Cessna

a. Remove pitot tube cover, if installed, and check pitot tube opening for stoppage. b. Check fuel tank vent opening for stoppage. Same as 3 iv Figure 1-1. Section I OPERATING CHECK LIST One of the first steps in obtaining the utmost performance, service, and flying enjoyment from your Cessna is to familiarize yourself with your airplane's equipment, systems, and controls. This can best be done by reviewing this equipment while sitting in the airplane. Those items whose function and operation are not obvious are covered in Section II. Section I lists, in Pilot's Check List form, the steps necessary to operate your airplane efficiently and safely. It is not a check list in its true form as it is considerably longer, but it does cover briefly all of the points that you should know for a typical flight. The flight and operational characteristics of your airplane are normal in all respects. There are no "unconventional" characteristics or oper- ations that need to be mastered. All controls respond in the normal way within the entire range of operation. All airspeeds mentioned in Sections I and II are indicated airspeeds. Corresponding calibrated airspeeds may be obtained from the Airspeed Correction Table in Section V. BEFORE ENTERING THE AIRPLANE. (1) Make an exterior inspection in accordance with figure 1-1. BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE. — — Adjust and lock. (1) Seats and Seat Belts (2) Flight Controls Check. (3) Brakes Test and set. (4) Master Switch -- "ON. " (5) Cowl Flaps -- "OPEN." (Move lever out of locking hole to reposition.) (6) Elevator and Rudder Trim "TAKE-OFF" setting. (7) Fuel Selector Valve -- "BOTH." (8) Turn all radio switches "OFF." 1-1 STARTING ENGINE. (1) Carburetor Heat -- Cold. (2) Mixture -- Rich. (3) Propeller -- High RPM. (4) Throttle -- Cracked (one-half inch). (5) Primer - As required. (6) Ignition Switch -- "START." Hold until engine fires, but not longer than 30 seconds. (7) Ignition Switch -- Release to "BOTH" (immediately after engine fires). NOTE If engine has been overprimed, start with throttle open 1/4 to 1/2 full open. Reduce throttle to idle when en- gine fires. NOTE After starting, check for oil pressure indication within 30 seconds in normal temperatures and 60 seconds in cold temperatures. If no indication appears, shut off engine and investigate. BEFORE TAKE-OFF. 1-2 (1) Fuel Selector Valve - "BOTH. (2) Throttle Setting - 1700 RPM. (3) Engine Instruments -- Check. TH (4) Carburetor Heat -- Check operation, then set to cold unless icing conditions prevail. (5) Ammeter -- Check. (6) Suction Gage -- Check (4.6 to 5. 4 inches of mercury). (7) Magnetos - Check (50 RPM maximum differential between magnetos). (8) Propeller -- Cycle from high to low RPM; return to high RPM (full in). (9) Flight Controls -- Recheck. (10) Wing Flaps -- Check operation and set 0° to 20°. -- Recheck "TAKE-OFF" setting. (11) Cowl Flaps -- Full "OPEN." (12) Elevator and Rudder Trim (13) Cabin Doors - Closed and locked. (14) Flight Instruments and Radios -- Set. (15) Optional Autopilot or Wing Leveler -- "OFF." TAKE-OFF. NORMAL TAKE-OFF. (1) Wing Flaps -- Up. (2) Carburetor Heat Cold. (3) Power Full throttle and 2600 RPM. — (4) Elevator Control -- Raise nosewheel at 60 MPH. (5) Climb Speed -- 90 MPH until all obstacles are cleared, then set up climb speed as shown in "NORMAL CLIMB" paragraph. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKE-OFF. (1) Wing Flaps -- 20°. (2) Carburetor Heat (3) Brakes -- Apply. —— Cold. (4) Power Full throttle and 2600 RPM. (5) Brakes -- Release. (6) Elevator Control (7) Climb Speed Maintain slightly tail-low attitude. 61 MPH until all obstacles are cleared, then set. up climb speed as shown in "MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB.** (8) Wing Flaps Up after obstacles are cleared. CLIMB. NORMAL CLIMB. (1) Air Speed 100 to 120 MPH. Power 23 inches and 2450 RPM. (2) (3) Fuel Selector Valve -- "BOTH. " (4) Mixture - Full rich (unless engine is rough due to excessively rich mixture). (5) Cowl Flaps - Open as required. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB. (1) Air Speed -- 88 MPH (sea level) to 84 MPH (10,000 feet). (2) Power Full throttle and 2600 RPM. (3) Fuel Selector Valve "BOTH." (4) Mixture - Full rich (unless engine is rough). " (5) Cowl Flaps - Full "OPEN." -- 1-3 CRUISING. (1) Engine Power 2450 RPM. 15 to 23 inches of manifold pressure and 2200 - Adjust. (2) Cowl Flaps -- Open as required. (3) Elevator and Rudder Trim (4) Mixture -- Lean. LET-DOWN. (1) Mixture -- Rich. (2) Power As desired. (3) Carburetor Heat -- Apply (if icing conditions exist). BEFORE LANDING. (1) Fuel Selector Valve (2) Mixture Rich. (3) Propeller -- High RPM. "BOTH." (4) Cowl Flaps - "CLOSED." (5) Carburetor Heat -- Apply before closing throttle. (6) Airspeed - 80 to 90 MPH (flaps retracted). - (7) Wing Flaps - 0° to 40° (below 110 MPH). (8) Airspeed -- 70 to 80 MPH (flaps extended). (9) Elevator and Rudder Trim -- Adjust. NORMAL LANDING. (1) Landing Technique -- Conventional for all flap settings. AFTER LANDING. -- (1) Cowl Flaps "OPEN." (2) Wing Flaps -- Retract. (3) Carburetor Heat Cold. —— 1-4 SECURE AIRCRAFT. led fall out). (1) Mixture - Idle cut-off (pulled full out). NOTE Do not open throttle as engine stops since this actuates the accelerator pump. (2) All Switches (3) Brakes Set. (4) Control Lock off. Installed. 1-5 1-6 INSTRUMENT PANEL 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 27 20 26 21 25 22 24 23 1. Marker Beacon Indicator Lights and Switches (Opt) 2. Flight Instrument Group 3. Radio Selector Switches (Opt) 4. Rear View Mirror (Opt) 5. Radios (Opt) 6. Tachometer 7. Fuel Quantity Indicators and Ammeter 8. Cylinder Head Temperature Gage, Oil Temperature Gage, and Oil Pressure Gage 9. Manifold Pressure Gage 10. Exhaust Gas Temperature Gage (Opt) 11. Carburetor Air Temperature 24, Microphone Gage (Opt) 12. Flight Hour Recorder (Opt) 13. Optional Radio Space 14. Map Compartment 15. Defroster Control Knob 16. Cabin Heat and Cabin Air Control Knobs 17. Cigar Lighter 18. Wing Flap Switch 19. Mixture Control Knob 20. Propeller Control Knob 21. Rudder Trim Control Wheel 22. Cowl Flap Control Handle 23. Fuel Selector Valve Handle 25. Elevator Trim Control Wheel 26. Throttle 27. Carburetor Air Heat Knob 28. Circuit Breakers 29. Electrical Switches 30. Parking Brake Handle 31. Radio Dial Lights Rheostat 32. Instrument Lights Rheostat 33. Ignition Switch 34. Primer 35. Master Switch Figure 2-1. Section II DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING DETAILS The following paragraphs describe the systems and equipment whose function and operation is not obvious when sitting in the airplane. This section also covers in somewhat greater detail some of the items listed in Check List form in Section I that require further explanation. FUEL SYSTEM. Fuel is supplied to the engine from two tanks, one in each wing. With the fuel selector valve on "BOTH," the total usable fuel for all flight con- ditions is 60 gallons for the standard tanks and 79 gallons for optional long range tanks. a Fuel from each wing tank flows by gravity to a selector valve. De- pending upon the setting of the selector valve, fuel from the left, right, or both tanks flows through a fuel strainer and carburetor to the engine induction system. IMPORTANT The fuel selector valve should be in the "BOTH" position for take-off, climb, landing, and maneuvers that involve prolonged slips or skids. Operation from either "LEFT" or "RIGHT" tank is reserved for cruising flight. NOTE When the fuel selector valve handle is in the "BOTH"" position in cruising flight, unequal fuel flow from each tank may occur if the wings are not maintained exactly level. Resulting wing heaviness can be alleviated gradually by turning the selector valve handle to the tank in the "heavy" wing. 2-1 VENT 2-2 LEFT FUEL TANK FUEL TAM FUEL SELECTOR VALVE FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC THROTTLE #00 RIGHT FUEL TANK TO ENGINE FUEL STRAINER ENGINE PRIMER CARBURETOR MIXTURE CONTROL KNOB TO ENGINE Figure 2-2. CODE FUEL SUPPLY VENT MECHANICAL LINKAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. Electrical energy is supplied by a 14-volt, direct-current system powered by an engine-driven alternator (see figure 2-3). The 12-volt battery is located aft of the rear baggage compartment wall. Power is supplied to all electrical circuits through a split bus bar, one side con- taining electronic system circuits and the other side having general elec- trical system circuits. Both sides of the bus are on at all times except when either an external power source is connected or the starter switch is turned on; then a power contactor is automatically activated to open the circuit to the electronics bus. Isolating the electronic circuits in this manner prevents harmful transient voltages from damaging the semi- conductors in the electronics equipment. AMMETER. The ammeter indicates the flow of current, in amperes, from the alternator to the battery or from the battery to the aircraft electrical system. When the engine is operating and the master switch is "ON, " the ammeter indicates the charging rate applied to the battery. In the event the alternator is not functioning or the electrical load exceeds the output of the alternator, the ammeter indicates the discharge rate of the battery. CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND FUSES. Most of the electrical circuits in the airplane are protected by "push- to-reset" circuit breakers mounted on the instrument panel. Exceptions to this are the battery contactor closing (external power) circuit, and the optional clock and flight hour recorder circuits which have fuses mounted near the battery. Also, the cigar lighter is protected by a manually- reset type circuit breaker mounted directly on the back of the lighter be- hind the instrument panel. Two automatically resetting circuit breakers mounted behind the instrument panel protect the stall warning transmitter and horn circuit, the alternator field and wiring, and the optional turn coordinator or turn-and-bank indicator circuit. FLASHING BEACON (OPT). The flashing beacon should not be used when flying through clouds or overcast; the flashing light reflected from water droplets or particles in 2-3