Topaz POH

Aircraft equipped with this engine must only fly in DAYLIGHT VFR conditions. This plane is not suitable for acrobatics (inverted flight, etc.). It should be clearly understood that the choice, selection and use of this aircraft is at the sole discretion and responsibility of the owner/user. Whether you are a qualified pilot or a novice, complete knowledge of the aircraft, its controls and operation is mandatory before venturing solo flight. Flying any type of aircraft involves a certain amount of risk. Be informed and prepared for any situation or hazard associated with flying. Constant practice and training is absolutely compulsory. You should be aware that any engine may stop or stall at any time. This could lead to a crash landing and possible severe injury or death. For this reason, we recommend strict compliance with the maintenance and operation or any additional information, which may be given to you by your dealer. Respect all government or local rules pertaining to flight operation in your flying area. Fly only when and where conditions, topography, and airspeeds are safest. The plane is not equipped with anti-icing system. Do not fly in weather conditions, which may cause the air inlets and wings to ice. The icing may cause a total loss of control over the plane, which may cause a serious accident. Before every flight make sure that all instruments of the plane work properly. Make sure all controls can be easily reached in case of emergency. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 0 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 EDITION: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 0-8 Unless in a run up area, never run the engine with the propeller turning while on the ground. Do not operate engine if bystanders are close. In the interest of safety, the aircraft must not be left unattended while the engine is running. Do not start the engine without the propeller installed. Keep an engine log and respect engine and aircraft maintenance schedules. Keep the engine in top operating condition at all times. Do not operate any aircraft, which is not properly maintained or has engine operating irregularities, which have not been corrected. Since special tools and equipment may be required, engine servicing should only be performed by an authorized ROTAX engine dealer or a qualified trained mechanic approved by the local airworthiness authority. To eliminate possible injury or damage, ensure any loose equipment or tools are properly secured before starting the engine. Certain areas, altitudes and conditions present greater risk than others. The engine may require carburetor recalibration or humidity or dust/sand preventative equipment, or additional maintenance may be required. Please. Contact the producer of the plane to obtain additional information. Never operate the engine and gearbox without sufficient quantities of lubricating oil. Periodically verify the level of coolant. Periodically check the level of oil, coolant and brake fluid. Never exceed the maximum speed of the plane. Never exceed the maximum engine speed. Allow the engine to cool at idle for several minutes before turning off the engine. Before first flight with installed GRS rescue system, thoroughly familiarize with GRS Galaxy Rescue System Operational Manual. MAY 2017 03 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 0 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 EDITION: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 0-9 0.5 LIST OF DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS The following words or expressions have been used or may be helpful in particular Sections of this manual. WARNING: Means, that non-observation of the corresponding procedure leads to an immediate or important degradation of the flight safety. CAUTION: Means, that non-observation of the corresponding procedure leads to a more or less long-term degradation of the flight safety. NOTE: Draws the attention to any special item not directly related to safety but which is important and unusual. BASIC SPEEDS AND THEIR DENOTATIONS: IAS – “INDICATED AIRSPEED” means the speed of an air vessel indicated by its airspeed indicator co-operating with a Pitot tube, which is calibrated for the compressibility of an adiabatic airflow in the conditions of the standard atmosphere at sea level, without corrected errors of the airspeed measuring system. All IAS values in this manual presume the airspeed measuring system error to be zero. CAS – “CALIBRATED AIRSPEED” means the speed of an air vessel after aerodynamic and instrument correction. The calibrated airspeed is equal to the true airspeed in the conditions of the standard atmosphere at sea level. TAS – “TRUE AIRSPEED” means the airspeed of an air vessel, relative to the undisturbed airflow. It is CAS corrected by the change of air density depending on altitude and temperature. VNE – Maximum never exceed airspeed. This is a limit speed, which cannot be exceeded in any conditions. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 0 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 EDITION: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 0-10 VNO – Maximum structural cruising speed. This is a limit speed which cannot be exceeded except in non-turbulent conditions, and then, only with care. VA – Maneuvering speed. Above this speed, rapid or full displacement of the control surfaces may in certain circumstances result in exceeding the maximum permissible loads of the structure. VFE – Maximum airspeed with wing flaps extended. This is the maximum permitted airspeed of the airplane with wing flaps extended. VS1 – Stalling speed, or minimum airspeed of steady flight, at which the airplane is steer able in any other configuration than the landing configuration. VS0 – Stalling speed, or minimum airspeed of steady flight, at which time the airplane is controllable in the landing configuration. VX – Airspeed for the maximum rate of climb. This is the airspeed, at which the maximum increase of altitude in the shortest time may be achieved. VY – Airspeed for the maximum angle of climb. This is the airspeed at which the maximum increase of altitude over the shortest distance may be achieved. METEOROLOGICAL DENOTATIONS ISA – International Standard Atmosphere. OAT – Outside Air Temperature. This is the temperature of the static air, read from the thermometer, or received from the ground meteorological service, with instrument error and air compressibility effect corrected. Pressure altitude – This is the altitude read from the altimeter, preset to the standard pressure at the average sea level (1013 hPa). MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 0 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 EDITION: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 0-11 DENOTATION OF POWER AND RATING Take-off power – Maximum power. Maximum continuous power – Maximum power permitted for the whole flight. Engine failure – any engine malfunction, engine stop included. TERMINOLOGY USED FOR WEIGHTS AND DEFINITION OF THE CENTER OF GRAVITY OF THE AIRPLANE. Maximum takeoff weight – it is the maximum airplane weight at the moment of beginning the takeoff. Maximum landing weight – it is the maximum airplane weight in the moment of touch down. Empty airplane weight – It is the weight of the equipped airplane, with unusable fuel and full amount of operational agents (oil, cooling agent). Center of Gravity (CG) – imaginary point on the airplane. The airplane suspended at this point is in equilibrium. Limits of the CG – range of CG positions, which must not be exceeded when loading the airplane to a given total weight. MAC – the Mean Aerodynamic Chord. Consumable fuel – This is the amount of fuel, which may be consumed, without symptoms of a rough engine running. Unusable fuel – The amount of fuel, not less than that which gives the first symptoms of rough engine running, under the least favorable conditions for fuel feeding the fuel tank, which may occur during normal operation of the airplane. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 0 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 EDITION: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 0-12 OPERATIONAL DENOTATIONS Take-off run – the distance from the location where the airplane begins to move, to the location where the airplane lifts-off from the takeoff surface. Take-off distance – the distance from the location where the airplane begins to move, to the location where the airplane reaches the altitude of 50 ft. This distance is to be measured parallel to the takeoff surface. Landing distance – the distance from the location where the airplane has the altitude of 50 ft, to the location where the airplane stops. This distance is to be measured parallel to the takeoff surface. Landing run – the distance from the location where the airplane touches down on the landing surface, to the location where the airplane stops. Demonstrated crosswind capabilities – value of crosswind velocity for which it has been demonstrated that for take-off and landing no extensive pilot force, skill or concentration is required. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 1 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 1-1 SECTION 1 GENERAL LIST of CONTENTS Page 1.1 AIRPLANE 1-2 1.2 THREE-VIEW DRAWING AND BASIC TECHNICAL DATA 1-2 1.3 ENGINE 1-4 1.4 FUEL 1-5 1.5 PROPELLER 1-5 MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 1 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 1-2 SECTION 1 1. GENERAL 1.1 AIRPLANE KR-030 TOPAZ is a two-seat, aerodynamically controlled, high-wing monoplane. The airplane complies ASTM F 2245 – 09 requirements. 1.2 THREE-VIEW DRAWING & BASIC TECHNICAL DATA MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 1 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 1-3 BASIC TECHNICAL DATA Wing span 35.04 ft 10.68 m Overall length 19.52 ft 5.95 m Overal heigh 7.55 ft 2.30 m Wing surface 113.02 sq. ft 10.50 m2 Aileron area 2 x 4.30 sq. ft 2x0.40 m2 Flap area 2 x 4.74 sq. ft 2x0.44 m2 Elevator unit area 15.50 sq. ft 1.44 m2 Vertical tail unit area 11.84 sq. ft 1.10 m2 Gross weight 1235 lb 560.0 kg Max. airspeed at H = 0 m 110.0 kts Climbing airspeed at VX = 60 kts 4.0 m/s Climbing airspeed at VY = 75 kts 4.7 m/s Stall airspeed – flaps retracted 44 kts Stall airspeed – flaps extended 36.6 kts Engine speed [RPM] Airspeed [kts] (IAS) Flying range for H = 2625 ft [800 m] 4000 78.4 578 NM [1070 km] 4500 89.0 502 NM [930 km] 5000 99.6 459 NM [850 km] 5200 105.4 432 NM [800 km] 5500 108.5 362 NM [670 km] CONTROL SURFACE DEFLECTION WITH DEFLECTION TOLERANCES Surface Deflection Tolerance Ailerons Up Down 20o 15o -1,0o Flaps Position „0” Position „1” Position „2” -6 +15 +40 -0,5o -1,0o -1,0o Elevator Up Down 25o 20o -1,0o Rudder RH LH 35o 35o -1,5o MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 1 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 1-4 1.3 ENGINE ROTAX 912 UL engine is four cylinders, horizontal opposed, four-stroke, with spark ignition, liquid-cooled engine heads and air-cooled engine cylinders, equipped in two BING carburettors, electric starter integrated reduction gear and two magnetos. Sense of propeller shaft rotation – clockwise, looking from cockpit. 1.3.1 OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS (refer to ROTAX 912 UL engine Operation Manual) Max. power 59.6 kW [80 hp] at 5800 RPM max. 5 min. Max. continuous power 58.0 kW [78.9 hp] at 5500 RPM Max. engine speed 5800 RPM max. 5 min. Idling speed 1400 RPM 1.3.2 FUEL CONSUMPTION (refer to ROTAX 912 UL engine Operation Manual) At max. power 5.95 U.S. gal/h [22.5 l/h] At max. cont. power 5.02 U.S. gal/h [19.0 l/h] At 75% cont. power 4.49 U.S. gal/h [17.0 l/h] 1.3.3 OPERATIONA TEMPERATURES (refer to ROTAX 912 UL engine Operation Manual) Oil temperature: - Max. 284oF [140º C] - Min. 122oF [50º C] - Normal operational temp. 194o – 230oF [90º ÷ 110º C] Cylinder Head Temperature: - Max. 302oF [150º C] Temperature for starting the engine: - Max. 122oF [50º C] - Min. -13oF [-25º C] MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 1 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 1-5 1.3.4 OPERATIONAL PRESSURE (refer to ROTAX 912 UL engine Operation Manual) Max. oil pressure 101 psi [7 bar] Fuel pressure: - Max. 5.8 psi [0.4 bar] - Min. 2.17 psi [0.15 bar] 1.4 FUEL (refer to ROTAX 912 UL engine Operation Manual) Fuel grade:  Min. RON 95  EN 228 Premium  EN 228 Premium plus  AVGAS 100LL (see Section 2.9 of Rotax 912 UL MM) 1.4.1 FUEL TANK CAPACITY Total fuel tank capacity is 20.60 U.S. gal [78 l]. Total usable is 20 U.S. gal [76 l], unusable 0.52 U.S. gal [2 l]. 1.5 PROPELLER The AS 16500/1950 type propeller, made of carbon fiber, three blades with pitch adjustable on the ground. Prop diameter: 64.96 in [1.65 m] Sense of rotation: clockwise looking from cockpit Pitch angle setting, measured at blade cross-section in diustance 24.40 in [620 mm] from propeller axis: Reduction on the engine Pitch angle setting 2.27:1 20.5º 2.43:1 24.2º MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 1 General POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 1-6 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 2 Limitations and flight conditions POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 2-1 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS AND FLIGHT CONDITIONS LIST of CONTENTS Page 2.1 CREW 2-2 2.2 ALLOWED FLIGHT CONDITIONS 2-2 2.3 PROHIBITED FLIGHT CONDITIONS 2-2 2.4 MAX. TAKE-OFF WEIGHT 2-2 2.5 ALLOWED CENTER OF GRAVITY POSITION 2-2 2.6 STRUCTURAL LOAD FACTORS 2-3 2.7 ALLOWED AIRSPEED 2-3 2.8 STALL AIRSPEED 2-3 2.9 STATIC CEILING 2-3 2.10 ALLOWED ENGINE SPEEDS 2-3 2.11 TEMPERATURES 2-3 2.12 OTHER LIMITATIONS 2-4 2.13 FUEL AND OIL 2-5 2.14 INSTRUMENT MARKINGS 2-6 2.15 INSCRIPTIONS AND MARKINGS 2-8 MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 2 Limitations and flight conditions POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 2-2 SECTION 2 2. LIMITATIONS AND FLIGHT CONDITIONS 2.1 CREW Minimum crew: One pilot Total occupants: Two persons Minimum one occupant weight: 132 lb [60 kg] 2.2 ALLOWED FLIGHT CONDITIONS - VFR, day - Any maneuver pertaining to “normal” flight - Stalls, except whip stalls - Lazy eights - Chandelles - Turns in which angle of bank is not more than 60o for flaps “0” and no more than 30o for other flap settings 2.3 Prohibited flight conditions - IFR and night flight - Flight into known icing conditions - Aerobatic maneuvers - Inverted flight - Sideslips with angle of bank is more than 40o - Intended spins 2.4 MAXIMUM TAKE-OFF WEIGHT Max. allowed take-off weight 1235 lb [560 kg] 2.5 ALLOWED CENTER OF GRAVITY POSITION Allowed CG position 8.30 – 12.17 in [211 – 309 mm] behind leading edge of rectangular part of wing MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 2 Limitations and flight conditions POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 2-3 2.6 STRUCTURAL LOAD FACTORS Flaps set to “0” -6o Other flap settings VA = 88.0 kts n = +4, -2 VNE = 123 kts n = +4, -1.5 V = 33.6 ÷ 66.4 kts n = +2, 0 2.7 ALLOWED AIRSPEEDS Never-exceed airspeed VNE = 123 kts Rough air allowed airspeed no more than VC = 97.6 kts Manuvering airspeed - above this airspeed the controls deflection must be limited to 1/3 of full range VA = 88.0 kts Allowed airspeed with flaps extended Vs0 = 36.6 kts VFE = 66.4 kts 2.8 STALL AIRSPEED at W = 1235 lbs [560 kg] Flaps retracted VS = 44.0 kts Flaps extended VS0 = 36.6 kts 2.9 STATIC CEILING Static ceiling 14.760 ft [4.500 m] 2.10 ALLOWED ENGINE SPEEDS Take-off power 5800 RPM during max. 5 min. Max. continuous power 5500 RPM 2.11 TEMPERATURES Oil temperature - maximum 284oF [140oC] - minimum 122oF [ 50oC] Cylinder Head Temperature - maximum 302oF [150oC] Temperature to start the engine - maximum 122oF [ 50oC] - minimum -13oF [-25oC] 136 kts 136 kts 92.8 kts 92.8 kts 136 kts MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 2 Limitations and flight conditions POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 2-4 2.12 OTHER LIMITATIONS PRESSURES Oil pressure: - min. 11.6 psi [0.8 bar] at 3500 RPM - normal 29 – 72.5 psi [2 – 5 bar] - shortly during starting cold engine 101.5 psi [7 bar] Fuel pressure: - minimum 2.17 psi [0.15 bar] - maximum 5.8 psi [0.4 bar] POWER CONSUMPTION Maximum total electrical power consumption from 12 volts sockets on instrument panel equals 5A. PROPELLER Reduction on the engine Pitch angle setting 2.27:1 20.5º 2.43:1 24.2º Refer to AS Propeller Operation and Maintenance Manual for permissible propeller angle setting deviation. RESCUE SYSTEM USAGE LIMITATIONS - Minimum altitude for system activation 262 ft [80 m] MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 2 Limitations and flight conditions POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 2-5 2.13 FUEL AND OIL 2.13.1 THE FOLLOWING FUELS CAN BE USED: Usage/Description 912 UL /A / F MOGAS US standard ASTM D4814 ASTM D4814 AVGAS 100 LL (see following Warning) US standard Avgas 100LL (ASTM D910) Avgas 100LL (ASTM D910) WARNING AVGAS 100LL paces greater stress on valve seats due to its high lead content and forms increased deposits in combustion chamber and lead sediments in the oil system. Thus it should be only used in case of problems with vapor lock or when other types of gasoline are unavailable. CAUTION Risk of vapor formation if using winter fuel for summer operation. CAUTION Obey the latest edition of Service Information SI-912-016 for selection of the correct fuel. 2.13.2 RECOMMENDED OILS Motorcycle oil of a registered brand with gear additives. If using aircraft engine oil; than only blended one. Use only oil with API specification “SG” or higher. Not use oils designed for diesel engines. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 2 Limitations and flight conditions POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 2-6 CAUTION If the engine is mainly run on AVGAS more frequent oil changes will be required. See Service Information SI-912-016, latest edition. 2.13.3 OIL TANK CAPACITY Oil tank capacity 3.2 quart [3 l] 2.14 INSTRUMENT MARKINGS 2.14.1 AIRSPEED INDICATOR Airspeed range Arc color 40 – 66 kts White (1.1VS0 ÷ VFE) 48 – 88 kts Green (1.1VS1 ÷ VA) 88 – 123 kts Yellow (VA ÷ VNE) Above 123 kts Red 2.14.2 FUEL QUANTITY INDICATION In middle part of the instrument panel there is fuel gauge having scale divided onto five fuel quantity items described E(mpty), ¼, ½, ¾ and F(ull), and equipped in yellow light. When yellow light is glowing it means that in fuel tank is no more than 2.1 US gal [8 l] of fuel. Separate red light switch on when in fuel tank remained unusable fuel only. MAY 2017 04 136 kts 136 kts 92.8 kts Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 2 Limitations and flight conditions POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 2-7 2.14.3 TACHOMETER MARKINGS Engine speed range [RPM] Arc color 0 - 1400 Yellow 1400 – 5500 Green 5500 – 5800 Yellow Above 5800 Red 2.14.4 FUEL PRESSURE INDICATOR MARKINGS Values 2.2 psi [0.15 bar] and 5.8 psi [0.4 bar] are marked with red lines. 2.14.5 ENGINE INDICATORS MARKINGS CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE INDICATOR Temperature range oF [oC] Arc color 122 – 185 [50 – 85] Yellow 185 – 257 [85 – 125] Green 257 – 275 [ 125 – 135] Yellow Above 275 [135] Red OIL PRESSURE INDICATOR Pressure range psi [bar] Arc color 0 – 29 [0 – 2] Red 29 – 72 [2 – 5] Green 72 – 101 [5 – 7] Yellow Above 101 [7] Red OIL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR Temperature range oF [oC] Arc color 122 – 194 [50 – 90] Yellow 194 – 230 [90 -110] Green 230 – 284 [110 – 140] Yellow Above 284 [140] Red MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 2 Limitations and flight conditions POH-KR-030-LSA-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 2-8 2.14.6 VOLTMETER MARKINGS Areas below 12 Volt and above 15 Volts are marked with red color. 2.15 NOTICES AND PLACARDS In the cockpit, in full view of pilot there is a placard No aerobatic maneuvers, including spins, approved Next to rescue system (BRS) release handle there is notice seen for both occupants. WARNING PARACHUTE RESCUE SYSTEM USE IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY ONLY, 6((³3,/27¶23(5$7,1*+$1'%22.´ On fuselage upper part, in area where the rescue system is installed there is painted red triangle edged in white with notices: ³&$87,21´ and ³5(6&8(6<67(0´ MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-1 SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES LIST of CONTENTS Page 3.1 ELECTRIC SYSTEM FAILURE 3-2 3.2 AIRPLANE FIRE 3-4 3.3 ENGINE FAILURE 3-5 3.4 STARTING THE ENGINE IN FLIGHT 3-6 3.5 EMERGENCY DESCENDING 3-6 3.6 LANDING WITH SHUT-OFF ENGINE 3-7 3.7 CONTROL SYSTEMS FAILURE 3-8 3.8 BASIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FAILURE 3-9 3.9 EMERGENCY LANDING 3-9 3.10 ABNORMAL VIBRATION 3-9 3.11 EMERGENCY IN FLIGHT EVACUATION 3-10 3.12 RECOVERY FROM STALLS AND UNINTENDED SPINS 3-10 3.13 RESCUE SYSTEM USAGE 3-11 MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-2 SECTION 3 3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3.1 ELECTRIC SYSTEM FAILURE 3.1.1 ALTERNATOR / VOLTAGE REGULATOR FAILURE Signs: When red light on voltmeter illuminates it may indicate battery charging multifunction. Checking: Switch off the master switch and check electrically supplied devices operation. If they do not operate ± it confirms alternator / regulator failure. If they operate ± there exists another failure, e.g. voltmeter malfunction. - Switch off master switch. - Switch off all electrically supplied units, which are not necessary to flight. - Continue flight to place where a safe landing will be possible with the current flap setting. CAUTION The battery is capable of supplying the electrical system for about 20 min. with normal flight electric flight loads including flap and trim operation. Therefore, if necessary, only switch on electrical supplied devices for short periods. 3.1.2 Battery failure (short-circuit inside battery) Signs: 1) Voltage drop seen on voltmeter, battery charging light GRHVQ¶WLOOXPLQDWHRU 2) Tripped alternator fuses (first two from LH) MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-3 - Switch off master switch. - Check operation following devices:  flap actuator  trim actuator If they operate, continue flight. If not, land in place where landing will be possible with current flap setting. 3.1.3 OVER VOLTAGE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM - Switch off master switch. - Switch off instrument panel by turning ignition key to left position. - Continue flight to place where safe landing will be possible with the current flap setting. Note that in case of electric system failure (battery and alternator) continuation of normal flight is possible. In which case, the following XQLWVGRQ¶WZRUN - fuel gauge, - elevator trim, - flap actuator, - engine starter, - electric fuel pump, - navigation units, - engine parameter indicators. According to above pilot have to evaluate what is safety flight time with disposable amount of fuel and continue flight to place where landing is possible allowing flap setting. CAUTION Do not switch off ignition unit because after that engine starting in flight will be impossible. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-4 3.2 AIRPLANE FIRE 3.2.1 ENGINE FIRE - Ignition OFF - Fuel valve OFF - Throttle FULLY FORWARD - Electric master switch OFF - Perform slip to side opposite to fire (for cutting the flame) - Perform emergency landing with engine shut-off or use parachute rescue system if it is possible or when it is good reason. 3.2.2 OTHER AIRCRAFT COMPONENT IN FIRE - For fire source in the cockpit or accessible from the cockpit USE THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER. - For the fire source inaccessible from the cockpit, perform the slip WRWKHVLGHRSSRVLWHWRWKHILUH IRU³FXWWLQJ´WKHIODPH  - When the fire in the cockpit is extinguished, vent the cockpit interior. - Perform emergency landing with engine shut-off or use parachute rescue system if it is possible or when it is good reason. 3.2.3 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FIRE ,IWKHFDXVHRIWKHILUHPD\EHFOHDUO\GHILQHGDV³HOHFWULFDO´ - Main electric system switch (Master switch) - OFF - For fire source in the cockpit or accessible from the cockpit USE THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER - When the fire in the cockpit is extinguished, went the cockpit interior - According to situation, continue the flight to nearest airfield or perform the emergency landing with engine shut-off or use parachute rescue system if it is possible or when it is good reason. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-5 3.3 ENGINE FAILURE 3.3.1 ENGINE FAILURE DURING THE TAKE-OFF GROUND RUN - Throttle IDLE - Brakes AS DESIRED - Ignition OFF (ignition switch ± OFF position) - Fuel cut-off valve CLOSE - Main electrical switch (Master switch) OFF 3.3.2 ENGINE FAILURE AFTER LIFT-OFF [up to 330 ft (100 m)] - Ignition OFF (ignition switch ± OFF position) - Fuel cut-off valve CLOSE - Main electrical switch (Master switch) OFF - Avoid collision with obstacles LAND STRAIGHT AHEAD WARNING NEVER TRY TO TURN BACK TO RUNWAY - Avoiding collision with possible obstacles, stop the airplane with brakes, if desired. - In cause of engine fire escape airplane emergency (refer to paragraph 3.9. 3.3.3 ENGINE FAILURE IN FLIGHT CAUTION If reason of self-acting engine shut-off in flight is XQNQRZQ RU ZKHQ WKH UHDVRQ ZDV ILUH GRQ¶W WU\ WR start the engine. - Perform landing with engine shut-down. - If it possible, with regarding above NOTE, start the engine in flight. - If the in-flight engine starting is not possible, perform the emergency landing, as terrain conditions makes it possible, or use the active parachute rescue system. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-6 3.3.4 FUEL SUPPLY STOPPING - Fuel pressure indicator CHECK INDICATION - Fuel cut-off valve OPEN - Fuel gage CHECK FUEL AMOUNT - Fuel pump ON 3.3.5 OIL PRESSURE OUT OF RANGE - Close fuel cut-off valve and switch off ignition system. - Perform landing with engine shout-off. 3.4 IN-FLIGHT ENGINE STARTING CAUTION Starting of hot engine ± without choke. Starting of cold engine ± with choke. - Establish airspeed 60 ± 62 kts. - Set throttle lever IDLE - Ignition switch ON - Fuel cut-off valve Open - Electric fuel pump ON ± check fuel pressure - 3UHVVSXVKEXWWRQ³67$57´± after engine starting Check oil pressure - Set required engine speed - Monitor engine parameters during in flight. 3.5 EMERGENCY DESCENDING - Engine at IDLE. - Decrease airspeed to 69 kts. - 6HWIODSVWRSRVLWLRQ³´ o). - Continue descending flight to desired altitude. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-7 ,QFDVHZKHQIODSSRVLWLRQ³´VHWWLQJLVLPSossible to attain, set following airspeed: - :LWKIODSSRVLWLRQ³´ 82 ± 94 kts. - :LWKIODSSRVLWLRQ³´ 69 kts. 3.6 LANDING WITH ENGINE SHUT-OFF CAUTION 1) Performing safety maneuvers for landing with shut-off engine ±with turn 360o ± is possible at decision height no less than 1.000 ft [300 m] above terrain. 2) Performing turns with shut-off engine do not exceed the bank angle 15o. 3) Close fuel cut-off valve and switch off ignition system. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-8 3.6.1 LAST STAGE OF FLIGHT - Flap position ³´>-6o] - Airspeed 65 kts. - Descent 530 ft/min [2.7 m/s] - Gliding ratio approx. 12 3.6.2 TURN INTO APPROACH FOR LANDING - %HIRUHWXUQVWDUWLQJVHWIODSVLQWRSRVLWLRQ³´ o); - Choose altitude of beginning phase of turn depending on bank angle (see NOTE above); - Keep airspeed 67 kts. 3.6.3 APPROACH FOR LANDING - Reduce airspeed below 64 kts; - $WDOWLWXGHIW>P@VHWIODSVLQWRSRVLWLRQ³´>o]; - Set approach airspeed at 57 kts; - Switch off master switch; - At altitude approx. 25 ft [8 m] start with leveling out calculating that airspeed at 3 ft will be 44 kts; - Touchdown airspeed approx. 38 kts. Above procedure assure gently touch down on two main wheels and landing run without loss of direction. 3.7 CONTROL SYSTEMS FAILURE If the failure of any control system element makes the safety flight impossible using other control systems use active parachute rescue system. 3.7.1 AILERON CONTROL FAILURE The airplane lateral control is possible with rudder deflection. Performing angle of bank up to 15o is possible by means of rudder only. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-9 3.7.2 DIRECTIONAL CONTROL FAILURE It is possible to keep directional flight control by means of only the ailerons. 3.7.3 ELEVATOR CONTROL FAILURE When you observe lack of reaction on control stick pitch deflection but descending flight angle is approximately constant, check the airplane reaction against elevator trimmer deflection and different engine speeds. If airplane reaction on above action is not completely safe, keep as straight a flight as possible with an airspeed of 62 kts to appropriate place where landing without turns and with extended approach will be available. Land straight ahead with powered engine. Just after touchdown, shut off the engine. 3.8 BASIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FAILURE - Set engine speed at 4500 RPM. - Establish horizontal flight as for normal flight. - Continue flight controlling horizontal airplane position to appropriate place where performing of landing with extended approach will be available. - During turn do not exceed 15o bank. 3.9 EMERGENCY LANDING - Choose appropriate place for emergency landing. Depending on situation: - Perform landing as landing with shut-off engine or - If it is possible according to Section 4.12. 3.10 ABNORMAL VIBRATION 3.10.1 ABNORMAL VIBRATION CAUSED BY ENGINE OR PROPELLER FAILURE / DEMAGE - Immediately SHUT-OFF the engine. - Perform emergency landing with shut off engine. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-10 3.10.2 ABNORMAL VIBRATION - Reduce airspace. - If vibration still exists, perform emergency landing. 3.11 AIRPLANE IN-FLIGHT EVACUATION To perform emergency evacuation from the airplane: 1. Door locks: UNLOCK, MOVE THE LEVER DOWN 2. 3LORW¶VEHOW RELEASE 3. Doors: PUSH OUT WITH HANDS OR SHOULDERS AND ABANDON THE AIRPLANE 3.12 STALL AND SPIN RECOVERY 3.12.1 STALL RECOVERY In case of stall: - In straight flight ± Push the control stick forward and set all control surfaces in neutral position; - In turn - Push the control stick forward and gently act by means of aileron against bank direction; - After retaining controllability, gently push back control stick and lead the airplane to horizontal flight - Set engine speed as for horizontal flight. 3.12.2 SPIN RECOVERY CAUTION Following procedure is taken from experience with the same type of airplanes and is general recommended only. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 3 Emergency procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 3-11 In case of unintended spin following procedure should be done: 1. Throttle IDLE 2. Flaps 5(75$&7 326,7,21³´ 3. Ailerons NEUTRAL 4. Rudder FULLY APPLY AGAINST SPIN DIRECTION 5. Elevator PUSH FORWARD OUT OF NEUTRAL 6. Rudder AFTER SPIN RECOVER SET IN NEUTRAL POSITION Gently go to horizontal flight. WARNING INTENDED SPINS ARE PROHIBITED. 3.13 RESCUE SYSTEM USE If rescue system use is necessary should be perform following procedure: 1. Engine ignition system and Master switch OFF 2. Fuel cut-off valve Close 3. Release handle Pull out min. 1 ft [0.3 m] 4. Safety belts Fasten 5. Legs Give under yourself as it possible 6. Before touch down Protect your head (face) with hands NOTE: In case when rescue system was used at low altitude, start from point 3 and points 1 and 2 perform in the end. CAUTION During opening parachute rescue system the airplane is loaded with approximately 5 g. improper fastened safety belts may cause serious body injury. FOR OTHER EMERGENCY SITUATIONS USE TYPICAL STANDARD PROCEDURES. MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 4 Normal procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 4-1 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES LIST of CONTENTS Page 4.1 GENERAL 4-2 4.2 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 4-2 4.3 BEFORE ENGINE STARTING 4-5 4.4 ENGINE STARTING, HEATING AND TEST RUN-UP 4-6 4.5 TAXING 4-7 4.6 PRIOR TO TAKE-OFF 4-7 4.7 TAKE ±OFF 4-7 4.8 TAKE-OFF RUN WITH CROSSWIND 4-8 4.9 CLIMBING 4-8 4.10 LEVEL FLIGHT 4-8 4.11 STALL 4-8 4.12 DESCENT 4-9 4.13 GLIDING 4-9 4.14 APPROACH AND LANDING 4-9 4.15 LANDING WITH CROSSWIND 4-10 4.16 BALKED LANDING 4-11 4.17 AFTER LANDING 4-11 4.18 ENGINE SHUT-OFF 4-12 4.19 AIRPLANE PARKING 4-12 MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 4 Normal procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 4-2 SECTION 4 4. NORMAL PROCEDURES 4.1 GENERAL The airplane structure and power plant must be systematically and conscientiously inspected for the damages and wear symptoms. Particularly, during the ground maneuvers small damages may occur which, if not detected, may caused decrease of the airplane operational safety. If the kind of detected damage causes any doubt, contact the professional workshop or technician before starting the repair, including even minor repair. It is particularly important for the composite structures and parts. During the walk around, check the airplane visually for the general condition. In cold weather, all accumulations (even small!) of the snow, ice or frost must be removed from the wings, empennages and control surfaces. It causes serious decreasing aerodynamic characteristics and unwanted weight increase. Check if control surfaces are free of snow, ice, frost or dirt accumulation or other foreign bodies. 4.2 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION CAUTION Before checking the power plant, be sure that the ignition system is off (ignition switch ± off position), during the power plant check do not stay in the propeller range as does not necessary 1. Check all the external surfaces for deformation and/or damages. Check vents in wings and control surfaces for obstruction. 2. Check all the accessible bolt fastenings and securities (wings, braces and stabilator to fuselage, control system push-rods and control system levers). MAY 2017 04 Manufacturer: PPHU EKOLOT Model: KR-030 TOPAZ Section 4 Normal procedures POH-KR-030-LSA-1 3LORW¶V2SHUDWLQJ+DQGERRN Edition: 1 Revision No: 0 Date: JULY 2010 Date: Page 4-3 3. Remove the controls locks (if installed), check all the control surfaces (including wing flaps) for free deflection. 4. Check control surfaces and flap deflection (symmetry) for free PRYHPHQWVHWIODSVWR³´SRVLWLRQ 5. Check nose forward wheel and its position. With rudder in neutral position, the wheel should be directed straight ahead. 6. Check main gear ± inspect the main gear leg for cracks and ply separations and tires for general condition. 7. Check the tires pressure (26 to 29 psi) [1.8 to 2.0 bar]. Maximum pressure deference between wheels ± 1.5 psi [0.1 bar]. 8. Perform engine preflight inspection according to para 10.3.3 of ROTAX 912 UL Engine Operation Manual. 9. Check the oil level; refill if necessary. 10. Check the coolant level; refill if necessary. 11. Check the propeller for general condition (notches, cracks, scratches ± refer to Type AS Propeller Operation and Maintenance Manual). 12. Check the engine cowlings for general condition (fastening, latches). 13. Check the engine control levers for proper function (throttle and choke), set throttle lever at MIN and choke fully push forward. 14. Check the instrument panel for general condition. 15. Check the electrical system switches positions and ignition switch position ± DOOPXVWEHLQWKH³2))´SRVLWLRQ 16. Check the cabin interior for the foreign body presence. 17. Check the safety belts status (latches proper function, wear). 18. Remove all the covers of the Pitot system (if installed), check the Pitot system holes and inlets (must be clean and not obstructed). 19. Check fuel level; refill if necessary. 20. Check that all required airplane files there are on board. 21. Check attachment of rescue system (GRS) and parachute straps to fuselage structure. MAY 2017 04