General-aviation pilot reactions to and opinions on grooved runways

APPENDIX A CORRELATION OF ANSWERS FROM QUESTIONNAIRE

PART I , PILOT Q.UESTIONNAIRES Question #1 Have you experienced hydroplaning or poor braking on a wet .or slushy runway?

Yes N o - Wet - Slushy:, , No of times

NUMBER OF PILOTS PI.STON , , TUR,BO-PROP, , ,JET , .T,OTAL YES 361 93 177 631

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NO 72 1 73 93 177 625 WET 3 59 SLUSHY 151 55 98 304 34 57 287 0 m : Several 120 42 95 257 at 17 25 87 45 Many 8’ 0 - t i Z H Q u e s t i o n s # 2 and 3 H a v e you heard of R u n w a y G r o o v i n g ?

Y e s , , , , , , N o - A r e you a w a r e t h a t r u n w a y ,/ is grooved? Y e s N o _ _ I - NUMBER OF P I L O T S P1,STON . . , TURBO.-PROP . , ,JET TOTAL Q u e s t i o n YES 406 91 1.77 6 74 TWO NO 27 2 1 30 TOTAL 433 93 178 704 Q u e s t i o n YES 336 67 138 541 T h r e e NO 97 26 40 163 TOTAL 433 93 178 704 Q u e s t i o n #4 How d i d you acquire t h a t i n f o r m a t i o n ?

Tower A d v i s o r y F e l t V i b r a t i o n S a w G r o o v e s N o i s e , , O t h e r NUMBER OF P I L O T S , . P I S T O N , , , TURBO.-PR,OP J E T TOTAL 20 50 TOWER ADVISORY 23 7 77 330 OBSERVATION 206 47 8 51 CONVERSATION 34 9 104 347 PUBLICATIONS 188 55 48 11 23 82 OTHER TOTAL* 499 129 232 86 0 *A p i l o t niay acquire i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m m o r e than one source.

Question #5 Have you landed on runway . , ,- ,/ prior to , , /. / How many times Wet D r Y NUMBER OF PILOTS RUNWAY DCA. , , , MDY , MKC JFK TOTAL YES 182 199 157 9 629 NO 10 8 39 18 75 F E W 19 24 16 6 65 SEVERAL 51 25 64 36 176 MANY 112 150 77 49 388 141 85 551 WET 154 171 151 90 596 DRY 172 183 Q u e s t i o n #6 Have you l a n d e d on runway , . / s i n c e i t was g r o o v e d ?

, I f y e s , how many t i m e s ? Under what c o n d i t i o n s ?

Dry W e t S l u s h y NUMBER OF PILOTS PI STON TURBO-PROP, J E T TOTAL YES 417 92 177 6 86 NO 1 6 1 1 18 w F E W 10 2 31 78 211 0 u ) ~ SEVERAL 1 6 1 44 6 2 26 7 a . E MANY 1 5 4 17 37 208 0 . I 4 Z E El’ 3 , O 2 96 66 146 508 WET m -I4 SLUSHY 6 1 15 5 81 z: s a E d u Q u e s t i o n #7 Have you landed on o t h e r grooved runways? Y e s , , No Under what c o n d i t i o n s ? W e t , D r y S l u s h y I f y e s , where? . , No.of t i m e s NUMBER OF PILOTS

PI STON I TURBO-PROP,, . , JET TOTAL

3 56 49 75 4 80 NO 77 44 103 2 24 YES WET 53 25 72 150 DRY 6 1 40 93 194 SLUSHY 4 4 8 JFK 1 9 1 7 30 66 MDY 20 20 4 1 81 DCA 37 20 54 111 MKC 1 2 7 7 26 F E W 32 21 45 98 SEVERAL 23 2 1 45 MANY 20 2 10 Q u e s t i o n #8 P a r t 1. Did you n o t i c e a n y improvement l a n d i n g on a grooved runway i n : Braking Action? Y e s NO W e t , Slushy L _ - P a r t 2. Crosswind D i r e c t i o n a l C o n t r o l ? Y e s No W e t Dry-

_II- -

P a r t 3.

Reducing Landing/Takeoff R o l l ? Y e s -- N o Wet - Dry-

Part 4. V i s i b i l i t y During Reverse T h r u s t ? Y e s NO P a r t 5. S e e i n g t h e Runway During Approaches?

NUMBER OF PILOTS , , P,ISTON TURBO-PROP JET, TOTAL PART 1* YES 239 69 153 46 1 W E T 80 1 5 59 154 DRY 32 6 16 54 NO 194 24 25 243 PART 2 YES 130 47 108 285 WET 40 10 52 102 DRY 1 7 3 14 34 NO 249 39 54 342 NOT SURE 54 7 16 77 PART 3 YES 149 47 119 315 WET 53 10 52 115 DRY 24 3 1 7 44 .NO 218 33 34 285 NOT SURE 66 13 2 5 104

Q u e s t i o n #8 ( C o n t i n u e d ) NUMBER OF P I L O T S PI STON . TJJRB.O,-PROP , , . , ,JET , , TOTAL PART 4 YES 2 22 32 56 NO 48 19 61 128 NOT SURE 383 52 85 520 PART 5* 77 2 17 DAY/YES 109 31 VFR/NO 324 62 101 487 PART 6* DAY/YES 85 30 76 191 IFR/NO 348 63 102 513 PART 7* NIGHT/YES 58 29 69 156 VFR/NO 375 64 109 548 PART 8* N I GHT/YE S , 33 68 12 8 I FR/NO 400 66 110 576 *The answer " N o t S u r e / N o Comment'' was considered n e g a t i v e .

Q u e s t i o n #9 I n your o p i n i o n , do y o u - t h i n k Runway Grooving h e l p s you t o o p e r a t e your a i r c r a f t more s a f e l y ?

Yes N o NTJMBER OF P I L O T S P,I STON TURBO- PROP J E T TOTAL YES 374 90 164 628 2 40 NO 37 1 2 12 36 NOT SURE 22 93 178 704 TOTAL 433 Question #10 Do you recommend grooving f o r a l l runways? Y e s . , No NUMBER OF P I L O T S ,PISTON , TURBO-PROP , ,JET, TOTAL YES 3 86 89 171 6 46

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NO 22 1 23 NO OPINION 25 4 6 35 TOTAL 433 93 178 704

BASIC QUESTIONNAIRE DATA PART 11, TOWER PERSONN+ QUEST1,ONNAIRE Q u e s t i o n #1 Do you n o t i c e a n y r e d u c t i o n i n t h e size s p r a y p a t t e r n s of a i r c r a f t o p e r a t i n g o n grooved runways v e r s u s t h o s e n o t grooved?

Y e s N o , , D e s c r i b e : C o n s i d e r a b l e Some L i t t l e AIRPORT CONTROL TOWER SPECIALIST D.C. CHICAGO NEW YORK A I RPORT KANSAS NATIONAL MIDWAY KENNEDY TOTAL PERCENT* 3 0 2 1 58.3 YES 10 8 0 2 2 11 15 41.7 NO 9 2 3 0 14 38.9 CONSIDERABLE 1 2 0 0 3 8.3 SOME 0 4 0 0 4 11.1 LITTLE 0 2 2 11 15 41.7 NONE *Of t o t a l tower personnel (36) i n t e r v i e w e d .

Q u e s t i o n #2 Do you n o t i c e any s i g n i f i c a n t improvement i n runway t r a f f i c management d u r i n g a d v e r s e c o n d i t i o n s o n grooved runways?

Y e s , . , NO D e s c r i b e : C o n s i d e r a b l e . , , . , Some L i t t l e AIRPORT CONTROL TOWER SPECIALIST D.C. CHICAGO NEW PORK A I RPORT KANSAS NATIONAL . MIDWAY, KENNEDY TOTAL PERCENT* 24 6 6 . 7 YES 10 9 3 2 12 33.3 NO 0 1 2 9 7 6 2 0 15 41.7 CONSIDERABLE 3 1 1 2 7 1 9 . 4 SOME 0 2 0 0 2 5.6 LITTLE 0 1 2 9 12 33.3 NONE *Of t o t a l tower p e r s o n n e l (36) i n t e r v i e w e d .

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NASA-Langley, 1969 - 2 CR-1428