconducting
NASA FW HEP Technology Roadmap
Electric Propulsion- Aircraft Integration Power Electronics Power Transmission System MW Size Motors Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program Gas turbine- battery hybrid High Power Density, Non-cryogenic Motor Propulsion power grid architecture Superconducting turboelectric distributed propulsion
ight tests fl ed fi Reference hybrid electric propulsion system(s) for component maturation established Key technologies identi Superconducting and non-cryo tchnologies Explore conventional and non-conventional topologies Integrate novel thermal management Develop advanced component materials High power electric grid architecture, modeling and simulation tools High voltage power electronics, transmission, and protection Lightweight power transmission materials Control systems for distributed propulsion Component interactions – validate performance and matching at steady-state and transient operation Validate control methodologies Validation experiments, system demos, – – – – – – – – – – – – –
NASA FW HEP Technology Areas
Technical Areas and Approaches Propulsion System Conceptual Design High Power Density Motors and Generators Flight-Weight Power System and Electronics Integrated Subsystem Testing Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program
ce, NPS; Army; DOE- fi ight demo fl Cryocoolers, superconducting wire, power management components, AC loss analysis and motor design AML, U of Houston, Creare, MTECH, Hypertech Fully superconducting subscale motor test in 2017 Boeing SUGAR concept Initiating new NRA efforts leading to 1MW scale non-cryo motor test in 2019 NASA N3-X, ESAero ES-150 concepts AirVolt and Hybrid AirVolt test stands Propulsion Electric Grid Simulator RR, GE contracts for high-power electrical grid architecture, voltage, and components for turboelectric aircraft GA-scale distributed electric propulsion concept validation leading to Electric-based propulsion for rotorcraft Design competitions targeting small electric aircraft Coordinating research activities across several OGAs – AF; Navy - NAVSEA, Electric Ships Of LLNL; NASA – – – – – – – – – – – – –
NASA FW HEP Recent Activities
Recent Activities Superconducting Motors High Power Density, Non-cryogenic Motors Distributed Propulsion Power Management Other Related NASA Activities Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program cation for distributed electric fi ight controls fl
Fully superconducting motor 8 hp/lb (2x SOA) non-cryogenic electric motors 2x power density increase for power electronics Performance and control system veri propulsion at kW scale – – – – Conceptual designs and trade studies for electric-based concepts Tech development and demonstration for N+3 MW class aircraft Development of core technologies, i.e., turbine coupled motors, Multi-platform (turbo-, hybrid-, all-electric) technology testbeds Development of multi-scale modeling and simulation tools Focus on future large regional jets and single-aisle twin (Boeing 737- propulsion integration modeling, power architectures, power electronics, thermal management, class) aircraft for greatest impact on fuel burn, noise and emissions • • • • • •
The Way Forward
Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program 21 # " Fixed Wing Project Fundamental Aeronautics Program