Part 23 arrl JAR-VIA, awlicants may fin:i the FM 'AC 23-BA, "flight Test
12/21/92 AC 21.17-3 d. Flight Test Guide. Because of the similarities between FAR Part 23 arrl JAR-VIA, awlicants may fin:i the FM 'AC 23-BA, "flight Test Q.ude for the Ce.rtificatioo of Part 23 Airplanes, '\lseful in pl~ and e.xecut.in:J their flight test prr.gram.
e. Airplane Flight Manual. An airplane flight manual that meets the requirenents of FAR § 21. 5 is required. '!he criteria of the JAR-VI.A SUq:iart title:i ".Aeroplane Flight Marual and lq;:prove:i Manual Material" will satisfy the requi.rement.s of FAR§ 21.s.
f. InstructiaJS for emtinued Airworthiness. 'Ihe Mainte.nanoe Manual criteria of JAR-VIA 1529 are adequate to meet the requirements of FAR § 21.50.
g. 01arqes to VI.A Type Certificates. The requirements of FAR Part 21, SUl::parts O arrl E are awlicable for a_wrovirq d°lan;1es to type certificates issued for VIA designs, incluiirq the issuance of SUWlemental type certificates (S!C). Normal FM "field awrt1-1a.1" proc:.Erlures may also be a_wlied for d1arges made to in:lividual airplanes.
h. USe of C§ignated Ergi,.nem:irg Representatives (DER'sl • .Applicants are erx::niraged to use the services of FAA IER's, inclu:ling IER flight tests pilots, to the maxim..nn extent practicable. A list of self exployed IER's is available fran the N.X), or the awlicant may wish to naninate their own qualified erqineers and flight test pilots for designatia, urrler FAR§ 183.29. F\1rther zrlvice cri the use of IER's may be obtained fran the :ACO. 'Ihe Drn's authorized to make findings of a::rrplian:e with FAR Parts 23, 33, or 35 are also authorized to make findings of a::::mplian:e wi.th the carparable secticns of JAR-VIA and JAA-22 SUl::parts Hand J. In all cases, IER_findings nust a:>IIesp:rd to their technical areas of delegated authority.
7. OOISE RE)'.;{Jl]\TI(FS. 'Ihe mise certificatioo requi.rement.s of FAR Parts 21 and 91, and the mise stardards for aircraft type and airworthiness certificatioo of FAR Part 36, SUl::parts A arrl Fare a.i;:plicable to VIA beirq certificated as a special class aircraft.
8. PBQY'ISICW\L T'iPE CERITFICATES. 'Ihe Provisional 'Iype Ce.rtificate provisia,s of FAR Part 21, SUq:)art c, are awlicable to VI.A bei.rq type certificated as a special class aircraft.
9. U':t?INE N:{O m;:>PELI.ER T'fPE CERITFICATIOO OPria-lS. The En:Jine arrl Propeller Directorate is respcnsible for starrlardizi.rq national technical policy for the certificatioo and continued airworthiness of erqines and p?:'q)ellers as awrova:1 by FAR Parts 33 and 35, respectively. Also, up:>n request, the Erqine and Propeller Directorate will zrlvise and ca.msel anycne certifyi.rq VI.A erqines and pI'q)ellers in acx:::ordan:::e with sutparts Hand J of JAR-22.
a. If the powered sailplane p:,...iel.'plant airworthiness starrlards of JAR-22, SUl::pa.rts H arrl J are USErl for type certification of the erqine a.rrl/or propeller, respectively, the erqine anj/or prcpe.ller are a_wroved Par 6 12/21/92 AC ~l.17-3 as an integral part of the airplane. The awlicant for type certification of the VIA is resJX)nSible for shc""'d.rg cxr.pli~ with the requirements. Sepi::lrate type certificates will rci: be issued for either the en:;:rine or propeller. FM approval of an erqine a.rd/or prcpeller installoo in one VI.A design does not in ard of itself cx:nstitute awroval of the sane en:;Jine a.rd/or prq:,eller in another VIA type design. FM approved data develq::,ed in an earlier certification project will be used to the maxirrum extent possible within the guidelines govern.in: ; prq:,rietary data. ~liers of en:;:rines ard propellers to VI.A type certificate applicants may wish to sut=POrt the airplane designers' certification arrl retain rights to use data awrove:l by the FM in the process to assist other awlicants.
b. Ergines or propellers type certificated by a JM member authority urrler JAR-E or JAR-P, respectively, arrl manufactured in a camtry with which the U.S.
has cx:n::lu1ed a bilateral airworthiness agreen:ent cx,veri.rg en;ines arrl propellers, may be separately type certificated by the FM usin;J the procedures for i.nport prooucts urrler FAR § 21. 29. D..rrirq FM type certification, the FM considers the e.rgines arrl propellers certificated urrler JAR-E arrl JAR-P, respectively, to be equivalent to e1¥1:i.nes arrl prcpellers type certificated urrler FAR Parts 33 arrl 35, resi.,eoti vely. 'Iheref ore, VI.A type certificated by FM to JAR-VIA usin;J JAR-E e1¥1ines arrl JAR-P prq:iellers may be certificated as FAR Part 23 unormal categocy" (i.e., rot "special class") airplanes. See AC 23-11 for m:>re information.
10. rnocucrroo CERITFICATION. To be eligible for a starrlard ai.rworthi.ness
certificate urrler FAR § 21. 183 (a), the VIA must be manufactured urrler one of the prcx:luction approval systems identified in FAR Part 21, SUl:parts F arrl G. Mvisocy Circular 21-lB, Prcduction Certificates, provides information ard gui~ on the ao:::eptable zreans for canplyirq with the regulations conce.mirg Fe's. For i.nported airplanes to be eligible for a starrlard ai.rwort.hiness certificate, they will have to meet all of the requirements of FAR § 21. 183 (c).
11. , ATIM)RIHINESS CER!'IFICATI(t.'J. For VI.A to re:ei ve a starrlard airworthiness certificate urrler FAR § 21. 183 (a) , the airplanes must have a type certificate arrl be manufactured urrler an FM approved prcrluction system. The airplanes will be issua:i sta.rrlard airworthiness certificates, FM Fenn 8100-2, in a· m.~ like that for any other aircraft re:ei vi.rg the saroo certificate. Since the VI.A is type certificated as a special class of aircraft, the category in FM Fann 8100-2, block 4, will be identified as VIA-Special Class. For VI.A to rea2ive a sp:cial a~rthiness certificate for a p.rrpose identifiErl in Fl'>R § 21. 175 (b), use FM Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate. 'll1e Sa.m:! procedures would awly as specified in current FAR arrl FM policies.
12. IMR'.)Rl'ED VI.A. The import product type certification requirem?.nts of FAR § 21.29 arrl import prcrluct airworthw..ss certification requirer.ents of FAR § 21.183(c) are applicable to VI.A designe:::l to rreet the criteria of JAR-VI.A. The FM type certification basis for i.nport VI.A with JAR-22 ~i.nes arrl prq::.ellers installed will also be sha.m on the 'KI:6 as FAR § 21.17 (b) .
13. IDEm'IFICATION AND RffiISTRA.TION MAKING. The identification arrl re:;istration marki.n::J requirerrents of FAR Part 45 are applicable to VI.A type certificated as a special class of aircraft. Advisory Circular 45-2, Identification and AC 21.li'·-3 Registration Markin.Js, provides guidance arrl Worm3.tion corcern.i.rq the identification arrl m:rrki.rq requiren'£'.nts of FAR Part 45. Th.is AC provides a refe.re.noe for ai;:plyin.J a.rrl locatin.J these mark.i.nqs.
14. REFQRJ'I}K; FAIUJRE.S, MAUUNCTIO-JS, &~ DEr'EX'.TS. Holders of a type certificate for VlA type certificated as a special class of aircraft are required to report failures, malfunctions, arrl defects un::ier FAR § 21. 3.
1hese reporti.rg requirements also ai;:ply to the engine a.rd/or pl"q)eller \vhen they are certificated as a part of the VlA.
15. AIJM)RIHINESS DIRECTIVES.
a. Airworthiness Directives (A.D's) may be issued on VlA type certificated as a special class of aircraft in acx:x::,rd.3..nce with FAR Part 39. If the }:)Otential unsafe corrlition is with either the JAR-22 engine or propeller, the AD will be issued against the VlA type certificate \i.e., not the engine or propeller type certificate} because the engine arrl propeller are type certificated as an integral part of the VI.A. If engines or propellers of the same basic design are ai;:proved for installation on other VlA type designs, add.itional AD's may be issued to protect all affected VI.A types.
b. Holders of VI.A type certificates are required to develop act.ioos to resolve all significant in-service safety diffia.uties resulti.rg fran either design or prcrluct.ion quality inadequacies. If the FM determines that an AD is~, the type certificate holder will be expected to develop the nea:>ssary service instruct.ions as required by FAR § 21. 99.
16. APPIJCABI.E OPERATIONS AND ~CE RmJI.ATIONS. All privileges arrl requi..rem:nts of FAR Parts 43 arrl 91 ai;:plicable to aircraft havi.rg a "sta:rrlard" airworthiness certificate ar.e ai;:pl icable to VI.A hold.irq a "sta:rrlard" airworthiness certificate in the ''VI.A-Special Class" category.
''VIA-Special Class" aircraft type certificated un::ier FAR § 21. 17 (b) are eligible for "sta:rrlard airworthiness certificates" un::ier FAR § 21. 183, arrl shcul.d oot be thcught of as aircraft holdirg a "special airworthiness certificate" as envisaged by FAR § 21.175(b).
17. aI'HER APPLIC'.ATI0-1S OF THE JAR-VI.A STANDr\RC6 rn THE U.S. AIRCR'VJ' CERITFI CATION SYSTEM.
a. The apperded figure and notes on "Airworthiness Certification Options for Small Airplanes" are provided to shaw the interrelationship bet:ween the varic:us classifications, categories, arrl kirxis of airworthiness certificates issued in the U.S. aircraft certification regulatory system. Fran this figure arrl its notes, one can see haw the JAR-VU\ may be used, leading to the issua.11C8 of starrla.rd airworthiness certificates in either the nonna.l category or ''VI.A-Special Class" category. It is also ar:parent that the JAR-VI.A m..1y be used, le...1di.n:; to the issuance of "Primary category" type arrl airworthiness certification as -well. If the primary catcxJory aircraft is nunufacturoo uroer a prcrluction certificate or APIS or assembled un::ic.r the ~ision of a prcrluction certif icate/APIS holder it m.1y be given a special ~ I r n r l 3 AC 21.17-3 12/21/92 ai..rw1orthinest1 certificate. It also shculd be noted that ai.rcraft of a design type ~ificatecl in the Primacy cat.eg:lcy with cx:mp::ne.nts and pal."ts prc:rluoed urrle.r a FC or APIS that are assent>led by a private ruilder witha.:It the ma.rufacturer's supe.rvisiai, may rec.eive a "Kit-aii.1.t°' experimental~ certificate.
'!his procedure is awlicable even t.ha.qh m:>re tt..an so peroant of the c:x:np:nants
and parts are provided to the ruilder.
b. Perscns interested in oota.i.run:J a "rormal ca~ type oertif icate usin;J JAA.-VI.A, havin;J an en;Jine type certificated urrler FAR Part 33 and a prq:,eller type certificated urder FAR Part 35 shculd re.fer to N; 23-11 for rore details.
18. JtJmE TO OBrA1N '1HE ~ JAA. Cq,ies of the JAA Joint Aviatiai ReqUirements for Very Light Ae:rc:planes (JAR-VI.A) and Joint Airworthiness ReqUirements for sailplanes and~ sailplanes (JAA.-22), may be p.ll."d1asErl fran: Civil Aviatia, I\Uthority Printin;J and F\lblicatia, Services Greville Hcuse, 37 Grat:t.a, Road Che.lterbam, Gl~ GL50 2ffi Ergland 19. h'HERE '.IO OOID mu;rncm FM FUBLICATICNS. All FAR p.mlicaticns referen::::ed in this N:; may be obtained fran: SUper.i.ntendent of Dxunents U.S. Gavernoont Printin;J Office 'WaJsh.i.r::gta, oc, 20402 or fran U.S. GoV'e:mnent Printin;/ Office book stores located in major cities ~ the U.S.
rrhe CXl6t of N; 23-SA, "Flight Test Guide tor Cert.ificatia, of Part 23 Airplanes," stock Nl.mt)er (SN) OS0-007-00S17-l is $12.00. Serrl cneck or nx:ney order with ycm request payable to "SUperi.nt.e.ooe.nt of Dx:uments."
'Ibis AC 21.17-3, N; 23-11, and AC 45-2 may be d::ltainerl. fran the U.S. Depart:l're.nt of Transp:>rtaticn, c.ene.ra.l Services Sectioo, H-443.2, washirgt.cn, OC 20590.
ll//~~ 1'
/~-6.;I··
M.C. Beard Director, Aircraft certificatia, Service P;1r li
..................... ·-···--------------------------
N
AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATION OPTiONS
N
-
....
tor ( 1) ..c
-
N
SMALL AIRCRAFT
i ~' Airworthiness Certificate Classifications (FAR 21.175) (81 I 5 l Special (FAR 21.175(b) ---+---Standard (FAR 21.175( aj) ( 2 l Leve, of Compensation & Hire Not Allowed Certitude Does Not Meet ICAO Anne,< 8 > -n 'O cO 'O Rtltrlct,d, L'mlttd, Provl1lon,1 a Sp1ol1I Fllgllt P,r11111, C a> Not Shown .., :, ........................................
(j) a.
Categor lea:
-·
_. X , ........................ .
.. . .. .".~.9!.".l'!!l.lJlncl. J AR-VLA ( ,o l with FAR 33/ 35 Powerplant) · Utility · Acrobatic
'
Acceptable Airworthiness: FAA · Manned Free Balioon Standards: · Special Classes - Certificates · FARS 23, 27 & 3i G I id er ~ Not · JAR-VLA u, Issued ·····.···---~-i-~!-~!~--~-.
· Others T.B.D.
Purposes: 1;1 Very Light Airplane
u if ta] i ~ Jii{
· Exhibition (JAR-VLA with
w~?fpf~~t
(f~R 10·3-y ~:r··,".
,r'..:.. (.
> > -::: ~ ;°" ~ r.
N -.·-.: ::..
, Kinds of Aiiworthiness Certificates (FAR 21, Subpart H) X -..J I ..,; ....
•., 7-3 X J ~ CERI'J.f1CATIC'ti OPrICN3 tor mo\LLAIRPIJ\NEB
csee NlDbers in Figure 1)
( 1) "Small Ai.rq;:aft" are def i.nerl by FAR Part 1 as aircraft (e . g. , airplanes, helia:::pters, glide.rs, hot air ballcx:ns, airships, etc.} havirg a maxinum certific.atoo tth.=Dff "'11eight limitation of 12,500 po.mis or less.
(2) "I,eyel of Certitu:le" is a term usa:i a, the d1art to in:lic.ate a relative level of sureness (or cx:nfidence) in the safety of the aircraft in questioo as a prcrluct of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) aircraft certific.ation pra::e;s a.rd ma~ requirements. 'Ihus, the level of certit:lrle sha.m on the chart shculd be seen as a measure of c:x:nfiden.::e in the safety of a genre of aircraft (or ve?h.icles) by virtue of the cx:rrbi.nerl effects of: the airworthiness starrlards or criteria a,wlied for type design a,wroval (type certific.atioo); the depth of FM involvement in evaluati.rg the design durirq the type certific.atioo p~, the rigor of the prcrluctioo quality assuran::,e system review for FM a,wroval p..irpose.s, the inspecticns required of the aircraft durirq ma..rufacture, a.rd the a,wlicable ma~ perfo~ regulaticns. TI'le "level of s.afei.:y" of any part.ia..llar aircraft or aircraft genre may be greater than the "level of certi b..ne, " arrl often is - deperrl.irXJ on the part.ia.ilar aircraft ' s design attrib..F...es ( required or oot) , plus the quality of canst.ruction a.rd maintenarx:::e act:ually pe.rfo:rrred. The level of safety of an aircraft can only be determined by the aircraft's act:ual safety pe.rfo~ in service.
(3) Even t.hc:Jutl shown on the cnart, '\l.1tralight vehicles" are oot cx:nsidera::i to be air::raft by the FAR, a.rd are not issued any form of an FM airworthiness certific.ate. Ultralight vehi..cles are defined by FAR Part 103, a.rd their q:ieration.s are reg,.Jlatoo arrl highly restricted by that pa.rt. Amateur-b..ti.lt ultralight vehicles, in:lu:li.rg vehicles that exceed the ultralight pa~ters of FAR 103, nay cbtain "experimental amat.eur-ruil t" ai~rth i.ness certific.ates Uirler FAR § 21. 191 (g). They are then oonsidered to be "aircraft" as def i.nerl by FAR Part 1 .
( 4) Airv:irthi.ness certi f i c.a tes are · issued by the FM u.rrle.r one of two classific.ations: "starrlard," or "~ial."
{5) "Starrlard" ai~rthiness certif ic.ates are issued on FM Fonn II 8100-2 urrle.r the starrlard classi f ic.a ti on. 1he c.a teqory" designated on a starrlard ai~rthiness certif ic.ate irrlic.ates the c.at.egory of type a:>.rtific.ate (TC) issuro to af1Jrove the "type design." "Ccmruter" arrl "transport" c.ategories are not sh~n in . ~ "' . , - .., 1 ~ /: l ,· \': r.l _i,,,-_, Figure l l:)ec.ause these do not nonna.lly qualify as small aircraft. The "air'w'Orth.iness st.arrlards" ( L e. , the design st.arrlards} used dur irg the tyre c:e.rtificatioo of aircraft are provided in FAR Parts 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, arrl 3 4 . The air'w'Orthiness st.arrlards of the erg ines arrl prq:iellers installed oo these aircraft are provided by FAR Parts 33 arrl 35 respectively. Also, FAR § 21. 17 (b) provides a prcoedu.re for the FAJ.. to sp:cify aeo?ptable air-orthiness criteria for type certification of special classes of aircraft in the event that a_wrc:priate a~rthiness st.arrlards have not been a:x:lified in the FAR for the class. Gliders (sailplanes), '\irships, arrl very light airplanes (VI.A} have been designata::l as ''special classes of aircraft. Aircraft hav irg stan:::lard a~rthiness certificates are those prc:duc:ied urrler an FAA ~roved prcduction quality assura.ro ? system, e.g., a prcxruction oertificate (FC); or are i:nporta::l with an E!Xt)Ort oertificate of ajrworthiness issued by a recc:g:nized aircraft oert.ificatio=-t authority of another ca.mtry. It is inp::>rtant to note that aircraft of a type design oertificata::l as a special class are eligible to receive starrlard a~rth.iness oert.ificates. 'Ihus, there is no cx:>nrle::tion between aircraft ha.vin:J a "special classification" of airworthiness certi f i c.a te arrl aircraft ha.VlJ"X1 ~ type certificata::l as a "special class," e.g., ''VI.A-Special Class", for the p..rqx::se of definirq the awlicable a~rthiness certificates.
(6) se.reral kin::'1s arrl "categories" of a~rthiness oertificates are issued u:rder the §J2€!Cial classificat;i.on of airworthiness certificates irchrlirg experimental, restricted category, limited category, provisiaial category, special flight penn.it, arrl prim:ny category air-orthiness oert.ificates. (Experimental an::i special flight per.nits are not refen-ed to in the regulations as "categories"). Only the experimental a.rd pri.ma...-y category airworthiness oertificates are errp1a5ized on the figure. Aircraft havin:J special airworthiness oert.ificates (issued on a pink FAA Fonn 8130-7) are not inte.rrled for cx:mnercial operations (~tion or hire), do not rreet the requirements of ICNJ Annex 8 for international operations, arrl li't.:¼Y not ( depen::li.rq on tl1e particular certificate category) be required to rreet the sane rnai.nte.na.nc::e requirements as aircraft havin:J starrlard air-orthiness oert.ificates. 'Ihe operatin:J limitations for aircraft havirg special a~rthiness oert.ificates are nore restrictive than for those ha.virg starrlard airworthiness cert if i cat.es.
(7) Airplanes of a design rreet-.in:J the follc,,,.,irq requirements m..1y be 1 11 issued a starrlard a ir'w'Orthiness oert.i f i ca te in the 'nornal c.a tegol:)': (i) Be type certificate::l un:3er FAR Part 23 usi.rg JAR-VI.A to~ equivalency plus additional FAR Part 23 requirements as necessal:)·: arrl ( ii) Have an erqine an:l prq:,eller installed of a design type certificated urrler FAR Parts 33 arrl 35 re.sp:.-ctively.
'niese airplanes may be operated at night an.Var un..ic.r the inst.n.1mant flight rules ( IF'R) of FAR Part 91.
• "' ' i ~ IO") • ,._ J..., .J. I_,..., AC 21 • i 7 -3 Appt>ndi:,; l (8) ''Very light airplanes" (\l'Lrll have been int.ro::ruced as g new "SJ'.X;'Cial class" of aircraft urrler FAR 21. 17 (b), arrl are eligible for stardard airworthiness certi t" ication urrler FAR 21. 183 • The D..lrq)ea.n "Joint Aviation Reguiren'ents (~ign starda.rds) for Very Light .h.eroplare; (JAR VI.A)," dated April 26, 1990, have been detenn.ined by FAA to be an ac:x:::eptable airworthiness criteria for type Certification of airplane designs that neet the awlicability provisions of the JAR-Vi.A. VI.A as envisaged by JAR-VI.A are sin:;le or two place, sin:;le rociproc:ati.rq ergine (spark- or cx:rnpr<:SSion-ignition) airplanes, havin:; a take off 'weight of not m::ire then 750 kg (awrox. 1654 p:,.m::ls) arrl a la.rrl.in: ;; a:mfiguraticn stall spee.1 of not JrDre than 45 knots. VI.A are not int.errle:l to cperate at night or urrler i.nstrurrent flight rules (IfR). JAA-VI.A provides for the use of pc,.,,iered sailplane ergine arrl prcpeller (p::,.,,,e.rplant) ai.rwort.hiness requ.ireloo.·1ts of JAR-22, sut:parts H arrl J respectively, for type certification of the erg.ines arrl propellers designs installed oo VI.A. Use of JAR-22 p::,.,ierplant requirements are also acx::epted by the FM \r,/t)en the ergine arrl prcpeller are type certificated as an int.e;Jral part of the airplane design. These airplane design, when type certificated by the FM, are eligible for a stardard airworthiness rertificate in the ''VIA-Special Class" category, rut are limited to day/visual flight rules (day/VFR) q,erations only.
(9) E>q:,eri.mental airworthiness certificates are only issued for the prrp::>Ses specified urrler FAR § 21. 191. The prrp::>Ses of e.xhibiticn, air raci.rq, amateur-rui.lt, arrl kit-built are etrp)a.Sized in Figure l.
Experimental airworthiness certificates n:ey also be issue:i for the p...u:poses of: :r.ese.arch arrl developrent (R&D), shawi.rq o:::rrplian::e with the ra:JU}.ations, crew trai.ni.n;J, arrl market surveys. There is very little FM involverrent in assessi.rq the design or quality of construction of aircraft when i~ experimental airworthiness certificates for those p...u:poses listed in Figure 1, with the exception of the new "experL"!ental kit-built" aircraft. Aircra~t havi.rq an experi.mental kit-rui.lt airworthiness certificate are of a design type certificated in the primary category arrl the kit cxxrp::>nent:..:. are prcduced Uirler an FAA approved prcrluct.ion quality assurance system.
(10) The "prirr.ary category" airworthiness certificate 1,,,,o.5 re.::e.."'ltly i.ntrcx:rua:d to fill the "level of certitude" gap be~ the genre of aircraft usually q:,erated as "e>.peri..rrental a.":Uteur-built" aircraft arrl .:.ircraft that are eligible for a stardard airworthiness certificate.
'Ihus, the new primary category anen::lments to FAR Parts 21, 43, arrl 91 shcw.d be seen as a new system of type certification, original ai.rworthiness certification, arrl maintenance perfo~ regulations awlied for a category of sma.11, sir.ple aircraft interrled for private use. The level of certitude is not int.errled to be as high as that for aircraft having standard airworthiness certificates; however, it represents a considerable ircrease over that of the large rn.lr.'lbe.r of expe.rim:mtal amateur-ruil t aircraft in wide-spread q:-eration tcday. 'Ihe new primary category regulations provide for: (a) Awlication of existirg FM airworthiness st.~'"l.1.ards, aca'>..ptan:::e of other cn.intries' airworthiness st.1."rl.1..'i.is, or ac:x:-ept.~"'e of :'.;l~ 2 1 . 1 7- 3 (b) A less rurdenscne (reduce:i FM involverrent) ty~ ~ification prcx.e-.ss ; ( C) G i V i.rq grea te.r cra:li t to certification st.a terrents made by the ar:plicant: ( d) Ma.nu! acturer-superv ised pilot/ c,,.,rner part.icipat ion in the construct.ioo an::i manuf actur in) inspect.ion process; arrl (e) Great.er eligibility for pilot/awners to ,r-e~icipate in the maintenanc:e of their 0wn. aircraft urder FAR Part 4 J.
( 11) Ki t-t:uil t aircraft type ce.rti f icated under pri.m:1.ry ca ta)Ory may be issued an airworthiness certificate in either the pri.Irary category or: experimental category. On the special airworthiness certificate-primary category side, if the airworthiness starrlard.s cxxlified in the FAR, i.e., FAR Part 23, 27, 31, 33, arrl 35, are used for type certification of an airc.raft in the primary category, it sha.1.ld be easier for sane pri.JM.ry category aircraft designs to be type certi f icatro in one of the stardard categories at a later date. Because the only difference in the type certificatic:n process between aircraft reoeivi.rg primary category airworthiness certificates arrl aircraft reoeivi.rg starrlard airworthiness certificates is the level of FAA involvement. On the experi.me.ntal airworthiness certificate side, a wilder asserrbli.n;J an air=raft of .a design type certificat.Erl in the primary catsgory, rut not urder the pri.lt'e manufa<::turer's quality assurarx:::e supervision, may qualify for an e:xperi.me.ntal ki t-ruil t airworthiness certificate urrler FAR § 21. 191 (h) providirg the ~ts used~ manufactured urrler an FAA arproved prc:rllrtioo quality~ system. The μ.rrchaSE>r or C1w'11e.r of the kit is not required to assent>le nor fabricate any specific portioo of the kit; assistance for sane or all of the work may be ci:rt:.aine:l frcrn other sa.iroes, suc:h as the prc:duction holder or sane other fabricator.
(12) 'As in:ticat:e:l, within the area defined by the dashoo line, the E)..u'q)ean JAA-VLA rray be ~tilized in fcur (4) different w-ays in the U.S.
aircraft oertificatioo sys'te:!I for very light airplanes: (a) 'Ihey may be used as a part of the certification basis to obtain a ''oorrral'' category type certificate Ul°rler FAA Part 2J. ll1e JAR VI.A are cx::nsidP..red equivalent to the a,rresp:n:i.irg FAR Part 23 ~ts for VI.A type ce.rtif ication. Therefore, the JAA-\1.A req..rirenents plus certain ad:litional FAR Part 23 requiranents ~"iY be usai as the ce.rtificatioo basis for very light airplanes provided the e.rqine arrl prcpeller installed have been type ~rtificate:l by the FM urrler FAR Parts 33 arrl 35, respectively. Operation at night arrl urrler IF'R c:xrditia1S ~d be acceptable providro the ao:iitional FAR Part 2J requireoonts ircl lrle those rel a too to night arrl I FR q:ic:>..ra ti CX"\S.
(b) '!hey nay be a~lied to cbtain a type cert.if iC-<-ite as a special c.:lass aircraft, urder FAR 21. 17 (b), utilizirg e.rgines ard p~llers frun:l to CCJTPlY with JAR-22, or better. These airplanes will be eligible
Appendix 1
AC 21.17-3 12/21/92 Appendix 1 for starrlard airwcrthiness certificates in the ''VI.A-Special Class" category rut will be limite::i to day/VFR flight only.
(c) '.Ihey may be used to obta.in a " prire.ry category" tyJ::ie certificate urrler the new procedures of FAR § 21. 24 : ard, a special airworthiness certificate in the primary category urrler new FAR §21.184 - provided the airplane is produced urrler an FM approved production quality assurance system (i.ncludinq P.C holder supervised pilot/owner construction ard inspection), or is appropriately certified to the FAA by a rea::xJnized airworthiness authority of another country.
(d) Experimental kit-built airworthiness certificates may be issued for pilot/owner assembled kits of a de.sign type certificate::i by the FM usinq primary category procedures ard the JAR-VI.A, provided the kit carp.:ments were manufactured under an FM approved quality assurance system.