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<A S - O R STUDY OF TEE SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT
IN T€lE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL S Y S m j
B y b c h a r d H. Sawyer, Joseph W. Stickle,
and Richard Morris
J ~ - i c l c o + J " ,
-_-- - 3 NASA .Langley Research Center
/ Langley Station, %ampton,,Va.
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Microfiche (M F) 53
ff 653 July 65 I,
A SIMlTLAToR S " D Y OF THE SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT
I N TEE AIR T R A F F I C CONTROL SYSTEM
By Richard H. Sawyer, Joseph W . Stickle,
and Richard Morris
ABSTRACT
35283 A
simula-
!l%is paper presents the scope and objectives of the j o i n t NASA-FAA
t o r program studying the problems of integrating proposed designs of the SST
~
i n t o t h e already highly complex air t r a f f i c control system. Descriptions of
the four-place, fixed-base SST simulator located at N A S A Langley Research
Center, t h e FAA's Model B ATC simulator located at NAFEC, and t h e interface
~ between these f a c i l i t i e s a r e given. The t e s t program and method of analysis i s discussed.
A SIM[JLATOR STUDY O F THE SUF%RSONICTRANSPORT I N THE A I R TRAFFlC COFTROL SYSTEM By Richard H. Sawyer, Joseph W. S t i c k l e , Aerospace Engineers, Airworthiness Branch Flight Mechanics and Technology Division Langley Research Center, NASA and Richard Morris Aerospace Technologist, Simulator Development Section Analysis and Computational Division Langley Research Center, N A S A Summary cockpit ( f i g . 1). The equipment shown i n f i g - u r e 3(a) provides f o r simulation of ground-based An NASA-FAA cooperative program f o r studying navigation a i d s including up t o 6 VIIF omni-range the problems anticipated i n integrating t h e SST (VOR) s t a t i o n s with distance measuring equipment with the A T C system is described. The program (DME), marker beacons, and a simulated instrument employs a technique of operating a four-place landing system ( ILS) . The communications console, SST simulator i n a real-time t r a f f i c control figure 3(b), provides t h e switching capability environment created by ATC simulation f a c i l i t i e s . required i n implementing the simulated VKF radio Descriptions of the equipment, technique, and communications between t h e p i l o t s and a i r t r a f f i c t e s t program a r e provided. controllers over telephone l i n e s . For HF communi- cations, such a s company reports, t h e operator a t Introduction t h i s s t a t i o n serves a s t h e ground contact. A dual-channel tape recorder i s provided f o r pre- I n order t o study the problems anticipated serving air-to-ground and ground-to-air communica- i n connection with the integration of the super- tions. The two X-Y recorders shown i n figure 3(c) sonic transport with the air t r a f f i c control provide for continuous ground t r a c k recording over system, the National Aeronautics and Space full-scale ranges from 40 t o 4,000 nautical miles ~ Administration and Federal Aviation Agency have square.
i n i t i a t e d a cooperative research program. T h i s program w i l l make use of a supersonic transport I n addition t o the above equipment, f i v e simulator located at NASA Langley Research Electronics Associates' 23lR d-c analog computers Center, Hampton, Virginia, and the a i r t r a f f i c are programed t o solve six-degree-of-freedom control simulator located a t t h e FAA's National motion equations for an a i r c r a f t having t h e char- Aviation F a c i l i t y Experimental Center, Atlantic a c t e r i s t i c s of a supersonic transport design.
City, N e w Jersey. By means of data and voice Signals from t h e p i l o t ' s control motions a r e con- I links connecting these f a c i l i t i e s , projected verted i n t o the proper a i r c r a f t instrument indi- designs of t h e supersonic transport w i l l be flown cations by means of this analog computer program.
i n real-time air t r a f f i c control environments.
The computer program i s scaled t o cover a The objectives of t h e program are (1) t o Mach number range from 0 t o 4.0 and an a l t i t u d e determine t h e e f f e c t s of the ATC system on SST range from sea l e v e l t o 100,000 f e e t . The charac- design and equipment requirements, and (2) t o t e r i s t i c s of the engine, autopilot, and other air- determine the e f f e c t s of t h e SST on An: system I craft systems are also programed i n the analog requirement 6 .
computer. Engine t h r u s t and f u e l flow character- i s t i c s a r e expressed as a function of Mach number, I The purpose of this paper is t o describe the a l t i t u d e , and t h r o t t l e position f o r four independ- equipment, technique, and t e s t program for t h i s ent engines. The equations representing the study. autopilot provide f o r t h e conventional modes of Mach-hold, attitude-hold, and altitude-hold.
The Supersonic Transport Simulator The A T C Environment A plan view of the fixed-base supersonic transport simulator i s shown i n f i g u r e 1. The The real-time simulated A T C environment i s flight compartment i s similar t o that of current created by means of a combination of an air t r a f - jet transport a i r c r a f t with seating f o r t h e f i c control f a c i l i t i e s simulation and an a i r ~ p i l o t , copilot, f l i g h t engineer, navigator, and a t r a f f i c sample simulation. Both of these simula- jump seat f o r an observer. The f l i g h t instnunen- tions are provided by the F A A and create t h e t a t i o n i s a l s o similar t o t h a t used i n current environment i n which t h e SST simulator i s operated j e t transport a i r c r a f t with instrument ranges for t h e t e s t s .
modified only t o cover the higher a l t i t u d e and The air t r a f f i c control f a c i l i t i e s simulated Mach number operation o f the SST. A n i n t e r i o r view of the flight compartment i s given i n consist of an e n t i r e A i r Route T r a f f i c Control f i g u r e 2.
Center (ARTCC), a p a r t i a l adjoining ARTCC, and an approach control and tower complex for one a i r - Accessory equipment needed t o provide for port. The area controlled is 400 nautical miles
4 shows part of an
navigation, communication, recording, and power by 400 nautical miles. Figure requirements i s located i n a room behind the A i r T r a f f i c Control F a c i l i t i e s simulation similar L-4037 t o t h a t being prepared f o r the subject program. simulating a c t u a l radio communications. c 0 5 u n i - These f a c i l i t i e s are staffed by approximately cations between t h e p i l o t s of the SST simulator 30 experienced a i r % r a f f i c controllers, including and t h e controllers i s effected over two leased , some currently assigned t o the area being simu- long l i n e s which a r e connected i n t o the B k l l lated. The controllers a r e provided with modern 300 system. The dialing, i n this case, i s done by TV-type bright radar displays with video maps t h e communications controller i n accordance with showing airways, holding and terminal areas, and t h e radio frequencies selected by the SST simula- navigation a i d s - as well a s the usual f l i g h t t o r p i l o t s .
progress s t r i p s and interphone and radio communi- The radar displays have the Test Program cations equipment.
o f displaying information from the capability proposed h$-code radar transponder beacon The t e s t program i s designed t o study a r r i v a l and departure operations of the supersonic trans- system, Sllowing alpha-numeric display of air- c r a f t i d e n t i t y and a l t i t u d e alongside the coded p o r t t o and from the Kennedy International Airport slash marks representing t h e t a r g e t position. i n t h e multi-airport N e w York area. A mixed traf- f i c sample representing conditions of high-density The a i r t r a f f i c sample simulation i s created t r a f f i c flow including a limited number of SST by 108 electronic t a r g e t generators which provide a i r c r a f t , one of which is t h e SST simulator, i s rho-theta and transponder beacon information t o used. All t r a f f i c i s under positive control of t h e c o n t r o l l e r ' s radar scopes. A photograph of the N e w York A i r Route T r a f f i c Control Center, sane of the t a r g e t generators i s shown i n f i g - adjacent centers, and Kennedy Departure, Arrival, ure 5- Each t a r g e t generator, representing one and Tower F a c i l i t i e s .
a i r c r a f t , consists of a console with an airways display map and an operator. By adjusting knob Two or three proposed design configurations and lever controls and actuating switches, the f o r t h e SST, including both fixed-geometry and operator maneuvers the simulated a i r c r a f t along variable-sweep wing concepts, are included i n the t h e airways system and departure and a r r i v a l Airline pilot-copilot teams of two program.
paths according t o a preprogramed s c r i p t and l e v e l s of experience who are currently engaged i n instructions from t h e controllers over a simu- j e t transport operations provide t h e majority of l a t e d radio communications network. Each t a r g e t t h e required piloting. Some p i l o t i n g i s provided During t h e generator i s programed t o have the simplified by NASA and F A A f l i g h t t e s t p i l o t s .
o v e r a l l characteristics of a p a r t i c u l a r type of program, the SST simulator f l i g h t controls and a i r c r a f t . A number of types of a i r c r a f t are pro- instrumentation, t y p i c a l of current j e t transport gramed i n order t o create t h e t r a f f i c mix instrumentation, w i l l be updated t o r e f l e c t cur- required. rent state-of-the-art advances. Such items a s p i c t o r i a l navigation displays, tape-type instru- Data Transmission and Communications ments, command-type instruments, automatic t h r o t - t l e control, side-arm controller, f u e l management Data transmission between the SST simulator systems, and automatic air-ground-air communica- and the ATC! simulation f a c i l i t i e s i s effected t i o n systems a r e being considered.
over leased private telephone lines. A block diagram of the data transmission system i s shown Current air t r a f f i c control procedures and i n f i g u r e 6. The SST simulator ground coordi- equipment a r e employed i n t h e i n i t i a l part of the nates (x-Y) and a l t i t u d e (z) information a r e con- program with the exception of t h e handling given verted from analog t o d i g i t a l signals f o r trans- t o t h e SST's. The conditions t o be covered i n t h e mission v i a a B e l l X)lA d a t a phone link t o t h e study a r e (1) present-day handling (no p r i o r i t y ) , A ! l ! C simulation f a c i l i t i e s . D i g i t a l radar beacon (2) special handling (minimum holding and devia- transponder signals f r o m t h e SST simulator f o r t i o n from t r a c k ) , and ( 3 ) p r i o r i t y handling (no For l a t e r a i r c r a f t identity, a l t i t u d e , and beacon code a r e holding o r deviation from t r a c k ) .
transmitted over the same system. The SST s h u - phases of the program, t h e air t r a f f i c control l a t o r position information j o i n s the position procedures and equipment w i l l be updated t o Information from the t a r g e t generators i n the r e f l e c t t h e air t r a f f i c control system envisioned simulated radar system f o r display on t h e con- A i r t r a f f i c con- f o r the 1970-1975 time period.
t r o l l e r ' s radar displays and a l s o f o r recording t r o l procedures and equipment which a r e being con- i n the d a t a collection system. The d a t a collec- sidered include t h e use of off-airways a r r i v a l and t i o n system has the capability of playing back departure routes, segregation of t r a f f i c according the problem for subsequent analysis. The beacon t o performance capability , provision of a l t i t u d e / transponder information from the SST sjmulator i d e n t i f i c a t i o n alpha-numeric displays on the radar j o i n s the beacon transponder information from the displays, and automation of flight program d a t a radar t a r g e t generators i n the simulated An: updating.
radar beacon system f o r display on t h e con-
t r o l l e r ' s radar displays. Concluding Remarks
Communications between the radar t a r g e t gen- I n summary, t h e j o i n t NASA-FA4 SST-ATC pro- e r a t o r operators and the air t r a f f i c controllers gram w i l l allow, i n real-time simulation, a study i s effected via a Bell 300 telephone switching of t h e problems of integrating proposed designs system. This system is an extremely v e r s a t i l e of t h e SST with t h e ATC! system. For these telephone system which allows many operators t o studies, a four-place fixed-base SST simulator d i a l the same controller simultaneously, thus, located a t NASA Langley Research Center w i l l be wing SST concepts will be studied under different operated in an air traffic control environment types of handling by E.
pToduced by Pn: simulation facilities at NAFEC. Current aircraft flight ~ controls and instrumentation and current ATC pro- The test program is based on arrival and depar- ture operations to and from Kennedy International cedures and equipment will be updated during the , Airport. Both fixed-geometry and variable-sweep course of the program to reflect conditions envisioned f o r the 1970-1975 time period.
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