United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS)
CESSNA 185 · Pilot's Operating Handbook
Overview
This document outlines the United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS), which is essential for the design and evaluation of instrument flight procedures (IFPs). It serves as a guideline for personnel involved in the preparation, approval, and dissemination of IFPs, ensuring that they adhere to standardized methods. The document is intended for aviation professionals, including pilots and air traffic controllers, who require a comprehensive understanding of IFPs and their implementation in normal aircraft operations. It includes detailed criteria for various types of procedures, eligibility requirements, and the responsibilities of involved parties. The effective date of this order is February 16, 2018, and it is critical for maintaining safety and efficiency in U.S. airspace operations.
- Standardized methods for designing and evaluating IFPs are crucial for safety.
- Eligibility for IFPs includes specific criteria that must be met by applicants.
- Minimum altitudes and visibility requirements are essential for safe takeoff and landing operations.
- Procedures must ensure required obstacle clearance to maintain safety during approaches.
- Coordination among various aviation authorities is necessary for effective IFP publication.
Document
Source
Originally published by www.faa.gov. Sprinkle hosts a reference copy with an added summary, specifications and searchable full text.
Document details
- Type
- Pilot's Operating Handbook
- Year
- 2018
- Pages
- 509
- File size
- 29 MB
- Publisher
- www.faa.gov
Common. Rarer than 1% of the aircraft models we track.
Most owners only have the POH. Here's the essential set for the CESSNA 185.
- Pilot's Operating Handbook / AFM
- Checklist
- Maintenance Manual
- Parts Catalog (IPC)
- Systems & Wiring
- Service Bulletins
- Type Certificate (TCDS)
CESSNA 185 for sale now
Free — save the 185 to your watchlist and track it in one place.
More CESSNA 185manuals & documents
See all 40 →- Service Bulletin No. SB24-01 | Aircraft SpruceService Bulletins
- Cessna 185 Training ManualTraining Manual
- Ethernet Media Specifications Technical DataSpecifications
- Weight & Balance - ForeFlightWeight And Balance
- SUPERVISORY HANDBOOK ON THE VALIDATION OF IRB RATING SYSTEMSOther Documents
- PARTS MANUAL 4000 FLOATS ON CESSNA 185 & 206 SERIESAvionics Manual
- MICRO SWITCH V15 Series Basic Switch DatasheetSpecifications
- Airworthiness Approval of Synthetic Vision SystemsAdvisory Circular
- SERVICE MANUAL FOR THE WIPLINE MODEL 4000 AMPHIBIOUS ...Maintenance Manual
- Airplane Flight Manual Supplement Revision ListFlight Manual
- INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATE SA04491CHFlight Manual
- COST-EFFECTIVE RADIO COMMUNICATIONSpecifications
If you fly the CESSNA 185, you may also be researching these.
In this document
Chapter 1. Administrative
This chapter provides an overview of the order's purpose, audience, and the types of procedures covered. It outlines the eligibility criteria for IFPs and the responsibilities of those involved in their approval and publication.
Chapter 2. General Criteria
This chapter details the general criteria for establishing IFPs, including required obstacle clearance, procedure construction, and aircraft speed considerations. It emphasizes the importance of safety and efficiency in designing flight procedures.
Chapter 3. Takeoff and Landing Minimums
This chapter discusses the establishment of minimum altitudes and visibility requirements for takeoff and landing, ensuring that pilots have the necessary information to operate safely under various conditions.
Chapter 4. On-Airport VOR (No PFAF)
This chapter covers procedures for using VOR navigation aids on airports without a Precision Final Approach Fix (PFAF), detailing the segments of approach and missed approach procedures.
Chapter 5. TACAN, VOR/DME, and VOR with PFAF
This chapter provides guidelines for using TACAN and VOR/DME systems in conjunction with PFAF, including the necessary segments for approach and missed approach.
Safety notes
- All personnel involved in IFP preparation must adhere to the established standards to ensure safety.
- Failure to comply with minimum visibility and altitude requirements can lead to hazardous situations.
Full document text
Distribution: Electronic Distribution Initiated By: AFS-400 This order prescribes standardized methods for designing and evaluating instrument flight procedures (IFPs) in the United States and its territories. It is to be used by all personnel responsible for the preparation, approval, and promulgation of IFPs. These criteria are predicated on normal aircraft operations and performance. Effective Date: 02/16/2018 National Policy SUBJ: United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) ORDER 8260.3D John S. Duncan Executive Director, Flight Standards Service THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents i Chapter 1. Administrative ................................................................................................... 1-1 Section 1-1. Scope ................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1-1-1. Purpose of This Order ........................................................................................................ 1-1 1-1-2. Audience ............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1-1-3. Where To Find This Order ................................................................................................ 1-1 1-1-4. What This Order Cancels .................................................................................................. 1-1 1-1-5. Types of Procedures........................................................................................................... 1-1 1-1-6. Word Meanings .................................................................................................................. 1-2 1-1-7. Formulas ............................................................................................................................. 1-2 Section 1-2. Eligibility, Approval, and Retention ............................................................................... 1-3 1-2-1. Eligibility ............................................................................................................................ 1-3 1-2-2. Requests For Procedures.................................................................................................... 1-3 1-2-3. Approval ............................................................................................................................. 1-3 1-2-4. Cancellation of Procedures ................................................................................................ 1-4 Section 1-3. Responsibility and Jurisdiction ....................................................................................... 1-5 1-3-1. Responsibility..................................................................................................................... 1-5 1-3-2. Jurisdiction ......................................................................................................................... 1-5 Section 1-4. IFP Establishment ........................................................................................................... 1-6 1-4-1. Formulation ........................................................................................................................ 1-6 1-4-2. Nonstandard IFPs ............................................................................................................... 1-6 1-4-3. Amendments ...................................................................................................................... 1-6 Section 1-5. Coordination.................................................................................................................... 1-7 1-5-1. Coordination ....................................................................................................................... 1-7 1-5-2. Coordination Conflicts....................................................................................................... 1-7 Section 1-6. Identification of IFPs....................................................................................................... 1-8 1-6-1. General................................................................................................................................ 1-8 1-6-2. Straight-in Approach Procedures ...................................................................................... 1-8 1-6-3. Circling Approach Procedures ........................................................................................ 1-10 1-6-4. Combined Charting of Approach Procedures................................................................. 1-10 1-6-5. Departure Procedure Identification ................................................................................. 1-10 1-6-6. En Route Procedure Identification .................................................................................. 1-10 1-6-7. Standard Terminal Arrival Identification........................................................................ 1-10 Section 1-7. IFP Publication ............................................................................................................. 1-11 1-7-1. Submission ....................................................................................................................... 1-11 1-7-2. Issuance ............................................................................................................................ 1-11 1-7-3. Effective Date ................................................................................................................... 1-11 Chapter 2. General Criteria ................................................................................................. 2-1 Section 2-1. Common Information ...................................................................................................... 2-1
Show full textShow less
2-1-1. Scope................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2-1-2. Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) ................................................................................ 2-1 2-1-3. Level OCS .......................................................................................................................... 2-1 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents ii 2-1-4. Sloping OCS....................................................................................................................... 2-2 2-1-5. Units of Measurement........................................................................................................ 2-5 2-1-6. Positive Course Guidance (PCG) ...................................................................................... 2-5 2-1-7. Approach Categories (CAT) ............................................................................................. 2-5 2-1-8. Procedure Construction...................................................................................................... 2-5 2-1-9. Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) ............................................................................. 2-6 2-1-10. Aircraft Speed ................................................................................................................... 2-6 Section 2-2. Standard Terminal Arrival Procedures.......................................................................... 2-7 2-2-1. Standard Terminal Arrival ................................................................................................. 2-7 2-2-2. Origination and Termination ............................................................................................. 2-7 2-2-3. Routes and Transitions....................................................................................................... 2-8 2-2-4. Alignment. .......................................................................................................................... 2-8 2-2-5. Area..................................................................................................................................... 2-8 2-2-6. Obstacle Clearance............................................................................................................. 2-8 2-2-7. Altitudes.............................................................................................................................. 2-8 2-2-8. Descent Gradient (DG) .................................................................................................... 2-10 2-2-9. Speed Restrictions ............................................................................................................ 2-12 2-2-10. Deceleration...................................................................................................................... 2-13 Section 2-3. Feeder Routes/Emergency Areas.................................................................................. 2-15 2-3-1. Feeder Routes ................................................................................................................... 2-15 2-3-2. Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) ...................................................................................... 2-15 2-3-3. Emergency Safe Altitude (ESA) ..................................................................................... 2-16 Section 2-4. Initial Approach ............................................................................................................. 2-17 2-4-1. Initial Approach Segment ................................................................................................ 2-17 2-4-2. Altitude Selection ............................................................................................................. 2-17 2-4-3. Initial Approach Segments Based on Straight Courses and Arcs with PCG ................ 2-17 2-4-4. Initial Approach Segment Based on DR ......................................................................... 2-20 2-4-5. Initial Approach Segment Based on a PT ....................................................................... 2-23 2-4-6. Initial Approach Based on High Altitude Teardrop Turn .............................................. 2-26 2-4-7. Initial Approach Course Reversal Using Noncollocated Facilities ............................... 2-30 Section 2-5. Intermediate Approach.................................................................................................. 2-35 2-5-1. Intermediate Approach Segment ..................................................................................... 2-35 2-5-2. Altitude Selection ............................................................................................................. 2-35 2-5-3. Intermediate Approach Segment Based on Straight Courses ........................................ 2-36 2-5-4. Intermediate Approach Segment Based on an Arc ........................................................ 2-37 2-5-5. Intermediate Approach Segment Within a PT................................................................ 2-38 Section 2-6. Final Approach .............................................................................................................. 2-47 2-6-1. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................. 2-47 2-6-2. Glidepath Angle (GPA) and Vertical Descent Angle (VDA) ....................................... 2-47 2-6-3. GPA .................................................................................................................................. 2-47 2-6-4. VDA.................................................................................................................................. 2-47 2-6-5. Visual Descent Point (VDP)............................................................................................ 2-51 2-6-6. Vertical Guidance Surface (VGS)................................................................................... 2-53 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents iii Section 2-7. Circling Approach and Sidestep Maneuvers ............................................................... 2-57 2-7-1. Circling Approach Area................................................................................................... 2-57 2-7-2. Restricted Circling Area .................................................................................................. 2-59 2-7-3. Sidestep Maneuvers ......................................................................................................... 2-62 Section 2-8. Missed Approach ........................................................................................................... 2-64 2-8-1. Missed Approach Segment.............................................................................................. 2-64 2-8-2. Missed Approach Alignment .......................................................................................... 2-64 2-8-3. MAP.................................................................................................................................. 2-64 2-8-4. Straight Missed Approach Area ...................................................................................... 2-64 2-8-5. Straight Missed Approach Obstacle Clearance .............................................................. 2-65 2-8-6. Turning Missed Approach Area ...................................................................................... 2-67 2-8-7. Turning Missed Approach Obstacle Clearance .............................................................. 2-74 2-8-8. Combination Straight and Turning Missed Approach Area .......................................... 2-77 2-8-9. End of Missed Approach ................................................................................................. 2-79 Section 2-9. Terminal Area Fixes ...................................................................................................... 2-80 2-9-1. General.............................................................................................................................. 2-80 2-9-2. Fixes Formed By Intersection ......................................................................................... 2-80 2-9-3. Course/Distance Fixes ..................................................................................................... 2-80 2-9-4. Fixes Formed By Radar ................................................................................................... 2-81 2-9-5. Fix Displacement Area .................................................................................................... 2-81 2-9-6. Intersection Fix Displacement Factors ............................................................................ 2-81 2-9-7. Other Fix Displacement Factors ...................................................................................... 2-83 2-9-8. Satisfactory Fixes ............................................................................................................. 2-84 2-9-9. Using Fixes for Descent................................................................................................... 2-86 2-9-10. Obstacles Close to a PFAF or a Final Approach Segment SDF.................................... 2-89 Chapter 3. Takeoff and Landing Minimums ..................................................................... 3-1 Section 3-1. General Information........................................................................................................ 3-1 3-1-1. Application ......................................................................................................................... 3-1 3-1-2. Establishment ..................................................................................................................... 3-1 Section 3-2. Establishing Minimum Altitudes/Heights ....................................................................... 3-6 3-2-1. Establish Minimum Altitudes/Heights for each authorized approach category ............. 3-6 3-2-2. Adjustments to Minimum Altitudes/Heights.................................................................... 3-7 Section 3-3. Visibility Minimums ....................................................................................................... 3-13 3-3-1. Visibility Minimums Authorization ................................................................................ 3-13 3-3-2. Establishing Straight-in Visibility Minimums ................................................................ 3-13 3-3-3. Establishing Circling Visibility Minimums .................................................................... 3-21 3-3-4. Fly Visual to Airport ........................................................................................................ 3-23 Section 3-4. Alternate Airport Minimums ......................................................................................... 3-24 3-4-1. Establishing Alternate Minimums................................................................................... 3-24 Section 3-5. Takeoff Minimums ......................................................................................................... 3-26 3-5-1. Civil Standard Takeoff Minimums ................................................................................. 3-26 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents iv Chapter 4. On-Airport VOR (No PFAF).............................................................................. 4-1 Section 4-1. General Information........................................................................................................ 4-1 4-1-1. General................................................................................................................................ 4-1 Section 4-2. Low Altitude Procedures ................................................................................................. 4-2 4-2-1. Feeder Routes ..................................................................................................................... 4-2 4-2-2. Initial Approach Segment .................................................................................................. 4-2 4-2-3. Intermediate Segment ........................................................................................................ 4-2 4-2-4. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................... 4-2 4-2-5. Missed Approach Segment................................................................................................ 4-8 Section 4-3. High Altitude Teardrop Turn .......................................................................................... 4-9 4-3-1. Feeder Routes ..................................................................................................................... 4-9 4-3-2. Initial Approach Segment .................................................................................................. 4-9 4-3-3. Intermediate Segment ........................................................................................................ 4-9 4-3-4. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................... 4-9 4-3-5. Missed Approach Segment.............................................................................................. 4-11 Chapter 5. TACAN, VOR/DME, and VOR with PFAF ....................................................... 5-1 General Information ............................................................................................................................ 5-1 5-1-1. General................................................................................................................................ 5-1 Section 5-2. VOR with PFAF............................................................................................................... 5-2 5-2-1. Feeder Routes ..................................................................................................................... 5-2 5-2-2. Initial Approach Segment .................................................................................................. 5-2 5-2-3. Intermediate Approach Segment ....................................................................................... 5-2 5-2-4. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................... 5-2 5-2-5. Missed Approach Segment................................................................................................ 5-8 Section 5-3. TACAN and VOR/DME ................................................................................................ 5-10 5-3-1. Feeder Routes ................................................................................................................... 5-10 5-3-2. Initial Segment ................................................................................................................. 5-10 5-3-3. Intermediate Segment ...................................................................................................... 5-10 5-3-4. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................. 5-10 5-3-5. Missed Approach Segment.............................................................................................. 5-12 Chapter 6. NDB Procedures On-Airport Facility (No PFAF) ........................................... 6-1 Section 6-1. General Information........................................................................................................ 6-1 6-1-1. General................................................................................................................................ 6-1 Section 6-2. Low Altitude Procedures ................................................................................................. 6-2 6-2-1. Feeder Routes ..................................................................................................................... 6-2 6-2-2. Initial Approach Segment .................................................................................................. 6-2 6-2-3. Intermediate Segment ........................................................................................................ 6-2 6-2-4. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................... 6-2 6-2-5. Missed Approach Segment................................................................................................ 6-4 Section 6-3. High Altitude Teardrop Turn .......................................................................................... 6-5 6-3-1. Feeder Routes ..................................................................................................................... 6-5 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents v 6-3-2. Initial Approach Segment .................................................................................................. 6-5 6-3-3. Intermediate Segment ........................................................................................................ 6-5 6-3-4. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................... 6-5 Chapter 7. NDB with PFAF ................................................................................................. 7-1 Section 7-1. ........................................................................................................................................... 7-1 7-1-1. General................................................................................................................................ 7-1 7-1-2. Feeder Routes ..................................................................................................................... 7-1 7-1-3. Initial Approach Segment .................................................................................................. 7-1 7-1-4. Intermediate Approach Segment ....................................................................................... 7-1 7-1-5. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................... 7-1 7-1-6. Missed Approach Segment................................................................................................ 7-4 Chapter 8. Localizer (LOC) and Localizer Type Directional Aids (LDA) ....................... 8-1 Section 8-1. ........................................................................................................................................... 8-1 8-1-1. Feeder Routes, Initial Approach, and Intermediate Segments......................................... 8-1 8-1-2. Final Segment..................................................................................................................... 8-1 8-1-3. Area..................................................................................................................................... 8-1 8-1-4. Obstacle Clearance............................................................................................................. 8-2 8-1-5. Vertical Descent Angle ...................................................................................................... 8-2 8-1-6. Minimum Descent Altitude ............................................................................................... 8-2 8-1-7. Missed Approach Segment................................................................................................ 8-2 Chapter 9. Simplified Directional Facilities (SDF) Procedures ...................................... 9-1 Section 9-1. ........................................................................................................................................... 9-1 9-1-1. General................................................................................................................................ 9-1 9-1-2. Feeder Routes, Initial Approach, and Intermediate Segments......................................... 9-1 9-1-3. Final Segment..................................................................................................................... 9-1 9-1-4. Missed Approach Segment................................................................................................ 9-2 Chapter 10. Precision Approach and LDA with Glide Slope........................................ 10-1 Section 10-1. General Information and Criteria .............................................................................. 10-1 10-1-1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 10-1 10-1-2. Background ...................................................................................................................... 10-1 10-1-3. MSA, Feeder, Initial, and Intermediate Segments ......................................................... 10-1 10-1-4. General Requirements...................................................................................................... 10-4 Section 10-2. Final Approach Segment............................................................................................. 10-6 10-2-1. Final Segment................................................................................................................... 10-6 10-2-2. OCS Slope ........................................................................................................................ 10-7 10-2-3. “W” OCS .......................................................................................................................... 10-9 10-2-4. "X" OCS ......................................................................................................................... 10-11 10-2-5. "Y" OCS ......................................................................................................................... 10-12 10-2-6. DA and Height Above Touchdown (HAT) .................................................................. 10-13 10-2-7. Raising GPA for OCS Penetrations .............................................................................. 10-13 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents vi 10-2-8. Adjustment of DA for Final Approach OCS Penetrations........................................... 10-14 Section 10-3. CAT I Missed Approach Segment............................................................................. 10-17 10-3-1. General Information ....................................................................................................... 10-17 10-3-2. Section 1 ......................................................................................................................... 10-17 10-3-3. Section 2 ......................................................................................................................... 10-21 10-3-4. Missed Approach Climb Gradient ................................................................................ 10-25 Section 10-4. Special Authorization (SA) CAT I ILS Missed Approach ........................................ 10-27 10-4-1. General Information ....................................................................................................... 10-27 10-4-2. Final Approach Segment ............................................................................................... 10-27 10-4-3. Approach Minimums ..................................................................................................... 10-27 10-4-4. Missed Approach Evaluation ........................................................................................ 10-27 Section 10-5. CAT II/III ILS Evaluation.......................................................................................... 10-29 10-5-1. General Information ....................................................................................................... 10-29 10-5-2. Final Approach Segment ............................................................................................... 10-29 10-5-3. Approach Light Area ..................................................................................................... 10-29 10-5-4. Approach Minimums ..................................................................................................... 10-29 10-5-5. Missed Approach Segment............................................................................................ 10-29 10-5-6. Requirements for CAT III ILS ...................................................................................... 10-36 Section 10-6. PA and APV Obstacle Assessment ........................................................................... 10-37 10-6-1. Acceptable Obstacles ..................................................................................................... 10-37 10-6-2. Aircraft and Ground Vehicles as Obstacles .................................................................. 10-37 Chapter 11. Radar Approach Procedures and Vectoring Charts ................................ 11-1 Section 11-1. General Information.......................................................................................................... 1 11-1-1. General.................................................................................................................................... 1 Section 11-2. Radar Approaches ....................................................................................................... 11-2 11-2-1. General.............................................................................................................................. 11-2 11-2-2. Feeder Routes and Initial Approach Segments............................................................... 11-2 11-2-3. Intermediate Approach Segment ..................................................................................... 11-3 11-2-4. PAR Final Approach Segment ........................................................................................ 11-4 11-2-5. ASR FAS .......................................................................................................................... 11-5 11-2-6. Missed Approach Segment.............................................................................................. 11-7 Section 11-3. Minimum Vectoring Altitude Charts .......................................................................... 11-8 11-3-1. Minimum Vectoring Altitude Chart (MVAC) ............................................................... 11-8 11-3-2. Sectors............................................................................................................................. 11-10 11-3-3. Obstacle Clearance......................................................................................................... 11-16 11-3-4. Adverse Assumption Obstacle (AAO) Considerations................................................ 11-17 11-3-5. Airspace .......................................................................................................................... 11-17 11-3-6. Altitude Selection ........................................................................................................... 11-17 Chapter 12. Helicopter Procedures ................................................................................. 12-1 Section 12-1. Administrative.............................................................................................................. 12-1 12-1-1. General.............................................................................................................................. 12-1 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents vii 12-1-2. Type of Procedure ............................................................................................................ 12-1 12-1-3. Facilities for which Criteria are not Provided ................................................................. 12-1 12-1-4. Procedure Identification ................................................................................................... 12-1 Section 12-2. General Criteria .......................................................................................................... 12-2 12-2-1. Application. ...................................................................................................................... 12-2 12-2-2. PinS Approach ................................................................................................................. 12-2 12-2-3. Approach Categories........................................................................................................ 12-2 12-2-4. Procedure Construction.................................................................................................... 12-2 12-2-5. Descent Gradient/Vertical Descent Angle ...................................................................... 12-2 12-2-6. Initial Approach Segments Based on Straight Courses and Arcs .................................. 12-2 12-2-7. Initial Approach Based on Procedure Turn .................................................................... 12-2 12-2-8. Intermediate Approach Segment Based On Straight Courses ....................................... 12-3 12-2-9. Intermediate Approach Segment Based on an Arc ........................................................ 12-4 12-2-10. Intermediate Segment within a Procedure Turn Segment ............................................ 12-4 12-2-11. Final Approach ................................................................................................................ 12-4 12-2-12. Missed Approach Point................................................................................................... 12-4 12-2-13. Straight Missed Approach Area ..................................................................................... 12-5 12-2-14. Straight Missed Approach Obstacle Clearance ............................................................. 12-5 12-2-15. Turning Missed Approach Area ..................................................................................... 12-5 12-2-16. Turning Missed Approach Obstacle Clearance ............................................................. 12-5 12-2-17. Combination Straight and Turning Missed Approach .................................................. 12-5 12-2-18. Holding ............................................................................................................................ 12-5 Section 12-3. Takeoff and Landing Minimums ................................................................................. 12-7 12-3-1. Application ....................................................................................................................... 12-7 12-3-2. Altitudes............................................................................................................................ 12-7 12-3-3. Visibility ........................................................................................................................... 12-7 12-3-4. Visibility Credit ................................................................................................................ 12-7 12-3-5. Takeoff Minimums .......................................................................................................... 12-7 Section 12-4. On-Airport/Heliport VOR (No PFAF) ....................................................................... 12-8 12-4-1. General.............................................................................................................................. 12-8 12-4-2. Initial and Intermediate Segments ................................................................................... 12-8 12-4-3. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................. 12-8 Section 12-5. TACAN, VOR/DME, and VOR with PFAF................................................................ 12-9 12-5-1. Final Approach Segment ................................................................................................. 12-9 12-5-2. Missed Approach Point.................................................................................................... 12-9 12-5-3. Arc Final Approach Segment .......................................................................................... 12-9 Section 12-6. On-Airport/Heliport NDB, No PFAF....................................................................... 12-10 12-6-1. General............................................................................................................................ 12-10 12-6-2. Final Approach Segment ............................................................................................... 12-10 Section 12-7. NDB Procedures with PFAF .................................................................................... 12-11 12-7-1. General............................................................................................................................ 12-11 12-7-2. Final Approach Segment ............................................................................................... 12-11 12-7-3. Missed Approach Point.................................................................................................. 12-11 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents viii Section 12-8. Localizer and LDA Procedures ................................................................................ 12-12 12-8-1. Localizer and LDA ........................................................................................................ 12-12 Section 12-9. ILS Procedures .......................................................................................................... 12-13 12-9-1. Generaloted in this section............................................................................................. 12-13 12-9-2. Intermediate Approach Segment ................................................................................... 12-13 12-9-3. Final Approach Segment ............................................................................................... 12-13 12-9-4. Missed Approach Area .................................................................................................. 12-13 Section 12-10. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) .......................................................................... 12-14 12-10-1. Intermediate Approach Segment .................................................................................. 12-14 12-10-2. Final Approach Segment .............................................................................................. 12-14 12-10-3. Final Approach Alignment ........................................................................................... 12-14 12-10-4. Final Approach Area ..................................................................................................... 12-14 12-10-5. Final Approach Obstacle Clearance Surface ............................................................... 12-14 12-10-6. Transitional Surfaces..................................................................................................... 12-16 12-10-7. Obstacle Clearance ........................................................................................................ 12-16 12-10-8. Glide Slope .................................................................................................................... 12-17 12-10-9. Relocation of the Glide Slope ...................................................................................... 12-17 12-10-10. Adjustment of DH ....................................................................................................... 12-17 12-10-11. Missed Approach Obstacle Clearance........................................................................ 12-17 12-10-12. Straight Missed Approach Area ................................................................................. 12-18 12-10-13. Turning Missed Approach Areat be 4000 feet (0.66 NM). ....................................... 12-20 12-10-14. Combination Straight And Turning Missed Approach Area .................................... 12-21 Section 12-11. Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) .......................................................................... 12-24 12-11-1. Initial Approach Segment ............................................................................................. 12-24 12-11-2. Intermediate Approach Segment .................................................................................. 12-24 12-11-3. Final Approach Segment .............................................................................................. 12-24 12-11-4. Missed Approach Point................................................................................................. 12-24 Chapter 13. VOR/DME RNAV ........................................................................................... 13-1 Section 13-1. General Information.................................................................................................... 13-1 13-1-1. General.............................................................................................................................. 13-1 13-1-2. Procedure Construction.................................................................................................... 13-1 13-1-3. Segment Width................................................................................................................. 13-2 13-1-4. WPs................................................................................................................................... 13-4 13-1-5. RWY WP ......................................................................................................................... 13-5 13-1-6. Holding ............................................................................................................................. 13-5 Section 13-2. En Route Criteria ........................................................................................................ 13-6 13-2-1. VOR/DME Jet routes....................................................................................................... 13-6 13-2-2. En Route Obstacle Clearance Areas ............................................................................... 13-6 13-2-3. Obstacle Clearance......................................................................................................... 13-11 13-2-4. Feeder Routes ................................................................................................................. 13-11 Section 13-3. VOR/DME RNAV Terminal Criteria........................................................................ 13-12 13-3-1. Terminal Turning Area Expansion ............................................................................... 13-12 13-3-2. Initial Approach Segment .............................................................................................. 13-13 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents ix 13-3-3. Intermediate Segment .................................................................................................... 13-18 13-3-4. Final Approach Segment ............................................................................................... 13-18 13-3-5. Approach Minimums ..................................................................................................... 13-19 Section 13-4. Missed Approach ....................................................................................................... 13-20 13-4-1. General............................................................................................................................ 13-20 13-4-2. Missed Approach Segment............................................................................................ 13-20 13-4-3. MAP................................................................................................................................ 13-21 13-4-4. Straight Missed Approach ............................................................................................. 13-21 13-4-5. Turning Missed Approach ............................................................................................. 13-23 13-4-6. Combination Straight and Turning Missed Approach ................................................. 13-24 13-4-7. Clearance Limit .............................................................................................................. 13-27 Chapter 14. Departure Procedure Construction............................................................ 14-1 Section 14-1. General Criteria .......................................................................................................... 14-1 14-1-1. General.............................................................................................................................. 14-1 14-1-2. Departure Criteria Application .......................................................................................... 14-1 14-1-3. Departure OCS Application ............................................................................................ 14-1 14-1-4. Climb Gradients ............................................................................................................... 14-3 14-1-5. Ceiling and Visibility ....................................................................................................... 14-5 14-1-6. Initial Climb Area (ICA).................................................................................................. 14-5 Section 14-2. Diverse Departure Assessment ................................................................................... 14-7 14-2-1. General.............................................................................................................................. 14-7 14-2-2. Departure Sectors ............................................................................................................. 14-9 14-2-3. Sector Limitations .......................................................................................................... 14-11 Section 14-3. Departure Routes ...................................................................................................... 14-13 14-3-1. Straight Route Departure Segments .............................................................................. 14-13 14-3-2. DR Departure ................................................................................................................. 14-13 14-3-3. Positive Course Guidance (PCG) Departure, 15 Degrees or less ................................ 14-14 14-3-4. Turning Segment Construction ..................................................................................... 14-17 14-3-5. Turn to PCG ................................................................................................................... 14-18 14-3-6. Multiple Turns ................................................................................................................ 14-20 14-3-7. Evaluation of Multiple Turn Areas ............................................................................... 14-27 Section 14-4. Visual Climb Over Airport (VCOA) ......................................................................... 14-31 14-4-1. General............................................................................................................................ 14-31 14-4-2. Basic Area ...................................................................................................................... 14-31 14-4-3. VCOA Assessment ........................................................................................................ 14-32 14-4-4. Ceiling and Visibility ..................................................................................................... 14-34 14-4-5. Published Annotations ................................................................................................... 14-34 Section 14-5. Diverse Vector Area (DVA) Assessment .................................................................. 14-36 14-5-1. General............................................................................................................................ 14-36 14-5-2. Initial Departure Assessment ......................................................................................... 14-36 14-5-3. Select a DVA Method.................................................................................................... 14-36 14-5-4. Climb Gradients ............................................................................................................. 14-44 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents x Section 14-6. Obstacle Clearance Requirements for SID .............................................................. 14-45 14-6-1. Maximum Altitude Restrictions .................................................................................... 14-45 14-6-2. Minimum Altitudes ........................................................................................................ 14-48 Chapter 15. En Route Criteria .......................................................................................... 15-1 Section 15-1. VHF Obstacle Clearance Areas ................................................................................. 15-1 15-1-1. En Route Obstacle Clearance Areas ............................................................................... 15-1 15-1-2. Primary Areas................................................................................................................... 15-1 15-1-3. Secondary Areas .............................................................................................................. 15-2 15-1-4. Turning Area .................................................................................................................... 15-2 15-1-5. Application of Turning Area Criteria.............................................................................. 15-5 15-1-6. Turn Area Template ......................................................................................................... 15-5 15-1-7. Changeover Points (COPs) .............................................................................................. 15-9 15-1-8. Course Change Effect .................................................................................................... 15-11 15-1-9. Minimum En Route IFR Altitudes................................................................................ 15-12 15-1-10. Protected En Route Areas ............................................................................................. 15-12 Section 15-2. VHF Obstacle Clearance .......................................................................................... 15-13 15-2-1. Obstacle Clearance, Primary Area ................................................................................ 15-13 15-2-2. Obstacle Clearance, Secondary Areas .......................................................................... 15-13 Section 15-3. Altitudes ..................................................................................................................... 15-16 15-3-1. Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA) ............................................................................ 15-16 15-3-2. En Route Minimum Holding Altitudes......................................................................... 15-18 Section 15-4. Navigational Gaps..................................................................................................... 15-19 15-4-1. Navigational Gap Criteria .............................................................................................. 15-19 Section 15-5. Low Frequency Airways or Routes .......................................................................... 15-21 15-5-1. LF Airways or Routes .................................................................................................... 15-21 Section 15-6. Minimum Divergence Angles.................................................................................... 15-25 15-6-1. General............................................................................................................................ 15-25 15-6-2. VHF Fixes ...................................................................................................................... 15-25 15-6-3. LF or VHF/LF Fixes ...................................................................................................... 15-25 Chapter 16. Simultaneous Approach Operations ......................................................... 16-1 Section 16-1. Simultaneous Independent Approaches Spaced at Least 4300 Feet Apart .............. 16-1 16-1-1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 16-1 16-1-2. General Guidance............................................................................................................. 16-1 16-1-3. Types of Approaches ...................................................................................................... 16-1 16-1-4. Approach Design.............................................................................................................. 16-1 16-1-5. Final Approach Design .................................................................................................. 16-1 16-1-6. Missed Approach Design ................................................................................................ 16-1 16-1-7. Charting ............................................................................................................................ 16-2 16-1-8. Coordination and Approval ............................................................................................. 16-2 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents xi Section 16-2. Simultaneous Close Parallel Approaches Spaced at Least 3000 Feet Apart........... 16-3 16-2-1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 16-3 16-2-2. General Guidance............................................................................................................. 16-3 16-2-3. Types of Approaches ...................................................................................................... 16-3 16-2-4. Approach Design.............................................................................................................. 16-3 16-2-5. Final Approach Design .................................................................................................... 16-3 16-2-6. Missed Approach Design ................................................................................................ 16-4 16-2-7. Procedure Naming and Charting ..................................................................................... 16-5 16-2-8. Coordination and Approval ............................................................................................. 16-6 Section 16-3. SOIA Runways Spaced at Least 750 Feet Apart........................................................ 16-7 16-3-1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 16-7 16-3-2. General Guidance............................................................................................................. 16-7 16-3-3. Types of Approaches ....................................................................................................... 16-7 16-3-4. Approach Design.............................................................................................................. 16-7 16-3-5. Final Approach Segment Design .................................................................................... 16-7 16-3-6. Missed Approach Design .............................................................................................. 16-11 16-3-7. Procedure Naming and Charting ................................................................................... 16-13 16-3-8. Coordination and Approval ........................................................................................... 16-13 Section 16-4. Breakout Obstacle Assessment for Simultaneous Independent Parallel Instrument Approach Operations....................................................................................................................... 16-15 16-4-1. Scope............................................................................................................................... 16-15 16-4-2. Assessment ..................................................................................................................... 16-15 16-4-3. Obstacle Penetration Mitigations .................................................................................. 16-15 16-4-4. Periodic Review ............................................................................................................. 16-15 Section 16-5. Simultaneous Independent Procedures Considered Established on a PBN Segment of a Published Instrument Approach ................................................................................................... 16-16 16-5-1. Purpose approach ........................................................................................................... 16-16 16-5-2. Approach design ............................................................................................................ 16-16 16-5-3. Track Separation ............................................................................................................ 16-16 16-5-4. Alignment ....................................................................................................................... 16-17 Chapter 17. Basic Holding Criteria .................................................................................. 17-1 Section 17-1. Pattern Design Assumptions ....................................................................................... 17-1 17-1-1. Development Concept ..................................................................................................... 17-1 17-1-2. Turn Effect........................................................................................................................ 17-1 17-1-3. NAVAID Ground and Airborne System Tolerance....................................................... 17-1 17-1-4. Effect of Wind .................................................................................................................. 17-1 17-1-5. Development .................................................................................................................... 17-1 17-1-6. Application in the National Airspace System (NAS)..................................................... 17-1 17-1-7. Uncharted holding............................................................................................................ 17-2 17-1-8. Air Traffic Operations...................................................................................................... 17-2 Section 17-2. Pattern Components .................................................................................................... 17-3 17-2-1. Area................................................................................................................................... 17-3 17-2-2. Outbound Leg Length ...................................................................................................... 17-3 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents xii 17-2-3. Maximum Holding Airspeed........................................................................................... 17-3 17-2-4. Obstacle Clearance for Level Holding............................................................................ 17-4 17-2-5. Communications .............................................................................................................. 17-4 17-2-6. Intersection Fix................................................................................................................. 17-4 Section 17-3. Primary Area Size Determination .............................................................................. 17-5 17-3-1. Size and Numbering......................................................................................................... 17-5 17-3-2. Pattern Numbers............................................................................................................... 17-5 17-3-3. Altitude Levels ................................................................................................................. 17-5 17-3-4. Fix-to-NAVAID Distances.............................................................................................. 17-8 17-3-5. Pattern Applicability ........................................................................................................ 17-8 17-3-6. Pattern Selection............................................................................................................... 17-8 Section 17-4. DME Applications with Slant-Range ......................................................................... 17-9 17-4-1. Slant-Range Effect ........................................................................................................... 17-9 17-4-2. Determining VOR/DME Distances ................................................................................ 17-9 17-4-3. No-Course-Signal Zone ................................................................................................... 17-9 17-4-4. Fix Distance Variances .................................................................................................... 17-9 17-4-5. Holding Toward/Away from the NAVAID ................................................................. 17-12 17-4-6. Distance Based Holding Leg Lengths........................................................................... 17-13 17-4-7. Reduction in area size .................................................................................................... 17-13 17-4-8. VOR/DME Example Problems ..................................................................................... 17-13 Section 17-5. Template Tracing ...................................................................................................... 17-15 17-5-1. Template Usage.............................................................................................................. 17-15 17-5-2. Basic Perimeter .............................................................................................................. 17-15 Section 17-6. Manual Construction of Patterns ............................................................................. 17-16 17-6-1. Requirement ................................................................................................................... 17-16 17-6-2. Basic Primary Area Construction (right-hand pattern) ................................................ 17-16 Section 17-7. Climb-in-Hold............................................................................................................ 17-19 17-7-1. Climb-in-Hold Evaluations ........................................................................................... 17-19 17-7-2. Climb-in-Hold Airspeed Determination ....................................................................... 17-19 17-7-3. Climb-in-Hold Obstacle Evaluation.............................................................................. 17-20 Section 17-8. Descend-in-Hold Patterns ........................................................................................ 17-22 17-8-1. Descend-in-Hold ............................................................................................................ 17-22 17-8-2. Descend-in-Hold Airspeed Determination ................................................................... 17-22 17-8-3. Descend-in-Hold Criteria............................................................................................... 17-22 Section 17-9. Operational Applications .......................................................................................... 17-23 17-9-1. Establishing Fixes .......................................................................................................... 17-23 17-9-2. Pattern Alignment .......................................................................................................... 17-23 17-9-3. VOR/DME Leg Length Selection................................................................................. 17-23 17-9-4. VOR/DME Holding Direction ...................................................................................... 17-23 17-9-5. Establishing MHAs ........................................................................................................ 17-23 17-9-6. Holding Patterns on or Adjacent to ILS Courses ......................................................... 17-23 Section 17-10. RNAV Holding Patterns .......................................................................................... 17-25 17-10-1. General Information ...................................................................................................... 17-25 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents xiii 17-10-2. Criteria Development .................................................................................................... 17-25 17-10-3. Restrictions .................................................................................................................... 17-25 17-10-4. RNAV Holding Patterns ............................................................................................... 17-25 17-10-5. RNAV Leg Length Determination............................................................................... 17-25 Section 17-11. Helicopter Holding Patterns................................................................................... 17-27 17-11-1. Helicopter (Copter) Holding......................................................................................... 17-27 17-11-2. Copter Holding Procedures .......................................................................................... 17-27 Section 17-12. Increased Airspeed Holding Pattern Operations .................................................. 17-28 17-12-1. Turbulent Air Operation ............................................................................................... 17-28 17-12-2. Maximum Holding Speed in Turbulent Air Conditions ............................................. 17-28 17-12-3. Operational Use ............................................................................................................. 17-29 Section 17-13. VOR/DME Leg Length Determination................................................................... 17-30 17-13-1. General........................................................................................................................... 17-30 Section 17-14. Formulas for Holding Pattern Placement ............................................................. 17-37 17-14-1. General........................................................................................................................... 17-37 Appendix A. Administrative Information ......................................................................... A-1 1. Distribution.........................................................................................................................A-1 2. Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................A-1 3. Related Publications...........................................................................................................A-3 4. Forms and Reports .............................................................................................................A-4 5. Information Update ............................................................................................................A-4 Appendix B. Definitions ..................................................................................................... B-1 1. 3-Dimensional (3D) ........................................................................................................... B-1 2. Air Traffic Service (ATS) route ........................................................................................ B-1 3. Airport reference point (ARP) ........................................................................................... B-1 4. Along-track distance (ATD) .............................................................................................. B-1 5. Along-track (ATRK) tolerance (ATT).............................................................................. B-1 6. Angle of divergence (Minimum) ...................................................................................... B-1 7. APT waypoint (WP) .......................................................................................................... B-1 8. Area navigation (RNAV) .................................................................................................. B-1 9. Authorization required (AR) ............................................................................................. B-1 10. Average coldest temperature (ACT) ................................................................................. B-1 11. Barometric altitude............................................................................................................. B-1 12. Baseline .............................................................................................................................. B-2 13. Circling approach area ....................................................................................................... B-2 14. Clearway............................................................................................................................. B-2 15. Climb gradient (CG) .......................................................................................................... B-2 16. Common route.................................................................................................................... B-2 17. Controlling obstacle ........................................................................................................... B-2 18. Course ................................................................................................................................. B-2 19. Course change .................................................................................................................... B-2 20. Course-to-a-fix (CF) .......................................................................................................... B-2 21. Course-to-an-altitude (CA) ................................................................................................ B-2 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents xiv 22. Course-to-an-intercept (CI) ............................................................................................... B-2 23. Cross-track (XTT) tolerance.............................................................................................. B-2 24. Dead reckoning .................................................................................................................. B-2 25. Decision altitude (DA) ....................................................................................................... B-2 26. Departure end of runway (DER). ...................................................................................... B-2 27. Departure reference line (DRL) ........................................................................................ B-2 28. Departure reference point (DRP) ...................................................................................... B-3 29. Departure route................................................................................................................... B-3 30. Departure sector ................................................................................................................. B-3 31. Direct-to-a-fix (DF)............................................................................................................ B-3 32. Descent gradient (DG) ....................................................................................................... B-3 33. Distance of turn anticipation (DTA) ................................................................................. B-3 34. Distance measuring equipment (DME) Arc ..................................................................... B-3 35. DME distance. .................................................................................................................... B-3 36. Diverse vector area (DVA) ................................................................................................ B-3 37. Early turn point (ETP) ....................................................................................................... B-3 38. En route transition .............................................................................................................. B-3 39. Fictitious threshold point (FTP) ........................................................................................ B-4 40. Final approach and takeoff area (FATO) .......................................................................... B-4 41. Final approach course (FAC) ............................................................................................ B-4 42. Final approach segment (FAS).......................................................................................... B-4 43. Fix ....................................................................................................................................... B-4 44. Fix displacement tolerance (FDT)..................................................................................... B-4 45. Fix-to-NAVAID................................................................................................................. B-4 46. Flight control computer (FCC) .......................................................................................... B-4 47. Flight management system (FMS) .................................................................................... B-4 48. Flight path alignment point (FPAP) .................................................................................. B-4 49. Flight path control point (FPCP) ....................................................................................... B-4 50. Final roll-out point (FROP) ............................................................................................... B-5 51. Fly-by (FB) fix ................................................................................................................... B-5 52. Fly-over (FO) fix ................................................................................................................ B-5 53. Glidepath angle (GPA) ...................................................................................................... B-5 54. Global azimuth reference point (GARP) .......................................................................... B-5 55. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) ...................................................................... B-5 56. Gradient .............................................................................................................................. B-5 57. Ground point of intercept (GPI) ........................................................................................ B-5 58. Heading-to-an-altitude (VA) ............................................................................................. B-5 59. Heading-to-an-intercept (VI) ............................................................................................. B-5 60. Height above landing (HAL)............................................................................................. B-5 61. Height above surface (HAS) ............................................................................................. B-5 62. Height above touchdown (HAT)....................................................................................... B-5 63. Helipoint ............................................................................................................................. B-6 64. Helipoint crossing height (HCH) ...................................................................................... B-6 65. Heliport ............................................................................................................................... B-6 66. Initial climb area (ICA)...................................................................................................... B-6 67. ICA baseline (ICAB) ......................................................................................................... B-6 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents xv 68. ICA end-line (ICAE). A line at end of ICA perpendicular to the departure course. ...... B-6 69. Initial approach fix (IAF) ................................................................................................... B-6 70. Instrument Landing System (ILS)..................................................................................... B-6 71. Intermediate fix (IF) ........................................................................................................... B-6 72. International standard atmosphere (ISA) .......................................................................... B-6 73. Knots indicated airspeed (KIAS) ...................................................................................... B-6 74. Landing area as used in helicopter operations .................................................................. B-6 75. Landing area boundary (LAB) .......................................................................................... B-6 76. Landing threshold point (LTP) .......................................................................................... B-6 77. Lateral navigation (LNAV) ............................................................................................... B-7 78. Lateral navigation/vertical navigation (LNAV/VNAV) .................................................. B-7 79. Leg ...................................................................................................................................... B-7 80. Localizer (LOC) ................................................................................................................. B-7 81. Localizer performance (LP)............................................................................................... B-7 82. Localizer type directional aid (LDA) ................................................................................ B-7 83. Minimum descent altitude (MDA).................................................................................... B-7 84. Minimum en route altitude (MEA) ................................................................................... B-7 85. Minimum obstruction clearance altitude (MOCA) .......................................................... B-8 86. Non-directional beacon (NDB) airborne automatic direction finder (ADF) .................. B-8 87. Non-VOR/DME RNAV.................................................................................................... B-8 88. Obstacle .............................................................................................................................. B-8 89. Obstacle clearance.............................................................................................................. B-8 90. Obstacle clearance surface (OCS) ..................................................................................... B-8 91. Obstacle evaluation area (OEA) ........................................................................................ B-8 92. Obstacle identification surface (OIS) ................................................................................ B-8 93. Obstacle positions (OBSX,Y,Z) ........................................................................................... B-8 94. Operational advantage ....................................................................................................... B-8 95. Point-in-space (PinS) approach ......................................................................................... B-9 96. Positive course guidance (PCG)........................................................................................ B-9 97. Precipitous terrain .............................................................................................................. B-9 98. Precise final approach fix (PFAF) ..................................................................................... B-9 99. Primary area ....................................................................................................................... B-9 100. Radio altimeter height (RA) .............................................................................................. B-9 101. Radius to fix (RF) leg......................................................................................................... B-9 102. Reduced takeoff runway length (RTRL) .......................................................................... B-9 103. Reference datum point (RDP) ........................................................................................... B-9 104. Reference facility ............................................................................................................... B-9 105. Reference fix ...................................................................................................................... B-9 106. Reference line..................................................................................................................... B-9 107. Reference navigational aid (NAVAID) ............................................................................ B-9 108. Required navigation performance (RNP) .......................................................................B-10 109. Required obstacle clearance (ROC) ................................................................................B-10 110. Runway threshold (RWT) ...............................................................................................B-10 111. Runway transition ............................................................................................................B-10 112. Runway (RWY) WP ........................................................................................................B-10 113. Secondary area .................................................................................................................B-10 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents xvi 114. Segment ............................................................................................................................B-10 115. Service Volume ................................................................................................................B-10 116. Slant-range........................................................................................................................B-10 117. Slant-range/Geographical Distance.................................................................................B-10 118. Start End of Runway (SER) ............................................................................................B-10 119. Standard Instrument Departure (SID) .............................................................................B-11 120. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) ................................................................................B-11 121. Start of Climb (SOC) .......................................................................................................B-11 122. Take-off Distance Available (TODA) ............................................................................B-11 123. Take-off Run Available (TORA) ....................................................................................B-11 124. Tangent Point (TP). ..........................................................................................................B-11 125. Tangent Point Distance (TPD) ........................................................................................B-11 126. Threshold Crossing Height (TCH)..................................................................................B-11 127. Touchdown and Lift-off Area (TLOF) ...........................................................................B-11 128. Touchdown Zone (TDZ) .................................................................................................B-11 129. Touchdown Zone Elevation (TDZE) ..............................................................................B-11 130. Track to Fix (TF) Leg ......................................................................................................B-11 131. Transition Level ...............................................................................................................B-11 132. True Airspeed (KTAS) ....................................................................................................B-11 133. Turn Anticipation .............................................................................................................B-12 134. Turn Fix ............................................................................................................................B-12 135. Turn Initiation Area (TIA) ...............................................................................................B-12 136. Turn WP ...........................................................................................................................B-12 137. Vertical Descent Angle (VDA) .......................................................................................B-12 138. Vertical Error Budget (VEB)...........................................................................................B-12 139. Visual Climb Area (VCA) ...............................................................................................B-12 140. Visual Climb Over Airport (VCOA) ..............................................................................B-12 141. Visual Descent Point (VDP)............................................................................................B-12 142. Vertical Guidance Surface (VGS)...................................................................................B-12 143. Visual Glide Slope Indicator (VGSI) ..............................................................................B-12 144. Visual Segment ................................................................................................................B-12 145. VOR/DME RNAV ..........................................................................................................B-12 146. WP ....................................................................................................................................B-13 147. WP Displacement Area ...................................................................................................B-13 148. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) ..................................................................B-13 Appendix C. Precipitous Terrain Algorithms .................................................................. C-1 1. Precipitous Terrain Equations, Parameters, Interests, Weights ....................................... C-1 2. Precipitous Point Value Methodology .............................................................................. C-5 3. PPV Adjustment Values .................................................................................................... C-6 Appendix D. Mathematics Convention ............................................................................ D-1 1. Mathematical Functions and Constants ............................................................................D-1 2. Operational Precedence (Order of Operation). .................................................................D-2 3. Conversions by Unit Factors .............................................................................................D-2 4. Other Conversions..............................................................................................................D-3 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents xvii 5. Common Equation Terms .................................................................................................D-4 Appendix E. Simultaneous Approach Operations .......................................................... E-1 Section 1. General Information about Simultaneous Approaches..................................................... E-1 1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................... E-1 2. Background ........................................................................................................................ E-1 3. Overview ............................................................................................................................ E-3 4. Safety Studies and Tests .................................................................................................... E-3 5. Terms, Concepts and Implementation Considerations..................................................... E-3 6. Related Documentation ..................................................................................................... E-5 Section 2. Additional Information for Simultaneous Independent Approaches Spaced at Least 4300 Feet Apart. ............................................................................................................................................ E-1 1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................... E-1 2. Vertical Guidance .............................................................................................................. E-1 3. ATC Operations Concept .................................................................................................. E-1 4. NTZ..................................................................................................................................... E-1 5. Normal Operating Zone (NOZ) ........................................................................................ E-1 6. Design Guidelines .............................................................................................................. E-2 Section 3. Additional Information for Simultaneous Close Parallel (SCP) Approaches ................ E-4 1. SIT ...................................................................................................................................... E-4 a. ATC Facility and Service Area Determines whether to form a SIT ............................... E-4 b. ATC Facility Proposes Procedure Development from an Airport .................................. E-4 2. Concepts, Terms and Implementation .............................................................................. E-4 3. Approach Design Considerations...................................................................................... E-6 4. Authorized Lines of Minimums ........................................................................................ E-8 Section 4. Additional Information for Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approach (SOIA). ............ E-9 1. Concept ............................................................................................................................... E-9 2. Design Considerations for Identical Approaches ........................................................... E-10 3. Staggered Runway Thresholds ........................................................................................ E-11 4. SOIA SIT.......................................................................................................................... E-12 5. AAUP ............................................................................................................................... E-13 6. SOIA Design Program ..................................................................................................... E-13 7. NTZ................................................................................................................................... E-14 8. Ceiling for SOIA Operations ........................................................................................... E-14 9. Wake Turbulence Requirements and Considerations .................................................... E-14 10. Crosswind Limits for SOIA............................................................................................. E-15 11. ATC/Flight Crew Coordination ...................................................................................... E-15 12. SOIA Implementation...................................................................................................... E-16 Section 5. Simultaneous Independent Procedures Considered Established on a PBN Segment of a Published Instrument Approach ........................................................................................................ E-17 1. Roles/responsibilities and Approval Process. ................................................................. E-17 2. Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... E-17 3. Key findings ..................................................................................................................... E-17 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Table of Contents xviii Section 6. Obstacle Assessment Surface Evaluation for Simultaneous Independent Parallel Instrument Approach Operations ...................................................................................................... E-19 1. Background ...................................................................................................................... E-19 2. Parallel Approach Obstruction Assessment.................................................................... E-21 Appendix F. Alternative Evaluation Method for PA and LDA w/GS .............................. F-1 1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................... F-1 2. Final Segment..................................................................................................................... F-1 3. Final Segment Alignment .................................................................................................. F-2 4. OCS Slope .......................................................................................................................... F-2 5. “W” OCS ............................................................................................................................ F-4 6. “X” OCS ............................................................................................................................. F-5 7. “Y” OCS ............................................................................................................................. F-6 8. Decision Altitude and Height Above Touchdown (HAT)............................................... F-7 9. Adjustment of DA for Final Approach OCS Penetrations............................................... F-7 10. Section 1 Missed Approach ............................................................................................... F-8 02/16/2018 Order 8260.3D Chapter 1 1-1 Chapter 1. Administrative Section 1-1. Scope 1-1-1. Purpose of This Order. This order prescribes standardized methods for designing and evaluating instrument flight procedures (IFPs) prescribed under Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Part 95 and Part 97. It also contains design guidance related to other IFPs and Air Traffic Control (ATC) charts not specified under Parts 95 or 97. It is to be used by all personnel responsible for the preparati
What's in the CESSNA 185 TCDS
A Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) is the FAA's record of what an aircraft type was approved as. It is the source of truth for weights, seating, fuel and the rules the design was certified against. Expand any line to see what it means.
770 CESSNA 185 parts for sale
See all →
Parts listed for sale by vetted eBay sellers — confirmed on eBay at checkout.