NASA N3-X with Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion — 20150002081 (2014)

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Propulsion

NASA N3-X with Turboelectric Distributed

James L. Felder NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration www.nasa.gov Efficiency Compatibility Strategic Thrusts 1. Energy 2. Environmental Research addressing revolutionary far-term goals with opportunities for near-term impact Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Subsonic Transport System Level Metrics

www.nasa.gov Passengers: 300 Payload: 118,000 lbs (53.500 kg) Range: 7500 nm (14000 km) Cruise speed: Mach 0.84 @ 35k ft Fuel: 279,800 lbs (126.900 kg) Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Reference Aircraft – The Boeing 777-200LR

• • • • • www.nasa.gov

'ĞĂƌͲƌŝǀĞŶ͗

/ŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŶŐŝŶĞƐ͗

DĂŶǇƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŽŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚWƌŽƉƵůƐŝŽŶ

ŚĂŝŶͲƌŝǀĞŶ͗

'ĂƐͲƌŝǀĞŶ͗

Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration Fan Fan www.nasa.gov Motor Turbine Engine Line) Electric Bus Energy Storage for Power Management (Transmission Motor Generator Fuel Line Energy Storage for Power Management Line) Electric Bus (Transmission Fuel Turbine Engine Fuel Battery

Et

E

W,KdK

Both concepts can use either non-cryogenic motors or cryogenic superconducting motors.

Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Types of Electric Propulsion

Turbo Electric

Hybrid Electric

www.nasa.gov Superconducting Motors/Generators Superconducting Redundant DC microGrid Forward and Aft Fan Noise Shielding by Airframe Many Small, Distortion-Tolerant Fans Yields Large Total Area and High Effective Bypass Ratio Many Small, Distortion-Tolerant Fans Yields Large Total Area and High Effective Bypass Ratio Highly Efficient Gas Generator Highly Efficient Gas Generator Wide Propulsor Array Maximizes Boundary Layer Ingestion & Wake Filling Wide Propulsor Array Maximizes Boundary Layer Ingestion & Wake Filling Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration ϵϵ͘ϵϰй ϵϵ͘ϵϯй ϱϬ< ϵϵ͘ϵϳй ϵϵ͘ϵϴй ϯϬ< ϵϵ͘ϵϯй ϭϬϬ< ϯϬй dĂŵď www.nasa.gov с с с с с с с с с DŽƚŽƌĨĨ 'ĞŶĞƌĂƚŽƌĨĨ dŵĂǆ DŽƚŽƌĨĨ 'ĞŶĞƌĂƚŽƌĨĨ dŵĂǆ ĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇ dŵĂǆ dƐŝŶŬ ^K DŐϮ /ŶǀĞƌƚĞƌ ƌǇŽĐŽŽůĞƌ йŽĨĂƌŶŽƚĨĨ с ůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂů^ǇƐƚĞŵ;EϯͲyͬdĞWͿ ͗ Ϭ͘Ϯй Ϭ͘ϵϮϰ ϭϴϭϬZ;ϭϬϬϲ<Ϳ ϯϯϲϬZ;ϭϴϲϳ<Ϳ ϰй;ŶŽŶĐŚĂƌŐĞĂďůĞͿ Ϯй;ŶŽŶĐŚĂƌŐĞĂďůĞͿ ϭй;ĐŚĂƌŐĞĂďůĞͿ ϭ͘ϯ ϵϰ͘ϯй;ĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚͿ Ϭ͘ϵϯϮϱ Ϭ͘ϵϯ с с ϵϱ͘ϯй;ƉŽĚĚĞĚͿ с с с с с с с с с

N+3 Technology Cycle Design Values

;hŶĐŽŽůĞĚDƌŽƚŽƌƐͬƐƚĂƚŽƌƐͿ >Wͬ,W >Wdͬ,Wd Wd dϯ dϰ ,Wd >Wd Wd &ĂŶWƌĞƐƐƵƌĞZĂƚŝŽ &ĂŶĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇ ϭйĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚĚŝƐƚŽƌƚŝŽŶĞĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇƉĞŶĂůƚǇ /ŶůĞƚdŽƚĂůWƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ>ŽƐƐс WŽůǇƚƌŽƉŝĐĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐŝĞƐ͗ dĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ>ŝŵŝƚƐ͗ ŽŽůŝŶŐ Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration WƌŽƉƵůƐŽƌ dƵƌďŽƐŚĂĨƚŶŐŝŶĞ www.nasa.gov 30 84 1.727 3,260 1,360 MgB 0.313 1 ,680 33,400 TOC 29 84 1.761 1,370 0.341 1,680 3,26 0 35,500 BSCCO 36 57 600 750 0.217 1.194 MgB 1,800 3,360 85,800 RTO 35 57 610 760 0.236 1.216 1,800 3,360 BSCCO 94,200

TeDP Cycle Results

R TOC (3 4,000 ft, M0.84, ISA) R R) Total Vehicle Thrust - lbf Specific Fuel Consumption - lbm/hr/lbf Specific Energy Consumption - BTU/s/lbf Effective bypass ratio Overall pressure ratio Max compressor exit temperature -° Maximum turbine inlet temperature - ° Fan nozzle exit velocity - ft/s Turboshaft nozzle exit velocity - ft/s RTO (sea level, M0.24, ISA+27 ° Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration www.nasa.gov 35 (57) 14 (23) 18 (30) MgB 365 (166) 299 (136) 1090 (494) 1510 (685) 5280 (3,94) 3290 (1492) 37840 (28,2) 35 (57) 14 (23) 18 (30) 410 (186) 323 (147) 1180 (536) 5920 (4,42) BSCCO 5130 (2327) 3570 (1619) 41080 (30,6)

Electrical System

Power – hp (MW) Power/Weight – hp/lb (kw/kg) Weight – lbs (kg) Power – hp (MW) Power/Weight – hp/lb (kw/kg) Weight – lbs (kg) Power/Weight – hp/lb (kw/kg) Weight – lbs (kg) Total Cryocooler Wt – lbs (kg) LH2 Tank Wt – lbs (kg) Cable + Protection – lbs (kg) Generator X 2 Motor X 14 Inverter X 14 Cooling System Grid Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration 4070 5157 3290 www.nasa.gov (1846) (2339) (1492) 44,335 MgB (20.110) 664 (301) 1090 (494) 1424 (646) 2088 (947) 1510 (685) (1955) 51,820 47,300 (21.455) (23.505) 733 (332) BSCCO 1180 (535) 1562 (709) 5491 (2491) 2295 (1041) 5130 (2327) 3570 (1619)

Propulsion System Weight

Turboshaft Engine & Nacelle – lbs (kg) Generator – lbs (kg) One Turbogenerator – lbs (kg) Fan + Nacelle – lbs (kg) Motor + Inverter – lbs (kg) One Propulsor – lbs (kg) Total Cryocooler Wt – lbs (kg) LH2 Tank Wt – lbs (kg) Cable + Protection – lbs (kg) 2 TurboGen + 14 Props + Cooling + Grid 2 GE90-115 "Dry" + Nacelle + Pylon Turbogenerator Propulsor Cooling System Grid Total System 777-200LR Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration www.nasa.gov

70% 72%

Energy

Mission

Reduction

5.2E+09 1.6E+09 1.5E+09 BTU(MJ) (5.5E+06) (1.67E+06) (1.55E+06) Consumption Mission Energy 85,000 76,000 lbs (kg) 280,000 (38.560) (34.470) (127.000) Mission Fuel Consumption Weight lbs (kg) 768,000 515,000 496,000 (348.400) (233.600) (229.800)

Mission Fuel/Energy Consumption

/LH 777-200LR Class Aircraft N3-X BSCCO/Cryocooler N3-X MgB Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration ϳϬ www.nasa.gov ϲϬ EϯͲy ϱϬ ϰϬ Eнϯ'ŽĂů ϴϬйZĞĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ĨƌŽŵdŝĞƌϲ

KWZ

ϯϬ

N3-X LTO NOx Comparison

dŝĞƌϴ ϮϬ ϭϬ dŝĞƌϲ Ϭ Ϭ ϮϬ ϰϬ ϲϬ ϴϬ ϭϬϬ ϭϮϬ ϭϰϬ

Wͬ&ь

Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration www.nasa.gov DŽǀĞĚƚŽǁŝŶŐƌŽŽƚ >ĞĂĚŝŶŐĚŐĞ^ͲƵĐƚ/ŶůĞƚ hƉƉĞƌtŝŶŐ^ƵƌĨĂĐĞǆŚĂƵƐƚ ůŝŵŝŶĂƚĞsĞĐƚŽƌŝŶŐEŽǌǌůĞĂƚ WƌŝĐĞŽĨ^ŽŵĞ^ĐƌƵďďŝŶŐEŽŝƐĞ • • • • ƵƌŝĞĚdƵƌďŽƐŚĂĨƚŶŐŝŶĞ ^ĞƚďĂĐŬWƌŽƉƵůƐŽƌEŽǌǌůĞ >ŽǁͲŶŽŝƐĞ^ůŽƚůĞƐƐ &ůĂƉĞƌŽŶƐ ƐƚŝŵĂƚĞĚϲϰWEĚ ƵŵĞůŽǁ ŚĂƉƚĞƌϰ • • • •

Noise Reduction

WƌŝŵĂƌǇEŽŝƐĞ^ŽƵƌĐĞ /ŶĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞŶŽǌǌůĞůĞŶŐƚŚĨŽƌ EŽŝƐĞdƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ůŝŵŝŶĂƚĞƐ^ĐƌƵďďŝŶŐEŽŝƐĞ Ĩƚ&ĂŶEŽŝƐĞDƵĐŚ^ŵĂůůĞƌ dŚĂŶdƵƌďŽŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƌǇĂŶĚ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ&ůĂƉEŽŝƐĞ • • • • ǆƉŽƐĞĚdƵƌďŽƐŚĂĨƚŶŐŝŶĞ &ůƵƐŚsĞĐƚŽƌŝŶŐWƌŽƉƵůƐŽƌEŽǌǌůĞ ƐƚŝŵĂƚĞĚϯϮWEĚ ƵŵĞůŽǁ ŚĂƉƚĞƌϰ • • • Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration www.nasa.gov

-85%

N3-X

-70% / -72%

-32db/-64 db

-80% -80% -60% -52 db

N+3 Goal

Comparison of N3-X to FW Metrics

Metric Noise (Cum Margin Rel to Chapter 4) LTO NOx Emissions (Rel to CAEP Tier 6) Cruise NOx (Relative to 2005 best in class) Aircraft Fuel/Energy Consumption (Relative to 2005 Best In Class) Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration www.nasa.gov Mission Energy Sensitivity нϬ͘ϴй нϭ͘Ϭй нϭ͘Ϭй нϯ͘Ϭй нϭ͘Ϭй нϮ͘Ϭй нϬ͘ϴϭй нϬ͘ϰϯй нϬ͘ϳϮй нϬ͘ϰϯй нϬ͘Ϯϳй Change Z Ϭ нϭ͘ϭϱй нϭϬй нϭ͘Ϭй нϭ͘Ϭй нϬ͘Ϭϱ ͲϱϬ Ͳϭ͘Ϭй Ͳϭ͘Ϭй Ͳϭ͘Ϭй Ͳϭ͘Ϭй Ͳϭ͘Ϭй

System Parameters

Mission Energy Sensitivity to Propulsion

WĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌ d^& WƌŽƉƵůƐŝŽŶ^ǇƐƚĞŵtĞŝŐŚƚ /ŶůĞƚdŽƚĂůWƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ>ŽƐƐ &ĂŶĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇ &ĂŶWƌĞƐƐƵƌĞZĂƚŝŽ ŽŵƉƌĞƐƐŽƌŝƐĐŚĂƌŐĞdĞŵƉ >W WŽůǇƚƌŽƉŝĐĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇ ,WWŽůǇƚƌŽƉŚŝĐĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇ ,WdWŽůǇƚƌŽƉŚŝĐĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇ >WdWŽůǇƚƌŽƉŚŝĐĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇ WdWŽůǇƚƌŽƉŚŝĐĨĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇ Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration & Ϭ & Ϭ www.nasa.gov &ǁŝƚŚDŝŶ Ϭ &ƌĞĚƵĐƚŝŽŶĨƌŽŵ Ϭ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ^KD dĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ>ŝŵŝƚŝƐϮϰϬϬ dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ƌŽĂĚŵĂƉƚŽŐĞƚƚŽϮϳϬϬ ŚĂƐďĞĞŶĚĞĨŝŶĞĚ ϯϬϬ ďĂƐĞůŝŶĞŽŶůǇŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƐ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞŶĞƌŐǇďǇϭ͘ϱй hƐŝŶŐĐŽŽůĞĚŵĞƚĂůůŝĐďůĂĚĞƐ ĨŽƌƚŚĞ,WdƌŽƚŽƌŽŶĞďůĂĚĞƐ ĐŽƵůĚĂůůŽǁd/dƚŽƌĞŵĂŝŶĂƚ ϯϬϬϬ ƐƵďƐĞƋƵĞŶƚƌŽƚŽƌƐ • • • • ϯϬϬϬ & Ϭ ϮϴϱϬ ϮϳϬϬ ^KͬƌǇŽĐŽŽůĞƌ ϮϱϱϬ DŐϮͬ>,Ϯ DĂǆŝŵƵŵdƵƌďŝŶĞDĂƚĞƌŝĂůdĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞͲ ϮϰϬϬ Ϭй ϭй Ϯй ϯй ϰй ϱй ϲй

Sensitivity to Turbine Rotor Inlet Temperature

WĞƌĐĞŶƚDŝƐƐŝŽŶŶĞƌŐǇŚĂŶŐĞ Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration www.nasa.gov ^ƚĂƚŽƌ>ŽƐƐĨĨĞĐƚĞĚǇ ^ƵƉĞƌĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŝŶŐ&ŝůĂŵĞŶƚ ^ŝǌĞ ƐƐƵŵĞĚϭϬŵŝĐƌŽŶ ^KŝƐϰϬͲϱϬŵŝĐƌŽŶǁŚŝĐŚ ƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶϮϬϬйŚŝŐŚĞƌůŽƐƐ ĚĚŝƚŝŽŶůŽƐƐŝŶ ^KͬƌǇŽĐŽŽůĞƌƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĐƌǇŽĐŽŽůĞƌƐŝǌĞĂŶĚ ƉŽǁĞƌǇŝĞůĚŝŶŐϰйŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶ ŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞŶĞƌŐǇ ŽƵŶƚĞƌŝŶƚƵŝƚŝǀĞůǇDŐϮͬ>,Ϯ DŝƐƐŝŽŶŶĞƌŐǇZ^^ ǁŝƚŚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐƐƚĂƚŽƌůŽƐƐ͘ dŚŝƐŝƐĚƵĞƚŽŵŽƌĞ>,Ϯ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĨŽƌĐŽŽůŝŶŐǁŚŝĐŚ Zh^ƚŽƚĂůĨƵĞůǁĞŝŐŚƚ ǁŚŝĐŚƌĞĚƵĐĞƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞŶĞƌŐǇ • • • • • • ϰϬϬй ϯϬϬй

Sensitivity to Stator Loss

ϮϬϬй ^KͬƌǇŽĐŽŽůĞƌ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶ^ƚĂƚŽƌ>ŽƐƐ ϭϬϬй DŐϮͬ>,Ϯ Ϭй Ϭй Ϯй ϰй ϲй ϴй ͲϮй DŝƐƐŝŽŶŶĞƌŐǇŚĂŶŐĞ ϭϬй ϭϮй Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration www.nasa.gov

Questions?

Fundamental Aeronautics Program Fixed Wing Project National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Overview