1957 Aircraft Year Book - Aerospace Industries Association

'-bny corpor.ctions ha,·c dcctdc d tha t the F-27 u the a1~ nf t to modc mt zc. thc ir !lecu. Cru i1 ing Dl tx. uu tha? 300 mp h_o.,. er a 2 1 ~mrle.r:' n ge, the F -27 su rr ounds a irborne uccu t i~u w11h prc3.5u n z.cd and atr cond•tJoned comfort. Ano..l noothc r aircra ft of its t y~ hJl the F -27 '1 ~hort-li:ld capability. pattern in performance: PRODU CTI O N l'arru!..bcnonhcl..:ulm>o:"llt '-ro.af ' and r.oil"''11)''• I)EW ti..... oa t po<U .ur.d ~;Wnf <:n-.: r A nx-rio:"~ 1 1tt) "'7n: bu ill ••th t~ hr lpol F ~i rtbldC- 1 :!J t r.>rurc- u.. "'t: ~h !IN· o ntb.:nlt'ft~ t ho C'Qm.lr\IC b~ ..u:~.n:.o! - c•= the r.Mb r :ontcna.u " h•Ch.,.,..'toC. ntho: 1' 11<- C- I !J commute r..,..,-;""" to t bc:O CW!inoc • m :u1hc:r.u cnf up tQ ciz,hl tom of c•~ F" ' pbnc- The high frontier :n d ;t \t hcrndQl t h;.o lin< t hr: b nJ t"' •l nP'Iw ' "fVIn •"n t Coo"> rl.llll:h.uoo h:lt:ardou • f ~ ~n y ., t ~ • ~•'Y«ltny 4l!/1P t n~;: ~;;::~:;r·;:· pol.l, ~";) , _ FAIRCHILD club h ~•'l.' C"Oml' to d...,...:nd N> t bo: •n tti.!J I H nll • • o ut o tu oo u . •uu 1 o1 C' - ! ::! J- j<U I U t hr US . A <mc d , _., ., ,..,.. , , ..... ..,..,__._.(~< FC'.l'tt::OC I 'I;' I ) "'"'heJT , l' hc C· I= JJl-.;. r ~ <hcv: q.uliJIC'• • it h 01 1x' r F ~hc h.iJ:I · _ _,,_ •...,....... ,._,......_, ., _ , _ , _., •• , , :a in:T:I fl : ru~!'li.' , .._~ l i:~bilily,:.ml c•· u i nr~" "Gu lllity, TRIPLE THREAT -A irbo r ne ... Assault ... Logistic• T he Fni rt hi hl C - 1!3. J<: r vicqliO>"C O :1 .• ~u ~ u l! ~n il logt~ti~l r r ~nspo u. p l ~ yt ~ l hi ril role to J lo! r ! ~ r iun-• l ~r:t u n n · hk k Cnr ~l • hc rn~ t tO<lp• Ju II O W · Uf> O pc r d . h iJ> l: t~i J <:OI"' fiJ>U I :I\ion am.Jr w .n jum [ld oors m:J n i\Utr k ~nd n ~y jum p1 fOr ai r OO m e U OOJI\. N u· m~ I OU \ ~ ~~ ~ d !OjlS ha<"i! f) r.)\\" ll ~~~ c:!l~ tl,· c n c u t nt h<: n t -..: m is,ion. Th e C - 1 ~ ) pr n,·illcs rhe trl ilit~ r )" "i rh o ,-a r l~ t '' of ·"' '''i>c! . . ~i • · Nn n ~ •upp ly. - ~ir cv~cu~ t i:~n . n s ~ ull mi,,l,__.,,, b ul ~ r~ r (.n h,£il li e> n nr.l ' "'"'1'-~f~ I IO"f'< l nhlih . T ripk ·thrc nl r;u~h r y 100. in • ~li~b l ti r y. w r !hl li!it :,· bn d pcr f utnr~ nc-e • thue C - 1 ~3 ~,~ j~~~: ~ ,~~~ ~~~~rr ~ '~ ryplca l trl all ~ FAIRCHILD 11HUI1 1 11 111 10 • UUI\1U• II . uot tll1 The Fairchild Aircraft Division mass-produces the Fairchild C-123 assault transport and log- istics carrier ... builds major fuselage and wing sections for the B-52 intercontinental bomber. Strengthening the Sunday Punch of SAC Ever y tinrc one or th new B- 52 gk>b.>lbo:nbcnisc!c li , -.: rcd.Ar=r ica i1 nk r. OH On£cr. more secure. In qu~ti r y- pr ->ducin g huge ,.,·i ng and ( u>d~I)C ..:t~ ions and ••:-rr i •~ l !ins fur the inrcn: o nti n>nta l bo m be r. Fairc h il d he lps lf«d t ht-i r rk li •..: ry to th; S!r'ltc gk ,\ ir-C om mJnd. Ah•.-a ~~ on !thcdulc. rl>c: sr <:;:>mpu- nmU i-l ;,.n.Juproc.- ~ ..-r int:, \ i rFortt quJ lit)' SIJ ndlrds. ,\ :n~}ot pri ~ ~n .J s uko-ntr ~ C· tor, F ~i rch il d >p<'('i3 l i>U in l ow C\ll l [) reduction. to p .:; u~lt t ) ' •--o nrro l, co n- >i> le nt on -tim> <kl n 1:rie:s - ~ ll ~ <kl i ng up to J« urit }' rhrough ~ir power. ~ FAIRCHILD lll t U III I llllll' U I!IIT UI II. Ut! l>" • "'""" -"' '""" ... . , .., .,.., " ' 'V•t<!O><>O .. ... #( FAIRCHILD AIRCRAFT DIVISION • HAGERSTOWN 10, MARYLAND A DIVISION OF FAIRCHILD ENGINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORATION 7 8 pattern in performance: SMALL ~ET ENGINES ... CHAMPION WEIGHT LIFT,ERS An entitdy ne.,.. hm ily of Ji rcr1fl ,.·ill evohe from 1 ne,.· fl m•I Y of ~ mJII l i Vw~c i£ 11! jc: t cn gino now under dcvd opment ~~ the F1 l rehi kl EnPr:e Di•ision. Tt ~r~ new po"·cr· plan11 ...;n ftJt urc incredibly hig h thr u ~ t~ 1nd &J" <lt l i h in ~; f'O"ct ., . )'Cl ,.i ll t'<" w li &hl tl'w::yuneJs ilybcc:mictlbytwomcn, H i&]l ly COinJ»Cl, .,.·ith ~~r... fr onr.. l Jrns. the l nnll ;ct cn p ne ~ .. ;n <kt h·cr thr ustj •c. i&}l t r.ui~ ~r..ning at S to I "ith ~ long r.ln&c pou:ntlJI of more th 111 10 10 I. They ~>in be u~oed in the hi&h ptrfo rmJnct, !l&hNti£11! l rl il'lcn. i:l1cr CcpiOU, Ul£< 1 dronn , pil a1ku <li rc:Jft lnclucn ng missiks ;nd inu:rmcdi1tc d u.s ~ucntc r Jnd a rg o ,rt.J of 1he 1\i n:· teen Sidia , They \O' iiJ JbO be U>';d IO pll'IO CI fi Jhtns an d IW fll)' 0 <£0 CUf l , o " ul i. t aircrafl . . 1nd ,..; II make jt-1 Sho rt Talc 011 anti Landin& {STOLl Jnd Vert ic al Talc Off aml L~nd in.~; (VTO L ) ~i:cr::~ /1 pn c l ic ~ J. The s.m3!1 ;t1 en gine mJy be u..:d ol n£1 y, in p.J iu ~nd in c ha1er1. /1 pro•·i du mu!li- cngil'l<: rd i ~boili1y in ~ircr3ft o( -'1 Jizc now ..-holly dcpcrKknl on 3 !i n&k en !;ine. Tl:~ $m~!l ;tt engine "'ill produc~ t<C-'Itcr •·cn.:uilily ~nd uli lily in J ir pbnn of 1omcrrow. COM~ARiaON 0111' L I II'TINO CA~ACITV 0111' ~OWER SVST E Ma How t he new f;~mily of Fairchilv Small J et En g iu~ s co mpJ rc wi th other mcchJni c: l ll ift ing sy~1cms Fairchild Engine Division specializes in the design and production of small, li g ht weight turbojet engines for commercial and military applications, including an entirely new family of powerplants in the 2000-pound thrust class and the CAA certified 1000-pound thrust J 44 for pilotless planes and inhabited aircraft use. #( FAIRCHILD ENGINE DIVISION Commack Road, O. er Park, L. 1., N.Y . A DIVISIO N OF FAIRCHILD ENGINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORATION ~ FAIRCHILD ENGINE DIVISION '""'~':!J )~Itn;. -• ~=~.;~- k~ci . SMALL JET ENGINES ..• CHAMPION WEIGH _T REDUCERS The new br cc .J of hich-pcrform J ncc, light wcir;hl. SmJII jet e ngine.\ c omi ng to life wi ll br o:~U cn 1h~ hori~ons of jet ~ ir.:r_: ft U c~ign, pctforman ~<.·. \' CU!I Ii lit y ~n d u1il ity . •1 - ; 1~~~~:1o:,~~·a:~~r •;:•::;~;~;:I,~::Jb;.;·l~ ;;:~,:r :;~~~~!~~ 1 /i~:;;~~;:~ -~~ r:: : :~:~~ ~~i;~;,~;; as ldfl lr as 8 10 I and l uuf! um,.•r (10/fll lia/s oJ III O rt' 1/um 10 w I . th r mw/1 s::::~!,;;:~;:s~:~~~~:;::!!~~~~~~::~~:~:~:~J ~~i;:;:~:~~~: : ~:~~::~~:::~~:: : :::.~~:!."~;,~~::: lll ilil)' r xp und. Per fo rm a nce ~ntl po tcntb l in a SJ\\ :II!cr p~d~t;e . . thi $ ;, 1h~ pr omi.-.( hciU out by th e new fn rn il)' o f • m~ll jet engines o f the JIIJ type nuw umkr d n ·dopnlcn l ~ od ! c~ t . Fai rchil d En gine Di• · i ~io n bas long lxcn n pioneer in .:l\'iJ1iun and a pi o neer jn powe r and is d c!.licared ro the smJ II jet en gine concCpt. ~ FAIRCHILD ENGINE DIVISION pa tt ern in performance: Ptlf or~r.::DC'C'btlK~)V(tin~ K !11! t Wcondodoa.ont- Wc rJ,h t ) t tl' c!rdl::r.cy nrd rdUbtlitf :u'C' pm= triuria, simpk od r cyrk ;>X bEt-' tcrr tu.lnrn-C'Gm;'lk; l)'LI:ra• for !'>o'')' toambrr• cr Cc ntvry IIQI:.:u- Fn:oa rdrrp:r;tticn •>-, . rr:r.t-fur :uzy ollhc.M' the :wt~ft cr:. P~ • .l na.o • ~ nn t'(IU:'It on S!r.~tt>l. Ortt of tk rt11.1 t::1 prn.J;~¢ ;u r,·r:ft 11:1 roto· d.nMi t:( ,S irliOOID S d:1~ . tk.-ckl rcdortdd<- I»Trt'd~"''nn · ~~ ~ ,:!J= ~~ ~~~:X..~ren,;:n~:~="T~':~:. ~7,;~ ('(.l<lb:ff:. moi!ll:rr M'p.u:uon. nn.abk u o nonk1. i:uq~:~l filO",troh fer t rm pc r :::u11rr~ now 1Ni ptn~ur~ ITl!Ullhon. prc• - w•,•:::t ~;:~ ~n::~~.f~~~f&;: :; • ;.:::- l. oo~ toStr'lt m for :~n Ofr,in• '. dknm: fOI ~t icn O til!tl Uo . .U o"'FtoM ft.>1 ~ 1 , l I ~ I.T W • u~r., llu :'IU' t 81Xlllcu ~ ·~ ~ " "' ~~~!;.~:,:;: ~:·....,...,..' Str ;~ t os builds n \'arie l )' of r quip!ncn t :~n ll con 1 pl ~t,· P'"'mn .l i•C ~y~L c nu for $ub-hunting p:..tr ol air rr.1 ft. lnd uJ r d :11~: r: rcc Pis ton Pne u m:~t ic StOIC Ej~c t o rs - Uslng th e f): li ~ Jll l' d . r ~· ~n St•c lo. " pr inci ple 10 hu riL!t-li r:II C sono bu oys ek:H uf lhL" airn ~ FI '"'h ou l en· ~~:~:; :E:~;~ ~ ir~~ ::~~!i.~ \ ~~.~!,,:' i.i: :~~~ ~~:~: , ;· ; ~..::;~ ~;:, : ~... A.ssocio 1cd eq ui pm ent such ~ 5 ~kin d iXJ t :t c lu ~hll>, t"-' lll · 1.._; · pr cnOt>. vn lv u ~nd inr cr,rnted n l nlrol s ys l rnn. S..-RATOs ~: :-:.:;·; :~::;: , '.~ :;\~ ·, : ;;;~ : ·.... l.lo ~ "->llM !l • ><~. C• Io l • t <>U•O ~ OT I' I O UfllO I• ;I HI "" "" (( o o •o ••l •tl ~ """ .. "'~''" ' ~... ~ .. \ '· • <~ ,,. ,,... c-.... .. ~ . ~~: . =~~~.~"';!'; ~~ ~ ~~~ . "''""' • ;tc u u . ' O UI# \. • ~ ~ Q.Q Q0'-() 90 tl -.~ ... .. : ~ ":, ,·· ~ '" . ~,. .,~, c...,,., r~ ~ ., I Ocln i! OI <O'"OI <!• :.~ ~ ~~ 1 <>• ~> • IUhOn Fairchild's Stratos Division designs and pro- duces aircraft air-conditioning systems, turbine drives, valves and pumps, cryogenics compo- nents, actuators and many other aircraft and missile accessories. Con51:lllt spo:cd :1ir tur bi ne d ri 1·es :nc :1 S1r:uos spcei Jh y- an outsta ndi ng feature: is thei r a bil l!)' to ho!d s pc~ d wit hin .:. or ~ or I % fro m no loa d to O l ' erl o:~ d condition$. P.:u1 ic ubrl y signirlc Jnt Jte th e: safr ty pt c e:~u t io n s dc.signrd i nt o t h ~~c ru gged units. Ucsidcs an i nh cn:nt ly so und de sign. c: ac h rn odd ineor- po r3 tcs an intcg rJ l Ol'c rs pet d pr otc-t: tion sys tem- ind qx: nd rn t o f l hc. go\·crrling system- wh ic h shuts d o wn the turb ine mceh :~ n k ally . Q,·r r- spcrd tri ps arc: of :;c1·cra! type s- so me n: :;c u ab h:: in ni ght - ~o lh Jt the bc.5t arr.~ ngc m en t for cJ r h instJlJJtioo e:~o be selected. f .-o r oddi t io nol informat io n o n Slr tJ /DJ " fhu D/ ci r u.., binr d,.",•rJ . ~> r>r r m : S'F'RA.'F'OS lltJIIIU If 11\ICII\1 I IIIII I IIIHUI UIPIIIIIU ~:.~ ~a.7 ~"~·.~ ~~·;.!;,~-;,! - sV.:... , c.. A"C.tn . e•Jo! Wuur n Oan ch : \ SOO llouclan> -" >' •- Lbnh otta n Ou : ~ . C>ll l S7r-A7rOSA DIVISION OF FAIRCHILD ENGINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORATION Main Plant: Bay Shore, L. 1., N.Y West Coa st Office: 1355 Westwood Blvd. Los Angeles, Calif. Western Branch : 1800 Rosecrans Ave. , Manhattan Beach , Calif. 9 ' pattern in performance: P ILOTL 55 AIRC 10 The Fairchild Guided Missiles Division designed and produced the Navy's Petrel missile, a sophisticated 9-ir-to-underwater weapon. Other accomplishments include shipboard radar systems for missiles, g1,1idance elements for the Goose weapons system, bombing radar simu- lators, and other electronics equipment. HOW TO IMPROVE A MISSILE'S IQ ~ FAIRCHILD II U II.I1 11L IIt t11 1111 • lfli.. IJIU .I UI II ....... LI• .fD/ o<o l.. o/To i-. 1 111/;.qi,.. ••I AJ,~-c.--•J. • ~ FAIRCHILD GUIDED MISSILES DIVISION • -WYANDANCH, LONG ISLAND, H. Y. A DI VISIO N OF FAIRCHILD EN GINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORAT I ON • . • P u s h ' Bult o n Gu i dan c e FOR THE REGULUS Shiplx» rd ~d;~ r , Uc.\isn cd :tnd produce-d b)' F~lf ~hol <l Cuodt d Miulla D i•· l~n n. mJh.~ pouibk 111<: comp!crdy ~utnmal" guul- ~ncc of the Hc g..,lu.._ i'o.uh-bulloo opc:1:.1ion cor ur~ • • ~ Lhc CO &J • n ur i ng complc ~ il)' o r l hil un ique ly 'l~ur, t c ;uid<lncc l)"~l< m , Sn •·cn..;.lilc ;, it.l inUJIIJlioo and ad•plJbili ly , t he l'air<:hihJ 5 1'0 ·1 r.11Jor I}"•Um i1 now in opc:r.lhon ,.jrh the rlc:c 1 ~ r ou nd the "'01ld . ~ FAIRCHILD \ .. uphi .. lic•ulc·cl UI'U(UIII The Fairchild Petrel Do mhc f' orm rd ,.jl h rhe nt"'' l'l it<: h;!d b;hty n upoieno! fer >u ch l ~p h i>licll <o.l l' <rrcl n oi u ilo Cl n rci< ~H l h< d <lo.lly "<>pen··. l h< N ovy "Y' · ''bi«h " " ·el!eu,.io.lethcpret<cH>'<"'•IIol l' c utlh O<I><c nfull yo;><-r:uio n>lfo r ,.,mc U.ip lxur o.l 1\A. Pcrrcl 1l,jn~1 fo r itul/ . · 10mc . h 11 > mh i<I"Orl of >~•·•need <I<< · ><<h ou r i11 o•ic li m ono.l >1,.1.<1 ..... ilh Ir on••• >n~ d ><l ns drlitn .. . •n nl h <r unnnny oc • ur>cy m •Jor<onl n buiiO nl oCu ln>l io:u lo.lc l <n>< ~ rc~r <! p<"rforn11 " ilh • drg r< t o l re i" · h)· F"orthold ~ -- -- FAIRCHILD """ ' ' """ '""'" . ...... .. ~ .... ,,,....' ,o . o/ f • HO >oiJ f"• <"' • •' · ~ " '' ' ' "'" "~ ' T Intr oduction \ ye ar mo re than a numb e r of day trun g too-ether. It i a separate e ntit y in time , a unit of hi stor '· \t t i me a yea r emero-e a more not e- worth y tha n it s fe ll ow be a u e of a iJ1gle eve nt of s tart lin g impact - Pearl H ar bor , the tack mar- k et cras h, the o- reat bli zzard. Thenceforth the yea r a nd th e eve nt are in se par ab le in tl1.e mi nd s of posterity. In t h e anna ls of av ia ti on, 1957 was uch a yea r. It might be termed the Year of the p u tni k. T h e la un c hin g of the frr t man-made o bj ec t into pa ce ,. -a a fore ig n ad1.i evement but it impact was wo rld- wide a nd n ow h e re wa it fe lt more t11an in the n_ited States. It brought home to a sorn nolent popul ace th e und en iable fact th a t no nation can re st on it s la ur eis and th a t maintenance of a posi- tion of wo rld lea der s hip i someth in g that rnu st be co ntinu a ll y nurtur ed . It awakened the p ubli c to a new a warene ss of the need for a s tr o n g n a tion a l def en e, a nd it h a lt ed a r e tro g re ss ive tr e nd in defen se th inkin g among tho e ch a Fgecl "' ith our n a tio n al sec urity. It h e ra ld ed, t oo , the clavvn of an er a of s pace co n- que st, Man's dream for a l ong· as he ha s had the intellig e n ce to co n s id er it. Even w ithout Sputnik, ho w ever , 1957 wo uld h ave be en a ye ar to remember. It was a year marked by bot h progre ss a nd prob l ems. The com mer cia l air lin es found then1se lv es be se t by continua ll y ri s in g costs in every phase of opera - tion , co upl ed wit h an un exp la in a bl e tr affic d ecl in e in th e l atter p a rt of th e yea r. t th e sa me time, the turbin e age of tran p ortation ca me a g iant step closer as m a nuf ac turer e ntered th e final phas es of production on the ne w turb ine ai rliners on order. The major pr ob l em for th e airlines was how to pay for so m e $2 -billion wort h of n ew eq uipment in the fa ce of declining revenues . In a n y other Amer i ca n ind u stry the an s wer wo uld h ave b ee n o b v ious - r aise the pri ce of the product. · H a nd- c uff ed by gover nm e nt regulations, the a irlin es co uld o nl y r eq u es t su ch a n in crease a nd hope that 1958 wo uld bring a way ou t of a major dilemma. General aviation found it se lf in a mu ch more op timi sti c position during 1957. The amazing g rowth of thi s segment of av ia tion, constant s in ce the end of 'N orld \ 1\ aT II , co ntinued it s s piraling climb. To the nlilitar y, the y ear was one of perplexit . T h e g uided ntissile blo sso med into m a turit y in s ome ph ases of defense . From a budget item ot . 21 -rnillion only s ix ye ars earlier, it became a giant amo n g s ecurit y expenditures , a $ 2-billion - produ ct in 1957. But although a number of missile s h acl reached operational st at u s, the mi ss ile was still tomorrow 's w eapon . Th e problem for the milit ary ,,, as to de v elop tornorrow 's defen se while m a intain- ing tod ay's force in being. It am ounted to build- in g t wo forces on a bud ge t inadequate for one, a task w hi ch ca lled for ne w breakthrough s in th e art of fi sca l acc ounting , a nd none were forthcom- m g. To the milit a r y's p a rtner in defense , the a ir cr af t indu s tr y, the year was one of contradiction a nd c onfusion. A t the st ar t of the year, the i ndu stry held a fairly st ro n g position. Employment was up , research a nd d eve lopm e nt was progre ss in g a t a n exce ll en t pace, a nd production wa s at a relatively hi gh leveL Then came the budget sq u eeze a nd wit h it cancellations , cutbacks, stretchouts , a nd reduc tions in progress payments which threw th e machinery of the n a tion 's a ir arsenal out of sy n- c hroniz a t i on. And ye t, de sp it e th e problems, the indu stry can point w ith ju stifia ble pride to a great m any so lid ga in s during 1957. T .hi s, th e 39 th ann u al ed ition of th e A ir cr aft Year Book a nd the fir st under the aeg is of American Av i at ion Public a tions , details tho se gains in a ne w format de sig ned for easy ass im- il a tion. Even the most casu a l perus al of th e pages to follow w ill bring h ome to the reader one s tron g impression: that an indu st ry w hich ca n boast the acco mpli s hment s covered her e in und er the mo st clifficul t of c ircum sta n ces need not accep t seco nd place in any te ch nolo gi ca l race, provided it is gi ven the s upport it n eeds frorn th e public a nd it s gov- ernme nt. The theme of thi s i ss u e of th e Ye ar Rook is "Problems, but Progress." " 10 (J) .. " 10 G) .. " 10 (J) .. AI .. ~ U) (J) , - 1957 was a record-breaking year in all categories as man flew faster, farther and higher than ever before. NONSTOP ROUND-THE-WORLD Three of five Boeing B-52 jet bombers landed in California on Janu a ry 18 c ulmin ating the first nonstop j et flight around the world. The 24,325-mile flight vvas accomp li shed in <15 hours 20 minutes, slashi r. g by one-half the previous record of 94 hour s set in 1949. Boeing KC-97's were used for aerial refueling . Flight Commander was Major General Archie Old , Jr. , Com- mander, 15th Air Force at March A FB. 13 ' . WEST-EAST RECORD On January 28, the Lockheed YC-l21F Constellation set a west-east record for commer- cial-type aircraft of 4 hours 41 minutes, Long Beach, California, to Andrews AFB, Mary- land. The aircraft averaged 490 miles per hour over the 23<10-mile route. C 0 N T I N E N· T S P A N N E D Prototype of Boeing 707, America's first jet airliner, arrives at Baltimore's Friendship Air- port a fter completing nonstop flight from Seattle in 3 hours L18 minutes on March 11. CONTINUOUS BLIMP FLIGHT The record-breaking Nav y blimp , ZPG-2\IV, app ro aches · Boca Chica field upon com- pletion o f it s fli gh t. Th e 343- foot Goodyear a ir ship se t a n ew wor ld re c ord for c on- tinuou s fli ght -more th a n 300 h o ur s- in mi.d-l\Tarch. BALLOON HEIGHT AND ENDURANCE Air For ce Captain ]. \ 1\T. Kittinger, Jr. , in a balloon, soared to an 18-mil e re co rd on June 2. T wo months "l ater, Air For ce Ma- jor David Simons topped this record by flying to I 02,200 feet for a high a ltitude endurance record of 32 hour s. Major Simons is pi c tured here a t the peak of his climb. 15 ,VOODOO BREAKS THREE SPEED RECORDS Air Force broke three speed records (previously held by Dougl as A3D and Chance Vought F8U-l) on November 27 in McDonnell Voodoo RF-101 jets (below). A new round-trip speed record of 6 hours <12 min- utes 6.9 seconds was set by Captain Robert Sweet, who also set a new east-west record of 3 hours 34 minutes 8.6 seconds . The new west-to-east record of 3 hours 5 minutes 39.2 seconds was set by Lieutenant Gustav B. Klatt ~ DOUBLE RECORD A Na , Dougla \ 3D twin jet atta k bomber ( l eft) cracked two peed record - in lat e :\llarch, fl y in g ro und-trip , Los \.n ge le s- Ne '\ York in 9 hour 31 minut e 35 .4 second for one ma rk , a nd a t- west in 5 hour 14 minutes 5 seco nd s . .~• I FSU-1 COAST-TO-COAST FLIGHT On Jul y 16 a Navy Chance Vought C rusader FSU-1 (above) sped across the cont inent to record the first of the year's two coast-to-coast records at an average speed of 725.55 miles an hour. Marine Major John Glenn, Jr., covered the 2<156-mile route from Los Ange les to New York in 3 h ours 23 minutes 8 and 4jl0ths seconds. 17 JET TRANSPORT DISTANCE AND SPEED A new distan ce and speed record for transport-type jet aircraft was set on November 13 when an Air Force Boeing KC-135 trans- port-tanker flew from Buenos A ires to Washington, D. C., in 11 hours 5 minutes a t an average speed of 469.5 mi l es per hour. The distance was ju st over 5200 miles. Genera l Curt is LeMay, Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force, was in command. 18 ,.....·" .,.o •• ..······~·:KAR ..·· OPERATION FIRE WALL ir For e !a imed a new wo rld spee d record on Decemb er 12 and cap ture I the Thomp so n Trophy,, hen a McDo nnell F-101A, flo"·n b ' Ma j o r \.dri an Drew, ch a lked up a n average s peed of 1207.6 mi les per hour a long a measured 10.1 -mile course a t Ech\·ard AFB, Cali fo rni a. The Officia l intern a tional speed record he ld previous ly b y the British , was 11 32. 136 mile s per hotu-. 19 During the year, the industry honored the men responsible for the remarkable advancement of aviation. Some of the major award- winners are pictured on these pages. 20 BENDIX TROPHY Pictured at the right, the Bendix Trophy is being awarded to Capta in Kenneth D. Chandler by M. P. Ferguson, President of Bendix Aviation Corp., while General Curtis E. LeMay (left), Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force, looks on. The Bendix Trophy Race this year >vas flown from Chicago to Washington, D. C., in a Convair F-102 and the winning time was 54:45.5 minutes at a speed of 679.053 miles per hour. HARMON TROPHY Lieutenant Colonel Frank E. Everest, Air Force (bottom right), was design a ted the winner of the Hannon Inter- national Trophy as Outstanding Aviator for his pioneer wor k in rocket aircraft as Director of Experimental Flight a t Edwards AFB, and as project director on the Bell X-2 re searc h aircraft, which he flew at over 1900 miles per hour. Lieutenant Commander :Ma lcolm D. Ross (bottom center) a nd Lieuten a nt Comrnander Morton L. Lewis, USN (l:iot- tom left) , received the Out sta nding' Aeronaut (lighter-than- air pilot) Award for their piloting of a m a nned balloon to the unofficial record altitude of 76,000 feet in connection wi th a s tudy of effects of the upper atmosphere on men a nd m a terial. OCTAVE CHANUTE AWARD The 1957 O ct ave C hanute Awa rd also went to Lieuten a nt Colonel Fr a nk Everest for "outstanding con tributions to the development of ro c ket powered flight test techniques. " 21 DR. ALEXANDER KLEMIN AWARD For contributions to helicopter developm e nt during his career a's a test pilot, the late Captain \ ;\fayne \IV . Eggert, Air Force (left), was awarded the Dr. A lex- ander Klemin Award by the American Helicopter Society at its annual Honors Night Dinner in \1\Tash- ington, D. C. KOSSLER AWARD Robert Suggs (above), President of Petroleum Helicop- ters, received the Kossler Award for the "most outstand- ing practical application o£ the helicopter" £ 01~ his ex- tensive development w ork in the use of helicopters in off-shore drilling operations. DANIEL GUGGENHEIM MEDAL For "notable achievements in the advancement of ae ronautics," Arthur E. Raymond (left), Vice Presi- dent, Engineering, Douglas Aircraft Co., received the 1957 Danie'l Gug ge nheim Medal. MA CKAY TROPHY Capta in Ive n C . Kincheloe, Jr., was aw arded the Ail' Force 's Mackay Trop h y £or 1956 in May 1957 for "acc omplishing the most meritorious fligh t" of 1956 b y a member of the Air Force, as a result o£ his altitude- record-se tting flight (126,200 feet) in the Bell X-2 research aircraft. 24 HONORED AT WRIGHT BROTHERS DINNER At the annual Wright Brothers ·Memorial Dinner in VVashington on December 17, these men were honored: the CollieT TTOphy was presented to Vice Admiral James S. Ru ssell (top left), Navy, and Charles ]. McCarthy, (top right), ·Chairm a n of the Board, Chance Vought Aircraft, Inc., for development of the FSU Crusader; Edwin A. Link (bottom right), Chairman of the · Board, Link Aviation, Inc., was recipient of the BTeweT Troph y for development of simulators and other devices, and establishment of Link Found at ion; and the · Wright BTOthers Nlemo! ·ial TmjJhy was awarded to Senator W. Stuart Symington (D., Mo.) (bottom left) for his many contrib~Itions to aviation over a number of yea r s. H. H. ARNOLD AWARD The A ir Force ssociati on 's H. H. Arno ld Award went to Edward P. Curtis for his out- standing contribut i ons " throu gh analysis and planning of a climate in which U.S . au-power can grow and flourish." C urti s was al so named "Aviat i on Man o£ the Year" at the Associa- tion 's 'go ld en anniversary convention m \1\Tas hington in Aug ust. SAE WRiGHT BROTHERS MEDAL The 1956 SAE \ 1\T right Brother s M ed al was pre sent ed in A pri l, 1957, to C. H. Zimmer- m a n, J a tional Ad vis ory Committ ee for A ero- nauti cs, for hi s p ap er entit l ed "So m e Gen e ral Consid era tion s Co nc erning VTO L A ir craf t." SPERRY AWARD The La"~>Hence \.. Sperry Awar d was presented to George F. Jude (right), Director of Flight Control Engineering a t Sperry Gyroscope Co., b y Dr. Ed- ward R. Sharp, President of the Institute of Aero- n autica l Sciences, for his "significa nt contribution to adva ncement of precision a utomatic flight con- trol a nd safe all- weat her flight." T H ·o M P S 0 N T R 0 P H Y Major Adr ian E. Drew was wi nner of the Thomp- son Trophy by fl yir;g his McDonnell F-IOl A Voo- doo to a new world s peed record of 1207.6 miles per hour on December 12. TURBINE PROGRESS America's turbine-powered transports came a step closer to passenger service during the year. DC-8 Final assembly operations on the Douglas DC-8 jetliner were tak- ing place at year-end and the first flight was expected early in 1958. First deliveries o£ the 180- passenger, 5000 mile nonstop jetliner were scheduled for early 1959. 707 STRATOLINER First production nwclel of the 600-mile-an-hour Boeing 707 Jet Stratoliners was rolled out from the Boeing plant in Renton, ~T ashington, in lat e October. It w ill be delivered to Pan American after flight testing and is clue to go in to service in early 1959. 880 Convair's 880 ( right) jet p asse nge r tr an ·port vvas in production at the San Diego plant at year- end. This medium-range a ir craft ,., ill cr uise at 615 mile s p er hour at a lt itudes up to 40,000 feet. F-27 FRIENDSHIP ELECTRA Decernber saw th e first flight of Lockhe ed's turbo-p rop Electra (left) at Burbank , California-one month ahead of schedu le. Slated for extensive te st in g, L ock - heed aimed for CAA cert ifi cation by September 30, 1958. Mont hs of planning and preparation brought out the first F-27 propjet liner, Fairchild's bid to capture the ferti le medium-range transport field. The aircraft -vvas being put throu gh gro und tests at year-enc~ in prep- a ration for a February flight. ~ F-27 SUPERSONIC BOMBER During the year, Convair entered into production on th e world's first l'vi ac h 2 bo mb er. T h e draw in g h ere shows detachable "pod" seconds after its release from the B-58 Hustler. DELTA DART The C o nvair F-106A all-weather interceptors were a 3 signed for operational use ~with the Air Defense Com- mand . H e re the Delta Dart touches down after maiden test flight in September. I ~tR FORCE IU- THUNDERCHIEF Republi 's F- 105 T hunder chi e£ fighter-bomber (above) was slated fo r service with . ir Force T ac tica l A ir Cornmand. Some of th e desig n inno va tion , like th e uniqu e swe pt-forw a rd air inlet du c ts , are visibl e in thi s unu sual photo of the Thunde1 :c hi ef go in g tr a igh t up. Thi s plane made its first publi c a ppearance in March. JETSTAR The Lockheed ] e tStaT jet utility transport (be- low) , po" erecl by two Bristol Orpheus engines, '' as undergoing instrumented aerial tests at year - encl. Second prototy pe will use four GE ]85 or . Fairchild ]8 3 engines. TT-1 PINTO The first production model of Ternco 's TT-l primary jet trainer is sho·wn (below) at Temco's Dallas plant being accepted by Navy's Lieuten- ant Cornmancler P. vV. Kerr. The Pinto was de- signed for a new training concept-all-jet flying for naval cadets . 29 Not only dramatic new planes, but the engines that powered them, made news during 1957. GE TWINS General Electric introduced its CJ-805, li ght -w eight high-thrust turbojet, which will find its first application in the Convair 880 jetliner. The military ·version, the ]79, which powers the Convair B-58, Lockheed F-l0 4A and other military aircraft , is in the 10,000-pouncl thrust class. 30 WESTINGHOUSE JS4 \ .Ve tin gh o u e took the wraps off its J5 4 turbojet engine, the re s ult of a compan spo n sored de\ elopment program. CURTISS-WRIGHT ZEPHYR The Curtiss-'Wri:ght TJ 38 Zeph yr wa s demon s tr a t ed publicly in !VIay . It features a ver y l 0vv nois e le ve l. 32 A LL ISON-AEROPRODUCTS TEAM Certification of the Allison 501-Dl3 Prop-jet engine and Aeroproducts 606 Turbo-propeller during 1957 laun c hed Allison Division of General Motors i nto the "home stretc h " phase of the first flight of th e Allison-powered Lockheed Electra. LIGHTWEIGHT ENGINE Pictured above is the Lycoming T55 en gine in a test cell. This engine , in b oth turboprop a nd heli c opter ersions, is li ghtest Amer ican a ir craft engine ever to a hieve 1 650-pl us . 1 ·,, ,1len t shaft hor se power . eq u ' NOW IN PRODUCT I ON . .1_ o us co mmer cial certifi cat i on of the Pra tt & vV hitne ·)' Sin·Ju tane . ( . 1 t) ,111 cl ]7 5 (left) en gmes by CAA OJ)ened the way J57 ng 1 , . . . . . : - . . ,.., ~ . . 1. . of these eng tnes to Boemg Em Its tOt senes and lor de tvet y Do u g las for th e DC-8. \ VERTICAL FLIGHT Intensified activity in the helicopter field and important strides in VTOL and STOL flight during 1957 were indications of the growing importance of vertical flight. PRESIDENT EISENHOWER GETS HELICOPTER SERVICE Aviat i on hi s tor y vvas m a de Ju1 12, 1957 , when Pre sident Eisenhovv er and st a ff Inem- ber s climbed into two Bell h e licopters (J-I-47 J' s) 'o n the White House la wn a nd were whi sked away to a secr e t sp ot as part of c ivil def e ns e exercise s. The even t marked th e first t ime an American pre s id en t ever h a d flown in a h e li cop t er or a single -engine aircraf t. JET VERTICAL RISING AIRCRAFT The \ir Force's pure j e t \ TOL re searc h pl a ne , th e R )a n X-13 ertijet ( bottorn ), an d Bell 's X-14- (top) ,,· ere both su cces fully flight-te s ted in mid- yea L The X-13 took off ' e rti cal l, a nd made tr a n s itions to high s peed horizont al flig ht . The X-14- ho ve red a nd fle" co n ve n- tionall y. PILOTLESS HELICOPTER FLIGHT L a te in July, a pilotle ss heli cop t er flight was made at Kaman A ir c raf t, adding th e 'c opte r 's uniqu e c apa - bilities to the ranks of gu ided mis siles a nd drone air p la n es. Directed by r ad io s ig n a ls fr om a co ntr o l sta - tion on the gr o und , th e r obo t heli co pter took off vertically, h ove r ed, flew forward, backward , s icl e " ·a rd <mel l a nded. li Jill I It (' 'I ll ft Vt II ~ { If tl •'lt /F1 BELL'S NEW SUPERPOWERED H-40 Cu lmin a tin g t wo years o{ d e velopment, Be ll's 1--:l- ·:!0 utility helicopter was successfully tested jn '57 . T h e H- ~H J has a top speed o[ 150 miles per hour , ca n ca rr y troops, litt ers or c argo, climbs vertica ll y at a rate o f 2 000 feet pe r mi11u te fr ont sea l ev e l and ha s a range of more than 2 00 mile s wit h Lull p ayloa d. ... 37 TILT-WING AIRCRAFT DEVELOPED Late in the year, Vertol Aircraft Corp. completed its Mode l 76 tilt-wing research an-- craft, funded by the Army and developed in cooperation with the Office of Naval Re- search . A lso, in Palo Alto, Ca lifo rnia, Hiller Helicopters continued development. of its X-18 Propelloplane. ONE-MAN HELICOPTER S FLY On Ja .nuar 1 1, Nav a nn o unc ed ucce s- ful Oi g ht of Hill e r's Rot or cle (ri o- ht ) a co ll ap ibl e a nd re adil ' portab le on e- man h e li or ter. A lso during 1957, the G ro cl yn e Compan co mpl e ted a eries of sue e fu l flights of the X RO N-1 Rotor c cle po ' ·ere cl b a Por cbe J 600 cc a utomobile engine . Th.i one-man heli c opte r was de ve loped und er a Bu . er contract for u e by the Marine Corp . ARMY AERIAL JEEPS During the sumnier, Army awarded three contracts for ducted fan aerial jeeps , which wi ll combi ne the ~ersa tilit y ·of conventional jeeps with the capab ili- ties o( hovering and fligl~t. Three com- panies in volved : Curtiss-,t\Tright subsidi - ary, Aerop h ysics Development Corp.; Chrysler Corp.; a nd Piase cki A ir craf t Corp. 39 VERTOL TWIN-TURBINE 105 FLIES First flight of the 105, using u.vo Lycoming T53B ' s, took pla ce a t Mo rton , Penn sy l vania, on Nove mber 20. The two engines ca n be us ed as a r et rofit o n the Vertol H-21 g iving it a 50 per c ent in c re ase in sp eed and a s ub s tantia l in crease in pay l oad . 40 HUGHES PROTOTYPE MODEL 269 D u r ing the yea r, the H ughe i\I ocle l 269 Ji g 1t n1 o-p lace h e li cop ter p ro tot yp e m a de it s fi A. 1 d tl 1 1 r·ec·le .t·?"r1e d fo1·· tJro cltt cti.o n o f: a n eva lu a tt. OI1 q u a ntit )'· u st 1g 1t an · 1e moe e wa , NEW RESEARCH VERTIPLANE Ea rl y in D ece mber , fir t ph otog ra ph s of a uniqu e r es e arc h a irpl a ne, d es ign ed to take off a nd J a11cl ve rti ca ll y, h over a nd Hy for wa rd , w ere rele ased b y th e A rm y, Nav y, and R ya n Ae ron a utic a l Co mpa n y. T h e Ve rtipl a ne is a level-lift de sign , c on v ention al in a p pe ar a n ce. 42 TEN YEARS AGO .. This is ,the rocket-powered Bell X-1 supersonic research airplane which introduced the "Rocket Age" ten years ago by flying faster than the speed of sound. The X-1 smashed the sonic barrier October 14, 1947, over Muroc Dry Lake, California. Speed on the first supersonic flight -vvas 670 miles per hour. FIFTEEN YEARS AGO .... T h e Be ll X P-59 A iracomet, America's first jet-propelled airplane, made its initial flight at Muroc AFB, California, in October, 19 4 2. It was powere_9 by two Ge neral Electric jet engines. 43 0 THIRTY YEARS ACO .... L . lb . h flew so lo In his single-engine R ya n Spirit of St. Louis, Charles me erg 1 , from New York to Paris on TVIay 21, 1927, making the trip in slightl~ ess than 33 hours 30 minutes. Thirty years later to the clay, Major Robxnson Risner took off from McGuire AFB in New Jersey in hi s Air Force-North A · s s b · 6 hours 38 mencan uper a re and flew a sli ghtly lon ger course lll minutes. FIFTY YEARS AGO .... T he 1957 A ir Force Association's National Convention climaxed the celebration of th e Golden A nniv ersar y of the Air Force. Shown is the Air Force family portrait, vvhich was the highlight of the Anniversary Banquet at the Sheraton-Park Hotel .._ A u g u st 1, 1957, left to right: First Row: Dr. Theodore VonKarman , M j Sgt. Horst Tit .C- tel, Gen . Na th a n F . Twining, Brig. Gen. Frank P. Lahm, 2nd Lt. Dennis R. La- Farlette, M rs. Henry U. Arnold, Gen. Carl A. Spaatz and Maj. Charles E. Yeager. Second Row: Gen. Erik Nelson, Lt. Col. James Jabara, Gen. George C. Kenney, Jac- qu e lin e Cochra n , Ge n. Thomas D. ·white, Eddie Rickenbacker, Col. Oakley G. Kelly and Co 1. Jo h n Mac re ady. Third Row: C )I. Francis S. Gabreski, Edna A dkins , Sena- t or 'N. Stuart Sym in g ton, Secretary of the A ir Force Ja"mes H. Douglas, Gen . Claire L. C henna ult and Ma j . James B. Gallagher. Fourth Ro w: Col. Paul Tibbets, Col. Bernt Balche n, Ge n. \ tV illiam H. Tunner, Gen. Thoma s D. i'viilling , J a mes Kindel- berger, Ge n. O tt o P. 'Weyland and Roscoe Turner. 45 It was a year of greatly increased activity in guided weapons. Here are some of the highlights. INFRARED SIDEWINDER Now in operation a l status with the fleet, the Navy's Sidewinder features a Genera l Ele c tric infrared guidance system which detects and homes on he at radiation from targets. - -- ·-- . :oziio - SNARK AND RASCAL TO SAC SepteJnber aw the ac tiv a tion of the ftrst mis il e s qu a dr on in the St ra t eo· ic .A ir Comma nd with in- "' trocluction of I ort hr op 's Snark missil e (right) . Bell A ircr a ft's Ra sca l (be l ow) e nt er ed S \C se rv ice l ate in the yea r. SUPERSONIC MISSILE TARGET For te ting m iss ile acc ur acy, Lo c kh e ed A ircraft Corporation clevel- ped the Q-5, a 39-foot Mach 2 target c!Tone which can be recovered b · par a hut e. 47 REDSTONE ON DUTY Army Redstone m.issile (below) went on active duty with activation of the 40th Field Artillery :M issile Group. The 69-foot Redstone, a surface-to-surface ·weapon, has a range of 200 miles. RE-ENTRY TESTS Successful re-entry tests were accomplished by Lock- heed's X-17 test vehicle (above) which reached a speed of 9000 miles per hour. PROJECT FARSIDE A ten-p o und in tr ume n t pa k ao- e ca p a ble o · telemetering sc ientific info.rm a tion was b la ted far be , nd th e a t.rno ph er e in O cto ber by a four-stage rocket 'ehicle. Air Force 's Offi e o( S ie ntifi c R esea r h ,,-a un ab le to detenn ine the precise distance of space pene- tr a tion , but it was b eli e el the ye hicl e re acl1 ecl a n altitude ben.veen 2000 a nd 4000 mile . 49 BOMARC INTO PRODUCTION The A ir For ce ordered the Bo ein g Bomarc (left) in to pr o du cti on for a ir d efe nse. The lo ng-r a n ge mi ss i le ca n be equipped ·with eith er a co n ve n t ion a l or "spec ia l" (i.e., nu cl ear) wa rhe ad. ANTI-TANK DART The Dart ( above) , a five-foot a nti-tank missile which fea tu res a smok el es s prop e ll a nt , wa s successfully · tested a nd pr o duction sta rted by U ti ca-Bencl Corporation. • FIRST NUCLEAR AIR-TO-AIR MISSILE D o Lwl as G e ni e, an air-to- a ir mi s ile \- ith an atomic warhead, was fired in Jul y from a Nor throp F-89] fi g ht e r inter ceptor_ Fi ve Air Force officer s tood directly beneath the blast to demonstrate l ack of "fall out_" VACUUM TEST CHAMBER Space-su i ted eng i ne er reached a s imulat ed al ti- t ude of 95 m iles in a vac u- um charnber developed by Litton Indu s tries, In c., Beverly Hills, California. Chamber's pr im ary use is to test missile components under nea r -v a cuun1 condi- tions . 51 REGULUS II Initial tests ·were made of ChancE Vought's Regulu s II , a larger , fas ter and lon ger- r a nging ver- sion of Regulus I already in fleet service. NIKE-HERCULES The Army brought to operational status an improved an defense missile, the Nike-Hercules. Weapon" was jointly developed by Douglas Aircraft Company and \IV estern Electric. It incor- porates a Thiokol solid propellant sustainer unit. MATADOR COMES BACK \ i\!Iarti n Matador floats gently to earth 111 a test of a controls-and-drag-c hut e kit . developed to recover test missiles and target drones. 53 BALLISTIC MISSILES Major interest was focused on development of the a ll - i mportant int ermed i ate range and inter continental bal- l istic missiles, th e Army -Ch rys l er Jupiter (left), the Air - Force-Douglas Thor (bottom right) and the Air Force- Convair Atlas (bottom left). Jupiter and Thor d e mon- strated exceptiona l accuracy in tests during the year after a few early fai lur es. At las was fired three times, once successfully. A ll tests were conducted at the Air Force M issile Test Center, Patrick A ir Force Base, Flo- rida. Late in the year, Jupiter and Thor ,., ere ordered int o production, with initi al deliveries to both U. S. a nd NATO forces scheduled for late 1958. In earlier stages of development were the USAF-lVIart in Titan, second of the ICBM's, and the Navy-Lockheed Polaris , an "FR~v[" (Fleet Ba lli stic Missile) of int ermed i ate range with submarine launching capabi lit y. - - ..... - SATELLITES In the ·wa ke of successful Sputnik launchings by the U.S.S.R., American scientists were hard at ' work in efforts to match the Russian achievem.ent. First a tt ern pt, with the N avy -Tviartin Vanguard ve- hicle, was unsuccessful as a malfunction of th e first stage propulsion unit d es troyed the vehicle on the launching pacL A t year-end, a second Vanguard was being readi ed for l a unching of a small, tr ans- mitting test p ac k age. Plans called for firing of an instrum en ted satellite in March. vVorking on a parallel program, the Army's Redstone Arsenal was readying a Jupit er C sa tellite vehicle. 55 Space limitations prevent including all of the important developments in the field of systems and components. Those reviewed here are repre- sentative of the entire industry . ELECTRONIC FLASH APPROACH SYSTEM A line of Hashing lights which guide a pilot to the center of the runway was developed by Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. of New York. The new system reconci les approach and lighting demand of tbe civil airlines and the Air Force. 56 AUTOMATIC LANDING SYSTEM Bell Aircraft's highly mobile Automat ic Carrier Landing Sys· tem uses a cornbinat i on of radio a nd radar to effect com.p l ete ly automat ic landing under a ll wea ther condit ion s. ARCTIC DEW LINE Pi c tur ed h e re is a ty pi ca l a uxiliar y s tation of th e ea rl y- wa rnin g r ad ar sys tem , sh ow in g th e modul a r c on s tru c tion o f th e build in g tr a in , the p las ti c r a d o rne w hi ch house s th e sea rch r a d a r a nt e nn a, a nd asso c iated to we r a nd di sh- typ e co mrnuni ca tion a ntenn a e . Bui lt for the A ir For ce by \ t\Te ste rn Ele c tri c C o., In c., A r c tic DE\1\T Line "\.v as co mp le ted in 1957 . AVCO SHOCK TUBE C r ea ti o n o f a sho ck tub e b y A v co R esear ch . L a bor a to ry led to the theoreti ca l s hort c ut th a t permitt ed n ose co n e d es ign to go a he a d ra pidl y b e fore ac tu al fli g ht tes t inf o rm a tion w as ava il a bl e . Sh oc k tub e e xper ime nt s cou - pl ed w ith A ir For ce fli g ht tes ts w ith L oc kh ee d 's X -1 7 r e-e n tr y tes t ve hi cle h ave b ee n th e pr in ci pa l so ur ces of su ch d at<\ . 5 7 AERIAL BOBSLED A new aerial bobsled ejection seat for jet aircraft, which pro- jects the pilot feet-first and on his back into the supersonic air- stream, was developed by Con- vair. SUPERSONIC ESCAPE Sa[e escape from co mb a t a ircra ft traveling m o re th a n 1500 mil es per hour is th e ob jec tive of this pilot ejec tion sys tem ( belo" ·) d eve l oped b Lo c kh eed ir cr af t Corp. The sys tem is act u a ll y a par achut e -equipped sea t with " ·ings a nd ta il fin s fo r ae r ody nami c sta bility. GROUND LEVEL EJECTION A major step in gaining the ultim a te in safety for pilots of high performance military a ircraft was d e monstr a ted with the ejec tion of a young British flyer from a Grumm a n Navy jet fighter that had just left th e ground equipped with a new typ e ejection seat (right). ' ... 0::.. I DUCTED- PROPElLER AIRCRAFT JET - POWERED VTOL XV-3 CONVERTIPLANE ··:;...--' XH-40 TURBINE- POWERED HELICOPTER BELL AIRCRAFT has kept pace with the need for greater operational mobility and flexibility in both military and commercial aviation by developing four basic types of VTOL (vertical-take-off-and- landing) aircraft- Studies and development work on a ducted propeller prototype have advanced to a point where this new design concept is fast approach- ing reality at Bell. The X-14 uses new principles of jet propulsion to take off and land vertically with the airframe in a normal horizontal position. Th e XV-3 convertiplane takes off like a helicopter, but as its rotors tip forward in flight, it becomes a normal, fixed wing aircraft. Tl:e XH-40 turbine- powered helicopter has substantially increased speed and payload and the ability to use a wide range of fuels. The skillful and imaginative type of research which was the forerunner of these projects is be- ing carried steadily forward at Bell Aircraft in the interest of still further scientific advancements in the commercial and military aircraft of tomorrow. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT and PRODUCTION IN THE FIELDS OF: Guided Missiles. Research Aircraft • Servomechanisms • Electronics • Rocket Engines • Electronic Control Devices • Vertical Rising Aircraft 60 M. STEINTHAL AND COMPANY, INC. NEW YORK OFFICE 22 2 Fourth Ave nue New York 3, N.Y. ESTABLISHED 1883 • ENGINEERING, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SERVICES BALLISTIC CONTROL OF SUPERSONIC VEHICLES TRAJECTORY CONTROL OF HEAVY WEIGHTS RETRACTABLE PARACHUTE SYSTEMS RECOVERY SYSTEMS AIRCRAFT DECELERA.TION PERSONNEL PARACHUTES SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT ESCAPE CAPSULES TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS AIRCRAFT SAFETY EQUIPMENT AERIAL DELIVERY PARACHUTES TECHNICAL SERVICES DAYTON OFFICE 2 71 Termin al Bld g ., Dayton Municipal Airport vandali a, Ohio WEST COAST OFFICE 137 Oregon St. El Segundo, Calif . AERONAUTICAL EQUIPMENT RESEARCH CORP. A DIVISION OF M. STEINTHAL & CO., INC •. 61 62 Complete ability to serve the Aviation, Missiles and Defe11se Industries A THOUSAN D PRODU~-~A MILLION IDEAs · AVIATIO N CORPORATION We believe it is a matter of fact that n o c ompany anywhere is more completel y equipp ed t o ser ve th e a v iation, missiles and defense indu s tri es t han B e ndix Aviation. These ·are the assets at y om· di s posal: EXPERIENCE- We were born and rai sed with the aircraft industry. Our particular abiJ!ty to anticipate its needs is a direct result of experi e nce. It's some- thing you can't buy on the open market. MANPOWER-Over 9,000 engin e ers, scie nti s ts and technicians with as broad a range of abilities as any group in the country. ENGINEEIUNG & RESEARCH- Ov er $ 100 million was expended on these functions in 195 7. PRODUCTION FACILITIES- Twenty-seven widely dispersed manufacturing faciliti es located coa st to coast employing 50,000 people. SYSTEMS PLANNING - The B e ndix Sy stems Divi- sion, Ann Arbor, Mich- igan, functions to coordinat e systems work and to gi ve you a s in gl e, centrally located c ontact. Th ese ar e th e fa c iliti es . \Vhat are y om· probl em s? 63 64 • • .choose Simmonds products 1 ELECTRONIC • HYDRAULIC • MECHANICAL Lightweight Pacitron Fuel Gage Systems: Fuel measurement and management systems incorporating l ates t technolo gical improve- ments . Consistent reliability and dynamic prog- ress are typified by the Lo ad Limit Control, C enter of Gr avity Control and new Tru e Mass ~uel G aging S ystem. Specific at ion of P acitron m la:est n:ilitary and commercial aircraft em- phasizes Simm onds' continued l eadership. Simmonds SU Fuel Injection Systems: The ?nl y advan_ced t y pe fuel injection system now 1~ product10n for medium h.p. gaso line en- gmes, the SU System has been proven in field tests to give econom ies up to 25%. Eliminates icing problems, gives improved cold starts. Precision Push-Pull Controls: Simmonds Pu sh- Pull Contr ols are positive, precise and rugg ed . Capable of he avy loa ds and accurate op eration under vibration, continuous cycling, temper atu re extremes, etc. Proved in millions of ;niles of service on_ a ~rcraft engines, pres- sunzed doors and ~ec1ahzed applications. Cowling and Access Latches: lleavy duty flush fitting aircraft latches for installation on cowlings and access panels. Two-piece toggle type, available to fit a wide range of structural curvatures; for attachment of plastic radomes, etc. Liquid Level Sensing Systems: Working independ ent ly of the fuel gage system this thermistor sensing system indicates accu;ately the precise time at which fuel, oil or other liquid goes above or below any designed level. It also automatically stops or starts pumps or valves to transfer the liquid from one tank to another. The system is rugged, has no tubes or moving parts, is light and compact. Oper a tes on military aircraft fuels and oils. Si1~1Y1onds AEROCESSORIES, INC. General Offices: Tarrytown, New York Branch Offices: Detroit, Michigan • Dayton, Ohio • Washington, D.C. Dallas, Texas • Wichita, Kansas • Glendale, California • Seattle, Washington Sole Canadian Licensee: Simmonds Aerocessories of Canada Limited • Montreal 65 What's Doing at United Aircraft? PRATT & \NHITNEV AIRCRAFT J-75 J-57 T-34 R-2800 Jet engines for many types of modern U.S. military aircraft ... Commercial jet engines (JT3 and JT4) for Boeing 707s, 720s and Douglas DC-Bs ordered by U. S. and foreign airlines. Turboprop engines for large military transports. R-2800 piston engines for today's modem airliners. HAMILTON STANDARD ~ ~ PROPELLERS JET AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS Hydromatic propellers for current airline installations throughout the free world ... Hydromatic and Controllable propellers for many types of military aircraft. Equipment (starters, fuel controls, air conditioning systems, pumps, valves) for more than 50 types of turbine-powered aircraft and mis- siles. Electronic products for missiles and manned aircraft. SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT S-55 S-58 S-56 Helicopters for the armed forces of the U.S. and most of the free world, for industrial operators flying on all continents, and for scheduled passenger, cargo, and mail service in the U. S. and Europe. In all divisions of United Aircraft, facilities are being expanded. The large corporate investment in the facilities and extensive research and development activities are repre- sentative of the emphasis being placed on planning for the future. United Aircraft Corporation EAST HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT 66 ARTWORK BA SED O N OFFI C IA L U . S. N AVY PHO TO GRA P H NEW HORIZON·S ARE AHEAD FOR MANNED AIRCRAFT N o matter how far man's techni ca l ab ilit y ma y soar , he himself has one faculty that no machine ·will ev er duplicate-th e ability to mak e a co mmand decision ... to meet an emerge11cy or mak e th e mo st of an opportunit y . · This unique power - implemented by higher performance airplanes -may very well m ak e the manned aircraft of the future our most versa tile, flexible, accurate weapon. Though the new strategic missiles will be mighty buttresses to our nation's defense, we also need 1nnnnecl weapon systems for maxinntm security. These new aircraft will fly so fast, so high, so N A E I far that they will be the forerunners of manned spacecraft. They will be able to bomb any target on earth with pinpoint precision- or to launch a missile from the edge of space. Such aircraft are now being developed at North American. To this vital task North American brings the experience gained in building more supersonic aircraft than all other companies combined. In manned and unmanned aircraft ... in rocket engines ... in automatic control systems ... in nuclear reactors ... North American Aviation and its divisions are constahtly forging ahead into the fields of the future. A . A w k_~Los Angeles, Canoga Park, Downey, California; Columbus, Ohio; Neosho, Missou r i 67 68 AMERICA'S "BIG STICK," the Boeing B-52 nuclear weapons carrier_ It is the fastest, most advanced bomber now in service. B-52 j et bombers hold the round-the-world nonstop record, 4-5 hours, 19 minutes, and are the spear - head of the Strategic Air Command's long-range retaliatory defense force. BOEING BOMARC IM-99, supersonic long-range defense missile. Part of a complete, Boeing-managed weapon system, it is launched automatically, and is capable of seeking out and destroying approaching enemy aircraft before th !Y reach U. S. border s. Now in production for the Air Defen se Command. AMERICA'S FIRST JETLINER, the 707-and its shorter-range sister ship, the 720-by Boeing, world's most experienced builder of multi-engine jet air- craft. First deliveries of the 707 will be made in 1958. First 600-mile-an-hour Boeing 707 service will be offered by famous airlines in 1959. BOEING KC-135 is both aerial tanker f jet bombers and fiahters and J. et-age A G_J: b ' ~l.t· Force transport. The KC-135 holds · transport nonstop-without-refueling l' Jet ord: 6,350 miles over indir ec t routes fr~C Westover AFB, Mass., to Buenos Airetl) Air Force made return 5,204-mile flight ts. W ashington ; D. C. in 11 hours, 5 minute 0 s. Revolutionary design ... and accuracy to ~o per hour In a fully maneuverable twin gyro pl a tform utili zing completely new gyro design principles, Sperry has achieved unprecedented acc ur ac ies in heading information and all- attitude fli ght. The flist of these new Sperry systems will soon be delive red to the Air Force's Wright Air Development Center. This Sperry system provides azimu th drift rate as low as 1/ 4 ° per h our , and in the vertical axis, 1/10° per min- ute. The u se of twin directional gyros and new design technique permits thi s extreme accuracy as it minimizes the disturbance torques inherent in con- ventional gyros. The low drift in the vertical axis minimizes turning error- permits freedom from erection control for longer periods of time. Coupled with doppler radar naviga- tors, the CEP (Circular Error Probable) is m aterially reduced due to exceed- ingly low drift inertial heading feature. T he ine rtial heading output permits it h er Great Circle or Rhumb Line fli gb t paths. The compactness of the twin gyro system m akes it extremely reli ab le and easy to maintain. No warm-up period is required due to the balanced thermal co nstruction and the a bsence of fluids. The twin gyro platform has been de- signed to provide control information for complete an d full maneuverability of high-performance aircraft without limit. Its full stabilization in all atti- tudes makes it especially adaptable for Low Altitude Bombing Systems, fighter maneuvers a nd missile applications. Write our Aeronautical Equipment Division for furth er inform a tion. FEATURES Lo w Random Drift In ertial H ea ding Great Circle or Rhu mb Lin e Output No Gimbal Error Low Turning Error Multiple Roll-Pit ch -H ead ing Output Compact Ru gge d No Warm-up Tim .e Light Weight Platform ....... .... ......... .. ... .... . IS lbs. Servo Amplifiers and } ········ · ·· 8 lbs. Heading Computer AERONAUTICAL EQUIPMENT DIVISION SP(R RY G'!~S::,! ;~~~!"DIVISION OF SPE R RY RAND COF<PORATION 69 THE NEW AGE OF SPACE IS HERE Continental, a great name in power, offers advanced development and modern manu- facture to those requiring turbine power plants for helicopters, fixed wing air- craft, or ground applications. The models pictured are now ·in production. 0 In today's Air Force, men with technical training are flnding Opportunity with a capital "0." Security, advancement, regular 0 pay increases, and retirement offer strong inducements to the qualified enlistee. For the facts, address: Airman Information, 0 U. S. Air Force, P.O. Box 7608, Washington 4, D. C. CONTINENTAL AVIATION & ENGINEERING CORPORATION 12700 KERCHEVAL AVENUE, DETROIT 15, MICHIGAN SUBSIDIARY OF CONTINENTAL MOTORS CORPORATION 7 0 From San Francisco to the dark edge ol outer space On June 15, 1913, with its designer-builder, Allan Lockheed, at the pilot's controls, the first plane to bear the Lockheed name made a 20-minute flight over San Francisco Bay-at a speed of 60 mph. Today's Lockheed X-17- tbe U.S. Air Force's fastest missile-can rocket its way from sea level high into the ionosphere, to the dark edge of outer space, in less than one minute. Lockheed , now deeply en- gaged in electronics, nu- clear research, ultrasonic aerodynamics, missile tech- nology, rocketry, and outer space investigation, will continue in the years ahead to make important contri- butions to every phase of flight. Other projects to which Lockheed scientists are also dedicated will broaden man's knowledge of the unknown and enrich the peoples of the world. LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION * *The present Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, which bought the previous Lockheed company in 1932, is one of America's 100 largest industrial companie s. LOCKHEED znea.ns .leadership 71 MODEL A65 .. ....... . .. ... . C90 . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . 0-300 - A&8 .. . . . ... . * 0-470 - 15 . . . . . . 0 • ••• G0-300 . .. . . . . . .. .. . 0-526 . . .. .... . .. . . *0-470 - 13A .. . .. . .. . * 0-470-2 . .... .. . . . . . 0-470-K&l. .. .. . . . . . 0-470-M . . . . . . .... . I0 - 470-C . .. . . . .. .. . FS0- 526-A. (Helicopter) G0 - 526 ....... . , . , .. GS0-526-A . . . . . .. .. . * For military use. 72 HP 65 90 145 213 175 225 225 250 230 240 250 270 290 ·320 RPM 2300 2475 2700 2600 3200 2300 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 . 3200 3200 3000 NO. WT. CYL . COMPLETE 4 168 4 184 6 287 6 405 6 312 6 428 6 415 6 474 6 404 6 409 6 432 6 568 6 408 6 523 FUEL OCTANE 80 / 87 80 / 87 80 / 87 80 / 87 80 / 87 80 / 87 80 / 87 100 / 130 80 / 87 91 / 96 91 / 96 91 / 96 80 / 87 91 / 96 L POWER MODEL 0-470-K Behind the growing dependence on air- planes as adjuncts to business is the fact that for company after company they are more than paying their way. As ptoneer and leader in utility aircraft power, Con - tinental Motors finds solid satisfaction tn its role as engine source for the outstanding planes of this type . It has every reason to believe that the performance of these engines -their power, economy and depend- ability as proven in thousands of hours of flying-has been not only a major factor in the leadership of those aircraft, but one destined to assure their ever-wider use. Giani landing gear lest facility is 60 feet high. It simulates conditions that heavy, high-speed planes actually meet. BENDIX SHOOTS LANDINGS INDOORS · TO HELP PRODUCE BETTER LANDING GEAR SYSTEMS When designing and producing com- plete landing gear sy stems it is vitally important to know in advance just how every component part will respond to the stresses and strains of flight conditions. That's why the giant landing gear testing equipment pictured above plays such an important part in the develop- ment and production of Bendix* com- plete landing gear systems. Ber1dix PRODUCTS DIVISION All major components that make up the system such as control valves, nose wh eel stee ring, retractor actuators, power brak ing as well as wheels, brakes, shock absorb in g struts and even tires are subjected to repeat ed tests of brak- ing, dropping, twisting and vibration before final approval. For Bendix has proven over many years that landing gear components South Bend, INn. that have been designed, engineered and tested to \-vork together give better and more dependable performance than any arbitrary assembly sy stem. So, when it comes to gear for land- ing, think and plan in terms of a com- plete landing gear system. Then , we suggest you think of Bendix and Bendix Products Division at South Bend, Indiana. *REG. U.S. PAT . OFF .: , !VOH/ YOL/ IIONT THE F.,IOS Furious speed . .. smashing primal power ... overwhelming persuader for peace, this new Thundercraft*, more than any other ... is designed to deliver Tactical Air Command's com - posite air strikeforce knockout punch at any target, any time! FARMIN G DAlE , tONG ISlAND , N Y . 74 Model Numbers ... . .......... CM-710 CM-350 CM-160 "PIIustrated) Total Length (in.) • • ••• • ....... 13.3 11.8 9.7 Min. Height 3.1 2.9 2 . 5 AiResearch Cam-Piston Air Motors function with complete reliability at extr~me temperatures-require no conventional lubrication or cooling (in.) ...... . . . .... Max. Oio. Envelope (in.) ... • •• Weight (lb.) ......••........• Output at 200 psig supply pressure and 1200 rpm (hp) .• • . Starting Torque at 200 psig supply pressure (inch-pounds) • • . 4.0 3.2 2.5 22 15 .5 7.5 18.5 9.1 4.2 1800 890 400 Here are air motors that op e rat e dependably far beyond the te mp er a- ture limits of electronic and hydrauli c units. U s ing bleed air a s a sourc e of en e rg y , the output of the air motor is almo st linear with inlet pressure , allo\vin g maximum · efficiency throu gh a wid e range of operating conditions. Hi gh horsepower and torque to w e i g ht ratios are obtained by di s pl ace- ment volume per revolution exceed- ..... in g the over a ll v olume of the motor. Motor ac cel e ration is extremely fa t - l ess th an .05 second in most app licatio ns. Low rotating speeds- fro m 10 0 r pm to 2500 rpm- make ge ar r edu ction unnecessary and mini- mize problem s of over-speed control , r ota tion al s tr esse s and wear. Fl ex ibility of the basic design allows fo r a wide r a nge of motor sizes - from l ess than l hp up to 300 hp- depe ndin g on th e available pressure supply. Length vs . diameter shape can be changed by varying the num- ber of pistons and/ or the piston diam- eter and stroke. When coupled with a ball sc1·ew which may retract within the full length of the motor shaft , the cam- piston air motor has wide application as a compact, high-performance linear actuator in high te mperature pneumatic power control sys tem s. Your inquiries are invit ed. • Otttstanding opportuniti es for qualifi ed engin ee rs THE GARRETT ~ CORPORATION ?li Research Manufaduri ng Divisions Los Ang eles 45, Cal£forn£a .. . Ph o e ni .~ . A rizo na Des ig nerS anti manufa c tUr e rs of aircraft and missile systems (lll.d C0 1np 0 1t C/I.t S: REFRIG ERATION SY S TEMS • PNE U>IA TIC VALVES ANO CONTR OL S • TEM P ERATURE CO NT RO L S CABIN AIR COMPRE SSO RS • TURBINE MOTORS • GAS TURBINE ENGINES • CABIN PRESSURE CO NTR OLS • IIEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT • ELECTR~ME:CII A NIC A L EQU IPM E NT • ELECTRONI C COMPUT Ef!S AND CON T ROLS 15 -- ~ .r- STUDENT PILOT$ ~ 0 .!••·.e:o .;;. ) INSTRUMENT ..... .a~ CO f)8'0'0 j PANEL. ·_ ; ~.GA. ?; <'· ~·· -·• - -- SIMPLE ARITHMETIC-It costs approximately ten thousand dollars to send a student through college today, but more than ten times that amount to give a young man the superlative training that he must receive to become an Air Force pilot. A saving in either expense would be welcome to most Americans. Northrop Aircraft is doing something about reduction of national defense costs by applying "dollar engineering" to planning and pro- duction of new weapon systems. Latest Northrop achievement is its supersonic T-38 jet trainer, a simple, lightweight airplane capable of using any improved airport. Costing less to produce, fuel and maintain than other airplanes with comparable performance, the T-38 can save American taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars in pilot training. This T -38 jet trainer . .. and the Snark SM-62, world's first intercontinental guided missile ... are noteworthy developments of the budget-minded research, engineering and production teams at Northrop. I NS TRUCTO R'S INSTRUME t\.-:- PA NORTHROP NORTHROP AIRCRAFT , INC , • BEVERLY HILL S, CALIFORNIA Builders of the First Intercontinental Guided Missile TYPE 21A ADF WEIGHS ONLY 19.7 POUNDS Component Unit Weights: Receiver, 6.8 lbs.; Loop, 4.3 lbs.; Loop Housing, 0.5 lbs.; Indicator, 1.3 lbs.; Control Unit, 1.6 lbs.; Power Unit, 5.2 lbs.; CAA Certificate No. 1 R4-9 U.S. Military: AN/ ARN-59 British Certificate of Approval VC·78 World-Wide navigation aid The Time · Tested ADF Now in Les.s Weight, Less Space The ADF is a basic air navigation instrument, used in all parts of the world, turnable to some 60,000 tr an s- mitters. But the important thing now about the ADF is that ARC has engineered an ADF system down to less than 20 pounds in weight, with a com parable saving in space. Now pilots enjoy the advantages of dual installations of this compact miniaturized equipment in tolerable weight and space requirements. The ARC Type 21A ADF is built to today's more critical speed and environmental demands. It has her- metic sealing of vital components, such as the entire loop assembly. It covers all frequencies from 190 kc to 1750 kc ... operates on only 2.8 amps at 27.5 volts de input or equal power at 13.5 volts. A significant feature is the extremely low loop drag-only two inches out- side the aircraft skin. Ask your dealer for detailed literature. Dependable Airborne Electronic Equipment Since 1928 jllrcraft Radio Corporation aooNtoN, NEw JERsEY Omni/loc Receivers • Course Directors LF Receivers and loop Direction Finders • UHF and VHF Receivers and Transmitters (5 to 360 channels) ';JO-Channellsolation Amplifiers • High Powered Cabin Audio Amplifiers • lnterphone Amplifiers • Omnirange Signal Generators and Standard Course Che ckers • 900-2100 Me Signal Generators 71 78 Here at McDonnell Aircraft Corpora- tion our new "Engineering Campu s" is providing our engineers with a new · · kind of work environment for creative thinking and effective achievement. Now completely built and occupied, the Campus comprises facilities of, by and for engineers. The "Engineering Campus" program IS our direct-action pledge to our engineers- those now at McDonnell and those who will join them -that for creative engineers we are determined to maintain and develop further an environment that fosters the sort of creative achieve- ments on which continued progress dep e nds. We invite qualified engmeers to m- ve stigate JOmmg our team of the able st minds in aeronautics- united in making fundamental progress in advanced airplanes, missiles and heli- copter s - by writing our Technical Placement Supervisor. McDONNELL AIRCRAFT LAMBERT-SAINT LOUIS Municipal Airport, Box 516, St. Louis 3, Mo. Avco Avcoroday Avco makes things beHer for America Avco is a builder of quality products for the commercial economy and high- performance military systems for national defense. Gas turbine and reciprocating aircraft engines, electronics systems, farm implements, kitchen components and the Nose Cone for the Air Force Titan Inter continental Ballistic r 'lissiles are being produced by Avco today. There are many products that identify A vco. All of them display distinguishing characteristics of A vco workmanship ... skill, dependability, resourcefulness. And A vco's first order of business is to make things better for America. THIS IS AVCO Avco today is a diversified organization whose products include aircraft power plants and structures, electronics for defense and industry, and specialized home and farm equipment. Avco's divisions and subsidiaries are: Lycoming-aviation, marine and industi-ial power plants ... Crosl ey-e lectronics systems and aircraft structures ... Research and Advanced Development ..• American Kitchens ... New Idea and Ezee Flow-specialized farm equipment ... Crosley Broadcasting Corporation ..• Moffats Limited (Canada)-commercial gas and heating equipment. Avco Manufacturing Corporation 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Ye f Auxiliary Power Systems Liquid and Solid Propellant Gas Generators Turbines, Pumps, Gearbo 'f~S , Controls Brush less Alternaton Electrical Components Ground Suppod Equipment 80 B-4"7 Canberra. Eo marc Hustler Ra.soa.l Lark Sergeant Titan. turbo1 -machinery for missiles and. aircraft Aerojet-General Corporation offers 15 years of unequalled experience in the development and manufacture of turbo - and electrical machinery for airborne vehicles--an organization with complete capability in the field. turbo-machinery division CORPORATION A Subsidiary of The General Tire & Rubber Company AZUSA AND SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA Aerojet offers excellent opportunities in the turbo-machinery field. Resumes invited. At Te:~nco past per:for:~nance is the best index to , future achieve:~nent · At Temco, more than a decade of planned progress has: resulted in an accumulation of know-how and productive capacity that makes Temco's capabilities complete from basic design to precision production. During these years of growth, Temco's skills and specialized equipment have been applied to the completion of projects that included such diversified opera.tions as electronic and guidance systems, complete aircraft, missiles and weapons systems, launching equipment, turbojet engine components, and the design and production of major components for almost every leading U.S. aircraft manufacturer. Temco's accomplishments in the future will reflect the experience gained in past performance. If your business is with anything that flies, look to Temco for complete capability and reliability from development through production. AIRCRAFT CORPORATION • Dallas, Texas 81 THE INDUSTRY T O N indu s tr y whid1 h as ne ver known normalc y, 1957 must be clas s ed as an except i ona ll ab n o rm a l ear. It "as a year d1 ar ac terized b y confusion and contra- d i ct io n on th e part of the rna jor cu s tomer , the armed forces, and a y ear which brought abo ut radical ch anges in co nu-acting procedure s whid1 at times threw the indu s tr y o ut of t empo . It ,. as, o n the one h a nd , a frustrating y ear, ye t despite the handicaps of officia l un certa int , some ve r y so lid gains were realized. At the start of the ear, the s itu a tion might ha ve been termed relati v el y routine. Pwduction of military equipment was pro cee din g a t a reasonably high level. Com- mercial a nd other ci il aircraft production ,.,as also on the up swing. Progre ss v,ras b e in g made in severa l imp ortant a.r ea - of r eseaTd1 and de ve lopment. Emplo y ment wa s o n a ri s in g sca le, read1ing abo ut 910,000 b y early summer. Then ca me a seq u e n ce of e ·en ts "hich toss ed out the window the hopes for an orderly pr od u c tion pro g1· am. The trouble sta rted in tJa , when the D epartme nt of Defen se reali zed th a t its ~·ate of expe nditure s ·wo uld put spending we ll a bove th e imposed $38 -billion spend- m ? _l eve l. Indu s tr y was inform ed that ther e wo uld nece ssaril y be major changes in nuiitar y co n tr ac ts. Shortly afterward, progress payments were sharply curtailed and defense co ntr ac tor s were instTucted to r e du ce overtime to a bare minimum. At the same time, it w as decided that th er e would b e increa sed emph asis on missiles, but only a t the expense of manned aircraf t pro grams, a de cis ion which further compli- ca ted the production prog1·am. In Jun e, co ntr acto rs s ummon ed to ' •Vashin gto n ,.ve re forewarned that some drastic 84 economies were in the offing. In the next two months there followed a series of cut- backs, stretchouts and cancellations in both aircraft and missiles, affecting practically every category of the industry effort except ballistic missiles. This forced contractors to reduce personnel in large numbers, retire certain facilities, cancel or stretch out subcontracts and lower costs in whatever other manner they could. In September, it was found that even these drastic measures were not enough, since expenditures had not been suf!iciently decreased. In another move of major impact, the Air Force stated it would be forced to limit payments to contractors for work done to the extent necessary to stay within the expenditure rate. The con- tractors were expected to finance the difference themselves, which would require heavy borrowings, but the interest on the loans would not be an allowable item of cost. The Navy planned similar measures, and the industry estimated that the total amount of financing required would run to a billion dollars. It appeared that still further stretchouts and cancellations would become necessary. In late October the situation was alleviated to some extent by the new Secretary of Defense, Neil H. McElroy, who stated that the government would pay its bills on time, but that contractors would be asked to finance a great portion on their inven- tories and work in progress. The industry learned that progress payments would be at a rate of 70 percent and that companies would be encouraged to finance up to 20 percent of cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts. The nev.r policy, while it imposed hardship in some cases, was generally felt to be acceptable ami. one which would at least permit more orderly planning. The impact of the stretchouts, cutbacks, cancellations and economic restrictions was felt in earnings for the year, although sales were not significantly affected. For the first nine months of the year, the 12 major airframe companies reported a sales increase of more than a billion dollars, from a 1956 figure of $3.8-billion to $4.9-billion. Earnings increased less than $8-million during the same period, from $ll2.6-million to $120.1-million. Earnings for the 1957 nine months were only 2.4 percent compared with 2.9 percent for the comparable 1956 period. Aircraft Industries Association estimated that sales in 1957 totaled $11.5-bil.lion, compared with $9.5-billion in 1956. At the same time, production of military aircraft declined from 6800 units in 1956 to slightly more than 5000. The increased sales were due in part to increased output of guided missiles and greater deliveries of commercial aircraft. Commercial sales topped the $2-billion mark for the first time in history and were up more than $500-million over 1956. A major factor in the sales increase was inflation. The price index for aircraft materials averaged 152.0, compared with 109.2 in 1950. Average hourly earnings were $2.36, compared with $2.27 in 1956. Although the military was still by far the industry's best customer, the propor- tion declined slightly due to increased commercial activity. Where 1956 deliveries to the military represented 85 percent of the industry's total sales, the proportion dropped to 82 percent in 1957. Commercial aircraft deliveries declined in numbers from 7205 units in 1956 to 6850 in 1957, but there \vas a sharp increase in dollar value. AlA estimated commercial sales of $725-million in 1957, compared with $4511-million in 1956. The backlog of unfilled orders at the end of the third quarter, latest date for which figures were available, was $14.4-billion, compared with $18.4-billion for the same period in 1956. About $3.8-billion, or 36 percent, was in commercial orders. After the peak of 910,000 in early summer, employment started a steady decline to a year-end estimate of about 800,000. Average for the year was 880,000, substantially higher than 1956's 811,000. Despite a year of uncertainty and fluctuating fiscal policies, the industry could point to a great many substantial achievements, some of which are detailed in the following pages. A company-by-company summary follows. AIRFRAME AND MISSILE MANUFACTURERS AERO DESIG~ AND ENGl!.~EERING COMPANY In February the company added the ::\lode! 560E ;_o its Commander lamily and shonly therealter the E was added to the .-\ero's approved type cer- ti lica te. The E model was a more powerful version of the normal Commander. It "·as powered by two ~!)5 horsepower high compression engines and car- ried a gross load of 6500 pounds. For increased performance, the E feawred a longer "·ing than predecessor models. The company secured additional space through lease of a hangar at :Mustang Field, El Reno, Okla- homa. lt was put to use for storage and modifica- tion work in early 1957. In 1\Iay, Aero received an Army order for two Aero Commanders equipped with "side-looking" radar. The plane type was designated RL-26D. The company also developed a photographic and survey modification of the Commander. BEECH AIRCRAFT CORPORATION Heechcraft's 25th Anniversary year saw new sales records. militarv 1)roduction o·ains licensino- of a • J b ' b new business plane, se\·eral outstanding aeronauti- cal engineering achievements and a general expan- sion of all aviation research, development and man- ufacturing activity. Total commercial and military sales for fiscal 1957, ending September 30, were nearly $104-mil- lion-up some 39 percent over 1956. Commercial sales during the year reached a new high of approximately $35.7-million, compared "·ith its previous record totals of S32.09l-million for fiscal 1956 and $27 .246-million for fiscal 1955. Sales of military aviation products soared from S42.4-17-million in fiscal 1956 to more than $68- million in fiscal 1957. Unit sales during the year curved upward for the company's business aircraft models-the eight- place Beechcraft Super 18 executive transport, the six-place Beechcraft Twin-Bonanza twin-engine air- plane, and the four-place Beechcraft Bonanza single-engine plane. The year 1957 also marked introduction of the company's first supercharged business plane in the Twin-Bonanza series, the Model E50 powered by two 3L10 hp superch;;J.rged Lycoming engines. In March the company delivered its 5000th Heechcraft Bonanza for business and industry and later in the year announced that a substantial fleet of new Bonanzas had been acquired for use in con- tract instrument training of Army aviators. De- livery of the 300th Beechcraft Super 18 in August brought to more than 6600 the total number of units in the :Model 18 series delivered to military and commercial customers since the prototype flew in 1937. On June 18, the CAA issued Type and Produc- tion certificates for the new Beechcraft (Model 95) Travel Air, the company's first entry into the four- place, twin-engine business aircraft field. Initial deliveries of the 200-mile-per-hour Travel Air were made in November. For Beech Aircraft, the ?vlodel 95 added a fourth business plane to its commercial line and enlarged market selection of aircraft in the S40,000 to $60,- 000 price range. Beechcraft on August 3 announced that the new Travel Air, with standard equipment, would list for $49,500-a price non-competitive with the company's three other models. Beechcraft's "pay-as-you-fly" sales and lease pro- grams combined had resulted in $6.206-million worth of retail business by the end of fiscal 1957. In addition, Beechcraft's special "floor plan" for distributors and dealers had produced a total of more than $12.762-million in new airplane sales. On :March 18 the company started its ninth an- nual nationwide "Beechcraft Safety and Efficiency Clinic," an aircraft inspection service for Beech- craft owners. During l 957 alone more than 1500 Beechcrafts received free maintenance checks at various distributor locations. Foreign interest in the Beechcraft (Model 73) Jet :Mentor continued to mount. The company award- ed rights to manufacture the jet trainer in Canada to Canadian Car Company, Limited, which previ- ousl-y built the propeller-driven Beechcraft T-34 under license. Other foreign powers holding Beech licensing agreements included Japan and ArgeP.· tina, both for Beechcraft T-34 production. In l\fay, Beechcraft's Boulder, Colorado, facility 85 was elevated to full division status. Boulder ·work in 1957 included production of 1200-gallon and 6000-gallon mobile (Dewar) containers for the Atomic Energy Commission, among the first of several classified projects undertaken by the new division in the fields of cyrogenics, high energy fuels, thermodynamics and missiles. Also in :May the company unveiled its proposed Beechcraft ·M odel 1013 reconnaissance drone de- signed for photo and television battle area sur- veillance and enemy position observation. · The Model 1013 was adapted from the XKDB-1 target aircraft which Beech is building for the Navy . Flight evaluations of the 320-mile -per-hour Beech-designed Navy XKDB-1 started in the spring of 1957 at the Naval Air Missile Test Center, Point Mugu, California. The XKDB-1 in summer trials demonstrated its ability to meet or exceed Navy specifications for stability, controllability, launching and recovery , and on one flight reached _a n altitude of 38,500 feet from ground launch. The Army during the year ordered additional quantities of the L-23D command transport, mili- tary version of the supercharged Model E50 Twin- Bonanza business plane, extending L-23 produc- tion into 1959. In October, Beechcraft also began deliveries of rebuilt L-23 's under a separate con- tract calling for the remanufacture of early A and B models to the new Army L-23D configuration. The year's activities were also highlighted by continued production of Beechcraft T-34B Mentor trainers for the Navy, large numbers of Beech-de- signed ground power support units for starting and servicing jet aircraft, and thousands of jettison- able fuel tanks with capacities ranging from 200- gallon pylon tanks for the USAF F-104 to 1700- gallon external stores for the USAF B-47. A pioneer in the field of aircraft range exten- sion, Beechcraft on Janu ary 8 reported successful flight tests of its new jet fighter in-flight refueling "buddy" system which the company is developin g for McDonnell Aircraft Corporation. The Beech - designed system enables one jet fighter to refuel a sister craft at high speeds and altitudes. Be s ides prime contracts with the Air Force, Army and Navy, Beechcraft in 1957 received additional subcontract orders for production of complete wings for jet trainers and for parts, assemblies a nd components for jet fighter-interceptors . As the company entered its 25th anniversary year, officials computed th a t total commercial and military sales since its foundin g in 1932 h ad al- ready topped the $ 1-billion mark. 86 At year-end, Beech Aircraft had n ea rl y 2,000,000 square feet of plant area in use at six major pro- duction facilities-three in \ 1Vichita, Kan sas, a nd one each at its fully-integrated divi s ions in Hering- ton and Liberal, Kansa s, and in Boulder, Colorado. Also in operation were the parent company's two wholly-owned subsidiaries, The Beech Acceptance Corporation, Inc., organized in 1956 to fin a nce sales of business aircraft on deferred time payment plans, and Beechcraft Research & Development , Inc., also formed in 1956 to explore the new fields of powered flight. In addition to 775 acres of land which the company owns near Wi c hita, Beech- craft early in 1957 increased its Colorado property holdings to 1460 acres at the site of its prelimin ary test facility near Boulder. During the year, Beechcraft's . total ernployrnent climbed from 6500 at the end of 1956 to 8000 by the end of fiscal 1957. At year-end, Beechcraft's diversified aviation ac- tivity embraced more than 60 different aeronautical projects-rangin g in scope all the way from the manufacture of commercial aircraft to engineering research on emergency escape systems. Beech has jnocluc e cl 423 T-34 B JVI ent01 · train en fo ·r th e Navy. B e ll AiTCm[t Co1·jJOTa t ion' s n ew D ata Pro cess ing C en te·r. BELL AIRCRAFT CORPORATION B ell c ontinu ed de ve lopment a nd p rod u cti o n of it s G \ M -63 R ascal a nd o n e of th e hi o- Wi g ht s of th e c ornp a n y year ca m e in O ctob er "'b en th e air- to-s urf ace mi ss ile w as a cce pt ed for op er ati o nal ser v- ice b y th e Str a t eg ic A ir Comm an d . A no ther hi g hli g ht was the su ccessful d emo n st r a- ti o n of Be ll 's A utom a ti c L andin g S stem . In a s er ies of te sts a b oa rd th e a ir craf t ca rr ie r A nti etam, a Dou glas }'3D was la nd ed ove r 100 tim es w ithout th e .pil o t tou c hing th e c ontrol s. T h e syst em com- bine s r a dio a nd r a d ar f or a utom a tic appro ach a nd to u c h-do wn c ontroL Be ll also com pl-eted a lmos t 1500 g round landin gs prio r to th e sea tri als. The com p an y also contin ued ex tensive resea rch a nd d e vel o pment pr og ram s in ai r craft , missiles, r oc k e t engin es, av ionics a nd se rvo mec h an isms. The A vionics Di vis ion ,.,r. as d ev el op in g an in e rti al n av i ga tion sy stem for fight er aircra ft em b ody in g r a di ca ll y new technique s a nd grea t er accu rac y. It is built a round a n a ccelero m eter and a gy ro de - sig ned by Bell e ng in e er s. Th e acceler ome t er wa s a lso b e ing built in qu a ntit y for i ns ta llat ion in va ri - ou s g uided mi ss ile s. A vionics w as also sup p ly in g a proport i on al ra d io control system for th e Ch an ce V ou gh t Reg ulu s g uided missil e a nd r a di o com man d r eceivers for th e Navaho, Atl as and Tho r mis .il es . With mu ch a dvan c ed wo rk un d er wa y, Bell's Ro c kets Divi sion continue d de live ry d ur ing th e ye ar of liquid-prop e ll a nt c eram i c ro cke t thru st ch a mbers for th e A rm y's Nik e su r fa ce- to-a ir gu id ed mi ssile, as well as en g in es for Be ll' s R ascal. Re s earch in the ar ea of adv a nced aer o dynamics r e quired for high spe ed a nd hi gh altitude fli g ht was c arri ed on b y th e Rese a rch Div ision. Hyper- s onic tests we re co ndu c ted in the h e lium w ind tun- nel a t Princeton Uni v ersit y and studies conducted to ev aluate low cost insulation for aircraft struc- tures operating at high speeds. The Research Division also conducted studies in the com pan y's environment al laboratories in s upport of avio nics, propulsion, aircraft and missile projects. Flight studie s continued on Bell 's rocket-pow- e red speci al re sea rch planes, the X-lB, X-IE and jet X- 5, under the supervision of the Nation al Ad- visor y Com m ittee for Aeronautics. Investig a tion of revolutionar y new aircraft types is under way in the Aircr a ft Division which pio- neered in the jet VTOL field ·with such a ircraft as the origin a l test VTOL a nd the X-14. The Bell X-1 4 built for the Air Force, completed ea rl y stages of its test program successfully during the year. Powered by two jet engines, the X-14 was designed to take off vertically from a conventional position, shift to forw a rd flight and land vertically, e liminating the need for runwa y s. Bell expanded its m a nuf a cturing facilities with the a ddition of large-sc a le production equipm·ent to b e u sed for its o wn w ork as well as subcontracts. Numeri ca lly ta pe-controlled contour and profile mills were s cheduled for inst a llation earl y in 1958. During the yea r, delivery of B-47 and B-52 engine nacelle s and spare p a rts c ontinued , w ith pl a nning f or oth er s ub-contr a ct s of a si1nilar n a ture under way. Oth er m a nuf a cturing included int e rn al win g n'l emb ers for the M c Donn e ll F-101 and ta il c on es a nd el ec tronic equipm e nt pl a tforms for th e B-66. Bell mov ed to con solid a te it s Niag ar a Fronti er o per a tion s durin g the 1957 yea r with co mpl e tion of a D a ta Pr oc e ss in g Cent er, pl a ns for a n ew R e- 87 B ell XV-3 ConvertijJlan e. search Ce nter and a $2 .5 -million addition to its main plant. The new data unit occupies 30,000 square feet of floor space and cost $750,000. It will handle all the data processing in support of the company's technical and administrative programs, including those of the Niagara Frontier operation and the Bell Helicopter Corporation in Fort vVorth, Texas, and some of its subsidiaries. The company also acquired 350 acres 30 mil es east of Buffalo as a site for the projected Lawr ence D. Bell Research Center which will include , a mong other services, a hypersonic wind tunnel capabl e of handling the highest speed ranges and a labor a tor y for heat studies. Continuing its policy of diversifying into com- mercial fields which have growth potential in new technological areas, Bell acquired two new subsidi- aries, the Lake Erie Engineering Corp., of Buff a lo, New York, and Birma Manufacturing Corp., of Buffalo and Greenfield, Indiana. Lake Erie is one of the leading companies in the hydraulic press field. Birma Manufacturing is a producer of molded fibre glass products. This brings to seven the num- ber of wholly-owned subsidiaries. For the nine-month period e nded September , Bell Aircraft Corporation reported consolidated sales of $151,366,136 and net income after taxes of $3,089,271. Employment totalled 16,901 persons, including 12 ,369 in the parent company. BOEING AIRPLANE COMPANY Maiden flight of the first production model com- mercial jet transport built in the United States, first sale of the 720 short-to-medium range jet transport and unveiling of the IM-99 Bom a rc interceptor missile were rna jor Boeing highlights in 1957. Deliveries of KC-1 35 jet tanker-transports to the Strategic Air Command beg an in June, and B-52's continued to roll from the Seattle and Wichita plants. Boeing announced its Seven-Twenty jet liner November 20 and United Air Lines disclosed its purchase of 11 of the transports the following Monday. United announced in December th a t it would purchase an a dditional 40 Seven-Twenties by 1965. The first 707 Jet Stratoliner moved out of the Boeing Tr a nsport Division factory October 28 an d made its first flight De ce mber 20. This plane, with several others now in the final stages of pro- duction, will under go Civil Aeronautics Adminis- tration certification tests before delivery. First 88 delivery was to go to Pan American World Airways in 1958 for service in early 1959. Successful test firings and drone intercepts by the Bomarc missile, which can carry either a con- ventional or nuclear warhead, led to a $ 140-million initial production order from the United States Air Force in August. The Bomarc has a leading role in the new joint Canadian-D. S. (NORAD) defense s·ystem. Fir st photographs of the Bomarc were released in May and revealed the 4 7 foot long missile to be powered by a single Aerojet rocket for launch- ing and two Marquardt ramjets for cruising at "extreme" a ltitudes. Bomarc is an air defense missile capable of destroying enemy aircraft or mis- siles long before they reach potential target areas. A decision was made to build advanced i11odels of the B-52 only at the Wichita Division, a plan initiated by the company to save the Air Force many millions of dollars in tooling costs. This step was part of an extensive cost reduction program conducted by Boeing. T h e Boeing XB-5 2 arrived at the \ 1\T ichita Divi- si on in .March to receive inst alla tion of J75 engines in eac h of the outboard pods, thus making the or ig in al Str a tofortre ss a six-jet airplane instead of tl1 e n orma l eight-jet configLUatioo. Str uctural ch a nges were made to the wing to accommodate the n ew e ngin es, ground testing '"'as completed and the a irplane made its maiden flight in October. It wa s ub seq uent! ')' deli vered to the A u· F or ce for an accele rated J75 service test program. In l'vfay, the B-47 once more made nation al head- lin es when the A ir For ce decl ared the six jet me- dium bomber capable of the spectacul ar " t os - bo mbing" tec hniqu e, w hich ca.lls for aer ial ma- n e u ve ring norrnall y confined to fi gh ter a i.r o·a ft. The m a neu ve r was pro ved fea sible b th e \ icl1ita Divi sion experimental flight te t ec tion a nd fur- ther de ve l ope d b y the A ir Force. The Strat egic A ir Comm a nd rece ived its first KC-1 35 in June after the first ten h ad bee n de- li ve red to the Air Re sea rch a nd Developm e nt Com- mand for functional tests. The 720 jet tran s port be cam e the la test ad dition to Boeing's family of jet tr an sport s, no w com- po s ed of three different model s exclusive of engine difference s. The 720's a re de sign ed to ca rr y 88-1 30 passengers on flights of 200 to 1700 mi les; th e 707- 120 models will carry up to 146 passengers on me - dium to lon g r a nge fli g hts a nd the 707 " Ioter conti- n e nt als" w ill accommodate as ma ny as 160 passen- gers on flights as many as 5000 miles. The commercial jet transp or t s, as 1 ~ ell as th e KC-135, ·were developed from the 707 proto ty pe, a $ 16-million company-finan ce d pr oject, w hi ch h as acc umulated nearly 800 flight test h ours since it s maiden flight July 15 , 1954. In March , the pToto- type flew non-stop from Seattle to Baltimore in 3 hours LJ8 minutes for an averag e speed of 612 mi les per hour. The 707 has assisted C AA and a ir lin e aut hori- ties in determining sch e dules a nd a irport fac iliti es needed for jets through act u al demon s tr a tions. Sale of three 707's to Empre sa de Viacao Ae ra Rio Gr a ndese (VARIG) a ir lin e of Br az il a nd two to Compania Cuban a de Av iacion during 1957 brought the tot al sales to 151 planes. A t the end of the y ear, thirteen air lines h ad ordered 707's. The Industrial Produ c ts Division, emp loying ap- proximately 800 people, was developing and manu- facturing small gas turbine engin es in the 100 to 500 horsepower class. In early 1957 delivery of 240-horsepower 502-10C engines was made to the N avy for use as boat power pl ants a nd to drive min eswee pin g generators. A sm all quantity of 502- B oeing sound suppT essors. IOC engines was· sold to c ommercial org a nizations for experiment al and service test purposes in boat , truck, and earth moving applications. Late 195,7 · saw start of deliveries of the 300-horsepower 502- 1OF for install a tion in the R a dioplane RP-77D medium altitude target drone. The compressor version of the 502-lOC, the 210- a ir horsepower 502-llB, was being used b y the Air Force a nd the N avy to provide ground a ir for start of large jet a ircraft a nd operation of pneum a tic systems. Boeing research