TL-3000 Sirius PILOT´S OPERATING HANDBOOK

2.4 Load factors limits 2-4 2.5 Maneuver limits 2-4 2.6 Fuel 2-4 2.7 Horsepower rating, engine speed 2-5 2.8 Flight limitations 2-5 2.9 Maximum permissible wind speed 2-6 2-2 2.1 Speeds limitation Speeds shown are for full gross weight at sea level, standard conditions. 2.1.1 Airspeed indicator speed range markings MARKING KIAS (kts) SIGNIFICANCE White arc 31 - 75 Full-Flap Operating Range. Lower limit is maximum weight VS0 in landing configuration. Upper limit is maximum speed permissible with flaps extended to stage one (Takeoff) (Approach) setting. Green arc 36 - 107 Normal Operating Range. Lower limit is maximum weight VS at most forward CG with flaps retracted. Upper limit is maximum structural cruising speed. VCMN Yellow arc 107 - 138 Caution Range. Operations must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air Red line 138 Never Exceed Speed. Maximum speed for all operations. 2.1.2 Stalling speeds Stalling speeds at maximum take-off weight. V SPEED KIAS (kts) REMARKS VS Stall speed (no flaps) 36 Do not attempt to fly slower than this speed at full gross weight when operating without flaps. VS0 Stall speed (full flaps) 31 Do not attempt to fly slower than this speed when operating with full (Landing) flaps. 2.1.3 Flap extended speed range V SPEED KIAS (kts) REMARKS VFE Maximum flap extended speed: Stage 1 flaps: Stage 2 flaps: 75 65 Do not exceed these speeds with the given flap settings. Damage to the flap mechanism may occur due to excessive air loads. VS0 Stall speed (full flaps) 31 Do not attempt to fly slower than this speed when operating with full (Landing) flaps. NOTE 2-3 2.1.4 Maneuvering speed V SPEED KIAS (kts) REMARKS VA Maneuvering speed 81 Do not make full or abrupt control movements above this speed. 2.1.5 Never exceed speed V SPEED KIAS (kts) REMARKS VNE Never exceed speed 138 Do not exceed this speed in any operation. 2.2 Flight envelope Speeds in V – n diagram are shown in kilometers per hour (km/h). 1 km/h = 0,540 kts 1 kts = 1,852 km/h NOTE 2-4 2.3 Service ceiling Standard conditions, standard day: 6000 m 2.4 Load factors limits Flight load factors: flaps up: +4g, - 2g flaps down +2g, 0 g 2.5 Maneuver limits This airplane is certified as a ultralight aircraft (UL) and is not approved for aerobatic flight, including spins. All aerobatic maneuvers, including spins, are prohibited. An aerobatic maneuver is an intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in an aircraft’s attitude, an abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration, not necessary for normal flight. All aerobatic maneuvers, including spins, are prohibited. 2.6 Fuel Total capacity: 130 l Total unusable: 6,5 l Fuel consumption: max. 27l/h (at 5500 RPM) Approved fuel grade: 91 Unleaded auto gas (yellow) Alternate fuel grade: 100LL Avgas (Blue) 100LL Avgas is to be used as an alternate fuel type if 91 octane auto fuel is not available. Use of 100LL Avgas is restricted to less than 30% of engine operation time by the engine manufacturer. If 91 Octane Unleaded is not available during travel, adding 100LL Avgas in any proportion to partial tanks of 91 Unleaded is acceptable. It is recommended to avoid fuels that contain ethanol. WARNING WARNING RNING NOTE NOTE 2-5 2.7 Horsepower rating, engine speed Horsepower rating and engine speed: 100 BHP at 5800 RPM 2.8 Flight limitations The Sirius is certified for VFR/VMC flight conditions. Operation under IMC conditions is considered an emergency unless the aircraft is so approved. IFR Flight operations do not designate IMC flight conditions. NOTE 2-6 2.9 Maximum permissible wind speed For take-off, the maximum permissible wind speed data with vectors can be found in the following diagram: 3-1 3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.1 Emergency speeds 3-2 3.2 Emergency checklists 3-2 3.2.1 Engine fire during start 3-2 3.2.2 Engine failure take-off roll (abort) 3-2 3.2.3 Engine failure (landing) immediately after take-off 3-3 3.2.4 Engine failure during flight 3-3 3.2.5 Emergency landing without engine power 3-3 3.2.6 Precautionary landing with engine power (off airport) 3-4 3.2.7 Engine fire in flight 3-4 3.2.8 Inadvertent spiral 3-5 3.2.9 Inadvertent spin 3-6 3.2.10 Low oil pressure or loss of oil pressure 3-7 3.2.11 Carburetor icing 3-7 3.2.12 Exceeding maximum airspeed 3-7 3.3 Aircraft parachute system 3-7 3.3.1 Introducing 3-7 3-2 3.1 Emergency speeds Never Exceed Speed: 138 KIAS (kts) Stall Speed (No Flaps): 36 KIAS (kts) Stall Speed (Full Flaps): 31 KIAS (kts) 3.2 Emergency checklists 3.2.1 Engine fire during start: 1. Starter....................................................CONTINUE CRANKING If engine starts: 2. Power...........................................2000 RPM for a few seconds 3. Fuel valve.............................................................................OFF 4. Engine....................SHUTDOWN and INSPECT FOR DAMAGE If engine fails to start: 5. Throttle....................................................................FULL OPEN 6. Starter....................................................CONTINUE CRANKING 7. Ignition switches..................................................................OFF 8. Fuel valve..............................................................................OFF 9. Main switch...........................................................................OFF 10. Fire Extinguisher...........................................................OBTAIN 11. Airplane.....................................................................EVACUATE 12. Fire Extinguisher........................................USE AS REQUIRED 13. Airplane...............................................INSPECT FOR DAMAGE 3.2.2 Engine failure take-off roll (abort) 1. Throttle................................................................................IDLE 2. Brakes...............................................................................APPLY 3. Wing Flaps..................................................................RETRACT 3-3 3.2.3 Engine failure (landing) immediately after take-off 1. Airspeed..........................................................................65 KIAS 2. Wing flaps...........................................................................HALF 3. Fuel valve..............................................................................OFF 4. Main switch...........................................................................OFF 3.2.4 Engine failure during flight Engine restart: 1. Airspeed.........................................................................65 KIAS 2. Fuel valve...............................................................................ON 3. Aux. fuel pump......................................................................ON 4. Ignition switches...................................................................ON 5. Starter...........................................................................ENGAGE If restart fails, execute a forced landing. 3.2.5 Emergency landing without engine power 1. Airspeed........................................................................65 KIAS 2. Landing zone......................DETERMINE and FLY TOWARDS Engine shutdown: 3. Aux. fuel pump....................................................................OFF 4. Fuel valve.............................................................................OFF 5. Radio........... SET TO 121.5; TRANSMIT MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY!” and AIRCRAFT ID with CURRENT POSITION 6. Transponder..........................................................SET TO 7700 7. Landing zone..............................CIRCLE OVER (if necessary) Before landing: 8. Flaps................................................FULL (landing is assured) 9. All switches..........................................................................OFF 10. Harnesses....................................................................TIGHTEN 11. Touchdown...............PREFERABLY INTO WIND, NOSE HIGH 12. Brakes.....................................................APPLY AS REQURED 3-4 3.2.6 Precautionary landing with engine power (off airport) 1. Airspeed.......................................................................65 KIAS 2. Flaps.................................................................................HALF 3. Harnesses..................................................................TIGHTEN 4. Selected field...........EXECUTE LOW PASS (only if practical) 5. Electrical Equipment........................OFF (EXCEPT IGNITION 6. and MAIN SWITCH!) 7. Flaps..................................................................................FULL 8. Airspeed........................................................................55 KIAS 9. Touchdown..............PREFERABLY INTO WIND, NOSE HIGH 10. Cabin doors.................................................................UNLOCK The cabin doors may fully open and depart the airframe at high speeds (above 55 kts) if they are unlatched in flight. 11. Brake...……………………………….……APPLY AS REQUIRED 3.2.7 Engine fire in flight During an in-flight fire do not deploy the aircraft parachute system at high altitude. If the decision is made to use the parachute system and conditions permit, attempt to fly (DIVE) the aircraft to a lower altitude to minimize the time for the fire to spread within the cockpit. 1. Fuel valve........................................................................OFF 2. Throttle...............................................................FULL OPEN 3. Aux. Fuel Pump..............................................................OFF 4. Ignition Switches ..........................................................OFF 5. Cabin heat...............................................................CLOSED 6. Air vents........................................................AS REQUIRED 7. Cabin doors………………………….………..AS REQUIRED WARNING CAUTION 3-5 Maintaining approach speed, a low speed side-slip may cause the aircraft to stall and may enter a spin. 8. Radio..............SET TO 121.5; TRANSMIT MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY!” and AIRCRAFT ID with CURRENT POSITION 9. All non-essential switches...................................................OFF 10. Airspeed..........................................................................55 KIAS 11. Flaps.....................................................................................FULL 12. Force landing..............................................................EXECUTE 3.2.8 Inadvertent spiral If a spiral dive is encountered at night or with an inadvertent cloud penetration (IMC/IFR conditions), proceed as follows: A spiral dive at night or in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) is a serious, life threatening emergency. Consider the use of the GRS aircraft parachute system as the primary recovery technique. See Aircraft Parachute system deployment. If the aircraft parachute system is not deployed: 1. Airspeed..............CHECK, IF THE AIRSPEED IS INCREASING 2. Throttle................................................................................IDLE 3. Airspeed.............CHECK, IF THE AIRSPEED IS DECREASING 4. Throttle....................................................................FULL OPEN 5. Level the wings using coordinated aileron and rudder until the wings of the attitude reference or turn coordinator are level. Do not attempt to change the nose pitch attitude until the bank indication is level. 6. Apply elevator pressure using the attitude reference to maintain wings level until 65 KIAS is established on the airspeed indicator and the altimeter stops moving. WARNING WARNING RNING WARNING 3-6 When recovering from a nose-low attitude, do not over- stress the airframe by pulling back too abruptly on the flight stick. 7. Trim the aircraft to maintain 55 KIAS 8. Upon re-entering VFR/VMC conditions, resume normal cruise operation 3.2.9 Inadvertent spin Intentional spins in this airplane are prohibited. Should an inadvertent spin occur in this airplane, the following recovery procedure should be used: 1. Throttle...............................................................................IDLE 2. Ailerons.................................................................NEUTRALIZE 3. Rudder.........APPLY FULL (in opposite direction of rotation) 4. Elevator...........................................FORWARD (to break stall) 5. Rudder..................................................................NEUTRALIZE 6. Elevator.....................................RECOVER SMOOTHLY FROM NOSE-LOW ATTITUDE WARNING CAUTION 3-7 Close the throttle to prevent an unnecessary increase in airspeed. During a spin, one wing is in a stalled condition resulting in ineffective aileron inputs to control the rotation. Neutralize the ailerons, and apply full rudder in the opposite direction of rotation. Because an airfoil can stall at any airspeed and in any relation to the horizon, push forward on the stick to break the stall. 3.2.10 Low oil pressure or loss of oil pressure If a loss of oil pressure is accompanied by a rise in oil temperature, there is good reason to suspect an engine failure may occur. Reduce engine power and select a suitable field for a forced landing. Use only the minimum power required to reach the desired landing zone. 3.2.11 Carburetor icing Although the aircraft engine has a full time carburetor heating system, an unexplained drop in manifold pressure and eventual engine roughness may result from the formation of carburetor ice. Use both the throttle and the choke to maintain engine RPM. 3.2.12 Exceeding maximum airspeed If the aircraft exceeds VNE = 138 KIAS reduce power and speed immediately. Do not attempt abrupt control movement or unusual attitudes. Continue flight using minimum safe speed and control pressures to land as soon as possible. After landing have the aircraft airworthiness confirmed by a qualified mechanic to return it to service. 3.3 Aircraft parachute system 3.3.1 Introducing The Sirius comes standard with an aircraft parachute. It is imperative that the owner/pilot of this airplane read and understand the system operating manual provided by manufacturer of parachute rescue system. In most emergency scenarios, the use of the system is not necessary. The parachute system will increase the chance of occupant survival. CAUTION 3-8 The aircraft parachute system should be considered as the primary method of choice of recovery when the aircraft has departed controlled flight (out of control). When using the parachute rescue system, please také into account that the plane will be destroyed! If the system is used, certain steps should at least be attempted prior to activation: 1. Airspeed........................SLOW THE AIRCRAFT, IF POSSIBLE 2. Ignition.................................................................................OFF 3. Harnesses....................................................................TIGHTEN 4. Parachute activation handle......PULL FIRMLY (12 kg aprox.) 5. Radio............ SET TO 121.5; TRANSMIT MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY!” and AIRCRAFT ID with CURRENT POSITION 6. Transponder..........................................................SET TO 7700 7. Impact position..................................PULL LIMBS CLOSE TO BODY and COVER FACE Firmly pull the parachute activation handle out 45 cm with about 12 kg of force. The system should complete inflation in 1.5 – 3.5 seconds. Maximum speed for aircraft parachute deployment at gross weight: 138 KIAS WARNING WARNING RNING WARNING WARNING WARNING RNING 4-1 4. NORMAL PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.1 Preflight check 4-2 4.1.1 Cockpit 4-2 4.1.2 Exterior checklist 4-2 4.1.2.1 Nose area 4-2 4.1.2.2 Right wing 4-3 4.1.2.3 AFT fuselage 4-3 4.1.2.4 Left wing 4-4 4.2 Operating checklist 4-4 4.2.1 Engine start 4-4 4.2.2 Pre-taxi 4-5 4.2.3 Taxi 4-6 4.2.4 Engine run-up 4-6 4.2.5 Before takeoff 4-6 4.2.6 Takeoff 4-7 4.2.7 Climb 4-7 4.2.7.1 Best angle of climb speed 4-7 4.2.7.2 Best rate of climb speed 4-8 4.2.8 Cruise 4-8 4.2.9 Before landing 4-8 4.2.10 Landing 4-8 4.2.11 Soft field 4-9 4.2.11.1 Soft field take off 4-9 4.2.11.2 Soft field landing 4-9 4.2.12 Balked landing 4-9 4.2.13 After landing 4-9 4.2.14 Shutdown 4-10 4.2.15 Securing the plane 4-10 4-2 4.1 Preflight check All exterior preflight inspection items, including the cockpit section, can be conducted from outside the airplane. 4.1.1 Cockpit 1. All switches............................................................................OFF 2. Fuel valve...............................................................................OFF 3. Main switch..............................................................................ON 4. Fuel gauge................................CHECK QUANTITY Left - Right 5. ELT control panel indicator............................CHECK STATUS 6. Lightning…………………………………..ON – Check, then OFF 7. Flaps.........................................................PROPER OPERATION 8. Main switch............................................................................OFF 9. Flight controls.........................................PROPER OPERATION 10. Trim............................................................................CENTERED 11. Required documentation..........................................ON BOARD 12. Baggage.......................................................................SECURED 13. Seats...............................................................................SECURE 14. Proceed to exterior checklist 4.1.2 Exterior checklist 4.1.2.1 Nose area 1. Windshield.......................................................................CLEAN 2. Cowling...................................................SECURE, screws tight 3. Prop/Spinner....................................................................CHECK 4. Air inlets...........................................................................CLEAR 5. Oil..................................................................CHECK QUANTITY 6. Coolant.........................................................CHECK QUANTITY 7. Nose strut assembly......................................................CHECK 8. Nose tire...................................CHECK INFLATION and WEAR 9. Chock............................................................................REMOVE 10. Firewall fuel gascolator............CHECK for debris and DRAIN, CHECK STRAINER in gascolator 11. Fuel and oil tank vents...................................................CLEAR NOTE 4-3 12. Traffic alert antennae...................................................SECURE 13. Transponder antennae.................................................SECURE 14. Fuselage fuel pump.......................................DRAIN, check for water and contaminates 4.1.2.2 Right side of the airplane 1. ELT............................................CHECK ARMED AND SECURE 2. Gear leg and brake line..................................................CHECK 3. Wheel pant and bracket.……………...…………………SECURE 4. Brake pads and disk………...………..…….CHECK FOR WEAR 5. Tire……………..…………......…CHECK INFLATION and WEAR 6. Chock…….……………………......…...………....……….REMOVE 7. Wing latitude referencing edge…………....………….…CHECK 8. Wing aux tank ………………CHECK QUANTITY / FUEL TYPE 9. Wing aux tank cap………………...…….……….....……SECURE 10. Under wing inspection port..SECURE / CHECK CONTINUITY 11. Wing tip cover and enclosed lights………………....….CHECK 12. Aileron, tab and hinges…………….……………..………CHECK 13. Flap and hinges……………………………………..…..…CHECK 4.1.2.3 AFT fuselage 1. Chute window and shroud lines..........................FREE FROM INTERFERENCE 2. VHF antenna................................................................SECURE 3. AFT tie down…………………………………….........…REMOVE 4. Static port…………………………………………………...CLEAR 5. Right horizontal stabilizer…………………….........……CHECK 6. Rudder and tab……………………………………..…...…CHECK 7. Elevator, trim tab and hinges……………………..…….CHECK 8. Tail cone control bolts and hinges................SECURE / FREE to MOVE 4-4 9. Tail cone……….......................................…...FREE OF DEBRIS 10. Left horizontal stabilizer……………...………….….……CHECK 11. AFT inspection cover………………………….......…….SECURE 12. AFT strobe and position light………………….......…....CHECK 4.1.2.4 Left side of the airplane 1. Flap and hinges.............................................................CHECK 2. Aileron and hinges………………………………..……....CHECK 3. Wing tip cover and enclosed lights.............................CHECK 4. Tie down strap……..…………………………….…....…REMOVE 5. Wing latitude referencing edge…………….……...……CHECK 6. Under wing inspection ports…...................SECURE / CHECK CONTINUITY 7. Wing aux tank…….……….CHECKT QUANTITY / FUEL TYPE 8. Wing aux tank cap…………………..………….………..SECURE 9. Gear leg and brake line……..........................................CHECK 10. Wheel pant and bracket...............................................SECURE 11. Brake pads and disk…………………....….CHECK FOR WEAR 12. Tire……………………....………CHECK INFLATION and WEAR 13. Chock…………………………........…………..…………REMOVE 4.2 Operating checklist 4.2.1 Engine start 1. Harnesses...............................................ADJUST and FASTEN 2. Headsets..........................................................ON and ADJUST 3. All switches...........................................................................OFF 4. Fuel valve…….………………………..………………………….ON 5. Throttle…………..…………………………....……...……...….IDLE 6. Main switch……….………………………………….………..….ON 4-5 7. Aux fuel pump……………………….......….MOMENTARILY ON 8. Aux fuel pump…………………………..………………………OFF 9. Ignition switches…...………………………………...…...........ON 10. Check area visually and call out….…...……”CLEAR PROP!” Call out “CLEAR PROP!” through the doors vent window. Also use a visual signal by rotating your hand vertically with an index finger up to indicate propeller movement. This step is intentionally some steps ahead of the starter engagement to allow time for the nearby personnel to clear the propeller movement area. 11. Brakes……………………………………..............…………HOLD 12. Choke…………………….……………..…......….AS REQUIRED 13. Starter……………………………..............................…ENGAGE 14. Throttle……………………………..…….…..…………2000 RPM 15. Oil pressure………………….………….….…….………..CHECK 16. Choke……………………..……..….CLOSED as engine warms 17. Instrument switch.……………………………………………..ON 18. Strobe lights….………………………....….........……………..ON 19. Intercom…….…….…………………….….........………………ON 20. Doors...................................................CLOSED and LOCKED 4.2.2 Pre-taxi 1. Oil pressure..................................................................CHECK 2. Transponder.............................................................STANDBY 3. VHF.......................................................................................ON 4. GPS.......................................................................................ON 5. Other avionics………………...........................…………..….ON 6. Turn coordinator…………..................................…….…LEVEL 7. Altimeter…….........…SET (note any field elevation variance) 8. GRS safety pin…….…...……………REMOVED and STOWED 9. Warm-up…………………......………......…….…AS REQUIRED CAUTION 4-6 4.2.3 Taxi 1. Area.................................................................................CLEAR 2. Brakes..................................CHECK and APPLY AS NEEDED 3. Steering...........................................................................CHECK 4. Compass.........................................................................CHECK 5. Attitude reference track display ……...……..………….CHECK 6. Turn coordinator…………………….......….…CHECK (in turns) Breaking and systematically applied brakes could decrease the brake affectivity due to the hydraulic liquid overheating. 4.2.4 Engine run-up 1. Brakes................................................................................HOLD 2. Oil temperature............................................................50° C min 3. Oil pressure..............................................................12 - 102 PSI 4. Cylinder head temperature……….…...…..…………..50° C min 5. Throttle……………………………………….......………4000 RPM 6. Ignition switches...................................300 RPM DROP (max), 120 RPM DIFF (max) 7. Throttle……………….....………………………………..2000 RPM 8. Fuel pressure………........………………………..….…….CHECK If you inadvertently switch off both ignitions at high RPM, do not turn the switches back on. Allow the engine to come to a stop and restart the engine. 4.2.5 Before takeoff 1. Flaps...........................................................................SET HALF 2. Harnesses.....................................................................SECURE 3. Loose items..................................................................SECURE 4. Instruments.....................................................CHECK and SET 5. EMS data………....…………………………...……….........CHECK WARNING WARNING 4-7 6. VHF attitude reference.……………………..……………….…SET 7. Transponder…………………………………...………....ON / ALT 8. Trim…………………………………………………………….....AFT 11. Controls………..........……..FREE and CORRECT MOVEMENT 12. Doors………………………….….…….…CLOSED and LOCKED 13. GRS safety pin…………………..……….…..CHECK REMOVED 14. Aux fuel pump…………………………...………..AS REQUIRED Operation of both the engine driven and the auxiliary fuel pump for take-off and landing is not recommended. The combined pump output has been observed to overcome the carburetor float valve fuel cutoff, flooding the carburetor, preventing full power engine operation or cause engine failure. 4.2.6 Takeoff 1. Flaps....................................................................CHECK (HALF) 2. Throttle...............................................................................FULL 3. Rotate..............................................................................45 KIAS 4. Throttle..................................MONITOR (5800 RPM maximum) 5. Climb………………….……...…...…………………..…….75 KIAS 6. Flaps…………………………….……...…RETRACT AT 500 AGL 4.2.7 Climb 1. Throttle…...........................SET TO 5500 RPM (or as required) 2. Climb................................................................................75 KIAS 3. Trim..........................................................ADJUST AS NEEDED 4. EMS data.........................................................................CHECK 5. Aux Fuel Pump………………......…….…………….OFF (if used) 4.2.7.1 Best angle of climb speed Best angle of climb speed (Vx) is 55 KIAS. WARNING 4-8 4.2.7.2 Best rate of climb speed Best rate of climb speed (Vy) is 65 KIAS. 4.2.8 Cruise 1. Throttle….....................................................5000 TO 5200 RPM 2. Trim....................................................................LEVEL FLIGHT 3. Fuel status.................................................................MONITOR 4. EMS data........................................................................CHECK 4.2.9 Before landing 1. Harnesses…................................................................SECURE 2. Airspeed........................................................................75 KIAS 3. Fuel……......................................................CHECK QUANTITY 4. Secure loose items 5. Aux Fuel Pump…………………........................AS REQUIRED 4.2.10 Landing On downwind leg: 1. Throttle…...................................................SMOOTHLY TO IDLE 2. Airspeed...........................................................................75 KIAS On base leg: 3. Airspeed…………...................…………………….….……55 KIAS 4. Flaps……..............................................................................HALF 5. Trim……………………………...................…......ADJUST TO AFT . On final approach: 6. Airspeed……………………………….....……………..……55 KIAS 7. Flaps……………………………………………….…..…………FULL 8. Trim………………………...............................AFT AS REQUIRED 9. Throttle……………………………............…IDLE (or as required) 10. Flaps……................................................................CHECK FULL 11. Airspeed……………………....….........…55 KIAS (on short final) 12. Touchdown………….............MAIN WHEEL FIRST, NOSE HIGH 13. Braking…………………......………………………………MINIMUM 4-9 4.2.11 Soft field 4.2.11.1 Soft field take off When taxiing over soft ground, keep constant back pressure on the flight stick to relieve stress on the nose strut. Set flaps on HALF position before entering the runway. Maintain elevator back pressure, and when clear for takeoff, add enough power to just get the airplane moving. As the airplane accelerates, smoothly add full power. As airspeed increases, raise the nose wheel off the ground, and when the airplane becomes airborne, level the nose to remain in ground effect until VX is reached and accelerate to Vy. When Vy has been established, continue on a normal climb-out. 4.2.11.2 Soft field landing The only difference between a normal landing and a soft field landing is keeping the nose wheel off the runway surface for as long as possible. To do this, float down the runway in ground effect rather than flaring to bleed off airspeed. This will decrease the sink rate to help prevent a hard landing. As the airspeed slows, flare just slightly enough to raise the nose wheel, but do not establish a high sink rate. Allow the airplane to settle to the runway. Roll, and as the airplane decelerates, allow the nose wheel to gently settle Do not allow the nose wheel to touch down on landing. This could result in the nose wheel digging into the soft runway and loss of airplane control. Continue the landing to the ground. Use as little braking as necessary throughout the entire landing and taxi. 4.2.12 Balked (go around) landing 1. Throttle…............................................................................FULL 2. Flaps...................................................................................HALF 3. Airspeed…….............................................................55 KIAS, VX 4. Flaps…….......……RETRACT WHEN CLEAR OF OBSTACLES 5. Airspeed……………..............…………..……………..65 KIAS, VY 4.2.13 After landing 1. Flaps…..................................................................RETRACTED 2. Aux fuel pump.....................................................OFF (if used) 3. Transponder.............................................................STANDBY 4-10 4.2.14 Shutdown 1. Throttle….............................................................................IDLE 2. GPS.......................................................................................OFF 3. Transponder.........................................................................OFF 4. Other avionics…………….….………………......……....……OFF 5. Strobes…………………………………………......….....…......OFF 6. Flaps…...................................................................RETRACTED 7. Instrument switch………….………………….....….….……..OFF 8. Main switch……….………………………………….…...….…OFF 9. Ignition switches...........................................OFF (one at time) 10. Fuel valve........................................................................CLOSE 11. GRS safety pin................................................................INSERT 12. Cabin doors…………………….………….………………….OPEN It is imperative that the GRS safety pin be reinserted into its respective locking position before the crew and passenger disembark the airplane in order to prevent an accidental firing of the rocket system. 4.2.15 Securing the plane 1. Vents........................................CLOSED and TURNED DOWN 2. Doors….................................................CLOSED and LOCKED 3. Wheels….........................................................................CHOCK 4. Tie downs…..................................................................SECURE 5. Pitot cover...........................................................ON if required 6. Aircraft cover......................................................AS REQUIRED WARNING 5-1 5. PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.1 Take off distances 5-2 5.2 Rate of climb 5-2 5.3 Cruise speed 5-2 5.4 Fuel consumption 5-2 5.5 Landing distances 5-2 5.6 Airspeed indication system error correction 5-3 5-2 Speeds shown are for standard equipped aircraft with the PowerMax propeller and 100 HP ROTAX engine. 5.1 Take off distances Takeoff roll distance: 370 ft max power, half flaps, paved RWY Takeoff distance over a 50ft obstacle: 1400 ft, max power, half flaps, paved RWY 5.2 Rate of climb Rate of climb: 1100 ft/min at 65 KIAS, (VY, max power, half flaps)Maximum cruise speed: 120 KIAS (VH, max continuous power) 5.3 Cruise speed Design cruise speed: 100 – 120 KIAS Maximum cruise speed: 120 KIAS (VH, max continuous power) 5.4 Fuel consumption Maximum power: 27,0 l/hr (Fuel flow at cruise altitude will be less) Maximum continuous power: 25,0 l/hr (Fuel flow at cruise altitude will be less) 75% continuous power: 18,5 l/hr (Fuel flow at cruise altitude will be less) For more information see the Operation manual for ROTAX® engine. 5.5 Landing distances Landing roll with braking: 490 ft, heavy braking, dry paved RWY Landing roll without braking: 1200 ft, no braking, dry paved RWY Landing distance over a 50ft obstacle: 1050 ft, idle power, full flaps, dry paved RWY NOTE NOTE 5-3 5.6 Airspeed indication system error correction IAS (km/h) CAS (km/h) Cruising configuration Take-off configuration Landing configuration 50 58 55 60 67 66 70 76 76 80 85 86 86 90 93 95 97 100 102 105 107 110 110 114 117 120 119 124 127 130 128 134 140 136 144 150 146 160 155 170 164 180 174 190 183 200 193 210 203 220 213 230 223 240 234 250 244 Speeds in V – n diagram are shown in kilometres per hour (kmh). 1 km/h = 0,540 kts 1 kts = 1,852 km/h NOTE 6-1 6. WEIGHT, BALANCE AND EQUIPMENT LIST TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.1 Procedure 6-2 6.2 Empty weight center of gravity calculations 6-2 6.3 Loaded weight and balance calculations via diagram 6-4 6.4 Forward center of gravity calculations 6-4 6.5 Rear center of gravity calculations 6-5 6.6 Horizontal distance from datum plane 6-6 6.7 Weight & balance data worksheet notes 6-6