Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport 2017 | Rotax 915 IS

Where required by the local country approval, this flight manual is always to be carried on board of the aircraft and must be kept in current, up-to-date status. The latest revisions and version status is available at www.auto-gyro.com. Extent and revision status of the manual is recorded in the revision log and the table of contents. This gyroplane may be operated only in strict compliance with the limitations and procedures contained in this manual. The manual is not a substitute for competent theoretical and practical training on the operation of this aircraft. Failure to adhere to its provisions or to take proper flight instruction can have fatal consequences. Applicability This manual is applicable for MTOsport Model 2017 915 iS. For predecessor models, all previously released handbooks remain valid. AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 Pre-pages 4 REVISION LOG Rev. Inserted by Date Signature 1.1 AutoGyro GmbH 14.08.2019 Issue 1.1 includes minor updates and corrections, marked by a solid bar in the margin. Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 Table of Contents List of Effective Pages AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 Index / LOEP 1 CONTENTS SECTION 1 - GENERAL................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Certification ................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Performance Data and Operating Procedures ............................................... 1-1 1.4 Definition of Terms ........................................................................................ 1-2 1.5 Important Note............................................................................................... 1-2 1.6 Three-view of the MTOsport Model 2017 915 iS ............................................ 1-3 1.7 Description .................................................................................................... 1-4 1.8 Technical Data .............................................................................................. 1-4 1.9 Rotor .............................................................................................................1-4 1.10 Engine........................................................................................................... 1-5 1.11 Propeller........................................................................................................ 1-5 1.12 Unit Conversion.............................................................................................1-6 1.13 Abbreviations and Terminology .....................................................................1-7 SECTION 2 - LIMITATIONS .............................................................................................2-1 2.1 General .........................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Environmental Limitations..............................................................................2-2 2.3 Colour Code for Instrument Markings ............................................................ 2-3 2.4 Airspeed Limitations and Instrument Markings............................................... 2-4 2.5 Rotor Speed Limitations and Instrument Markings.........................................2-4 2.6 Power Plant Limitations and Instrument Markings..........................................2-5 2.7 Weight and Balance ...................................................................................... 2-8 2.8 Flight Crew .................................................................................................... 2-9 2.9 Kinds of Operation.........................................................................................2-9 2.10 Fuel ............................................................................................................. 2-10 2.11 Minimum Equipment.................................................................................... 2-12 2.12 Placards ...................................................................................................... 2-12 SECTION 3 - EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Engine Failure ............................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Air Restart Procedure .................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Landing into Trees or High Vegetation........................................................... 3-3 3.4 Degradation of Engine Power ........................................................................ 3-3 3.5 Evacuating the Aircraft................................................................................... 3-3 3.6 Engine Fire.................................................................................................... 3-3 3.7 Off-field Landing ............................................................................................ 3-4 3.8 Flight Control Malfunction ..............................................................................3-4 3.9 Warning Lights .............................................................................................. 3-9 3.10 Parameters out of Limits.............................................................................. 3-12 3.11 Rotor System............................................................................................... 3-13 3.12 Rotor Icing................................................................................................... 3-13 3.13 Landing with a Deflated Tyre ....................................................................... 3-13 Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 Table of Contents List of Effective Pages AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 Index / LOEP 2 3.14 Alternative Method of Engine Shut-Down .................................................... 3-13 3.15 Failure of Variable Pitch Propeller (if installed) ............................................ 3-13 SECTION 4 - NORMAL PROCEDURES .......................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Airspeeds for Safe Operation ........................................................................ 4-1 4.2 Preparation for Flight..................................................................................... 4-1 4.3 Daily or Pre-flight Checks .............................................................................. 4-1 4.4 Before Boarding ............................................................................................ 4-5 4.5 Before Starting Engine .................................................................................. 4-6 4.6 Starting Engine.............................................................................................. 4-6 4.7 Taxi and Run-up............................................................................................ 4-7 4.8 Take-off Procedure ....................................................................................... 4-9 4.9 Take-off Run ............................................................................................... 4-11 4.10 Climb........................................................................................................... 4-12 4.11 Cruise ......................................................................................................... 4-12 4.12 Descent....................................................................................................... 4-12 4.13 Approach..................................................................................................... 4-13 4.14 Landing ....................................................................................................... 4-13 4.15 Go-around................................................................................................... 4-14 4.16 After Landing............................................................................................... 4-14 4.17 Engine Shut-down....................................................................................... 4-15 4.18 Parking........................................................................................................ 4-15 4.19 Special Procedure: Short Field Take-off ...................................................... 4-15 4.20 Special Procedure: Slow Speed Sink and Recovery.................................... 4-16 4.21 Training Engine In-flight Shut-down and Air Restart .................................... 4-16 4.22 Noise Abatement......................................................................................... 4-17 SECTION 5 - PERFORMANCE........................................................................................ 5-1 5.1 Demonstrated Operating Temperature .......................................................... 5-1 5.2 Airspeed Correction....................................................................................... 5-1 5.3 Height-Velocity Diagram................................................................................ 5-2 5.4 Speeds.......................................................................................................... 5-3 5.5 Rate of Climb ................................................................................................ 5-3 5.6 Take-off and Landing Data ............................................................................ 5-3 5.7 Sink Rate and Glide Ratio ............................................................................. 5-6 5.8 Additional Performance Data......................................................................... 5-6 5.9 Effect of rain and dirt ..................................................................................... 5-7 5.10 Sound Exposure Level / Noise Characteristics .............................................. 5-7 5.11 High Altitude Operation ................................................................................. 5-7 SECTION 6 - WEIGHT AND BALANCE ........................................................................... 6-1 6.1 General ......................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Weight and Balance Record.......................................................................... 6-1 6.3 Compliance with Weight and Balance ........................................................... 6-1 SECTION 7 - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION............................................................................ 7-1 7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 7-1 Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 Table of Contents List of Effective Pages AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 Index / LOEP 3 7.2 Airframe and Undercarriage........................................................................... 7-1 7.3 Doors, Windows and Exits .............................................................................7-1 7.4 Fuel System ..................................................................................................7-1 7.5 Pneumatic System.........................................................................................7-3 7.6 Power Plant ................................................................................................... 7-4 7.7 Propeller........................................................................................................ 7-4 7.8 Rotor System (TOPP).................................................................................... 7-5 7.9 Flight Controls ............................................................................................... 7-5 7.10 Electrical System........................................................................................... 7-8 7.11 Lighting System.............................................................................................7-9 7.12 Instrument Panel ......................................................................................... 7-10 7.13 Radio and Intercom (if installed) .................................................................. 7-23 7.14 Pitot Static ................................................................................................... 7-23 7.15 Indicators and Sensors................................................................................ 7-23 7.16 Seats and Seatbelts .................................................................................... 7-23 7.17 Stowage Capacity........................................................................................ 7-24 SECTION 8 - HANDLING AND SERVICING.....................................................................8-1 8.1 Maintenance Obligations ............................................................................... 8-1 8.2 General .........................................................................................................8-1 8.3 Ground Handling ........................................................................................... 8-2 8.4 Cleaning ........................................................................................................ 8-2 8.5 Refuelling ......................................................................................................8-2 8.6 Checking of Engine Oil Level.........................................................................8-3 8.7 Checking of Engine Coolant Level .................................................................8-3 8.8 Tyres and Pressures .....................................................................................8-3 8.9 Lubrication and Greasing............................................................................... 8-3 8.10 Replenishing of Fluids ................................................................................... 8-4 8.11 Engine Air Filter.............................................................................................8-4 8.12 Propeller........................................................................................................ 8-5 8.13 Battery........................................................................................................... 8-5 8.14 Winter Operation ........................................................................................... 8-5 8.15 Removal, Disassembly, Assembly and Installation of the Rotor .....................8-6 8.16 Road Transport ........................................................................................... 8-10 8.17 Repairs........................................................................................................ 8-11 SECTION 9 - SUPPLEMENTS .......................................................................................... 9-i 9-1 Variable Pitch Propeller – Woodcomp KW-30 ................................................................ 1 9-1.1 General ............................................................................................................ 1 9-1.2 Limitations ........................................................................................................ 1 9-1.3 Emergency Procedures .................................................................................... 1 9-1.4 Normal Procedures........................................................................................... 1 9-1.5 Performance..................................................................................................... 2 9-1.6 Weight and Balance ......................................................................................... 2 9-1.7 System Description........................................................................................... 2 Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 Table of Contents List of Effective Pages AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 Index / LOEP 4 9-1.8 Handling and Servicing .................................................................................... 2 9-2 Lights ............................................................................................................................ 1 9-2.1 General ............................................................................................................ 1 9-2.2 Limitations........................................................................................................ 2 9-2.3 Emergency Procedures.................................................................................... 2 9-2.4 Normal Procedures .......................................................................................... 2 9-2.5 Performance .................................................................................................... 2 9-2.6 Weight and Balance ......................................................................................... 2 9-2.7 System Description .......................................................................................... 2 9-2.8 Handling and Servicing .................................................................................... 3 9-3 GPS/Moving Map Systems............................................................................................ 1 9-3.1 General ............................................................................................................ 1 9-3.2 through 9-3.6 ......................................................................................................... 1 9-3.7 System Description .......................................................................................... 1 9-3.8 Handling and Servicing .................................................................................... 1 9-4 ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter)........................................................................... 1 9-4.1 General ............................................................................................................ 1 9-4.2 Limitations........................................................................................................ 1 9-4.3 Emergency Procedures.................................................................................... 1 9-4.4 Normal Procedures .......................................................................................... 1 9-4.5 through 9-4.6 ......................................................................................................... 1 9-4.7 System Description .......................................................................................... 1 9-4.8 Handling and Servicing .................................................................................... 2 9-5 Instructor Cockpit .......................................................................................................... 1 9-5.1 General ............................................................................................................ 1 9-5.2 through 9-5.6 ......................................................................................................... 1 9-5.7 System Description .......................................................................................... 1 SECTION 10 - SAFETY TIPS......................................................................................... 10-1 APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................... 10-1 Operator Registration Form Customer Feedback Form Incident Reporting Form Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 Table of Contents List of Effective Pages AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 Index / LOEP 5 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Page(s) Rev. Date Page(s) Rev. Date 1-1 to 1-8 1.1 14.08.2019 8-1 to 8-11 1.1 14.08.2019 2-1 to 2-14 1.1 14.08.2019 9-1 – 1 to 4 1.1 14.08.2019 3-1 to 3-12 1.1 14.08.2019 9-2 – 1 to 1 1.1 14.08.2019 4-1 to 4-15 1.1 14.08.2019 9-3 – 1 to 1 1.1 14.08.2019 5-1 to 5-7 1.1 14.08.2019 9-4 – 1 to 2 1.1 14.08.2019 6-1 to 6-1 1.1 14.08.2019 9-5 – 1 to 1 1.1 14.08.2019 7-1 to 7-25 1.1 14.08.2019 10-1 to 10-4 1.1 14.08.2019 Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 Table of Contents List of Effective Pages AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 Index / LOEP 6 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-i CONTENTS 1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Certification ................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Performance Data and Operating Procedures ............................................... 1-1 1.4 Definition of Terms ........................................................................................ 1-2 1.5 Important Note............................................................................................... 1-2 1.6 Three-view of the MTOsport Model 2017....................................................... 1-3 1.7 Description .................................................................................................... 1-4 1.8 Technical Data .............................................................................................. 1-4 1.9 Rotor .............................................................................................................1-4 1.10 Engine........................................................................................................... 1-5 1.11 Propeller........................................................................................................ 1-5 1.12 Unit Conversion.............................................................................................1-6 1.13 Abbreviations and Terminology .....................................................................1-7 Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-1 SECTION 1 - GENERAL 1.1 Introduction This manual is designed as an operating guide for pilots, instructors, and owners/operators, providing information for the safe and efficient operation of this gyroplane. It includes material required to be furnished to the pilot by the competent certification authority. However, this handbook is not designed as a substitute for adequate and competent flight instruction. Pilots of this aircraft must hold a proper license including the class rating ‘gyroplane’, corresponding to the aircraft’s registration. A special endorsement may be required to fly with passengers. It is the pilot’s responsibility to be familiar with this handbook, the special characteristics of this gyroplane, and all other information and legal requirements relevant for the operation in his country. The pilot is responsible to determine the gyroplane is safe for flight, and to operate the aircraft with respect to the procedures and limitations provided in this manual. It is the owner’s/operator’s responsibility to have this gyroplane registered and insured, according to country-specific regulations. The aircraft owner/operator is also responsible for maintaining the gyroplane in airworthy condition. Maintenance instructions are provided in the Maintenance Manual and in SECTION 8 of this manual. Note that depending on the kind of operation, type of maintenance activity, or component involved, the competent authority may dictate qualified personnel and/or respective facilities. 1.2 Certification The MTOsport Model 2017 is designed, tested and certified according to the German design specifications for microlight gyroplanes (“Bauvorschriften für Ultraleichte Tragschrauber”, BUT 2001) including its latest amendment published in “Nachrichten für Luftfahrer” NfL II 13/09 issued 12.02.2009, as well as the British Civil Airworthiness Requirements (BCAR) Section T. The corresponding certification documents (Geräte-Kennblatt) have been issued by the responsible Germany department DULV (Deutscher Ultraleichtflugverband e.V.), respectively the German national certifying authority. The UK CAA issue an Airworthiness Approval Notice (AAN) and Type Approval Data sheet (TADS), available from the UK CAA website. The noise certificate was granted according to the German requirements for noise protection for microlight gyroplanes (“Lärmschutzverordnung für Ultraleichte Tragschrauber”). 1.3 Performance Data and Operating Procedures The legal basis for operating a gyroplane is provided by national law and its respective regulations. The instructions and conditions contained have to be considered when operating the gyroplane. All documented performance data and operating procedures have been identified within the certification processes for this gyroplane by means of flight test and analysis. Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-2 1.4 Definition of Terms This manual uses WARNINGs, CAUTIONs and NOTEs in bold capital letters to indicate especially critical and important instructions. Additionally, the colour of the panel (red, yellow, and grey shading) highlights the significance of the instruction. Definitions for each term are given below. WARNING A warning means that the neglect of the appropriate procedure or condition could result in personal injury or loss of life. CAUTION A caution means that the neglect of the appropriate procedure or condition could result in damage to or destruction of equipment. NOTE A note stresses the attention for a special circumstance, which is essential to emphasize. 1.5 Important Note Before each flight pilots must make themselves familiar with the appropriate navigational, weather and safety information pertinent to their planned route. The limitations provided in SECTION 2 of this manual must be respected at all times. Check the manufacturer’s web site www.auto-gyro.com regularly for flight manual updates, airworthiness directives, service bulletins, or safety information. Abrupt manoeuvres or flight in heavy turbulence must be avoided as this could lead to rotor speed variations associated with high stress, possible damage to the aircraft, or uncontrollable attitudes. Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-3 1.6 Three-view of the MTOsport Model 2017 915 iS 5.25 m 2.76 m Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-4 1.7 Description General Characteristics  Gyroplane with nose gear wheel chassis  Framework manufactured from inert-gas welded stainless steel tube  Two-seat tandem configuration  Main landing gear with GRP (glass fibre reinforced plastic) spring spar and hydraulic disc brakes  Extruded aluminium rotor  Rotor head controlled with connecting rods  Rudder controlled with cables and push-pull cables  Rudder and stabilizer surfaces made of carbon fibre 1.8 Technical Data Length: ...................................................................................................5.25 m Width: .....................................................................................................1.88 m Height: ....................................................................................................2.76 m Empty weight:..........................................................................................295 kg Useful load: .............................................................................................265 kg Take-off weight/mass (max.):...................................................................560 kg Fuel tank capacity: .................................................................................... 94 ltr 1.9 Rotor General Type: ................................................ TOPP 2-bladed, fixed pitch, free to teeter Material: ............................................... EN AW 6005A T6 aluminium extrusion Blade profile: ................................................................................. NACA 8H12 Rotor diameter.......................................................................................... 8.4 m Rotor disc area 8.4m ........................................................................... 55.4 sqm Rotor disc load 560Kg MTOW, 8.4m............................................... 10.1 kg/sqm Rotor diameter.......................................................................................... 8.6 m Rotor disc area 8.6m ........................................................................... 58.1 sqm Rotor disc load 560Kg MTOW, 8.6m................................................. 9.6 kg/sqm Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-5 1.10 Engine ROTAX 915 iS  4-cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine with opposed cylinders with turbo charger  Liquid cooled cylinder heads  Air cooled cylinders  Dry sump forced lubrication with separate oil tank  Automatic adjustment by hydraulic valve tappet  Fuel injected  2 electric fuel pumps  Electronic dual ignition  Propeller drive via reduction unit with integrated mechanical shock absorber and overload clutch  Electric starter (12V 0.6kW)  Air intake system, exhaust system 1.11 Propeller HTC 4 Blade Airscrew with ground adjustable pitch made of CRP / GRP Model .........................................................................HTC 4 Blade 172 ccw 3B Number of blades ............................................................................................ 4 Diameter ............................................................................................... 172 cm In-flight pitch adjustment ........................................................................... none Woodcomp KW-30 hydraulic inflight adjustable Prop Airscrew with in-flight adjustable pitch made of CRP / wood Model..................................................................................................... KW-30 Number of blades............................................................................................. 3 Diameter .............................................................................................. 172 cm In-flight pitch adjustment ........................................... Hydraulic, constant speed Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-6 1.12 Unit Conversion Multiply by to obtain kts (knots) 1.852 km/h km/h (kilometres per hour) 0.54 kts mph (miles per hour) 1.61 km/h km/h (kilometres per hour) 0.62 mph ft (feet) 0.305 m m (metres) 3.28 ft Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-7 1.13 Abbreviations and Terminology ACL Anti-Collision Light AGL Above Ground Level ATC Air Traffic Control BCAR British Civil Airworthiness Requirements BUT Bauvorschriften für Ultraleichte Tragschrauber – German design specification for microlight gyroplanes CAS Calibrated AirSpeed – indicated speed corrected for installation errors ccw Counter Clock Wise CG Centre of Gravity CT Coolant Temperature CRP Carbon Reinforced Plastic CSP Constant Speed Propeller CT Coolant Temperature DA Density Altitude DOM Date of Manufacture DULV Deutscher UltraLeichtflugVerband e.V. Empty Wt Empty Weight of the gyroplane including oil, cooling liquid and unusable fuel FPS Feet Per Second ft foot G / g G-loading as a factor of gravity gal gallon Gal/hr Gallons per hour GEN Generator GPS Global Positioning System GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic HP horsepower hrs hours H/V Height-Velocity IAS Indicated AirSpeed – airspeed values in this manual refer to indicated air speed ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization In Hg (Manifold) Pressure, corresponding to inch mercury ISA International Standard Atmosphere JNP JahresNachPrüfung – Annual Inspection KIAS Knots Indicated Air Speed Kg Kilogram Km/h Kilometres per hour Kt Knot kW Kilowatt Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-8 Lbs Pounds (weight) LED Light Emitting Diode LH Left-Hand LOEP List Of Effective Pages ltr Litre Ltr/hr Litres per Hour m metres MAP Manifold Absolute Pressure max maximum MCP Maximum Continuous Power min minimum m/s Metres per second MTOM Maximum Take-Off Mass MTOW Maximum Take-Off Weight OAT Outside Air Temperature PA Pressure Altitude PFD Primary Flight Display PIO Pilot Induced Oscillation POH Pilot Operating Handbook RH Right-Hand RFM Rotorcraft Flight Manual RON Research Octane Number RPM Revolutions Per Minute Sec Second sqm Square metres TAS True AirSpeed – calibrated airspeed corrected for air density TCU Turbo Control Unit (engine) TOC Table Of Contents TOP Take-Off Power VA Design manoeuvring speed VB Design speed for maximum gust intensity VFR Visual Flight Rules VH Maximum level-flight speed at maximum continuous power VHmin Minimum level-flight speed VNE Never-Exceed Speed – maximum speed that must never be exceeded VOX Voice Operated eXchange, means: voice activation (level) VPP Variable Pitch Propeller VSI Vertical Speed Indicator VX Speed for best angle of climb VY Speed for best rate of climb and maximum endurance Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 1 GENERAL AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 1-9 W&B Weight and Balance yrs years Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-i CONTENTS 2.1 General .........................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Environmental Limitations..............................................................................2-2 2.3 Colour Code for Instrument Markings ............................................................ 2-3 2.4 Airspeed Limitations and Instrument Markings............................................... 2-4 2.5 Rotor Speed Limitations and Instrument Markings.........................................2-4 2.6 Power Plant Limitations and Instrument Markings..........................................2-5 2.7 Weight and Balance ...................................................................................... 2-8 2.7.1 Weight Limits ............................................................................................ 2-8 2.7.2 Centre of Gravity (CG) Limits.................................................................... 2-8 2.7.3 Demonstrated Structural Load Factors...................................................... 2-9 2.8 Flight Crew .................................................................................................... 2-9 2.9 Kinds of Operation.........................................................................................2-9 2.10 Fuel ............................................................................................................. 2-10 2.10.1 Approved Fuel Grades....................................................................... 2-10 2.10.2 Operation with leaded AVGAS fuels................................................... 2-11 2.10.3 Fuel Tank Capacities ......................................................................... 2-11 2.10.4 Unusable Fuel.................................................................................... 2-11 2.10.5 Fuel Level Indication .......................................................................... 2-11 2.11 Minimum Equipment.................................................................................... 2-12 2.12 Placards ...................................................................................................... 2-12 Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-ii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-1 SECTION 2 - LIMITATIONS This section contains operating limitations, instrument markings and basic placards which are required for safe operation of the gyroplane, including its engine, and standard equipment or systems. 2.1 General WARNING The operation of a gyroplane demands professional pilot instruction and dedicated training on gyroplanes. The aircraft must only be flown by a properly qualified and licensed pilot. WARNING Positive G load on the rotor must be maintained during all flight manoeuvres. Do not perform any manoeuvres resulting in the sensation of feeling light or near weightless. WARNING Smoking on board is prohibited! CAUTION This gyroplane has been designed and tested for a safe design load of 3.0g at maximum take-off weight 560kg. Note that flying at high speeds in turbulent air, especially in combination with aggressive manoeuvres or a steep turn, can easily create high loads on the aircraft. NOTE This gyroplane does not comply with the terms of the international authority for civil aviation (ICAO). Therefore, it is not permitted to operate it in international airspace unless specific intergovernmental agreements allow the flight. The reason for this is that there is no international common basis for gyroplanes type approval. Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-2 NOTE During the approval/certification process all required safe loads have been successfully demonstrated. However, the gyroplane may be exposed to unpredictable and high loads especially when operated on rough surfaces, such as an unprepared grass strip. In this case it is even more essential to perform a thorough pre-flight inspection and have components and parts replaced, where needed. NOTE The choice, selection and use of this particular aircraft for the purpose chosen is at the sole discretion and responsibility of the owner/pilot. RotorSport UK Ltd and AutoGyro GmbH take no responsibility for your decision to fly. This aircraft is operated under a Permit to Fly, or restricted Certificate of Airworthiness. This means that it is only allowed to be used for recreation, or flight training (where allowed). It also means that the aircraft has not been certified to any international standard, and that the components used in the aircraft are not necessarily certified parts. Whilst the manufacturer takes great care to ensure the parts are of appropriate quality, the level of guaranteed service is less than that with a certified aircraft, and pilot operators must consider this in their flight planning In common with other aircraft of this type the MTOsport 2017 utilises a non- certified engine. This means that there may be a higher risk of engine failure than in a certified aircraft, with the associated risks of damage or injury as the result of an unplanned landing. Therefore strict compliance with the engine manufacturer’s maintenance schedules, operational procedures and any additional instructions which may be given to you by AutoGyro GmbH, on behalf of the engine supplier, is essential. The aircraft must always be flown with the risk of engine failure in mind, and must not be flown over any areas where a forced landing cannot be safely executed. Similarly the aircraft instruments (and other equipment) are non-certified. Gauges may fail completely, or part fail such that a gauge may under or over- read, or fluctuate. Good judgement must be used in monitoring instruments, and timely action taken should a reading be in doubt. 2.2 Environmental Limitations Maximum wind speed or gust intensity .................................................... 40 Kts Maximum demonstrated crosswind component for take-off and landing .. 22 Kts Maximum tailwind component for take-off and landing............................... 5 Kts Maximum demonstrated operating altitude ...........................................12,000 ft Temperature................................................................................- 20 to + 40 °C Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-3 CAUTION Care must be used operating at high altitudes, as it is possible to overspeed the engine in level flight at max power. Take care to monitor the engine rpm gauge. Aircraft and engine performance degrades with decreasing pressure altitude and increasing temperatures. Care must be taken to maintain safe flight when nearing operational temperature extremes. WARNING Do not consider flying in the likelihood of severe weather. Thunderstorms may develop rapidly with the risk of heavy precipitation or hail, severe turbulence with strong vertical air movements, and lightning strike. If, despite proper flight planning, a thunderstorm should be encountered, consider a precautionary landing to avoid the squall line. A lightning strike may damage the main rotor bearing. Thorough inspection and maintenance after lightning strike must be performed. 2.3 Colour Code for Instrument Markings Red Operating limits. Pointer shall not enter red during normal operation Yellow Precautionary or special operating procedure range Green Normal operating range Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-4 2.4 Airspeed Limitations and Instrument Markings Air Speed Marking V NE Never Exceed Speed Red radial 195 km/h 120 mph 105 KIAS Caution Range Yellow arc 120 – 195 km/h 75 – 120 mph 65 – 105 KIAS VB (Max design speed for strong gusty conditions) Green arc >40 – 120 km/h 30– 75 mph >25 – 65 KIAS V MIN Minimum Speed Yellow arc 0 – >40 km/h 0 – >30 mph 0 – >25 KIAS WARNING The maximum speed VNE must never be exceeded! WARNING Sudden or large forward control inputs must be avoided at all times in flight. Do not exceed 75mph when flying through turbulence, high gusts or rough winds! 2.5 Rotor Speed Limitations and Instrument Markings Rotor Speed Marking Rotor speed limit Red radial 610 RPM Rotor speed caution range Yellow arc 550 – 610 RPM Normal range Green arc 200 – 550 RPM Maximum pre-rotation speed Yellow radial 320 RPM Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-5 2.6 Power Plant Limitations and Instrument Markings Engine Speed Marking Maximum engine speed Red radial 5800 RPM 5 minute take-off power regime Yellow arc 5500 – 5800 RPM Maximum continuous power Green arc 1400 – 5500 RPM Recommended pre-rotation clutch speed Green radial 2000 RPM Yellow arc 0 – 1400 RPM There is a marked point at 2,500rpm. This indicates the LANE A and LANE B check rpm. Engine Oil Temperature Marking Maximum oil temperature Red radial 130 °C Yellow arc 110 – 130 °C Normal range Green arc 90 – 110 °C Yellow arc 50 – 90 °C Minimum oil temperature Red radial 50 °C Coolant Temperature (CT) Marking Maximum engine coolant temperature Red radial 120 °C Normal range Green arc 90 – 120 °C Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-6 Coolant temp notes from Rotax OM Parameter Min Max Coolant temperature at ground idle, start procedure and warm up -20 °C (-4 °F) 90 °C (194 °F) Coolant temperature at normal operation 40 °C (104 °F) For this aircraft 50degC is taken as the manufacturers minimum. 120 °C (248 °F) Engine Oil Pressure Marking Maximum oil pressure Red radial 7 bar Yellow arc 5 – 7 bar Normal range Green arc 2 – 5 bar Yellow arc 0.8 – 2 bar Minimum oil pressure Red radial 0.8 bar Oil pressure notes from Rotax OM Parameter Min Max Oil pressure at engine speed <3500rpm 0.8 bar / 11.6 psi 5 bar / 72.5 psi (max. 7 bar allowed only for a short period at cold start) Oil pressure at engine speed >3500rpm 2.0 bar / 29 psi 5 bar / 72.5 psi (max. 7 bar allowed only for a short period at cold start) NOTE Operating the engine below (90 to 110 °C / 194 to 230 °F) may lead to formation of condensation water in the lubrication system. To evaporate possibly accumulated condensation water, the oil temp should reach 100 °C (212 °F) oil temperature on each day of operation. Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-7 Oil temperature notes from Rotax OM Parameter Min Max Oil temperature at ground idle, start procedure and warm up -20 °C (-4 °F) 100 °C (212 °F) Oil temperature at normal operation 50 °C / 120 °F 130 °C (266 °F) Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-8 2.7 Weight and Balance 2.7.1 Weight Limits Maximum take-off mass (MTOM):.......................................................... 560 kg* *see applicable country Type Approval or Type Certificate Data Sheet CAUTION The take-off weight is the total weight of the gyroplane including empty weight, optional/additional equipment, occupants, fuel, and luggage at take-off. The maximum value specified above must never be exceeded. Maximum weight in front seat: ................................................................110 kg Minimum weight in front seat: ...................................................................60 kg Maximum weight in aft seat: ...................................................................110 kg NOTE Pilots in the front seat weighing less than 60 kg must carry corresponding ballast. Storage compartment in nose section Maximum weight in storage compartment..................................................10 kg NOTE Because of the moment arm effect, any load in the nose locker storage compartment reduces the aircraft available seat loading. The moment arm ratio for the nose locker to front seat is 1:2, and for the nose locker to rear seat 1:4. Example: With the storage compartment loaded to the limit of 10 kg the maximum allowed weight in the front seat is reduced by 2 x 10Kg to 90 kg or the rear seat by 4 x 10Kg to 70Kg. This example loading can also be spread between both seats, such that the front seat load is reduced by 5Kg x 2 = 10Kg, and the rear seat load reduced by 5Kg x 4 = 20Kg. 2.7.2 Centre of Gravity (CG) Limits The centre of gravity is considered to be within limits if all weight limits above are respected. For details see SECTION 6 of this manual. Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-9 2.7.3 Demonstrated Structural Load Factors Demonstrated positive load factor (560 kg) ................................................ + 3 g Demonstrated negative load factor (560 kg) – structural limit ...................... - 1 g Important note: the indication of a demonstrated negative load factor represents a structural limit only. In flight, the limitations (see 2.9) have to be respected at all times. 2.8 Flight Crew Minimum crew is one pilot in the front seat. Harness in aft seat must be fastened and tight. CAUTION The aft control stick should be removed unless the passenger seat is occupied by a qualified flight instructor. 2.9 Kinds of Operation Day-VFR operation is approved for all MTOsport 2017 gyroplanes Day and Night VFR operation is permitted where the aircraft is fitted with the required minimum additional night equipment. Aerobatic flight is prohibited! NOTE Manoeuvres involving bank angles of more than 60° are considered to be aerobatic flight. Low-G manoeuvres are prohibited! WARNING Any maneuver resulting in a low-G (near weightless) condition can result in a catastrophic loss of lateral/roll control in conjunction with rapid main rotor RPM decrease. Always maintain adequate load on the rotor and avoid aggressive pitch forward control input performed from level flight or following a pull-up. Excessive side-slip is prohibited! Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-10 WARNING Side slip may be performed only with proper training and within safe boundaries. Use gentle pedal input for initiation and stabilization. Do not rely on airspeed indication in side slip. Never perform abrupt control stick input into the direction of motion. Be aware that excessive side slip particularly in strong/gusty conditions may result in an uncontrollable and unrecoverable attitude. Flight in icing conditions is prohibited! NOTE Icing may occur even at temperatures above freezing! 2.10 Fuel 2.10.1 Approved Fuel Grades Preferred fuel AVGAS UL91 (ASTM D7547) EN 228 Super or EN228 Super plus (min. RON 95) Alternate fuel AVGAS 100 LL (ASTM D910) NOTE If none of the mentioned fuels is available, consult the corresponding European Standard EN228 as a reference. The fuel needs to be assessed at least in the octane number and the maximum ethanol content equal or better. NOTE AVGAS 100 LL places greater stress on the valves seats due to its high lead content and forms increased deposits in the combustion chamber and lead sediments in the oil system. NOTE Pilot Operating Handbook MTOsport Model 2017 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AutoGyro_POH_MTOsport-Model2017 915 Revision 1.1 – Issue Date 14.08.2019 2-11 When refuelling, attach the earth line to the exhaust pipe to prevent static electrical discharges! NOTE AutoGyro does not recommend E10 for permanent or sustained use. Don´t let E10 remain in the fuel system for an unnecessarily long time or for long-term storage! For operational constraints and maintenance aspects when using preferred fuel and alternate fuel, refer to the engine manufacturer’s manual. 2.10.2 Operation with leaded AVGAS fuels If the engine is operated more than 30 % of engine operating time with leaded AVGAS fuels, the following maintenance operations are necessary in addition by latest after every 50 operating hours:  change of oil filter,  change of engine oil,  oil level check, etc., according to the most recent engine manufacturer´s maintenance manual NOTE When operating primarily on leaded AVGAS fuel, it is recommended to make a change of engine oil every 25 operating hours. 2.10.3 Fuel Tank Capacities Maximum tank capacity.............................................................................. 94 ltr 2.10.4 Unusable Fuel Unusable fuel quantity .............................................................................. 1.2 ltr 2.10.5 Fuel Level Indication The rear tank fuel level sight gauge, and the instrument panel fuel level gauge, read accurately when on level ground or in the air in level flight at 100 km/h / 60 mph / 55 KIAS. Increasing airspeed results in a more nose down attitude and less accurate (lower) fuel level indication. Similarly a nose up attitude will give a less accurate (higher) fuel level indication.