STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA

aircraft have been developed to standardize and unify flight operations performed on the above-mentioned model of aircraft during flight training, training, operational and technical flights at ATO SALT AVIATION. The obligation to apply SOP is independent on the type of flight, its place of departure or destination. During flight training, the application of Standard Operating Procedures is intended to improve the safety of flight operations. At the same time, it is to familiarize student pilots and pilots-in-training with the use and application of standardized systems of operation in the aircraft cockpit. The Standard Operating Procedures are only a supplement to the procedures contained in the Flight Manual of the Diamond DA-20 aircraft. When applying the procedures described in this document, any modification to the equipment of a particular aircraft must be considered. Remember that Standard Operating Procedures are never a substitute for the Airplane Flight Manual. The author of this document is Dominik Punda. Please send any comments to d.punda@salt.aero Copying and distribution without the permission of the Author is prohibited. KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 5 2 GOLDEN RULES 1. FLY - NAVIGATE - COMMUNICATE 2. SPEED IS YOUR LIFE - ALTITUDE IS INSURANCE 3. REMEMBER THAT IN AVIATION, THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS ARE: • EXPERIENCE - WHICH YOU DON'T HAVE - BUT YOU WILL GET, • PROCEDURE - WHICH YOU WILL FIND IN THIS DOCUMENT, • KNOWLEDGE - WHICH YOU WILL SHOW OF TO YOUR INSTRUCTOR, 4. REMEMBER THAT WHAT YOU KNOW VERY WELL ON THE GROUND, YOU MAY KNOW ONLY SUFFICIENTLY IN THE AIR 5. IF SOMETHING HAPPENS AND YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO - STAY CALM 6. LOOK - THINK - DO 7. IF YOU MAKE THE DECISION TO ABORT TAKEOFF, DON'T CHANGE YOUR MIND 8. IF YOU MAKE A DECISION TO ABORT A LANDING, DON'T CHANGE YOUR MIND 9. THERE ARE NO STUPID QUESTIONS SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 6 3 ACRONYMS Acronym Meaning of acronym AAL Above Aerodrome Level ADF Automatic Direction Finder ADIZ Air Defence Identification Zone AFIL Air-filed flight plan AFM Aircraft Flight Manual AGL Above Ground Level AIP Aeronautical Information Publication AIRAC Aeronatuical Information Regulation And Control AMA Area Minimum Altitude AMSL Above Mean Sea Level ARO Airport Reservation Office ASM Airspace Management ATC Air Traffic Control ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service ATO Approved Training Organisation ATS Air Traffic Service AUP Airspace Use Plan BAT Battery COM Communication CTR Control Zone D Dangerous DN Navigation wind direction Doc Document ENR En-route GAMET General Aviation Meteorological Information GEN Generator GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GPS Global Positioning System FE Flight Examinator FIS Flight Information Service FT Feet HP Horse Power KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 7 HT Head of Training IAS Indicated Air Speed ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IFR Instrument Flight Rules ILS Instrument Landing System KBO Lateral Deflection Angle KDM Magnetic Course KG Kilogram KIAS Knots Indicated Airspeed KM Magnetic Heading KPT Route End Point KW Wind angle KZ Drift Angle L Left LDG Landing MAX Maximum METAR Aviation Routine Weather Report MRT Military Routes MSL Mean See Level NAV Navigation NDB Non Directional Beacon NOTAM Notice to Airmen NLD Prescribed Course Nr Number NKDM Prescribed Magnetic Path Angle NTP Navigation Speed Triangle PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator PANSA PAŻP Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (Polska Agencja Żeglugi Powietrznej) PDT Journey Log PFI Preflight Inspection PIC Pilot in Command PPL(A) Privat Pilot License (Airplane) PZ Turning Point QNH Altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 8 R Right RKDM Actual Magnetic Path Angle RLD Actual Course ROL Flight Restriction Area RPM Revolutions Per Minute RTF Radio Telephony RWY Runway SEC Second SOP Standard Operation Procedure T/O Take-off TAF Aerodrome Forecast TMA Terminal Control Area TSA Temporary Segregated Areas TRA Temporary Reserved Areas TWR Tower U Wind speed UHF Ultra-High Frequency ULC Civil Aviation Authority (Urząd Lotnictwa Cywilnego) US United States WPT Route Starting Point VA Manoeuvering Speed VAPP Approach Speed VBG Best Glide Speed VDL Vision Device Lenses VEF Engine Failure VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed VFR Visual Flight Rules VHF Very High Frequency VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions VNE Never Exceed Speed VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed VOR VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range Vr True Airspeed VR Rotation Speed VREF Landing Reference Speed KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 9 VS0 Stalling Speed In Landing Configuration VS1 Stalling Speed In Clean Configuration VX Best Angle-of-Climb Speed VY Best Rate-of-Climb Speed SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 10 4 LIMITATIONS STRUCTURAL LIMITATIONS Limitations given to avoid overstress or damage the aircraft structure. These limits are created during designing and type certification. Below are the structural speed limits. SPEED KIAS EXPLANATION VNE Never Exceed Speed 164 Never exceed this speed in any operation VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed 118 Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air, and then only with caution. VA Maneuvering Speed 106 Do not make full or abrupt control movements above this speed. Under certain conditions, the airplane may be overstressed by full control movement. VFE(T/O) Maximum Flap Extended Speed T/O Position 100 Do not exceed this speed with flaps in T/O position VFE(LDG) Maximum Flap Extended Speed LDG Position 78 Do not exceed this speed with flaps in lLDG position KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 11 NORMAL PROCEDURES Speeds used during normal use of the aircraft. SPEED KIAS EXPLANATION VY(CRUISE) Best Rate-of- Climb Speed Flap CRUISE Position 75 Speed of best climb rate, at sea level, flaps in CRUISE position VX(CRUISE) Best Angle-of- Climb Speed Flap CRUISE Position 60 Speed of best angle of climb at sea level, flaps in CRUISE position VY(T/O) Best Rate-of- Climb Speed Flap T/O Position 68 Speed of best rate of climb, at sea level, flaps in T/O position VX(T/O) Best Angle-of- Climb Speed Flap T/O Position 57 Speed of best angle of climb at sea level, flaps in T/O position VREF Landing Reference 55 The lowest speed you are supposed to have over the runway threshold. SALT AVIATION for Student-Pilots recommends speed of 65 KIAS. VR Rotation 44 Rotation speed VS0 Stalling speed in landing configuration 34 Stall speed in landing configuration. Flaps in LDG position VS1 Stalling speed in clean configuration 42 Stall speed in clean configuration. Flaps in CRUISE position VAPP(T/O) Approach Speed Flap T/O Position 75-70 Approach speed. Flaps in CRUISE or T/O position SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 12 VAPP(LDG) Approach Speed 60-70 Landing approach speed. Flaps in LDG position Flap LDG Position 20 Maximum crosswind component for takeoff and landing 5 Maximum tailwind component for takeoff and landing EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Speeds used during emergency situations in which the aircraft may be. SPEED KIAS EXPLANATION VA Maneuvering Speed 106 Do not make full or abrupt control movements above this speed. Under certain conditions, the airplane may be overstressed by full control movement. VBG Best glide angle 73 Greatest glide range with flaps in CRUISE position VEF Engine Failure 64 Lowest speed with engine not running, flaps in CRUISE position VEF(T/O) Engine Failure T/O Flap Position 60 Lowest speed with engine not running, flaps in T/O position VEF(LDG) Engine Failure LDG Flap Position 55 Lowest speed with engine not running, flaps in LDG position KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 13 5 CHECKLISTS GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Checklists at ATO SALT AVIATION are an integral part of the SOP and have been based on the AFM of individual aircraft used by ATO and are assigned to them. 2. Checklists at ATO SALT AVIATION describe sets of actions related to specific phases of operations (engine start-up, taxi, take-off, etc.) referring to flight safety, which pilots must perform, check and confirm. They ensure a direct check of the aircraft configuration and systems, thereby protecting against human error. 3. Every student, instructor and pilot renting an aircraft from ATO SALT AVIATION is required to use the checklist in accordance with this manual. 4. It is prohibited to use the checklist on an aircraft unit to which it does not apply. 5. HT ATO SALT AVIATION is responsible for issuing and updating individual checklists. 6. If any error is found in the checklists, the finder is obliged to notify HT ATO SALT AVIATION. 7. The person who is obliged to use a checklist (student, instructor, renting pilot) is responsible for having the checklist during operation. 8. Checklists are publicly available at www.salt.aero, and it is recommended to print them double-sided in A4 format. 9. For each flight, the Student is to have the printed checklist for the particular aircraft on which he or she will receive flight training. 10. Checklists are divided into NORMAL PROCEDURES and EMERGENCY PROCEDURES. 11. NORMAL PROCEDURES - are used within the normal range of operations, when nothing particular is happening (parameters in the cockpit are in the green fields) SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 14 12. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES - are used when the situation requires immediate intervention from the crew and consideration of an immediate landing which may be an emergency landing (parameters in the cockpit are in red fields). 13. When any of the parameters in the cockpit is in the yellow field, the situation requires increased caution from the crew. An immediate landing is not required unless there is a belief that the situation may deteriorate (a precautionary landing may be carried out). The crew is required to precisely monitor the parameter in question and its trend. RULES OF PERFORMANCE 1. The checklist is called out by the person flying in the left seat of the aircraft, by calling out its title and using the phrase "checklist," e.g. "TAXI CHECKLIST" 2. Checklists or their parts marked with a vertical black line on the left, must be memorized; these are so called MEMORY ITEMS. 3. The checklist except so called MEMORY ITEMS (marked with a black line on the left), is to be read, not declaimed from memory. 4. If, during performing of the checklist, there was a situation in which it had to be interrupted, the pilot starts it from the beginning 5. Checklists at SALT AVIATION are "read and do" in nature. 6. After reading a particular point in the checklist, we use the phrase contained therein as confirmation. 7. If there is a flow to be performed before the checklist (a set of actions in the cockpit, which are then confirmed by performance of the checklist), the pilot performs it in the given order and starts the checklist; he or she does not perform both activities at the same time, 8. The checklist ( if all actions have been correctly performed and confirmed) is completed by the call out e.g. "TAXI CHECKLIST COMPLETED" KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 15 9. If, while performing operations, especially in a single-pilot crew, the pilot's attention must be turned outward to observe the space around the aircraft, or on the instrument panel, he or she, should stop reading the checklist (safety first), and return to continue it. 10. If any of the checklist items does not apply to the given flight, use the phrase: "not applicable". 11. Performing an item described "As required" requires specification of what is to be done with the item. 12. The approach briefing in flight pattern is always considered as completed - "COMPLETED". 13. When taxi, outside of the areas indicated in the checklist, after stopping the aircraft, we follow the rule: "parking brake - on/taxi light - off", and before taxi: "taxi light - on/parking brake off". 14. At ATO SALT AVIATION, we divide NORMAL PROCEDURES into individual checklists, provided in the table below. Their sequence also reflects the standard recommended order of performance. Name Place or time of performance PREFLIGHT Aircraft stand EXTERIOR INSPECTION Aircraft stand BEFORE STARTING ENGINE Aircraft stand (check if the area behind the aircraft is empty) and after taking seats in the aircraft ENGINE START After obtaining approval for start-up (controlled airports) and when the area around the engine(s) is clear. FLOODED/W ARM ENGINE START If carrying out ENGINE START led to flooding of the engine (this is usually indicated by fuel leak under the aircraft) or when the engine is still warm after the previous operation AFTER STARTING ENGINE Immediately after starting the engine. SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 16 15. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES are performed in the occurrence of an event specified in the title of the particular checklist. TAXI During taxi, when there is the least workload in the cockpit. RUN UP POSITION At the holding point of the runway, or within the shortest time before takeoff, when engine parameters allow. Make sure the area behind the aircraft is clear! BEFORE LINE UP At the holding point of the runway, before receiving clearance to line-up the runway. LINE UP At the holding point of the runway, after receiving clearance to line-up the runway. TAKE-OFF MEMORY ITEM - after receiving of approval for take-off, after entering the runway CLIMB MEMORY ITEM - After lift-off and completion of TAKE-OFF CHECKLIST CRUISE After reaching cruising altitude and setting cruise power. In flights in a traffic pattern and into the training zone, the checklist is skipped. DESCENT Before beginning descent from cruising altitude with the intention of initiating an approach. It is not performed in a traffic pattern. APPROACH After APPROACH BRIEFING, before reporting readiness for approach FINAL MEMORY ITEM - on the final, if the situation allows, after receiving permission to land GO AROUND MEMORY ITEM - after the decision is made to abort approach and go around. RUNWAY VACATED After vacating the runway, in the case of controlled airports beyond the holding point, or during a long taxi down the runway to the nearest taxiway. SHUT DOWN POSITION On the aircraft stand, where we want to shut down the engine. KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 17 NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECKLIST SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 18 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CHECKLIST KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 19 6 NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT PREPARATION WEATHER Check the meteorological conditions and weather forecast for the time of the planned flight. Make observations at the airport and analyze the area weather report: GAMET, available at: awiacja.imgw.pl. The weather minimums for you are: - Visibility 5 km, - cloud base 1500 ft above ground level, - distance from clouds: vertical 300 m, horizontal 1500 m - crosswind component - 10 kts. NOTAM Check the current NOTAM information and airspace use provided for the planned route and airports by the Crew briefing office or at www.amc.pansa.pl, www.notams.faa.gov or www.ead.eurocontrol.int PERSONAL EQUIPMENT When going in for performing operations, you must have: - Flight Crew License - Pilot Trainee, - Medical Certificate, - Logbook - Pilot Trainee, - Proof of identity - Identity card or passport. - SOP, - Checklists for the particular aircraft, - Aircraft Journey Log, Remember For training other than PPL(A), the weather minimums for the Trained Pilot are subject to change. You can find your current minimums in AIP POLAND/AIP VFR (ENR 1.1 - 1.2) SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 20 - Copy of the flight plan - if you submitted one, - Load and balance sheet - Pilot Trainee - Flight order - if it will be a solo cross country flight, - Map - if it will be a cross country flight, - Navigation flight plan - if it will be a cross country flight, - Aircraft keys, - Kneeboard, - Clean sheet, - Pen or pencil, - Stopwatch, - Headphones, - Device for fuel sumping, - Tissues, - Torch - if night flights will be made, - Corrective eyeglasses - if you have a VDL restriction in the Aero-Medical Examination, and an extra spare pair, - Long pants, - Full shoes, - Cap, - Bottle of water, - Sunglasses, Remember Open the canopy: - after opening the lock with the key - from the pilot’s side, - after opening the windows - (gently push them and slide them back) - after moving the red levers on both sides of the canopy - inside the cockpit - (carefully put your hand through the window), - holding the frame of the canopy - the place for the hand is at the front of the canopy on both sides, not on the plexiglass by the window. KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 21 AIRCRAFT Documents - Verify that the following are on board the aircraft: - Certificate of Registration - Certificate of Airworthiness, - Radio Permit, - Noise Certificate, - Airplane Flight Manual - AFM, - Weighing protocol, - Certificate of Aviation Insurance, - Procedures to follow in the event of interception of the aircraft, - Visual signals of the intercepted and intercepting aircraft. Oil - check preferably when the engine is cold. The dipstick is located under the filler cap. Open the filler, take out the dipstick, clean it with a tissue and reinsert and cap it. Pull out the dipstick again and check the amount of oil - only then is the reading most reliable. The minimum amount of oil is 4 quarts. If it needs to be replenished, pour in the right amount - the bottle is in the baggage compartment. After this operation, wipe off the oil that did not get into the engine thoroughly with tissues. Fuel - check the amount of fuel in the tank with the fuel gauges ( GEN/BAT Master Switch - ON, Fuel Quantity - CHECK, GEN/BAT Master Switch - OFF) and with the wooden dipstick that is in the baggage compartment. We put it through the filler into the tank and read the amount of fuel in the tank on the scale. The general rule is to always have a full tank for flight. Only the instructor in charge of the training may deviate from this rule. After refueling: - carefully close the filler and lock with the key, - note the amount of fuel refueled in the Journey log, - note the amount of fuel refueled in the notebook, which is located on the desk on the right side in the SALT AVIATION Operations Room. Sumping - always perform fuel sumping after refueling or during EXTERIOR INSPECTION CHECKLIST. This is to check for water or other impurities in the fuel. You will find the vessel for this purpose on the desk on the left at the entrance to the semicircular hangar. After performing sumping, leave the vessel with the fuel sample on the same desk. SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 22 In the case of another airfields, discard this fuel in the least environmentally damaging way possible. PRE-FLIGHT INSPECTION Before starting aircraft inspection activities, it is necessary to inspect the cockpit and prepare the working area for ourselves accordingly. First, before entering the cockpit, we plug in our headphones and loosen the seat belts. Don't put aircraft keys in your pocket, hang them on one of the knobs on the instrument panel, such as on the altimeter or gyro compass. We check that all items are secured, especially those in the baggage compartment. Ensure that the baggage compartment net is properly fastened. Put all personal belongings in such a place that they do not interfere with taking your seat in the cockpit or constrain you during the flight. Next, we perform the PREFLIGHT CHECKLIST. Don't forget to adjust the setting of the rudder pedals. Remember Oil, fuel and sumping activities must always be performed in the presence of an Instructor, unless you are a Pilot Trainee Remember For training other than PPL(A), PREFLIGHT CHECKLIST and EXTERIOR INSPECTION CHECKLIST may be performed by the Pilot Trainee, without the presence of the Instructor. KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 23 Perform an inspection of the cockpit using the "PREFLIGHT CHECKLIST": 1. Aircraft Documents ............................. ON BOARD 2. Fire Extinguisher ..............CHARGED & SECURE 3. Structural Temperature Indicator .................CHECK 4. Tie Downs ...................... REMOVED/ON-BOARD 5. Flight Control Lock ................................. REMOVE 6. Rudder Pedals.................. ADJUSTED & LOCKED 7. Parking brake ..................................................... ON 8. Magnetos .......................................................... OFF 9. Avionics Master Switch & Electrics ................. OFF 10. GEN/BAT Master Switch ................................ ON 11. Fuel Quantity ............................................CHECK 12. Flaps ............................................................... LDG 13. Warning Lights ................................................ ON 14. GEN/BAT Master Switch .............................. OFF SALT AVIATION recommends checking the Structural Temperature Indicator, each time a PREFLIGHT CHECKLIST is performed. Perform an inspection of the aircraft using the "EXTERIOR INSPECTION CHECKLIST:" LEFT WING 1. Left Main Landing Gear ..............................CHECK 2. Stall Warning ..............................................CHECK 3. Pitot-Static Probe............. CLEAN, HOLES-OPEN 4. Lights ...........................................VISUAL CHECK 5. Aleiron, Wing Flap .......................VISUAL CHECK FUSELAGE 1. Fuel Tank Vent ............................................CHECK EXTERIOR INSPECTION PREFLIGHT Remember The aircraft is moved by using a guide-bar, never by pulling or pushing by the propeller. SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 24 2. Fuel Drains .................................... DRAIN WATER 3. Maintenance Fuel Drains ....................... NO LEAKS 4. Fuel Quantity..................... VISUAL INSPECTION 5. Antennas............................ VISUAL INSPECTION TAIL 1. Stabilizers and Control Surfaces ..................CHECK RIGHT WING 1. Aleiron, Wing Flap .......................VISUAL CHECK 2. Lights ...........................................VISUAL CHECK 3. Right Main Landing Gear ............................CHECK NOSE 1. Oil ..................... CHECK LEVEL ( 6-4 QUARTS) 2. Cowling ............................. VISUAL INSPECTION 3. Air Intakes ................................................... CLEAR 4. Propeller ...................... CLEARANCE MIN 25 CM 5. Propeller Blades ..........................................CHECK 5. Spinner .............................. VISUAL INSPECTION 6. Nose Gear ....................................................CHECK We record completion of the pre-flight inspection with an entry in the Journey Log (PFI field). During training flights, the entry is made by the Instructor, and in any other case by the aircraft commander. Remember During the EXTERIOR INSPECTION CHECKLIST, in addition to the general condition, you are checking for: cracks, surface contamination, discoloration, delamination, excessive plays, the overall condition of the airframe, the ease of deflection of the control surfaces. KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 25 STARTING THE ENGINE After taking a seat in the cockpit and before starting the engine, check that: - all loose items are secured, - full movement of the rudder as well as use the brakes are possible, - all buttons, knobs, etc. are accessible, - seatbelts are fastened, Remember Before taking a seat in the cockpit, check that there is no guide-rod on the front wheel. Remember Do not put any objects on top of the instrument panel. Remember To take a seat in the cockpit, you must: - open the canopy, - stand facing to the aircraft, - grasp the grip behind the instrument panel with your left hand, - put your left foot on the step, - put your right foot over the side and rest it on the floor, - for support, rest your right hand behind the seat back - near the headphone jack sockets, - lower yourself onto the seat. Do not lean on the top of the instrument panel!!!!! SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 26 Before starting the engine, perform "BEFORE STARTING ENGINE CHECKLIST": 1. Parking Brake ..................................................... ON 2. Brake Pressure .............................................CHECK 3. Baggage........................... STOWED & SECURED 4. Seatbelts ..................... FASTENED & ADJUSTED 5. Flight Controls ....................... FREE & CORRECT 6. Canopy ................................ CLOSED & SECURE 7. Circuit Breakers...........................................CHECK 8. Fuel Shut-off Valve ……. ON (PUSH IN & LOCK) 9. Throttle ................................................. FREE/IDLE 10. Throttle Friction ........................................CHECK 11. Alternate Air .................................................. OFF 12. GEN/BAT Master Switch ................................ ON 13. Avionics Master Switch ................................... ON 14. ATIS/ATC Clearance ......................... RECEIVED 15. Altimeters.............................................. SET QNH 16. Avionics Master Switch & Radio ................... OFF 17. Generator Warning Light .................. ILUMINATE 18. Canopy Warn Light ......... OFF( PRESS/CHECK) Before starting the engine, make sure that there are no obstacles or people near the aircraft whose presence could compromise safety. Therefore, the command “PROPELLER CLEAR” should be called out loudly. BEFORE STARTING ENGINE Remember Before starting the engine, the canopy must be closed and secured - red levers moved forward to the limit. After starting the engine, the canopy must be closed until the engine is shut down. It is forbidden to disembark or embark the aircraft while the engine is running. KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 27 If we are ready to start the engine then at EPMO and other controlled airports, we must: - Avionics Master Switch – ON, COM – ON, write down departure information from appropriate ATC service or ATIS (at EPMO 136,555 MHz). - establish communication with the appropriate ATC unit, in case of EPMO it is MODLIN DELIVERY (119.680 MHz) and ask for CLEARANCE FOR FLIGHT. Write down ATC Clearance on your kneeboard and reed it back to the controller. - Get START-UP CLEARANCE at TOWER (at EPMO 123,930 MHz), then COM - OFF, Avionics Master Switch - OFF. - perform "ENGINE START CHECKLIST" Remember Before performing ENGINE START CHECKLIST, place the key in the ignition and check that it definitely fits. Remember At EPMO airport, we can only run the engine on the GA4 apron, which is located between the semicircular hangar and taxiway A1. Remember Startup must be performed with turned off COM and NAV equipment (AVIONIC MASTER OFF) and other electrical devices powered directly from the battery, except for the "STROBO" lights. SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 28 1. Strobe/Position Lights ........................................ ON 2. Throttle .............................................................IDLE 3. Mixture ................................................. FULL RICH 4. Brakes ........................................................... HOLD 5. Fuel Pump .......................................................... ON 6. Fuel Prime .......................................................... ON 7. Throttle ….. FULL (3-7 SEC) THEN IDLE ¼ INCH 8. Propeller Area ............................................. CLEAR 9. Starter ........................... ENGAGE ( MAX 10 SEC) 10. Throttle...................................... 800 - 1000 RPM 11. Oil Pressure ...............................................CHECK 12. Fuel Prime ...................................................... OFF 13. Avionics Master Switch ................................. ON 14. Engine instruments ....................................CHECK The maximum waiting time to reach the correct oil pressure is about 30 seconds in air temperature above zero and 1 minute in winter conditions. If there is no indication of oil pressure, shut down the engine and report the fault to a mechanic. If performing ENGINE START CHECKLIST has led to flooding of the engine (this is usually indicated by fuel leakage under the aircraft) or when the engine is still hot after the previous operation, in order to start the engine, you need to perform “FLOODED/WARM ENGINE START CHECKLIST": ENGINE START Remember The maximum operating time for the starter is only 30 seconds, then take a break for 3 to 5 minutes. Remember DO NOT turn the key back to the START position while the propeller is still rotating. Such action can lead to serious damage to the engine! KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 29 1. Strobe/Position Lights ........................................ ON 2. Mixture ................................................. FULL RICH 3. Brakes ........................................................... HOLD 4. Fuel Pump ........................................................ OFF 5. Fuel Prime ........................................................ OFF 6. Throttle ............................................... HALF OPEN 7. Propeller Area ............................................. CLEAR 8. Starter .......................................................ENGAGE 9. Throttle .................................. ADJUST 1000 RPM 10. Oil Pressure ...............................................CHECK 15. Avionics Master Switch ................................ ON 16. Engine instruments ....................................CHECK After starting the engine, we perform "AFTER STARTING ENGINE CHECKLIST": 1. Cabin Heat and Defrost ................. AS REQUIRED 2. Flaps ...........................................CHECK/ CRUISE 3. Avionics Master Switch ..................................... ON 4. Transponder.................................................... STBY 5. Radios/NAV/GPS.............................................. SET 7. Fuel Pump .......................................................... ON 8. Fuel Pressure ............................. CHECK > 3.5 PSI 9. Engine Instruments ......................................CHECK 10. Trim Indicator ....................................... NEUTRAL 11. Taxi Clearance ..................................... RECEIVED AFTER STARTING ENGINE Remember On COM 2, set the frequency to 121.5 and monitor it throughout the flight. FLOODED START Remember Remember to write down and read back the full instructions for taxi (TAXI INSTRUCTION) SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 30 TAXI If you are ready to taxi, perform the "TAXI CHECKLIST": 1. Parking Brake/Taxi light ........................... OFF/ON 2. Brakes/Flight Instruments............................CHECK The first action after the aircraft is put into motion is to check the braking system. If flying with an instructor on board, the pilot should order a check of the brakes on the instructor's side with the command "CHECK YOUR BRAKES". During taxi, when changing direction, check the correct indications of: artificial horizon, turn coordinator, gyro and compass. When passing through intersecting taxiways, it is required to pay attention to possible traffic on these ways and confirm the clear taxiway by the commands "LEFT CLEAR", "RIGHT CLEAR". When taxi on grass aerodromes without designated taxiways, pay special attention to the condition of the aerodrome surface in front of the aircraft to avoid potentially dangerous areas. TAXI Remember Once you have started movement of the aircraft, reverse the throttle lever and keep it in the "IDLE" position at all times, unless you are moving on soft ground and the aircraft stops. Don't keep your feet directly on the brakes. KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 31 At aerodromes with grass surface, it is not recommended to use the TAXI light, especially in daytime conditions, as this shortens its lifetime significantly. At night and at controlled airports TAXI lights must be used. If you stop during taxi, remember to turn off the TAXI light, because for everyone around you, this will be a sign that the aircraft has stopped and is waiting. ENGINE TEST We perform it: - only when the engine has reached the right parameters - before taxi, if you are in a convenient location, - at the latest, at the HOLDING POINT short of the runway. Remember On grass surfaces, always taxi with the elevator up as high as possible (stick pulled aft). When taxi on slippery surfaces and with crosswinds, the elevator is in neutral position. Remember We never perform RUN UP POSITION CHECKLIST while the aircraft is in motion. SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 32 If we are ready to test the engine then we perform the "RUN UP POSITION CHECKLIST": 1. Parking Brake/Taxi light ........................... ON/OFF 2. Mixture ................................................. FULL RICH 3. Throttle ................................................... 1700 RPM 4. Oil Temp .......................... …………..ABOVE 100ºF 5. Oil Pressure ....................... ……….BELOW 70 PSI) 6. Alternator Load ( Ammeter) ........................CHECK 7. Mixture Lean Function ................................CHECK 8. Magnetos ..............CHECK (DROP 150 DIFF±50) 9. Alternate Air ...........ON/OFF ( NO RPM DROP) 10. Engine instruments ................................... CHECK 11. Warning Lights ........................ NO ILUMINATE 12. Throttle..................MAX/IDLE THEN 1000 PRM 13. Take-Off Briefing........................... COMPLETED PREPARING FOR TAKE-OFF (TAKE-OFF BRIEFING) TAKE-OFF BRIEFING should be performed before each flight or series of flights. Arrangements for take-off can be omitted when making consecutive flights interrupted by short stops from the same airport in the absence of weather changes. It is initiated and recited by the Student in training flights and in others by the Commander (PIC) of the aircraft, depending on the situation: - after starting the engine - if you have ATC CLEARANCE, - at the holding point before the "RUN UP POSITION CHECKLIST." - at the holding point, at the latest, before the "LINE-UP CHECKLIST". RUN UP POSITION Remember We never perform TAKE-OFF BRIEFING while the aircraft is in motion. KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 33 The TAKE-OFF BRIEFING should include information about: 1 The runway in use Startuję z pasa …. Departure from RWY …. 2 Take-off method z pełnego zatrzymania, bez zatrzymania Full stop, Rolling take-off 3 Aircraft configuration and speeds klapy do startu, klapy zero prędkość rotacji, prędkość na wznoszeniu Flaps t/o, Flaps up rotate speed, climb speed 4 What you do in the event of a failure before VR ściągam moc i maksymalnie hamuję Power idle and maximum braking 5 What you do in the event of failure after VR do wysokości 400 stóp AAL (… MSL), ląduje na wprost z odchyleniem w celu uniknięcia przeszkód, powyżej 400 stóp AAL (… AMSL) zawracam do lotniska ląduję na pasie przeciwnym lub innym bezpiecznym miejscu To 400 ft AAL (… MSL), landing straight ahead with avoiding obstacles, above 400 ft AAL (… AMSL), turn 180° and landing on the opposite RWY or another safety place 6 Departure instructions received from ATC Po starcie ( w lewo, w prawo, na punkt …) After departure turn ( left, right, to …. point) 7 The height to which you are climbing Wznoszenie do ….. ft AMSL Climbing …… ft AMSL PRE-TAKEOFF PROCEDURES After obtaining clearance to enter the runway, but before doing it, make sure that the approach sector is free. If the space is free, the call-out "APPROACH SECTOR FREE" and "RUNWAY IDENTIFIED" is required. Also check that both ventilation windows have been closed before take-off. SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 34 At the holding point, before reporting “READY FOR DEPARTURE”, we perform the "BEFORE LINE UP CHECKLIST": 1. Trim Indicator ........................................ NEUTRAL 2. Magnetos…………………………………….BOTH 3. Fuel Pump .......................................................... ON 4. Flaps ................................................................... T/O 5. Mixture ................................................. FULL RICH After receiving clearance to line-up the runway, we perform the "LINE UP CHECKLIST": 1. Parking Brake/Taxi/Landing Lights .......... OFF/ON 2. Transponder....................................................... ALT 3. Gyro………………………………RWY HEADING On the runway, check that its direction is consistent with the indications of the magnetic compass - gyrocompass, and that the engine instruments are in the green range. TAKEOFF AND CLIMB Once you have been cleared for takeoff ( TAKE-OFF CLEARANCE): - turn on the stopwatch, - check whether the aircraft is on the centerline of the runway, choose a characteristic object located in the axis of takeoff as far away from you as possible, look at what is above this point ( for example, clouds), this will help you maintain the set track line - check the direction and velocity of the wind, and in the case of a crosswind, set the aileron upwind in proportion to the velocity of the wind and the speed of the aircraft (the higher the speed, the lower the deflection), BEFORE LINE UP Remember Control the throttle with your right hand at all times during takeoff. LINE UP KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 35 - set the take-off power, check the parameters and confirm - "T/O POWER SET" - RPM of about 2000, - release the brakes, confirming - "BRAKES RELEASED", - check and confirm the indications on the airspeed indicator - "SPEED RISING", - maintain direction with the rudder, use the brakes only as a last resort ( the plane will tend to turn left, so use the right foot), - at VR - 44 KIAS - "ROTATE", - with a gentle impulse, raise the front wheel by 5 - 10 cm and stop the aircraft in this configuration, - liftoff will occur automatically - accelerate the aircraft and maintain VX T/O + 1 kt - 58 KIAS, - up to this point, the "TAKE-OFF CHECKLIST” will be helpful - ( MEMORY ITEM): 1. Take-off power .................................................. SET 2. RPM ........................................................ MIN 2000 3. Engine Gauges.............................................CHECK 4. Rotation ...................................................... 44 KIAS 5. Climb speed................................................ 58 KIAS - above 300 ft AAL, accelerate the aircraft to VY CRUISE - 75 KIAS and perform "CLIMB CHECKLIST" - ( MEMORY ITEM): 1. Throttle ............................................................ FULL 2. Flaps .................................................................... UP 3. Landing/Taxi Light........................................... OFF - find on the ground a characteristic point located in the axis of the runway, draw a straight line to it, and make corrections according to this line, - control the engine temperature, if it is too high, increase the flight speed. At 500 ft AAL: - check the sector of space towards which you will make the first turn, CLIMB − TAKE-OFF SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 36 - find a landmark on the ground where you are to complete the turn, - lower the nose by 1 - 2° (a speed increase of about 5 KIAS), - make a turn and try not to exceed the bank angle - 20°, - watch the ball, - after the turn, when the wings are horizontal, raise the nose by 1-2° - maintain speed - VY CRUISE - 75 KIAS, - check how you move in relation to the runway from which you took off, look outside as well as at the gyrocompass - you are supposed to be moving perpendicularly from the runway, - find a distinctive point on the ground located on the track line over which you want to move, and make adjustments according to it, - control the engine temperature, if it is too high, increase the flight speed, - climb to a pattern altitude of 1,000 ft AAL, - after reaching the altitude of the pattern, confirm the altitude, for example: - "ONE THOUSAND FEET - LEVEL-OFF", lower the nose to the horizon and stop climbing, - reduce RPM to 2200 - trim the plane, Remember If you are making traffic patterns, then: - set RPM to 2000, - do not perform CRUISE CHECKLIST, - do not lean the mixture, KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 37 PROCEDURES DURING CROSS COUNTRY FLIGHT After exiting the pattern and reaching cruising altitude, perform the "CRUISE CHECKLIST": 1. Cruise Power…………………………………...SET 2. Fuel Pump ........................................................ OFF 3. Altimeters………………..SET/CROSS CHECKED 4. Mixture ...................................................... ADJUST For cross-country flight, you should refer to the Flight Manual (AFM) of the aircraft you are flying - Chapter 5 - to select the appropriate cruise power setting. After reaching cruising altitude after takeoff, after changing altitude during flight, after flying over a navigation point or every 30 min of flight, whichever comes first: - perform "CRUISE CHECKLIST", - check the amount of fuel and record it in the navigation flight plan, - check if the engine parameters are within normal operating ranges, - check the accuracy and, if necessary, correct the indications of the gyrocompass relative to the magnetic compass. This check can be done only after stabilizing horizontal flight at a constant speed, so as to avoid errors in magnetic compass readings. CRUISE Remember SALT AVIATION recommends flying cross-country with power setting of 2000 RPM SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 38 TRANSITION FROM LEVEL FLIGHT TO DESCENT 1. Mixture ................................................. FULL RICH 2. Fuel Pump .......................................................... ON 3. Throttle ......................................... AS REQUIRED Start the descent: lower the nose below the horizon, - be careful not to overcool the engine - do not use the minimum IDLE setting. - control your speed - try to make sure your speed does not enter the yellow field of the airspeed indicator - 118 KIAS, When you reach cruising altitude, set the engine RPM, trim the aircraft and perform the "CRUISE CHECKLIST." 1. Cruise Power…………………………………...SET 2. Fuel Pump ........................................................ OFF 3. Altimeters………………..SET/CROSS CHECKED 4. Mixture ...................................................... ADJUST TRANSITION FROM LEVEL FLIGHT TO CLIMB Before climbing en-route: - enrich the mixture, - increase rpm to maximum, - raise the nose, - maintain a speed of 75 KIAS Once the set altitude is reached: - lower the nose for horizontal flight - perform "CRUISE CHECKLIST: 5. Cruise Power…………………………………..SET 6. Fuel Pump ........................................................ OFF 7. Altimeters………………..SET/CROSS CHECKED 8. Mixture ...................................................... ADJUST DESCENT CRUISE CRUISE KATANA DIAMOND DA-20 C1 SOP Autor: Dominik Punda 39 PROCEDURES WHEN FLYING IN A TRAFFIC PATTERN - Check the sector of space towards which you will make the second turn, - find a landmark on the ground where you are to complete the turn, - make a turn and try not to exceed the bank angle of - 20°, - watch the ball, - check how you are moving in relation to the runway from which you took off, look outside as well as at the gyrocompass - you are supposed to be moving parallelly to the runway, - find a distinctive point on the ground located on the track line over which you want to move, and make adjustments according to it, - abeam of the point where you intend to touch down (at EPMO airport, the threshold of the runway, at uncontrolled aerodromes, if there are no other restrictions, abeam of the touch-down marking), report the downwind position, e.g. "MODLIN TWR SP-... LEFT HAND DOWNWIND RUNWAY 26". - after receiving instructions, e.g.: continue, wait over INDIA point, extend downwind leg, etc. - repeat the instructions you received and follow them, - maintain the altitude of the pattern until the end of the downwind leg, Remember If by the second turn, you have not reached the height of the pattern, follow the procedures as for the first turn. Remember Build the airfield traffic pattern in such a way that, in case of engine failure, it is possible to land at the airfield or another safe place. SOP DIAMOND DA-20 C1 KATANA Autor: Dominik Punda 40 APPROACH FOR LANDING - start the third turn at the point where the flight path intersects the straight line derived from the touchdown point at an angle of 45° to the runway axis, - check the sector of space towards which you will make the third turn, - find a landmark on the ground where you are to complete the turn, - make a turn and try not to exceed the bank angle of - 20°, - watch the ball, - after the turn, when the wings are horizontal, lower the nose, reduce rpm, check the speed if it is below 100 KIAS: "SPEED CHECK - FLAPS T/O" and set the flaps to the T/O position, - turn on the TAXI and LANDING light, - check how you are moving in relation to the runway from which you took off, look outside as well as at the gyrocompass - you are supposed to be moving perpendicularly to the runway, - if you are too far from and too low with respect to the runway, then make a course correction towards it, it should not be more than 30°, - find a distinctive point on the ground located on the line over which you want to move, and make adjustments according to it, - start the descent, - do not accelerate the aircraft - do not exceed the speed of 100 KIAS, - plan the descent so that final turn is made at an altitude of at least 500 ft AAL - remember that you adjust the descent with the power setting, Remember Build the traffic pattern in such a way that, in case of engine failure, it is possible to land at the airfield or another safe place.