STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES CESSNA C 150

a. Pull selector fully out b. Propeller speed: check 100 rpm drop c. Push selector fully IN d. Propeller speed: check 1700 rpm e. Ammeter CHARGING g. Engine Instruments TEMP & PRESSURE h. Suction Gauge CHECK 9. Throttle IDLE 10 Throttle Friction Lock ADJUST 11. Radios/Avionics SET 12. Mixture RICH Standard call out >TAKE-OFF BRIEFING< 2.7 LINE-UP Standard call out >APPROACH SECTOR FREE< 1 Parking Brake RELEASE, check full in 2 Fuel Shutoff Valve ON 3 Pitot heat as required 4 Transponder set ALT 5 Strobe ON 2.8 TAKEOFF On uncontrolled fields, before line up, check runway wind direction and speed and check for traffic on final NORMAL TAKEOFF 1 Wing Flaps 0 2 Parking brake: OFF 3 Carburetor Heat OFF 4 Check magnetic compass and gyro direction indicator alignment Standard call out >RUNWAY IDENTIFIED< 5 Throttle FULL OPEN. Standard call out >T/O POWER SET> STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 8 6 Engine instruments: CHECK Standard call out > CHECKED< >BRAKES RELEASED< >SPEED RISING< 7 Elevator Control LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 55 KIAS. Standard call out >ROTATION< >POSITIVE CLIMB< >SAFE ALTITUDE< 8 Climb Speed 75 KIAS 9 Flaps: UP at safe altitude retract 10 Landing Light: OFF 11 Propeller speed: reduce Standard call out >AFTER T/O CHECKLIST COMPLITED< SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF 1. Wing Flaps 10 2. Parking brake: OFF 3. Carburetor Heat OFF 4. Check magnetic compass and gyro direction indicator alignment Standard call out >RUNWAY IDENTIFIED< 5. Brakes SET pedal press 6. Throttle FULL OPEN. Standard call out >T/O POWER SET> 7. Engine instruments: CHECK 8. Brakes RELEASE. Standard call out > CHECKED< >BRAKES RELEASED< >SPEED RISING< 9. Elevator Control SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW Standard call out >ROTATION< >POSITIVE CLIMB< >SAFE ALTITUDE< 10 Climb Speed 68 KIAS (until all obstacles are cleared). 11 Flaps: UP at safe altitude retract 12 Lnding Light: OFF 13. Propeller speed: reduce Standard call out >AFTER T/O CHECKLIST COMPLITED< 2.9 CLIMB 1. Set power at or below maximum continuous 2. Check engine instruments within limits 3. Carburetor heat as needed, Monitor and manually compensate asymmetrical fuel consumption by switching fuel selector valve. Switch on the electric fuel pump prior to swap the fuel feeding from one tank to another. 2.10 BEFORE LANDING Standard call out >APPROACH BRIEFING< 1. Fuel valve: select the fullest tank 2. Landing Light: ON STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 9 3. On base leg Flaps: set T/O 75 On final leg: Flaps: set Land 65 4. Carburetor heat: as needed, Standard call out >BEFORE LANDING CHECKLIST COMPLETED< 2.11 FINAL 1. Flaps check 0/TO/FULL 2. Landing Light: check ON 3 Carburetor heat: as needed Standard call out >FINAL CHECK< 2.12 BALKED LANDING/MISSED APPROACH Standard call out >GO-AROUND< 1. Throttle: Full 2. Carburetor heat: OFF 3. Speed: keep over 65, climb to VY or VX as applicable 4. Flaps position: TO 5. Flaps: UP at safe altitude retract 2.13 AFTER LANDING 1. Flaps: UP 2. Landing light: OFF 3 Taxi light: ON Standard call out >RUNWAY VACATED< 5 Transponder Stand by 6 Strobe OFF 2.14 PARKING/SHUT DOWN 1. Parking brake: ENGAGE 2. Keep engine running at 1000 rpm for about one minute in order to reduce latent heat. 3. Avionic equipment: OFF 4 Mixture IDLE/CUT-OFF 5. Magnetos: OFF, keys extracted 6. Strobe light: OFF 7. Master & Generator switches: OFF 8. Fuel selector valve: OFF 2.15 POSTFLIGHT CHECKS CABIN 1. Ignition Switch OFF 2. Avionics Master Switch OFF 3. Master Switch OFF 4. External and Interior lights OFF 5. Pitot Heat OFF 6. Lights and pitot heat OFF STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 10 7. Fuel valve OFF EMPANNAGE 1. Rudder Gust Lock ON 2. Tail Tie –down CONNECT 3. Control Surfaces CHECK for freedom of movement and security RIGHT WING - TRAILING EDGE 1. Aileron CHECK freedom of movement and security 2. Flap UP RIGHT WING 1. Wing tie down CONNECT 2. Main Wheel Tire CHECK for proper inflation, cuts, wear 3. Brake lines CHECK for leaks 4. Fuel Filler Cap SECURE NOSE 1. Propeller and spinner CHECK for nicks and cracks 2. Air intake CHECK for obstructions 3. Nose wheel strut CHECK for inflation, 4. Nose wheel tire CHECK for inflation, cuts, wear 5. Nose tie down ON LEFT WING 1. Wing tie down CONNECT 2. Pitot tube COVER – CHECK for obstruction, damage 3. Main Wheel Tire CHECK for proper inflation, cuts, wear 4. Brake lines CHECK for leaks 5. Stall warning vane CHECK LEFT WING - TRAILING EDGE 1. Aileron CHECK 2. Flap UP STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 11 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Section includes checklists and detailed procedures to be used in the event of emergencies. Emergencies caused by a malfunction of the aircraft or engine are extremely rare if appropriate maintenance and pre-flight inspections are carried out. Before operating the aircraft, the pilot should become thoroughly familiar with the present manual and, in particular, with the present section. Further, a continued and appropriate training should and self study should be done. In case of emergency the pilot should acts as follows: 1. Keep control of the aeroplane. 2. Analyse the situation 3. Apply the pertinent procedure 4. Inform the Air Traffic Control if time and conditions allow. Following definitions apply: Land as soon as possible: land without delay at the nearest suitable area at which a safe approach and landing is assured. Land as soon as practical: land at the nearest approved landing area where suitable repairs can be made. 3.1 ENGINE FAILURES 3.1.1 ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF RUN. 1. Throttle IDLE 2. Brakes APPLY 3. Wing Flaps RETRACT 4. Mixture IDLE CUT-OFF 5. Ignition Switch OFF. 6. Master Switch OFF. 3.1.2 ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF. 1. Airspeed 70 2. Mixture IDLE CUT-OFF. 3. Fuel Shutoff Valve OFF 4. Ignition Switch OFF. 5. Wing Flaps AS REQUIRED. 6. Master Switch OFF 3.1.3 ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT 1. Airspeed 70. 2. Carburetor Heat ON. 3. Best Field SELECTED 4 Primer IN and LOCKED. 5. Fuel Shutoff Valve ON. 6. Mixture RICH. 7. Ignition Switch BOTH (or START if propeller is stopped). 3.2 FORCED LANDINGS 3.2.1 EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 12 1. Airspeed 70 flaps up 2. Mixture IDLE CUT-OFF. 3. Fuel Shutoff Valve OFF. 4. Ignition Switch OFF. 5. Wing Flaps AS REQUIRED 6. Master Switch OFF. 7. Doors UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN. 8. Touchdown SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW. 9. Brakes APPLY 3.2.2 PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER 1. Airspeed 70 2. Wing Flaps 20°. 3. Selected Field FLY OVER, noting terrain and obstructions, then retract flaps upon reaching a safe altitude and airspeed. 4. Radio and Electrical Switches OFF. 5. Wing Flaps FULL (on final approach). 6. Airspeed 65 KIAS. 7. Master Switch OFF. 8. Doors UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN. 9. Touchdown SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW. 10. Ignition Switch OFF. 11. Brakes APPLY 3.3 FIRES 3.3.1 FIRES DURING START ON GROUND 1. Cranking CONTINUE, to get a start which would suck the flames and accumulated fuel through the carburetor and into the engine. If engine starts: 2. Power 1700 RPM for a few minutes. 3. Engine SHUTDOWN and inspect for damage. If engine fails to start: 4. Cranking CONTINUE in an effort to obtain a start. 5. Fire Extinguisher OBTAIN (have ground attendants obtain if not installed). 6. Engine SECURE. a. Master Switch OFF. b. Ignition Switch OFF. c. Fuel Shutoff Valve OFF. 7. Fire EXTINGUISH 8. Fire Damage INSPECT, STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 13 3.3.2 ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Mixture IDLE CUT-OFF 2. Fuel shutoff valve OFF 3. Master switch OFF 4. Cabin heat and air OFF (except wing root vents) 5. Airspeed 85 KIAS (if fire is not extinguished, increase glide speed to find an airspeed which will provide an in combustible mixture) 6. Forced landing EXECUTE (as described in Emergency Landing Without Engine Power) 3.3.3 ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Master Switch OFF 2. All other switches OFF (except ignition switch) 3. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat CLOSED 4. Fire Extinguisher ACTIVATE (if available) 5. Aircraft Cabin VENTILATE If fire appears out and electrical power is necessary for continuance of flight: 6. Master Switch ON 7. Circuit Breakers CHECK for faulty circuit, do not reset. 8. Radio/Electrical Switches ON one at a time, with delay after each until short circuit is localized. 9. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat OPEN when it is ascertained that fire is completely extinguished. 3.3.4 CABIN FIRE 1. Master Switch OFF 2. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat CLOSED (to avoid drafts). 3. Fire Extinguisher ACTIVATE (if available). 4. Aircraft Cabin VENTILATE 5. Land the airplane as soon as possible. 3.3.5 WING FIRE 1. Navigation Light Switch OFF 2. Strobe Light Switch OFF (if installed) 3. Pitot Heat Switch OFF (if installed) Perform a side slip to keep the flames away from the fuel tank and cabin, and land as soon as possible, with flaps retracted. 3.4 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS 3.4.1 AMMETER SHOWS EXCESSIVE RATE OF CHARGE (full scale deflection) 1. Alternator OFF 2. Alternator Circuit Breaker PULL 3. Nonessential Electrical Equipment OFF 4. Flight TERMINATE as soon as practical STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 14 3.4.2 LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHT ILLUMINATES DURING FLIGHT Ammeter Indicates Discharge Illumination of the low-voltage light may occur during low RPM conditions with an electrical load on the system such as during a low RPM taxi. Under these conditions, the light will go out at higher RPM. The master switch need not be recycled since an over-voltage condition has not occurred to de-activate the alternator system. 1. Radios OFF 2. Alternator Circuit Breaker CHECK IN 3. Master Switch OFF (both sides) 4. Master Switch ON 5. Low-Voltage Light CHECK OFF 6. Radios ON If low-voltage light illuminates again: 7. Alternator OFF 8. Nonessential Radio and Electrical Equipment OFF 9. Flight TERMINATE as soon as practical. 3.5 LANDING EMERGENCY 3.5.1 DITCHING 1. Radio TRANSMIT MAYDAY on 121.5 MHz, giving location and intentions and SQUAWK 7700 if transponder is installed. 2. Heavy Objects (in baggage area) SECURE OR JETTISON. 3. Approach -- High Winds, Heavy Seas INTO THE WIND Light Winds, Heavy Swells PARALLEL TO SWELLS. 4. Wing Flaps Full 5. Power ESTABLISH 300 FT/MIN DESCENT AT 55 KIAS. 6. Cabin Doors UNLATCH. 7. Touchdown LEVEL ATTITUDE AT 300 FT/MIN DESCENT 8. Face CUSHION at touchdown with folded coat. 9. Airplane EVACUATE through cabin doors. If necessary, open windows and flood cabin to equalize pressure so doors can be opened. 10. Life Vests and Raft INFLATE. 3.5.2 LANDING WITH A FLAT NOSE TIRE 1. Pre-landing checklist: Complete 2. Flaps: Land 3. Land and maintain aircraft NOSE HIGH attitude as long as possible. As aircraft stops 4. Engine securing: Perform 5. Airplane evacuation: Perform 3.5.3 LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE If it’s suspected a main tire defect or it’s reported to be defective: 1. Pre-landing checklist: Complete STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 15 2. Flaps: Land 3. Land the aeroplane on the side of runway opposite to the defective tire to compensate the change in direction which is to be expected during final rolling 4. Touchdown with the GOOD TIRE FIRST and hold aircraft with the flat tire off the ground as long as possible by mean of aileron and rudder control. As aircraft stops 5. Engine securing: Perform 6. Airplane evacuation: Perform 3.6 AIRPLANE EVACUATION With the engine secured and propeller stopped (if practical): 1. Parking brake: ON 2. Seat belts: unstrap completely 3. Headphones: REMOVE 4. Door: OPEN 5. Escape away from flames/ hot engine compartment/ spilling fuel tanks. 3.7 RECOVERY FROM UNINTENTIONAL SPIN If unintentional spin occurs, the following recovery procedure should be used: 1. Throttle: IDLE (full out position) 2. Rudder: full, in the opposite direction of the spin 3. Stick: centralize and hold neutral As the spin stops: 4. Rudder: SET NEUTRAL 5. Aeroplane attitude: smoothly recover averting speeds in excess of VNE and maximum load factor 6. Throttle: Readjust to restore engine power. Keep full rudder against rotation until spin has stopped. One complete turn and recovery takes around 500 feet. 3.8 RECOVERY FROM A SPIRAL DIVE If a spiral is encountered, proceed as follows: 1. Close the throttle. 2. Stop the turn by using coordinated aileron and rudder control to align the symbolic airplane in the turn coordinator with the horizon reference line. 3. Cautiously apply elevator backpressure to slowly reduce the airspeed to 70 KIAS. 4. Adjust the elevator trim control to maintain a 70 KIAS glide. 5. Keep hands off the control wheel, using rudder control to hold a straight heading. 6. Apply carburetor heat. 7. Clear engine occasionally, but avoid using enough power to disturb the trimmed glide. 8. Upon breaking out of clouds, resume normal cruising flight. STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 16 3.9 ICING INADVERTENT ICING ENCOUNTER 1. Turn pitot heat switch ON. 2. Turn back or change altitude to obtain an outside air temperature that is less conducive to icing. 3. Pull cabin heat control full out to obtain maximum defroster air temperature. For greater air flow at reduced temperatures, adjust the cabin air control as required. 4. Open the throttle to increase engine speed and minimize ice buildup on propeller blades. 5. Watch for signs of carburetor air filter ice and apply carburetor heat as required. An unexpected loss in engine speed could be caused by carburetor ice or air intake filter ice. 6. Lean the mixture for maximum RPM, if carburetor heat is used continuously. 7. Plan a landing at the nearest airport. With an extremely rapid ice build-up, select a suitable "off airport" landing site. 8. With an ice accumulation of 1/ 4 inch or more on the wing leading edges, be prepared for significantly higher stall speed. 9. Leave wing flaps retracted. With a severe ice build-up on the horizontal tail, the change in wing wake airflow direction caused by wing flap extension could result in a loss of elevator effectiveness. 10. Open left window and, if practical, scrape ice from a portion of the windshield for visibility in the landing approach. 11. Perform a landing approach using a forward slip, if necessary, for improved visibility. 12. Approach at 65 to 75 KIAS depending upon the amount of ice accumulation. 13. Perform a landing in level attitude. STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 17 4 TRAFFIC PATTERN PROCEDURES 4.1 DEPARTURE SPEED RISING TAKE OFF CHECKLIST RUNWAY IDENTIFIED T/O POWER SET > ROTATION POSITIVE CLIMB CLIMB CHECK LIST SAFE ALTITUDE AFTER T/O CHECKLIST COMPLITED Vr-55 H >200 V>75 Flaps 0° Trim UP Lights OFF RPM < max V > 75 H > 500 Vy >>66 Pitch 8° RoC > 500 > AND CHECKED BRAKES RELEASED Check: RPM max Engine instruments STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 18 4.1.1 TAKE-OFF BRIEFING: I’m the pilot flying, you are the pilot in command. Runway in use ….. concrete/grass… dry/wet. Wind …. from …. Flaps TO –V….. climb speed V…. After departure …. left hand pattern climb ….. Emergency briefing Any failure before Vr…abort take-off, breaks apply, vacate runway notify ATC. Any failure after Vr .. and sufficient runway ahead land vacate runway notify ATC. Any failure to 500 feets land ahead notify ATC Any failure over 500 feets turning to runway notify ATC In case of engine fire apply emergency checklist and land asap Briefing completed any questions? 4.2 LANDING 4.2.1 APPROACH BRIEFING Runway in use XX concrete/grass… dry/wet. Wind …. from …. Altimeter set and checked Flaps on final 0-TO-Full .approach speed 75-70-65 Landings lights ON Landing briefing completed.. any questions? STANDARD OPERATINGT PROCEDURES CESSNA C150 01 08 2022 rev 1 19 4.3 GO AROUND BEFORE LANDING CHECKLIST BEFORE LANDING CHECKLIST COMPLETED V 80 H 1000 RPM 2100 FINAL CHECK H > 500 V 0 75 TO 70 Full 65 Trim V 80 H 1000 ß 30° 45° to RWY Flaps TO Trim CarbHeat ON V 70 H 1000 >> >> 500 Check: Flaps 0 / TO / FULL Lights ON V 70 H >500 ß 20° APPROACH BRIEFING Runway in use XX concrete/grass… dry/wet. Wind …. from …. Altimeter set and checked Flaps on final 0-TO-Full .approach speed 75-70-65 Landings lights ON Landing briefing completed.. any questions? Landings lights ON RPM MAX Pitch 5° V > 65 CarbHeat OFF Flaps TO Pitch 5° Trim UP V >> 65 H >200 V > 75 Flaps 0 RPM MAX Pitch 5° V > 65 CarbHeat OFF Pitch 5° Trim UP V >> 65 Trim UP V >> 65 H >200 V > 75 Flaps 0 Trim UP V >> 65 GO AROUND FLAPS FULL GO AROUND FLAPS TAKE OFF TRAFFIC CIRCUIT STANDARD CALL OUT ENGINE STARTING 1 PROP CLEAR TAXIING 2 LEFT FREE, RIGHT FREE 3 CHECK BRAKES LINE-UP 5 APPROACH SECTOR FREE 6 RUNWAY IDENTIFIED PRIOR TO TAKEOFF 4 TAKE-OFF BRIEFING TAKEOFF 7 T/O POWER SET CHECKED BRAKES RELEASED 8 SPEED RISING 9 ROTATION 10 POSITIVE CLIMB CLIMB 11 SAFE ALTITUDE 12 AFTER T/O CHECKLIST COMPLITED AFTER LANDING 16 RUNWAY VACATED BEFORE LANDING 13 APPROACH BRIEFING 14 BEFORE LANDING CHECKLIST COMPLETED WT Radio SP-ABC Start up engine WT Radio SP-ABC Taxi from hangar to holding point RW XX WT Radio SP-ABC Line up RW XX WT Radio SP-ABC Ready for departure RW XX WT Radio SP-ABC Downwind RW XX WT Radio SP-ABC Final RW XX 1 1 1 1 1 1 FINAL 15 FINAL CHECK 9 8 7 6 5 4 1,2 3