Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics Certification Guide

subjects of his training in the approved cur chapter shows to an FAA inspector that any of its students has made satisfactory progress riculum, before he meets the applicable ex perience requirements of§ 65.77 and before he at the school and is prepared to take the oral passes each section o£ the written test pre and practical tests prescribed by § 65.79, that student may take those tests during the final scribed by § 65.75."

THE ~TTEN TESTS

The written tests required for a mechanic Airframe Structures, and Section 2---Airframe certificate or rating can be taken at FAA Systems & Components; and (3) Aviation Flight Standards district offices and at some Mechanic Powerplant, Section 1-Powerplant selected Flight Service Stations. Some Flight Theory & Maintenance, and Section 2-- Standards district offices administer mechanic Powerplant Systems & Components.

written tests at special locations by prior Applicants will not be required to take the arrangement, and some Flight Service Sta Aviation Mechanic General Test required for tions often administer written tests after the Airframe and / or Powerplant certification if normal workday and on weekends. Contact they can show that they have previously the local FAA district office for information passed it. Proof of passing may be in the about time and place where tests are admin form of a mechanic certificate with an alter istered.

nate rating or an Airman Written Test Report Most FAA offices that administer written that shows a passing grade on the Aviation tests recommend that an appointment be made Mechanic General Test. I£ an Airman Writ before the intended date of examination so ten Test Report is used, the passing credit that the appropriate personnel will be on hand must have been earned within the preceding to give the tests and to assure that adequate 24 months.

space is available.

FAA mechanic written tests are made up An applicant must have the documentary evidence required by FAR 65.77 reviewed by of objective-type questions of the multiple an FAA inspector to confirm eligibility to choice form. In this type of test, the appli take a written Airframe or Powerplant test.

cant chooses the best of a number of possible Those applicants found to be eligible for test answers to a question. Each of the FAA ing who are unable to take the test at that mechanic written test questions has one best time may request the FAA inspector to issue answer and three wrong or unacceptable alter an Airman Authorization for Written Test, native answers. The tests do not contain FAA Form 8060-7.

questions designed to trick or mislead the When eligibility has been confirmed or the applicant.

completed 8060-'7 is presented and sufficient · After completion of the test, the applicant's time exists (5 hours) to complete the test, the answer sheet is forwarded by the local FAA FAA office test monitor will issue a test book office to a central location for grading. The let, a blank answer sheet, and all materials necessary to take the test. The applicant is minimum passing grade for FAA tests is 70 not required to furnish any test or reference percent. Written test grades are mailed di materials, nor permitted to use notes or take rectly to the applicant using the address en notes during the test.

tered by the applicant on the answer sheet at the time the test is taken. Five working Written tests ·for airframe and powerplant days (exclusive of time en route in the mail) mechanic certification consist of three separate are normally required for answer sheets to tests: ( 1) Aviation Mechanic General Test; (2) Aviation Mechanic Airframe, Section 1 be processed and grades reported.

Written Test Report 73125. Give the title of the te s t, the place where it was administered, a nd the approxi Written test grades are reported to appli mate date that the test was taken.

cants on AC Form 8080-2, Airman ·written An applicant who fails a test, or any section Test Report. The report indicates the numeri there9f~ may apply for a retest of the test cal grade for each test section and an expira secyiqn._~s) failed as prescribed in FAR Part tion date of each test section pa~sed. AC 65. The following excerpts from § 65 .19 per Form 8080-2 is the only acceptable evidence tain to retesting after failure.

of having passed any part of the written test or the entire test.

"§ 65.19 Retesting after failure.

In addition to grade information, the com~ puter-rendered AC Form 8080-2 provides a An applicant who fails a written, oral, or coded print~out of the subject areas for which practical test for a certificate and rating, or questions were answered wrong. The subject for an additional rating, under this Part may area codes indicated on AC Form 8080-2 apply for retesting correspond to the ·subject headings indicated ( a) After 30 days after the date he failed on pages 7 through 42 of this advisory the test; or circular; however, the number of questions (b) Upon presenting a statement frorh missed cannot be determined by the number whichever of the following persons is ap of codes listed on AC Form 8080-2.

plicable, certifying that he has given the When an applicant applies for the oral and applicant at least 5 hours of additional in~ practical test, the Airman Written Test Re~ struction in each of the subjects failed and port must be surrendered.

now considers that the applicant is ready for retesting. .. . .

If the Airman Written Test Report is lost or destroyed, a duplicate copy may be obtained (3) For the mechanic certificate-a by sending $2.00 (money order or check pay certificated and appropriately rated me~ able to FAA) to the Federal Aviation Ad chanic or ground instructor, or a certifi~ ministration, Airman Certification Branch, cated repairman who is experienced in the subject failed."

P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma AVIATION MECHANIC TEST CONTENTS This listing of the subject material covered of aircraft. The operations necessary to com by the questions in the mechanic tests shows plete Level 3 items mugt be performed skill w ha't the applicant should know and be able fully enough so that, if performed on an air to do. Each listing contains major headings craft, the aircraft could be returned to service.

(identified by letters A, B, C, etc.) under A detailed description of the meaning of which are li sted one or more action lines.

each level is : Each action line is ma-de up of 3 elements: Level 1: (1) the action, (2) the su bject, and (3) the Know-ba sic facts and principles.

level. For instance, the major heading "C.

Be able to-find information and follow Weight and Balance" in the General Test has directions and written instructions.

two action lines : No skill demonstration is required.

(a) Weigh air c raft-Level 2.

Level 2: ('b) Perform complete weight and balance Know and understand-prin ci ples, theo check and record data-Level 3.

ries and concepts.

The action lines tell what the end result or Be able to-find and interpret informa objective of the applioant's study and experi tion and perform basic operations.

ence shou ld be. Many action lines show more A high level of sk iH is not required.

than one action and more than one subject.

The purpt.JSe of the level indicated for each Level 3: action line is to help limit the amount of study Know, understand, and apply ~ facts, that must be done or the · skill that must be principles, theories, and concepts. Un developed to pass the mechanic tests. Three derstand how they rela:te to the total levels have been identified. The higher the operation and maintenance of aircraft .

level, the more comprehensive the knowledge Be able to- make ind ependent and accu a nd skill required in that subject area . A Level rate airworthiness judgm ents. Perform 1 action line requires a less extensive knowl all operations to a. return -to-service edge of the subject and no sk ill demonstration stan dard.

to pass the mechanic tests. A Level 2 action A fairl y high sk il'l level is required.

line requires a fairly good understanding of the subject indicated, the theories an<~ prin Following each action line is a list of state cip les associ·ated with it, and the ab ility to ments that describe the specific subjects of mechanic test questions. They are intended perform basic operations. Level 3, the high est level, requires a thorough knowledge of to be used during study and while experience the sub je ct and an understa nding of how it is being gained, to helip direct the applicant 's attention toward areas covered by the tests.

relates to the total operation a nd maintenance AVIATION MECHANIC General Test A. BASIC ELECTRICITY. Determine the relationship of voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits.

Measure capacitance and inductance.- -Level 3: Levell: Determine the current flow in an electrical The effect of inductive reactance in an circuit using variable resistance and volt electrical circuit.

age values.

The interrelationship of capacitive and Determine the power requirements of an inductive reactance.

electrical circuit when ~he voltage and The term that describes the combined resistance values are specified.

resistive forces in an a.c. electrica;l cireuit.

The current relationship in a parallel The unit of measurement for capacitance electrical circuit.

• and inductance.

The unit of measurement used to express Calculate and measure electrical power.

electrical power.

Level 2: The principles of electromagnetic induc Determine the power furnished by a gen tion.

erator to an electrical system consisting The characteristics of magnets and mag of various electrical units having specific netic lines of force.

load ratings.

The factors that affect the voltage drop Determine the power required by an elec in an electrical conductor.

tric motor that is operating at a specified Determine the resistance of an electrical efficiency and load.

device from the wattage and voltage Measure voltage, current, resistance, con values specified.

tinuity, and leakage.- Level 3: Calculate the voltage drop across a re Use an ohmmeter to check for open or sistor.

short circuits.

The test instruments used to check con Read and interpret electrical circuit tinuity. diagrams.- Level 3: Trace electrical circuits using aircraft The basic operating principle o£ d.c. elec trica;l instruments. wiring diagrams.

Identify electrical system malfunctions The baSic operating principles of a gal by reference to circuit diagrams.

vanometer.

Identify the commonly used aircraft elec Connect voltmeters and ammeters into an trical sy~bols.

electrical circuit.

Inspect and service batteries.- Level 3: The purpose of a shunt resistor when used with an ammeter.

Remove spilled el~rolyte and treat all adjacent surfaoos.

The meaning of prefixes such as micro, mega, kilo, and milli as used in express Remove and install a battery in an air ing electrical quantities.

craft with a single-wire electrical system.

Draw sketches of repairs and alterations.

Connect batteries to a constant-current battery charg er. -Level 3: Il lust rate a major repair or alteration.

Determine the specific gravity of the bat tery electrolyte.

Use dividers, compass, ruler , T -square, etc., in the development of sketches of Perform a high-rate-discharge condition repairs and alte ration s.

test of batter ies.

Use standard drafting pr ocedures.

The design factors that affect battery voltage an d capacity.

Use blueprint information.- L ev el 3: The factors that determine battery charg The information prese nt ed in blueprint ing rate on a constant voltage source.

titl e blocks.

The indications of a shorted bat tery cell.

The common symbols used on aircraft The significance of battery capacity blueprin ts .

ratings.

Install and modify component part s by The effects of increased internal resistance reference to blueprints.

on bat t ery operation.

Identify the changes made to a blueprint.

The effects of connecting battery cells in Use graphs and charts.-Level 3: series or p ara llel.

Determine electric cable size and current The relative advantages of lead-ac id and ca rrying capacity.

ni ckel-cadmium batteries for use in air Determine engine power requirements.

cr aft.

The prin ciples of battery construction.

C. WEIGHT AND BALANCE.

Check battery electrolyte levels.

Weigh aircraft.- Level 2: The r ~e l atio n shi p between b atte ry state of Use aircraf t speci fi cations for weighing c har ge and the temperature at which the purposes.

electrolyte will freez e.

Locate ja cks and scales in the correct The purp ose of and requirements for ven position.

tilating batteries and battery compart Prepare aircraft for weighing.

ments in civil aircraft.

Perform complete weight-and-balance The effect of excessive ch argi ng rates on check and record data.- Level 3: batteries.

Determine that the for wa rd or rearward B. AIRCRAFT DRAWINGS .

cen ter-of-gr avity (e.g.) limit is not ex Use drawings, symbols, and schematic cee ded on a specified a ircraft.

diagrams.-Lev el 2 : The po int of reference for all weight Interpret the various types of lines em and-balance mea sur ements.

ployed in blueprints and schematics.

~he procedure for co mputing "m inimum Use schematic diagram s to analyze sys fuel."

tem malfunctions.

Loc ate the information t ha t sho uld be Extra ct a specific electri ca l ci rcuit from krro wn to co mput e weight and balance.

a system drawing.

The method of expressing a ddit ions or Know why dimensions are used and how rem~vals of equipment for weight-and they are shown on aircr a ft drawings. balance purposes.

Use installation diagr ams to locate and Determine the fully loaded center of grav ity of an aircraft.

ident i fy components.

Determine the "maximum authorized Route fluid lines adja~nt to electrical weight" of an aircraft. power cables.

The method of determining aircraft empty Install rigid tubing.

weight, when engine oil and hydraulic Select tube-flaring tools.

fluid are contained in supply tanks.

Identify AN fitting materials from color The effect on weight and balance of re designators.

placing a component with another of The maximum reduction in original out different weight and location.

side diameter allowed when bending a:lum Calculate the maximum cargo or baggage inum alloy hydraulic lines.

weight that can be carried by an aircraft.

The procedure to follow if scratches are The record requirements for weight--and detected on an aluminum alloy tube.

balance data.

The storage requirements for hydraulic The hazards of exceeding aircraft fore hose.

and aft center-of-gravity limits.

Insta'll flexible hydraulic hose.

The critical conditions of helicopter load The lubricant used when assembling oxy and balance.

gen fittings.

Determine aircraft empty weight and E. MATERIALS AND PROCESSES.

empty weight center of gravity.

Identify and select appropriate nonde Define maximum gross weight.

structive testing methods.- Level 1 : Determine the moment of an item of The use of radiography in aircraft and equipment.

component inspection.

Account for tare weight When weighing The use of ultrasonic inspection methods an air c raft .

for detecting cracks.

D. FLUID LINES AND FITI'INGS.

The applicability of magnetie particle inspection methods to engine crankshafts.

Fabricate and install rigid and flexible fluid lines and fittings.- Level 3: The method for detecting surface cracks Single- and double-flare tubing. in aluminum castings and forgings .

The teehnique for locating cracks in ma Install Military Standard (MS) flareless terials when only one side of the materi'8.1 fittings.

is a.ccessib1e .

The significance of the identification stripes that appear on aircrdt hose.

Perform penetrant, chemical etching, and magnetic particle inspections.- Level 2: Fabricate and install beaded tubing.

The general procedure for performing Use lubricants and sealants in the assem magnetic particle inspection.

bly of lines and fittings.

Demagnetize steel parts after magnetic Identify :flexible hydraulic lines.

particle inspection.

Install hose clamps.

Clean parts in preparation for penetrant Determine the bend radii for rigid tubing.

inspection. · Fa:bricate aluminum tubing using stand The visual indications of a subsurface ard AN flared tube fittings.

flaw or fracture during magnetic particle Route fluid lines in entry-ways and pas inspection.

senger, crew, or baggage compartments.

Locate cracks and blowholes in welded Repair metal tube lines.

'8.5SeiD.blies.

The ptocedure for using dye penetrants. Detennine the correct length bolt to use.

Distinguish between heat-treated and non Determine correct torque values for tight heat -treated aluminum alloys when the ening aircraft nuts and bolts.

identification marks a re not on the ma Determine rivet composition, condition, terial.

shape, and dimension by referring to rivet code.

Perform basic heat-treating processes.

Level 2: Identify materials suitable for use for firewalls and exhaust shrouds.

The types of aluminum alloys considered to be heat treatable.

Inst a ll castle nuts .

Anneal copper tubing.

The strength characteristics of type "A" rivets.

The steps in heat treatment of aluminum alloys.

The characteristic of aluminum a:lloy rivet material that causes some rivets to The effects of various forms of heat treat require several days to reach their ulti ment.

mate strength.

The effect of incorrect heat treatment on Determine that materials used in aircraft the corrosion-resistant properties of alum maintenance and repair are of the proper inum al'loy.

type and confor-m to the appropriate Identi fy the degree of temper for alumi standards.

num alloy products from code designators.

.The characteristics of aluminum-clad The effect of heating a metal slightly sheet aluminum alloy.

above its critical temperature, and then Insped and check welds.- Level 3: rapidly cooling it.

The characteristics of a good weld.

The effect of strain hardening on the tensile strength of aluminum aHoy. The types of stress that w~lded joints can wilihstand.

The relationship between tensile strength and metal hardness. The effect of welding over a previously brazed or soldered joint.

.Anneal a welded steel part.

Perform precision measurements.-Level Identify and select aircraft hardware 3: and materials.- Level 3: Use a micrometer and a caliper to make Identify aluminum alloys from code des ·precise measurements.

ignators.

Measure a small hole using a micrometer Identify steel from code designators.

and a hole gage.

The identifica tion markings of AN stand Read and interpret a vernier micrometer ard steel bolts.

scale.

Identify aircraft ca:ble.

Use a dial indicator, V -blocks, and a sur face p'late to check alignment of a sha.ft.

The characteristics of a material that affect its ability to be hammered, rolled, F. GROUND OPERATION AND SERV or pressed into various shapes.

ICING.

The SAE system of identifying steel.

Start, ground operate, move, service, and Determine wrought aluminum alloy com secure aircraft.- Le vel 2: position and condition by referring to The procedure for extinguishing fires in aluminum codes.

the engine indu ct ion system during Ins6a'll self-locking nuts . starting.

Use hand signals to direct aircraft move~ The characteristics and use of chemical ment. cleaners.

Select and use extei'l'l.al auxiliary power Clean aluminum and steel engine parts.

units for engine starting.

The type cleaner for use on high-strength Tie down and secure aircraft for outside metals.

storage.

The methods for cleaning turbine engine Protect aircraft fuel system from con compressor blades.

tamination during fueling operations.

Perform aircraft cleaning and corrosion Connect and operate ari external source control.- Level 3: of hydraulic power.

Protect tires and other ruhber products Start and operate an engine equipped from the deteriorating effects of cleaning with a float-type carburetor.

materials.

Check a reciprocating engine for liquid The cause and corrective procedures for lock.

fretting corrosion.

Operate hand and electrica:l priming sys Identify and control intergranular cor tems during engine starting.

rosion of heat-treated aluminum alloy.

Start and operate an engine equipped Protect structure against dissimilar-metal witJh a pressure injection carburetor.

corrosiOn.

Start and operate an engine equipped Prevent and remove rust.

with an internal supercharger.

The effect of oi'ly, dirty surfaces on the Identify and select fuels.- Level 2: operation o£ high-performance aircraft.

The effect of ethylene dibromide added Protect interior surfaces of closed steel to aviation gasoline.

and alummum tubing against corrosion.

The identifying color of various grades of aviation gasoline. The methods of protecting aluminum alloy parts against corrosion.

The characteristic of a fuel that affects its tendency to "vapor lock."

Clean and protect battery comp'artments and adjacent areas.

The significance of the numbers used to designate various grades of aviation Remove corrosion products such as metal gasoline.

flakes, scale powder, and salt deposits from aluminum.

The relative advantages of gasoline and kerosene for use as fuel for turbine en Clean corrosion-resistant parts by blast gines.

cleaning methods.

Determine the type o£ fuel to be used Use paints and similar organic coatings with a specified aircraft.

for corrosion protection purposes.

The £actors affecting the antiknock dhar acteristics of fuel.

H. MATHEMATICS.

Extract roots and raise numbers to a G. CLEANING AND CORROSION CON given power.-Level 1: TROL.

The method of determining the square or Identify and select cleaning materials.

cube of a number.

Level 3: The effect of caustic cleaning products The procedure for determining square on aluminum structures. root Determine areas and volumes of various Complete required maintenance forms, geometrical shapes.- Level 2: records, and inspection reports.- Level 3: Enter the required information in the Calculate the area of rectangles, squares, permanent maintenance records when a triangles, circles and trapezoids.

minor reopair has been performed.

Determine the volume of rectangles, cubes, Prepare and properly dispose of FAA and cylinders.

Form 3-37.

Compute the surface area of an airfoil.

The minimum information required to be Determine cylinder displacement of a entered in the maintenance records after reciprocating engine.

maintenance or alteration of aircraft.

Make record entries to indicate compli Solve ratio, proportion, and percentage ance with Airworthiness Directives.

problems.- Level 3: The definition of "time in service" with Determine the ratio of two numbers.

respect .to maintenance records.

Find what percent one number is of an The record requirements for returning other.

aircraft to service after·lOO-hour inspec Determine the rate percent of a given tion.

number.

The requirement for maintaining a perm anent record of aircraft maintenance.

Calculate the compression ratio of an engme.

The definition of "r~air" as related to ·aircraft maintenance.

Convert decimal numbers to their frae tional equivalent. The requirements for a permanent main tenance record.

Perform algebraic operations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and J. BASIC PHYSICS.

division of positive and negative numbers.

Use the principles of simple machines; -Level3: sound, fluid, and heat dynamics.- Level 2: Locate the main-wheel weighing point The relationship between temperat~ and with reference to the datum.

heat.

Determine the distance between the tail The methods of heat transfer.

or nose gear and the main-wheel weig'ht The forces acting upon a body in circular point.

motion.

Calculate the e.g. relative to the datum.

The relationship between the pressure and The effects of adding or removing equip the rate-of-fi'Ow of a liquid through an ment on the empty weight of the aircraft.

orifice.

The relationship between the pressure, I. MAINTENANCE FORMS AND REC volume, and temperature of an air mass.

ORDS.

The relationship of work, force, and Write descriptions of aircraft condition power.

and work performed.- Level 3: The effect of air density on engine power Describe the repairs made to an aircraft output.

structure.

The relationship between air velocity and State aircraft condition based upon in ·pressure on the upper surface of an air spection.

foil.

The effect of atmospheric temperature Read technical data.- Level 3: and humidity on airfoil lift.

Find specified information in technical reports and manuals.

The principles of transmission of power in a hydraulic system.

L. MECHANIC PRIVILEGES AND LIM The relationship of pressure, area, and ITATIONS.

force.

Exercise mechanic privileges within the limitations prescribed by FAR 65.-Level 3: K. MAINTENANCE PUBLICATIONS.

The criteria for determining the classifi Select and use FAA and manufacturer's cation (major, minor, or preventive main aircraft maintenance specifications, data tenance) of airframe repairs and altera ~heets, manuals, and publications, and re tions.

lated Federal Aviation Regulations.

The criteria for determining the classifi Level 3 : _ cation (major, minor, or preventive main Determine the suit~bility of a propeller tenance) of powerplant repairs and al for use with a particular engine-airplane terations.

combination.

The criteria for determining the classifi Determine the minimum diameter of a.

cation (m'ajor, minor, or preventive main propeller type and model when used with tenance) of propeller repairs and altera a. particular engine.

tions.

Locate aircra~t leveling and weighing Return an aircraft to service a-fter instal in'furmation.

lation of an engine type other ~han that Determine engine/propel'ler speed ratios. for which t'he aircraft wa:s originally certificated.

The instrument markings required on a specified type and model aircraft. The minimum age requirement for issu ance of a mechanic certificate.

The purpose and applica.Jbility of Techni cal Standard Orders. The privileges of a mechanic in relation to 100-hour and annual inspections.

The purpose and applica.bility of Supple The requirements for reporting change of mental Type Certificates.

address.

Identify the useful load and empty weight e.g. of an aircraft ·by reference to data. The duration or effective period of a. me chanic certificate.

Use FAA Specifications and Type Certifi cate Data Sheets. The requirements an applicant must meet for issuance of a mechanic certificate.

The applic·abi'lity and requirements for Determine the maintenance classification aircraft airworthiness certificate."

(major repair, minor r~pair, preventive Determine the control surface ffi'(}Vement maintenance) of landing gear tire re limits of a specified aircraft.

moval, installation, and repair.

Determine seat locations of an aircraft, Determine the maintenance classification using aircraft specifkations.

(major repair, minor repair, preventive Use aircra-ft listing to find information maintenance) of servic ing landing gear about aircraft of limited production.

shock struts.

The purpose and app li cability of FAA Determine the repair classification (major Airworthiness Directives.

repair, minor repair, preventive mainte Use "Table of Limits" to determine co n nance) of repairs to steel tubing struc tures by welding.

dition of parts.

The privileges of a mechanic regarding Determine the repair classification (major return to service of aircraft after major repair, minor repair, preventive mainte repairs.

nance) of repla:cing the fabric on fabric covered parts such as wings, :fuselages, Determine the maintenance classification (major repair, mmor repair, preventive stabilizers, and control surfaces.

mairrtenance) of the replacement of air The recency-of-experience requirements craft components with new, rebuilt, or re ·paired components of similar design.

for certificated mechanics.

AVIATION MECHANIC AIRFRAME TEST

Section 1. Airframe Structures

A. WOOD STRUCTURES. The general requirements for making doped and lapped se~.

Service and repair wood structures.- Levell: The meaning of the term "warp" as used in reference to aircraft textile products.

The general requirements of scarf splice joints.

The precautions to observe when install ing surface tape on control surfaces.

The repair procedure for elongated holes in wood spars.

Inspect, test, and repair fabrie and fiber· The permissible wood substitutes for use glass.- Level 3: in making repairs to wood structures.

Determine the condition of aircraft fabric.

The procedures for repairing wood rib Apply a doped-on patch to aircraft fabric.

capstrips.

Make a sewed repair to a. fabric-rovered The characteristics of glue used in air surface.

craft construction and repair.

The areas on a fabric-covered aircraft The procedure for sealing the inner sur most susceptible to corrosion.

faces of a wooden structure that is to be assembled by gluing.

C.. AIRCRAFT FINISHES.

The general c·haracteristics of the wood Apply trim; Jette~ and touchup paint.- commonly used in aircraft construction.

Levell: Identify wood defects.-Lev~l2: The requirements for registration mark Recognize acceptable and nonaccepVa;ble ings.

wood defects.

The relative proportions of identification Inspect wood structures.- Level 2: markings.

The effect of moisture content on wood The use of color and ornamentation when size and strength.

applying registration marks.

The strength characteristics of wood Identify and select aircraft finishing ma· structures.

terials.-Level 2: The characteristics of plywood and lami The characteristics of butyrate and ace nated wood.

tate dopes.

The types of thinners used with various B. AIRCRAFT COVERING.

types of paint and dope.

Select and apply fabric and fiberglass The characteristks of fabric rejuvenators.

covering materials.-Level 1 : The types of priming paints generally The factors to consider in selecting air used on aircraft.

craft fabric.

The types of seams commonly used in The type paint used to coat the insides of battery compartments.

· aircraft fabric coverings.

Apply paint and dope.- Level 2: Insp-ect and repair plastics, honeycomb, and laminated structures.- Level 2: The purpose of fungicidal dope m air Distinguish between transparent plastic craft finishing.

and plate-glass enclosures.

The application of rejuvenator to repair Protect plastics during handling and re an aged dope finish.

pair operations.

The products and methods used to dope Remove scratches and surface crazing proof airframe structures.

from plastic enclosures.

The effect of atmospheric conditions on Drill shallow or medium depth holes in dope during its application.

plastic materials.

Sand and rub aircraft finishes.

The effect of moisture entrapped in honey Apply primer to aluminum alloy parts.

comb structures.

Use and maintain a paint spray gun.

Use a router to remove damaged area The purpose of brushing the first coat of from honeycomb panels.

dope instead of spraying.

Cle'an honeycomb panels prior to patching.

Inspect finishes and identify defects.

Inspect, check, service, and repair win Level 2: dowSy doors, and interior furnishings.

The type of painting defect caused by Level 2: moving the spray gun in an arc instead Clean transparent plastic window and of a straight line.

windshield materials.

The cause of runs and sags in aircraft Inspection procedures and airworthiness finishes.

requirements for safety belts.

The chanacteristics of acrylic plastic en D. SHEET METAL STRUCTURES.

closure materials.

Install special rivets and fasteners.

Maintain safety belts.

Level 2: Secure transparent plastic endosures to Determine correct riv~t length and di the aircraft structure.

ameter.

Protect transparent plastic enclosure ma Install a hi-shear rivet.

terials during handling and storage.

The precautions concerning rivet fit.

The physica!l characteristics of transpar Irrstall deicer boot fasteners.

ent plastic enclosure materials.

Irrsta:ll blind-type rivets.

Form and shape acrylic plastic.

The stresses that a rivet is designed to Repair shallow surface scratches in trans resist.

parent p1astic enclosures.

Inspect bonded structures.- Level 2: Inspect and repair sheet-metal structures.

The reason for using metal sandwich ---,Level 3 : panels in high-speed aircraft construction.

Select and use twist drills.

The use of the metanic "ring" test to in Select and use a hand file for soft metals.

spect for delamination damage of bonded Prepare dissimilar metals for assembly.

structures.

Determine the type, size, and number of Evaluate the extent of damage to a bonded rivets for use in structural repairs.

structure and determi.ne the type repair needed. Repair sheet-metal flight control surfaces.

The loads acting upon a semimonocoque Select and use bucking bars.

fuselage.

Remove rivets.

The construction characteristics of mono Determine the condition of a driven rivet.

coque and semimonocoque structures.

Determine the circumstances under which The construction characteristics of canti 2117 rivets may be used to rep'lace 2017 lever wing structures.

and 2024 rivets.

The types of loads carried by wing spars.

Define rivet tipping.

Drill holes in stainless steel.

Determine .the correct number of rivets Define bearing failure as related to sheet to be used in making a structural sheet metal structures.

metal repair.

Define shear failure.

Handle and insball rivets that require heat treatment prior to use.

Repair a hole in a stressed-skin metal wmg.

Adjust and use an air-operated riveting gun.

Repair a section of damaged skin using a single-lap sheet splice.

The circumstances under which type "A" rivets may be used in aircraft.

Construct a watertight joint.

Countersink a hole. The mechanical properties of heat~trea.ted rivets.

Perform the dimpling process.

Hand form, lay out, and bend sheet

Select the correct rivet oo accomplish a

metal.- Level 3: repair using a specified material.

Make a joggle or offset bend.

Repair or splice stringers on the lower surface of a stressed-skin metal wing.

Bend sheet metal that requires the use of a large radius.

Determine the correct rivet layout and spacing for a specified repair.

Determine the neutral axis of a bend.

Use proper riveting techniques.

Define bend ra:dius.

Stop drill cracks in sheet metal.

Determine the amount of materia ·! re Repair a slightly oversize hole. quired to make a specified bend.

Repair structural units, such as spars, en Bend sheet metal to a specified angle.

gine supports, etc., that have been built Lay out and bend a piece of sheet metal from sheet me~al.

using a minimum radius for the type and Repair shallow scratches in sheet metal. thickness of material specified.

Determine the condition of a stressed Lay out a bend in relationship to metal skin metal structure that is known to have "grain" to minimize the possibility of been critically loaded.

cracking.

Use a reamer.

Determine the flat layout dimensions of a component part to be formed by Install conventional rivets.- Level 3: bending.

Prepare sheet metal for installa-tion of Form metal by oumping.

flush rivets.

Identify and select rivets.

E. WELDING.

Determine the correct rivet length and Weld magnesium and titanium.- Level 1: diameter.

Select and use the correct rivet set :for The method of cleaning magnesium in specified rivet head styles. preparation for welding.

Identify steel p arts considered oo be re The main function of a flux while weld . pairable by we'lding.

ing magnesium.

The types of gases to use when gas-weld The preheating required prior to welding.

ing magnesium.

Weld aluminum and stainless steel.

The use of butt joints when gas-welding Level 2: magnesium.

Use a filler rod when \velding aluminum with oxyacetylene.

Solder stainless steel.- Level 1: Use flux when \veMing .aluminum.

The use of silver soldering as a method of bonding meta:ls.

The purpose and effect of using inert gas to shield the arc in certain types of The preparation of stainless steel for welding.

soldering.

The methods of cleaning material after F. ASSEMBLY AND RIGGING.

soldering.

Rig rotary-wing aircraft .- Level 1 : The condition of flight that a properly Fabricate tubular structures. - Level 1: rigged aircraft sho uld maintain.

The types of tubing splices.

The relations hip of t hrust and drag of The proper welding sequence to use when an aircraft during level unaccelerating welding fuselage tubes.

flight.

The characteristics of a welded tubing The relationship of lift and weight of an joint.

aircraft during level unaccelerating flight.

The protection of the interior of tubular The meaning of the term "angle of at steel that is to be closed by welding.

tack" of an airfoil.

The method'S used to control distortion The type of control movement used to of steel tube structures during we lding induce fol"w.ard flight in a helicopte r.

repairs.

The method of controlling vertical flight Th e preparation of tube e nd s for welding.

of a helicopter.

Solder , braze, gas-, and arc-weld steel.

The moveme nt of an air craft abo ut its Level 2: axes during normal fl ig ht maneuvers.

Use cleaning oper ati ons to prepare sheet The factors affecting stabi'l1ty of a,n air steel for welding.

craft about its axes .

.Ndjust oxyacetylene welding torch to The me t hods of maintaining directional produ ce the type flame needed to weld a control of a helicopter.

specified material.

The ca,use and effect of rotor blade sta,ll 'Select and use filler rod.

in helicopters operating at high speeds.

The effect of excessive heat on metal.

The cause of vertical vibration in a two Operate a portruble welding set.

blade helicopter rotor system.

Select t'he correct size welding torch tip.

The preparations required prior to rig The pre-cautions regarding welding over ging.

a previou-sly brazed or soldered joint.

The method of tracking helicopter main Solder a wire or cable to an electrical rotor blades.

component.

Rig fi . xed -wing aircraft. - Level 2: Sweat-solder a lap joint.

The condition of flight t hat a properly Normalize a steel part after welding. rigged aircraft should maintain.

Assemble, adjust, and safety caJble turn The factors to consider when rigging vertical stabilizer of single-engine, pro buckles.

peller-driven aircraft.

The correct method of inserting bolts in aircraft fittings.

The rel'ationship of thrust and drag of an aircraft during level unaccelera.ting flight.

Insta:ll a.rrd inspect swaged cahle tenninals and fittings.

The effect of incorrect wing incidence angle.

Balance and rig movable surfaces.

The effect of dihedral on aircraft stability.

Level 3: Use wing "wash-in" and ''w.ash-out" to The inspection requirements for cable correct aircraft rigging.

operated primary flight control systems.

The relationship 6f lift and weight of an Handle and make up control ca:bles.

aircraft during level unaccelerating flight.

The corrosion protection requirements of The meaning of the term ''angle of at control cables.

tack" of an airfoiL The effect of overtightening contro'l cables.

The effect of fla·ps on aircraft landing The relatiomthip between specified move speed and approach angle.

ments of the cockpit controls and the con The meaning 6f the term ''incidence trol surfaces.

'8Jlgle" of an airfoiL The relationshitp between specified control The movement of an aircraft about its movements during flight and t'he move axes during normal flight maneuvers.

ment of the aircraft about its axes.

The relationship. between the center of The movement of the controls, control pressure o£ a wing and its angle.of attack.

surfaces, and the aircraft a!bout its axes during norm'al flight maneuvers.

The factors affecting stability of an air craft aJbout its axes.

Balance control surfaces after repair.

~he usual location of aircraft e.g. in re The relationship between specified nrove lationship to center of lift.

ments of the trim ta:b operating device and the trim mb.

The changes in lift and drag of the wings when an aircra-ft is rolled about its longi Secure the cockpit flight contrd1:s in pre tudinal axis.

paration for control surface rigging.

The procedure for establiShing wing angle The effect of a. worn pulley in a caMe of incidence prior to repairing wing at operated control system.

tachment fittings.

The means used to reduce or prevent con trol surface flutter.

Check alignment of structures.-Level 2: The purpose and operation of control Prepare fuse:lage for alignment check.

surface locks.

Check alignment of internally braced The purpose and operation of differential wing structure.

controls.

The significance and method of express The purpose and applicabi'lity of fair ing reference positions.

le'ads in a cable-operated control system.

Check alignment of assembled .aircraft.

Install and rig the cables in a flight con Assemble air~raft.-Level 3: trol system.

The methods of safetying aircraft screws, Splice control cables using Nicopress bolts, and nuts. sleeves.

The probable causes of control surface Use ballast when jacking aircraft with flutter. engine removed; The maintenance requirements of control The effects of wind when jacking aircraft.

surface trim tab systems.

G. AIRFRAME INSPECTION.

The purpose of counterweights incor porated in'to the leading edges of some Perform airframe conformity and air • primary control surfaces.

worthiness inspections.~ Level 3: The purpose and function of "spring The maximum period of time an aircraft tabs" and "servo tabs".

can be flown before an annual inspection is required.

Measure control surface movement and adjust control stops.

Determine the condition of airframes, The effect of temperature changes on con airframe systems, and components.

trol system -cable tension.

The primary purpose of inspection.

Assemble, adjust, inspect, and safety push The maximum time an aircraft that car pull tube-type flight control systems.

ries passengers for hire or is used in flight The types and characteristics of cables instruction can be flown before being in used in aircraft primary control systems.

spected.

Jack aircraft.~ Level 3 : Determine that an aircraft is in conform Determine maximum allowable jacking ity with FAA Specifications.

weight.

Determine that applicable Airworthiness The use of correct capacity jacks. Directives have been complied with.

Protect aircraft from damage during lift Co:n'duct a thorough and detailed inspec ing and lowering operations. tion of an aircraft.

AVIATION MECHANIC AIRFRAME TEST Section 2. Airframe Systems and Components A. AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR SYS· Determine the reason for "dragging" TEMS. brakes.

The method of equalizing braking pres Inspect, check, service, and repair land sure on both sides of the rotating disc of ing gear, retraction systems, shock struts, a single-disc brake.

brakes, wheels, tires, and steering systems.

-Level 3: Operate and check retractable landing gear.

Determine .aircraft tire inflation pressures.

Determine the cause of fading brakes.

The factors affecting the retreading of Replace actuating cylinders.

aircraft tires.

Install brake blocks in an expander-tube Adjust landing gear toe-in.

brake assembly.

Install and remove aircraft wheel and Inspect brake drums.

brake assem:blies.

The purpose and function of metering Insta;ll tu:bes and tires.

pins in oleo shock struts.

Protect aircraft tires from hydraulic Determine the cause of excessive brake fluids.

pedal travel.

Service brake dehoosters.

The operating princip~es of oloo shock Service landing gear shock struts.

struts during landing.

The storage requirements for aircraft The effects of increasing temperature on "parked" brakes. tires and tubes.

The effect of a broken return spring in a Determine the cause of an oleo strut bot brake master cylinder.

toming during taxi operations.

Determine the cause of grabbing brakes.

The pressure source for actuating power brakes.

The pul"pose and operation of a d~booster in a hydraulic power brake system.

Select and install air valves in oleo shock struts. Detect internal leakage in a brake master cylinder.

Observe safety precautions when de The operating principles of servo) ex mounting tire and wheel assemblies.

pander-tube, multiple~disc, and single-disc Determine if a brake system requires aircraft brakes.

bleeding; perform brake system b-leeding.

The pul"pose and operating principles of Inspect and adjust multiple-disc brakes.

brake master cylinders.

Install new linings in hydraulically oper B. HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC ated single-'disc brakes.

POWER SYSTEMS.

Determine the cause of spongy brake Repair hydraulic and pneumatic power action.

system components.- Level 2: Inspect and service .aircraft tires and Install packing seals and rings on hy tubes. draulic components.

Determine the correct seal type to use Identify the types of hydraulic power with ester-base, petroleum-base, and vege systems.

table-base fluids.

The purpose, location, and operation of Remove .and install hydraulic selector a hydraulic fuse.

valves.

Protect a hydraulic system against con Remove and install a spool-type or bal tamination during a component replace anced-type pressure regulator. ment.

Determine the cause of excessive oil in an Inspect a hydraulic system for water and aircraft pneumatic power system. metal contamination.

The operating principles of a pneumatic Service a pneumatic system moisture separator.

power system multistage reciprocating compressor.

The purpose, location, and operation of Identify hydraulic seals and pa:ckings. an orifice check valve in the wing flap actuating system.

Protect packing rings or seals against thread damage during installation.

. The purpose, location, and operation of a wing fl.a·p overload valve.

Identify and select hydraulic 1luids.

The purpose, location, and operation of Level 3: a hydraulic system pressure regulator.

Determine the fluid type for use in a speci The purpose, location, and operation o:f fied aircraft hydraulic system.

a sequence valve.

The method of ·measuring the viscosity The purpose, location, and operation of of a liquid.

a crossfiow valve.

Identify ester-base, petroleum-base, and vegeta.ble ... base fluids. The purpose, location, and operation of a hydraulic system pressure accumulator.

Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and The purpose, location, and operation of repair hydraulic and pneumatic power sys a shuttle valve.

tems.-Level 3: The purpose, location, and operation o£ Determine the air pressure in a hydraulic a check valve.

accumulator.

Install and remove engirie-driven hydrau The location and use of quick-disconnect lic pumps.

fittings in hydraulic and pneumatic sys tems.

The indications of a worn or damaged hydraulic pump shaft.

The mounting position of diaphragm and bladder-type hydraulic accumulators.

The operating prin-ciples of hydraulic Service hydraulic reservoirs.

hand pumps.

Determine the causes of incorrect system The cause of hydraulic pump chatter pressure.

during operation.

Service porous paper and micronic filter The operating principles of a constant ing elements.

displacement hydraulic pump.

Adjust the pressure setting of the mam The operating principles of a variable system relief vrulve.

displacement hydraulic pump.

Purge air from a hydraulic system.

The purpose of the shear section on the The term used to indicate force per unit shaft of an engine-driven hydraulic power area.

pump.

The methods used to control cabin pres The purpose and operation of a hydraulic sure of a pressurized aircraft.

actu'a..ting cylinder.

The protective features included in the Determine the cause if a constant-pressure control circuits of surface combustion hydr~ulic system with no external leakage will not hold pressure when the power heaters.

pump is not operating.

The purpose and operation of check Determine the cause if an engine-driven valves in the delivery air ducts of a pres power pump will not maintain system surization system.

pressure during t'he actuation of a unit The basic principles of providing and in the system.

contro'lling aircraft pressurization.

The general features and operating prin The inspection requirements of cabin ciples of aircraft pneumatic power sys heating systems that utilize an exh:aust tems.

heat exchanger as a source of heated air.

The purpose of pressurized reservoirs in The method of checking a oombustion some hydraulic systems.

heater fuel system for leaks.

The purpose and location of a standpipe The function of t:he condenser in a freon in some hydraulic reservoirs.

cooling system.

The causes of too frequent cycling of a The function of the evaporator in a freon constant-pressure hydraulic system.

cooling system.

Operate and check a hydraulically aper The function of an expansion valve in a ated flap system.

freon cooling system.

The operating mechanism of most hy The location, in relationship to each other, draulic pressure gauges.

of the units in a freon cooling system.

The indications of a low fluid supply The method oi determining the liquid during system operation.

level in a vapor-cyde cooling system.

C. CABIN ATMOSPHERE CONTROL The procedure for servicing a V'IL por-cycle SYSTEMS.

air -conditioning system that has lost all its freon charge.

Repair heating, cooling, air-conditioning, pressurization, and oxygen system compo The basic operating principles of an air nents.-Level 1 : cycle cooling system.

The usual reasons a surface combustion The function of a jet pump in a pres heater fails to operate.

surization and air-conditioning system.

The effects of cracks or holes in an ex The function of ·a mixing valve in an air haust-type heat exchanger.

conditioning system.

The usual sources of contamination of a The function of the negative pressure freon system.

relief valve in a pressurization system.

The method of protecting a freon system The function of the outflow valve in a from contamination during replacement pressurization system.

of a component.

The function and principles of operation Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and of an automatic ca:bin rate-of-climb con repair heating, cooling, air-conditionipg, trol system.

and pressurization systems.- Level 1: Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service and The operating principles of a thermo repair oxygen systems.- Level 2: statically controlled surface combustion heater. Check oxygen system for leakage.

Service oxygen system with bre at hing Th e purpose and operation of the auto oxygen. pilot.

Inspe ct a breathing oxygen system for The purpose of a se r vomobor in an auto contamination.

pilot system.

D. AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT SYS The insta:ll'ation requirements for auto TEMS.

pilot units.

Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and The function of a position tra nsmi tte r in repair heading, speed, altitude, time, atti an autopilot system.

tude, temperature, pressure, and position Inspect, check, and service aircraft elec· indicating systems.-Level 1: tronic communication and navigation sys The procedure fur "swinging" an aircraft tems.-Level 1: rn.agnetic compass.

The FC C regulations pertaining to the The meth'Ods used to test a static air sys operation of two-way radio .

te~ for leakage.

The principal co ndi tions which must be The signi fi cance of various types of marks oonsidered in the insta!llation of radio.

on the face of an instrument.

The operating prin ci!p les of a themlo Th e protect ion of radio equipment from coup'le temperature-indicating circuit.

shock and vibration.

The servi ce requirements of in st rum ent The methods of reducing engine noise in system filters.

radio receivers.

The effect of a ruptured or disconnected Inspect and repair antenna and electronic static pressure line located inside a pres equipment installations .- Level 2: surized cabin.

Th e pref erred location and methods of Install instruments. - Lev el 2 : mounting external antennas.

The installation and connection of shock The pr ocedure for returning an aircraft mounted vacuum instruments to their to service after a radio installation has power system.

been made in accordance w ith approved The types of hardware used to install installation data.

instruments.

The preferred loc at ion for the VOR lo The app lication of operation markings to calizer r ece iver antenn'a on a sma. l[ air t he glass face of an a ir cra ft instrument.

craft.

The protection of instruments during handling.

F. AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEMS.

The installation practices necessary to Check and service fuel dump systems.

prevent damaging an instrument.

Level 1: The installation practices used in making The reasons for requiring fuel dump hose or tubing connections to the in st ru systems.

ments.

The methods used to control the opera E. COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGA· tion of fuel dum'p ~hutes and valves.

TION SYSTEMS.

The princ ipal safety requirements for a Inspec t, check, and service autopilot and fuel dump system.

approach control systems.- Level 1 : The purpose of jettison pumps in fuel The operating principles of the sensing d ump systems.

device u sed in an autopilot system.

Troubleshoot, service, and repair ftuid Perform fuel management, transfer, and defueling.-Le vel 1: pressure and temperature warning systems.

-Level2 : The precautioPc; required when defueling Determine and adjust the pr essure or an aircraft.

temperature at whi ch warning systems The tank-to-engine combinations possible operate.

with a crossfeed system.

Determine the cause of incorrect warning The method of maintaing e.g. limits system indications and make corrections.

using fuel transfer technique.

Test the operation of temperature and Th e arrangement of fuel system controls, pressure warning systems.

indicators, and warning lights.

Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and Inspect, check, and repair pressure fuel repair aircraft fuel systems.- Level 3: ing systems.-Level 1: The fuel system inspection requirements The method of contro lling fuel level dur for aircraft operating in areas of high ing pressure fueling operations.

humidity or wide temperature changes.

Th e methods used to operate fueling The design and installation requirements valves.

for aircraft fuel tanks.

The prote ction of integral tanks against The maintenance requirements of fuel overpressure during pressure fueling op tank sumps.

erations.

The marking requirements for fuel filler The arrangement of fueling system con openmgs.

trdls, indicators, arrd warn ing lights.

The purpose o£ 'potassium dichromate in The precautions required when fueling an a fuel system.

aircraft.

The reason for using booster pumps with The purpose and operation of pilot valves.

engine-driven pumps.

Repair aircraft fuel system components. The purpose of baffte plates in fuel tanks.

-Level 2: The ins ta llat ion a nd operation require Repair and seal fuel tanks.

ments of fuel valves.

Pressure test fuel tarrks.

The venting requirements of intercon nected fuel tanks.

Remove and clean fuel strainers.

The precautions to follow when routing G. AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS.

fuel lines.

Repair aircraft electrical system compo- nents.-Level 2: The method of regulating fuel system pressure.

Use a "growler" in generator and motor armature inspection and repair.

Inspect and repair fluid quantity indicat Check the condition of shunt and com ing systems.- Level 2: pound generator fi e ld circuits.

The methods used to determine the level of fluid in a tank. Locate and use overhaul information for electrical equipment.

The purpose of remo te -reading electrica:l gages. The procedures for correcting generator brush arcing.

Calibrate liquidometer-type fluid quantity Dress or turn the co mmutator surface of indicating systems.

a motor or generator armature.

The effect of aircraft attitude on fluid level measuring devices. Flash a generator field.

The effect of changes in speed and load Instant check, and service airframe elec on generator output. trical wiring, controls, switches, indicators, and protective devices.- Level 3: The function of a commutator in a direct current electric motor. The purpose, applicability, and operation of electrical fuses and circuit breakers.

Seat new or replacement generator brushes. The types and operation of electrical switches.

The effect of incorrect generator brush spring tension on generator operation.

Install and wire electrical switches.

The methods of reducing armature reac Splice wiring in aircraft electrical sys tion in aircraft generators.

tems.

The operating principles of carbon-pile The characteristics of high-tension and voltage regulators.

low-tension electrical wiring.

The design factors that determine the The purpose, applicability, and use of number of cycles-per-revolution an alter electric·a.J wiring terminal strips.

nating current generator will produce..

The criteria for selecting aluminum and Determine the speed (r:p.m.) of an elec copper electrical cables.

tric motor.

Replace terminals on aircraft aluminum The basic principles of generators.

and copper electrical cables.

The factors that affect the torque pro Determine the curren:t-ctt.rrying capacity duced by an electric motor.

of an electrical circuit.

The methods used to protect armature The installation and maintenance of open shafts from overloads.

wiring electrical systems.

The speed and loa:d characteristics of Install electrical Wiring in conduits.

series-, compound-, and shunt-wound motors.

The metliod of protecting electricaUy op erated emergency systems from accidental The means employed to control current actuation.

and voltage output of aircraft generators.

The methods used to control output fre The strength requirements for electrical cable terminals.

quency and voltage of alternating current generators.

Select and install electrical bonding The general operating characteristit'lS of jumpers.

vi!brator-type current and voltage regu The instaUation requirements for electri lators.

cal junction boxes.

The purpose and operation of reverse The characteristics of single-wire electri current cutout relays in generator control cal systems.

circuits.

The special requirements an electrical The basic internal electrical circuits of bonding jumper must meet if it is re series-, compound-, and shunt-wound gen quired to carry a ground load for a unit erators.

of electrical equipment.

The operating principles of magnetic The purpose of shielding electrical wiring clutches and brakes commonly used with and equipment.

electric motors.

The purpose and operation of reversible The use of quick-disconnect electrical plugs and sockets.

electric motors.

The purpose of static wicks or dis H. POSITION AND WARNING SYS chargers. TEMS.

The American Wire Gage (A.W.G.) sys Inspect, check, and service speed· and tem of designating electrical wire sizes. takeoff-warning systems, electrical brake controls, and antiskid systems.-Levell: Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and The general requirements for installing repair alternating current and direct cur skid detectors.

rent electrical systems.- Level 3: The operating principles of hydraulic The results of short or open circuits in a brake antiskid systems.

generator control circuit.

Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and The effect of sticking points in a reverse current cutout relay. repair landing gear position indicating and warning systems.- Level 3: The cause and effect o:£ solenoid switch Determine the cause of a gear unsafe chatter.

warning signal.

The installation and circuit requirements The effect of various electrical faults in for anticollision light systems.

the operation of the landing gear warning The installation and circuit requirements system.

for position lights.

I. ICE AND RAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS.

The method of providing direct current for battery charging on aircraft that op Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and erate only alternating current generators.

repair airframe ice and rain control sys tems.-Level 2: The common methods of controlling out Install deicer hoots.

put current and voltage of compound di rect ctirrent generators.

The operating principles of anti-icing systems that utilize heated air in the lead The operating principles and characteris ing edges of airfoils and intake ducts.

tics of inverters.

The operating principles of electrically Determine the output frequency of an operated anti-icing systems.

alternating current generator.

Protect deicer boots from deterioration.

The operating principles and character istics of rectifiers.

J. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS.

The method of providing alternating cur Inspect, check, and service smoke and rent in aircraft that operate only direct carbon monoxide detection systems.-Level current generators.

1: The electrical device usually used to con The operating principles of smoke and vert alternating current to a ·lower or carbon monoxide detection systems.

higher voltage without a change in fre Inspeet, check, service, troubleshoot, and quency.

repair aircraft fire detection and extin The operating principles and eharacter guishing systems.- Level 3: istics of electrical induction coils.

The type of fire-extinguishing agent most The operating principles and character suitaJble for use with electrical fires.

istics of transformers.

The fire-extinguishing agent normally The advantages of using alternating cur used with built-in aircraft fire-extinguish rent in aircraft.

ing systems.

Check fire extinguisher container pressure. Determine the cause for the system failing to function.

Check continuity and resistance of the Check fire 'Yarning sensors or detectors ele~trical circuit.

for open or short circuits.

AVIATION MECHANIC POWERPLANT TEST Section 1. Powerplant Theory and Maintenance The purpose of valve overlap in some A. RECIPROCATING ENGINES.

engines.

Inspect and repair 14-cylinder or larger The effects o£ various poppet-type valve radial engine.- Level 1: face angles.

The purpose and advantages of using The characteristics of various types of propeller reduction gearing.

valve operating mechanisms.

The characteristics of thrust bearings used The operating characteristics of zero-lash in large radial engines.

hydraulic valve lifters.

The characteristics of crankshaft bearings Time engine valves during engine as used in large radial engines.

sembly.

The construction characteristics of the Install valve guides.

crankshaft and rod assemblies for a two Grind and resurface valves and valve row radial engine.

seats.

The loads acting on the power case and The purpose of using relatively large nose case of a large rad ia l engine during piston-to-cylinder wall clearances in air various conditions of operation.

c raft engine s.

The methods of classifying r-eCiprocating The indications of failed or failing engine engines.

bearings.

The factors that affeot the volumetric ef The result of operating an engine at high fi ciency of an engine.

power settings before the lubricating oil Determine the cylinder firing order for has come up to operating temperature.

various types of engines.

Check piston rings for correct end and side Overhaul reciprocating engine.-Level 2: clearance.

The purpose and operating principles of Check valve stems for stretch.

dynamic dampers used in aircraft engines.

Repair a scored aluminum piston.

The characteristics of various crankshaft Perform crank sh aft "runout."

designs.

Prepare engine for disassembly before The basic operating principles of four overhaul.

stroke cycle engines.

Measure inside diameter, taper, and out The characteristics of various piston pin of-round of a cylinder bore.

and knuckle pin retention devices.

Install cylinders and tighten holddown The processes used to harden cyIinder nuts.

bores.

The construction characteristics of air The purpose and applicability of choke cooled engine cylinders.

type or taper-ground cylinders.

The construction characteristics and the The wear characteristics of engine cylinder operating principles of poppet-type engine walls. valves.

The construction characteristics of aircraft The effect of a low oil supply on engine engine pistons. operation.

The types and arrangements of piston The indications of a correctly fun ctioning rings used in aircraft engines. engine oil system.

The probable cause of oil being thrown The purpose of using more than one spring on aircraft engine valves. out of the breather of a wet-sump engine.

The operating principles and construction Determine the source and cause of metallic of spur and pinion-type and planetary particles found on the oil screen during type propeller reduction gearing. engine inspection.

The effect of an unbalanced propeller on The principles of construction and opera engine operation.

tion of accessory gear drive trains on re ciprocating engines.

The power settings most desirable for protracted engine operation.

Inspect cast and forged engine crankcase assemblies.

Dilute engine oil in preparation for cold weather starting operations.

Remove and install studs in engine crank case and accessory sections.

The purpose and operating prin ciples of engine dynamic suspension systems.

Inspect, check, service, and repair opposed Install and time a magneto.

and radial engines and reciprocating engine installations.- Level 3: Install, troubleshoot, and remove recipro Check and adjust engine valve clearances.

cating engines.- Level 3: Determine the speed and direction of rota The effe ct of throttle pos it ion upon fuel tion of the cam ring in various radial air mixture in the cylinders during start engines.

mg.

The ·effect of excessive or insufficient valve Pr e-oil an overhauled engine before start clearance on engine operation.

ing.

The relationship between operating valve Install air-cooled engine baffies.

clearance and cold valve clearance.

The method of hoisting or lifting engines Perform cylinder compression tests.

during removal a nd installation.

Perform an ignition system operational The effect of increased engine manifold check.

pressure on master rod bearing load.

Determine the condition of cable-operated The effect of air density on engine power engine control systems.

output.

Check and ad just engine idling spel'ld and The causes of engine backfire.

mixture.

The ba sic operational sequence for in Detect and determine the cause of a "cold" creasing or reducing the power output of cylinder.

an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller.

The purpose of es t ablishing one or more critical ranges for certain engine-propeller · Th e factors that affect an engine's tend combinations.

ency to detonate.

The operating indications of a worn or The effect of induction system air leaks weak engine.

on engine operation.

The effect of a leaking oil dilution valve The indications of a leaking primer sys on engine operation. tem during engine operation.

The effect of e:x:ha.ust back pressure on The types of compressors most commonly engine power output. used in turbine engines.

The result of incorrect ·fuel-air mixture The construction and operating charac adjustments.

teristics of axial-flow compressors.

The indication and effect of carburet{)r The advantages of the axial-flow com -~mg.

pressor over the centrifugal compressor.

Operate and adjust mechanical push-pull The function and location of the diffuser control systems.

section.

B. TURBINE ENGINES. The basic design of turbine blades.

Overhaul turbine engine.- Level 2: The effect of high ambient temperatures on turbine .engine operation.

The relationship between rotor speed and total thrust of a turbine engine.

The type fa ilures to which turbine com ponents are subject.

The relationship between turbine inlet temperature and thrust of a turbine The results of excessive operating tem engine.

perature.

The relationship between operating alti Install, troubleshoot, and remove turbine tude and thrust of a turi>ine engine.

engines.- Level 2: The operating characteristics of turbine The operating ·p rinciples of a turbine engines equipped with two-spool or "split" engine.

compressors.

The effect of air density on the thrust of The operating characteristics of fan and a turbine engine.

bypass turbine engines.

The effect of exhaust nozz'le adjustments The rel at ive gas pressures in various por on turbine engine operation.

tions of a turbine engine.

The method of controlling compressor The function of the nozzle diaphragm in surge.

a turbine engine.

The purpose and operation of fuel con The function of the exhaust cone in a trol devices.

turbine engine.

The operating charact~ristics and types The cause of hot spots on the outer com of combustion chambers.

bustion casing.

Remove and install outer combustion The me t hod of ins uring ignition in com chamber case and liners. bustion chambers rrot equipped with ig niter plugs.

The metho'ds for disassembling compres sor sections. Adjust turbine engine fuel controls.

The function and location of fuel nozzles.

C. ENGINE INSPECTION.

Inspect, check, service, and repair turbine Perform powerplant conformity and air engines and turbine engine installations.

worthiness inspections.~Level 3 : Level 2: Determine that applicable Airworthiness The principles of operation of thrust re Directives are complied with.

versing systems used with turbine engines.

Determine that the powerplant conforms The advantages of a gas turbine geared to a propeller. with the applicable FAA Specification.

AVIATION MECHANIC POWERPLANT TEST Section 2. Powerplant Systems and Components The operation and use of sync:hronous A. ENGINE INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS.

motors.

Troubleshoot, service, and repair fluid Measure th e resistance of thermocouple rate-of-flow indicating systems.----Lev~l 2: leads.

The purpose· and opera ti ng principles of Determine the cause of .an inverse reading a fuel-flow indic ating syostem.

in a thermocouple temperature indicating The relationship between fuel .flow and system.

the power output of an engine.

Identify the types and application of Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and thermocouples used to indicate turbine repair engine temperature, pressure, and engine temperatures.

r.p.m. indicating systems.- Level 3: B. ENGINE FIRE PROTECTION SYS The operat'ing ·principles of thermocouple TEMS.

type temperature indicating systems.

Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and The effect of a broken or leaking manifold repair engine fire detection and extinguish pressure gage line.

ing systems.- Level 3 : The purpose an'd operating principles of Check continuity and resistance of the an exhaust gas .ana1yzer system.

electrical circuit.

The purpose and opera ting principles of Determine the causes oi system malfunc a manifold pr~ure indicating system.

ti on.

The operating principles of engine oil The methods used to release the extin temperature indicating systems. guishing agent.

Apply m'arkings to the glass face of en The sensing devices used in the detection gine instruments. systems.

Install tachometer driv es.

C. ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS.

Determine the reason for failure of an Repair engine electrical system compo- electric tac hometer system.

nents.-Level 2: The requirements for a carburetor air Check the condition of shunt ami com temperature indicating system.

pound generator .fie ld circuits.

Determine the reason for an off-scale Locate and use overhaul information for reading of a ratiometer-type indicating electrical equipment.

system.

The procedures for correcting generator Determine the cause of erratic indications brush arcing.

when using a thermocouP'le system.

Check a motor or generator armature to The purpose and operating prin ci pl es of determine that the windings are not fuel pressure warn ing systems. grounded.

Smooth t he commut ator surface of a mo The insta lla tion p ra ctices for thermo tor or generator a.rmature.

co uple le ads.

Determine the cause of solder deposits on Determine the output frequency of an al the armature cover plate of a generator. ternating current generator.

The purpose of a ripple filter in a gen The methods used to protect armature erator power circuit. shafts from overloads.

The type of electric motor used with Seat ne'v or replacement generator direct-cranking engine starters. brushes.

The types of voltage regulators used with The effect of incorrect generator bruS'h high output direct current generators.

spring tension on generator operation.

The results of short or open circuits in a The speed and loa.d characteristics of generator control circuit.

series-, compound-, and shunt-woun'd elec tric motors.

The effect of sticking ·points in a reverse current cutout relay.

The basic principles of electric generators.

The method of providing and controlling The basic internal electrical circuits of the field current of a.ircraft generators.

series-, compound-, and shunt-wound gen erators.

The methods of controlling parallel direct current generators.

The applicability and use of intermittent duty·· electric motors.

The .methods used to control output fre <Juency and voltage of alternating current The operating principles of magnetic generators.

clutches and brakes ·commonly used ·with electric motx>rs.

The methods of reducing armature reac tion in aircraft generators.

The requirements and methods for con trolling a malfunctioning generator.

The metho'ds of controlling current and voltage output of compound direct current The purpose and operation of reversible gene;mtors.

electric motors.

The operating principles of -carbon-pile Install, check, and service engine electri· V'Oltage regula.tors.

cal wiring, controls, switches, indicators, The operating chara·cteristics of series~ and protective devices.- Level 3: wound direct current elootric motors.

The purpose, applicaJbility, and operation The purpose and ·operation of reverse of electrical fuses and circuit breakers.

current cutout relays in generator control The types of electrical switches and their circuits.

operation.

The general operating characteristics of Install and wire electrical switches.

vibra.tor-type current and V{)}tage regu Splice wiring in engine electrical systems.

lators.

Flash a generator field. The characteristics of high-tension and low-tension electrical wiring.

The effect of changes in speed and load on generator output. The purpose, appli\lability, and use of ~lectrical wiring terminal strips.

The design factors t:hat determine the number of cycles per revolution an alter The criteria for selecting aluminum and copper electrical cables.

nating current generator will produce.

Replace terminals on aircraft aluminum The factors that affect the torque pro and copper electrical cs:bles.

duced by an electric motor.

The function of a commutator in a direct Types of switches and circuits used to current electic motor. control reversible electric motors.

Identify aircraft electric cables. The purpose of using synthetic lubricants for turbine engines.

Determine the current-carrying capacity of an electrical circuit. The effect of heat on lU'bricants.

Install electrical wiring in conduits. The grade designations for aviation oils.

Use electric cable selection chart for de The designations for synthetic turbine oil.

termining the corre:ct ca'ble to use in speci The results of operating an engine using fied circumstances.

an incorrect lubricant.

The strength requirements for electric The functions of engine oil in addition cable terminals.

to lubricating the engine.

Select and install electrical bonding Repair engine lubrication system compo- jumpers.

nents.-Level 2: The installation requirements for electri Clean and repair aluminum alloy external cal junction boxes.

oillines. · The installation and wiring o£ solen'Oid Clean external lubrication system compo operat~d switches.

nents.

The chara-cteristics of single-wire electri The function and location o£ an oil tem cal systems. · perature regulator.

The use of quick-disconnect electrical The size requirement for the oil inlet line.

plugs and sockets.

Clean and test oil tanks .

The American Wire Gage (A .W . G) sys The ·purpose and operation of the oil tem of designating electrical wire sizes.

cooler.

The cause and effect of sdlenoid sw.itch The operating principles of lubrication chatter.

pumps.

T·he method of providing dire ·ct current Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and for tbattery charging on aircraft that op repair engine lubrication systems. - Level 3: erate only alternating current generators.

Determine source and cause of metailic The maximum permissible continuous particles in the lubricating oil.

load on the electrical system.

The purpose and principles of operation The sources of alternating current power of engine oil dilution systems.

in aircraft that operate only direct cur rent generatoTS. The expansion space requirements for en gine oil supply tanks.

The operating principles and character istics of transformers. The purpose for changing engine lubri cating oil at specified intervals.

Determine the approximate continuous load on an aircraft electrical system.

The type of lubrication system generally used in high-volume reciprocating engines.

D. LUBRICATION SYSTEMS.

The factors that affect the oil consump Identify and select lubrieants.-Level 2 : tion of a reciprocating engine.

The desirable characteristics for aircraft The method normally used to prevent ex engine lubricating oils.

cessive oil from accumulating in the cyl inders of inverted engines or the lower cyl The meaning and importance of oil vis cosity. inders of radial engines.

The method of controlling the oil film on The meaning and significance of oil flash point. cyliilder walls.

The method of lubricating the valve E. IGNITION SYSTEMS.

operating mechanism in an overhead Overhaul magneto and ignition harness.

valve engine.

Level 2: The venting requirements of dry-sump The construction characteristics of mag and \vet-sump engine lubrication systems.

neto main case housings.

The effect of broken or leaking lines in The characteristics and construction ma various ·parts of the lubrication system.

terials of magneto pole shoes or coil core The effect of engine wear on the opera extensions.

tion of the lubrication system.

The purpose and methods of ventilating The operati."lg indications of a low engine aircraft magneto hou'sings.

oil supply.

The materials used in the construction of The method of maintaining a reserve sup magneto breaker points.

ply of oil in the engine oil supply tank The purpose and use of "keepers" placed for use in -propeller feathering.

across the poles of a rotating magnet that The requirements for marking oil tank has been removed from a magneto.

fillers.

Check the strength of a rotat ing magnet The purpose and operating principles of installed in a magneto. · the lubrication system pressure-relief Internally time a magneto during as valve.

sembly.

The purpose and operation of the oil Determine the rotational speed of a mag cooler bypass valve.

neto when installed on various types of The effect of congealed oil in the heat engmes.

exehange portion of an oil radiator.

The purpose and location of condensers The purpo~e, location, and operation of in a magneto electric a:l circuit.

anti-sludge chambers in the lubrication Determine the condition of magneto system of a reciprocating engine.

breaker points by visual indications.

The purpose and operation of the bypass Lubricate a magneto breaker cam.

'feature built into most engine oil filtering The effect of cam-follower wear on pivot systems.

and pivotless-type breaker-·point assem The operating principles of the stacked blies.

'disc, edge filtration type of filter.

The meaning of the term "E-Gap Angle."

The characteristics and operating prin The characteristics of the rotating mag ciples of dry-sump and wet-sump engine nets commonly used in aircraft magnetos.

lubricating systems.

Install and adjust breaker points.

The purpose, location, and operation of the oil separator.

The characteristics of cams us ed in air craft magnetos to operate the breaker Adjust engine oil pressure.

points.

The purpose of the restricted orifice in The purpose of settmg ignition ca:bles in the oil pressure gage line.

a plastic insulating material -within some The effect of obstructed rocker box inter ignition harnesses.

cylinder oil drain lines on engine oper Install high-tension ignition cables in a.

ation.

shielded ignition manifold.

The characteristics and principles of op The purpose and operation . of impulse eration of a radial engine oil scavenging couplings used with aircraft magnetos.

system.

The results of operating a magneto with Recognize and interpret basic ignition a broken impulse coupling spring .

analyzer patterns.

The methods used to secure ignition leads The purpose and operating principles of in harnesses and distributor blocks. spark advan ce systems.

Measure breaker point sp ring tension.

The effect of using condensers of incorrect capacity in an ignition system.

Repair engine ignition system compo- The operating principles of low-tension nents.-Level 2: ignition systems.

The purpose and operation of magneto The effect a shorted primary winding in breaker points.

a low-tension ignition coil has on engine Meas ure the capacity o£ a condenser.

operation.

Check ignition coil windings for shorts Install and test magneto ignition switches.

or open circuits.

Test an ignition harness for electrical Lo' cate and use data associated with igni leakage.

tion system components.

The purpose and principles of compen Th e effect of weak magnets on engine sated ignition timing.

operation.

The operating periods of turbine engine The effect of weak breaker point spring ignition systems.

tension on engine operation.

The results of using a spark plug oi in Clean and inspect spark plugs and igniter correct heat range in an engine.

plugs.

Install and remove spark plugs.

Adju: st spark plug electrodes.

The meaning of "reach" as applied to The precautions to c>bserve when working spark plug design.

with high~energy ignition systems.

Inspect spark plugs for damaged insula Determine that a distributor is internally tion.

timed.

The cause and effect of various types of The effect of high resistance in an igni spark plug fouling.

tion lead on engine operation.

The purpose and operation of an ignition The function and characteristics of igni booster system.

tion harnesses.

The purpose and operation of an induc Determine the continuity of ignition tion vibrator.

w1rmg.

In sta ll and time a magneto equipped with Th e co nstru ction and operation of a trans an impulse eoupling.

former coil for low-tension ignition sys tems.

F. FUEL METERING SYSTEMS.

Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and Inspect, check, and service water injec repair reciprocating and turbine engine tion systems.- Level 1 : ignition systems.- Level 3: The purpose and effect of injecting water The purpose of shielding aircraft engine or water-alcohol during periods of high ignition systems. engine power output.

The purpose ·and principles of staggered The means used to prevent the freezing of the water or ADI liquid.

~anition timing.

In stall and time an ignition system dis The effect of atmospheric humidity on tributor. engine power when using water injection.

The effect of exhausting the water supply The effect of a ruptured diaphragm in a pressure-type ca rburetor on engine oper during takeoff operations utilizing water ation. · injection.

The purpose and effect of the derichment The basic function of a manual mixture valve in the water ~ alcohol injection sys control in an airc raf t carburetor.

tem .

The location a nd operating prin ciples of The results of detonation within an engine.

discharge nozzles used with pressure car buretors.

The procedure to follow when detonation occurs.

Repair engine fuel metering system com ponents.-Level 2: The factor that determines the amount of water flow during ADI operation.

The operating principles of piston- type and single- and double- diaphragm ac The method for preventing corrosion of celeration pumps.

lines and fittings used in ADI systems.

The operating principles of direct fuel The purpose of the oil-pressure-operated injection systems.

valve in the ADI system.

The purpose and operation of a venturi.

Overhaul earburetor.-Level 2: The function of a metering jet .

The fuel metering forces of a conven The purpose of an air bleed in a carbu tional float-type carburetor and a pres retor.

sure-type carburetor.

The rel.&tionship between carburetor ven · The purpose of an economizer valve in a turi size and. engine displacement volume. carburetor.

The fuel-air mixture requirements of an Clean carburetor parts.

engme during idling and during high Repair a. leaking float.

power settings.

The adjustmen ts that may be made on a The operation of the idling system of a pressure-injection carburetor.

float-type carburetor and a pressure-type The effect of clogged impact tubes on carburetor.

engine operation.

The effect of a. clogged main air ·bleed in The function of the synchronizer bar on a float-type carburetor on engine opera fuel inj ection equipped engines.

tion.

Th e fun ction and operation of the ma.in Ch eck and adjust the float level of a float and idling air bleed systems in a float type carburetor.

type carburetor.

The effect of an incorrectly adjusted float level on engine operation. Inspe_ ct, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair · reciprocat'ing and turbine engine The effect of a worn or grooved needle fuel metering systems.- Level 3: valve and seat assembly in a float-type carburetor on engine operation. Adjust idling speed and mixture .

Th e operating principles of a back-suc The principles of ope ration of an auto matic fuel contr ol unit used on a turbojet tion-type mixture control.

engine.

The operating principles of an automatic mixture control. Trim turbojet engine fuel control systel!l.

The operating prin ciples of economizer Th e effe ct of in c re as ed altitud e on engine systems in float-type carburetors. fuel- air mixture.

The relative burning rates of various fuel The location and operation of main tuel air mixtures. strainers.

The fuel-air mixture requirements of a The causes and effects of fuel system reciprocating engine at various power vapor lock.

settings.

The location and operation of fuel valves.

The operating characteristics of engines H. INDUCTION SYSTEMS.

with direct cylinder fuel injection systems.

Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and Install, remove, and adjust direct cylinder repair engine ice and rain control systems.

fuel injecthm system components.

-Level2: The difference between a fuel injection The principles of alcohol injection to con system and a fuel injection carburetor.

trol induction system icing.

The cause of lean mixtures in a conven The effect of ice within the induction sys tional carburetor system.

tem on engine operation.

The effect an inoperative vapor vent in a The operating principles of carburetor air pressure-type caflburetor has on engine heaters used to prevent or eliminate ice operation.

in an engine induction system.

The factors that affect the density of the The method used to prevent the entry of air entering the cal.'lburetor.

rain into the induction system of a re ciprocating engine.

G. ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS.

The operating principles of electrically Repair engine fuel system components.

heated inlet ducts.

Level2: The use of engine bleed air to control The types of engine-driven fuel pumps engine inlet icing.

generally used with large reciprocating The causes of carburetor and induction engines.

system icing.

The purpose and operation of a fuel pump bypass valve. Inspect, check, service, and repair heat exchangers and superchargers.- Level 2: The purpose and operation of fuel boost The effect of using heated air during pumps.

periods of high engine power output.

Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and The pressures present in various portions repair engine fuel systems.- Level 3: of the induction system of supercharged The causes of fuel pres!:)ure fluctuation.

and unsupercharged reciprocating engines.

The characteristics of centrifugal-type The principles of operation and control fuel boost pumps.

of tul"bosuperchargers.

The fuel system requirements for aircraft The principles of operation and control certificated in the "standard" classification.

of integral superchargers.

The usual sources of aircraft fuel system The purpose and operation of the induc contamination.

tion system impeller used in some radial engmes.

The purpose and requirements for strain ers in fuel tank outlets.

Inspect, cheek, service, and repair carbu Inspect aircraft fuel tank sumps and fuel retor air intake and induction manifolds.

strainers.

Level 3: Adjust engine-driven fuel pump output The position of the carburetOr heat con trol during engine starting.

pressure.

J. ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMS.

The purpose and location of the induc tion system screen in a reciprocating Repair engine exhaust system compo· engine.

nents.-Level 2: The purpose and location of the "hot The construction characteristics of ex spot" heater in the induction system of haust augmenter tubes.

some reciprocating engines.

The materials used in exhaust system The installation and operation of a multi components.

point priming system on a radial engine.

The technique for cleaning ceramic-coated The purpose, location, and servicing re exhaust pipes.

quirements for carburetor air filters.

Detect and repair cracks in stainless steel The purpose and operation of ram air exhaust pipes.

intake ducts on reciprocating engines.

The methods used to compensate for the unequal expansion rate of exhaust system L ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMS.

components.

Repair engine cooling system compo- Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and nents.- Level 2: repair engine exhaust systems.- Level 3: The attachment of cylinder head baffies.

Inspect exhaust systems that utilize an exhaust heat exchanger.

The material used in the construction of air baffies.

The purpose and operating principles of Reprofile cylinder fins. the turbines driven by the exhaust gases of a tur!bo-compound engine.

The effect of valve adjustment on the heat The function and location of exhaust rejection rate of an engine.

augmenters.

Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and The cause and effect of "frozen" ball repair engine cooling systems.- Level 3 : joints in an exhaust system.

The operating principles of the cooling Clean and test exhaust-type heating muffs.

system of vertically installed air-cooled The methods for torquing exhaust system 'helicopter engines.

clamps.

The effects of excessive heat in an air The purpose and construction of exhaust craft engine.

gas noise suppressors.

The purpose of fins on engine cylinders.

The effect of exhaust gas leakage on sys tem components.

The effect of incorrectly installed 'baffies on engine operation. The purpose and operation of engine thrust reversers.

The function and operation of cowl flaps.

The effect of fuel-air ratio on engine K. PROPELLERS.

cooling.

Inspect, check, service, and repair pro The purpose and operation of cooling air peller synchronizing and ice control sys augmenting systems.

tems.-Level 1 : The principles of "pressure ba.ffiing" used The purpose of slinger rings on some in cooling aircra.ft engines. propeller installations.

The method of preventing ice formation The precautions necessary during ground on propeller spinners.

operation of aircraft engines.

The operating principles of electrical de The aerodynamic forces· and loads acting icing systems for propellers. on a rotating ·propeller blade.

The purpose of the governor step motor in The operating principles of propeller con the synchronizing system.

trols used with turbine engines.

The purpose of propeller synchronizing The meaning and significance of "static systems.

limits" as related to the installation of a fixed-pitch propeller.

The operating principles of synchronizing systems.

The purpose of the metal tipping on a.

wood propeller.

The operating principles of fluid anti icing systems.

Measure propeller blade angle.

The meaning of propeller blade "back" Identify and select propeller lubricants.

and "face."

-Level2: The method of making changes in the The principal requirements for propeller

speed and power output of an engine

lubrican ts .

equipped with a constant-speed pro~er.

The fa:ctors to be considered in selecting The operation of the distributor valve an oil or grease for a particular appli assembly of .a hydromatic propeller.

cation.

The normal position of a constant-speed Balance propellers.- Level 2 : propeller control during takeoff.

The effects of propeller unbalance on en The effect on engine operation of ~hang gine operation.

ing propeller pitch settings before a Detect and correct vertical and horizontal steady oil pressure is obtained after en unbalance in a two .Jb lade propeller.

gine starting.

Balance a two-blade propeller that uses The meaning and significance of "critical a. separate hub for mounting on the engine ranges" established for some engine-pro crankshaft.

peller combinations.

Repair propeller control system eompoo- The operation of a propeller during the nents. -Level 2: feathering cycle.

The operation of a propeller during the Insta:ll oil control plugs in governors.

reversing cycle.

Use manufacturer's data to repair com The ,purpose of placing a propeller in a ponents.

specified position ·prior to stopping the The purpose and operation of a propeller engine.

governor.

The relationShip ·between blade position, The forces acting. on a governor to pro airspeed, and angle of attack of the pro duce speed control.

peller blades.

Determine the direction of rotation for The operating principles of two-position which a ·propeller governor is set.

and constant-speed counterweight .pro pellers.

Inspect, check, service, and repair fixed pitch, constant-speed, and feathering pro The method of lubricating the pitch pellers, and propeller governing systems.

changing mechanism of a hydromatic pro Level 3: peller.

The purpose and function of the parts of The method of checking a steel propeller a propeller. hub or blade for cracks.

The general procedure to be followed The purpose and use of snap rings on when using the chemical etching process propeller installations.

to inspect aluminum alloy propeller blades.

The purpose and use of propeller cones in some propeller installations.

Determine whether a bent a.luminum alloy propeller blade can be repaired by cold Determine the amount of contact between straightening.

a tapered crankshaft and the propeller hub.

Clean and protect aluminum propeller Install and track a fixed-pitch and con blades.

stant-speed propeller.

The procedure for treating minor nicks Detect and correct looseness in a cable and scratches on aluminum propeller operated propeller control system.

blades.

The most likely indications of a damaged Determine the blade pitch stop settings piston-to-dome seal in a hydrom.a.tic pro on a variable-pitch propeller.

peller.

The operating forces used to make blade The most likely cause of oil leakage pitch changes on various types of variable around the rear cone of a hydromatic pitch propellers.

propeller.

The location and purpose of propeller Perform an operational check of a pro blade cuffs.

peller reversing system.

The constant-speed propeller setting used Install, troubleshoot, and remove propel when checking ignition systems.

Iers.-Level 3: Adjust a propeller governor so that the Perform an operational check of propeller ·propeller will operate within the correct feathering system.

range.

Detect and correct front and rear cone The purpose and significance of preload bottoming of a propeller installed on a ing the pitch -changing mechanism in a splined crankshaft. hydromatic propeller.

ORAL AND PRACTICAL TESTS Any assignment or question that you do not Completion of the oral and practical tests understand should be clarified before continu is usually the final step in becoming certificated or in adding a rating to a mechanic certificate. ing with the test.

An oral and a practical test must be taken for THE ORAL TEsT each rating.

Oral test questions cover the same subjects Oral and practical tests are administered as the written tests and are intended to show by FAA Flight Standards inspectors or by how well the applicant can make use of his FAA-designated mechanic examiners (DMEs).

know ledge. Oral test questions fall generally If an FAA inspector gives the tests, the re into three types: (a) questions closely related quired facility, tools, materials, and supplies to assigned practical projects-to further ex must be furnished or arranged for by the plore the applicant's understanding of the applicant. The adequacy and suitability of tasks being performed, (b) questions not re the facilities can be determined at the time lated to a specific project-to evaluate the arrangements for the tests are being made.

applicant's ability in areas in which a skill If a DME gives the tests, he will furnish the demonstration is not practical, and (c) ques facility and can usually arrange to furnish the tions to determine whether additional projects tools, materials and supplies needed. DMEs need t.o be assigned.

are not paid by the FAA for their services or SAMPLE ORAL TEST QuESTIONS the use of their facilities and equipment during Some examples of the type of questions asked the examination of mechanic applicants and during the oral test are : are authorized to charge a fee for administer 1. How would you determine the leveling ing oral and practical tests. The names and means for a specific aircraft ~ addresses of the FAA-designated mechanic ex aminers in each district can be obtained from 2. What is a blind rivet and how is it used~ the FAA Flight Standards district office that 3. What is reinforcing tape and how is it serves the area or from Advisory Circular No.

used?

183--30, Directory of FAA Designated Me 4. What is the difference between welding chanic Examiners.

and brazing~ The person administering the oral and prac 5. What is a circuit breaker and how does tical tests will provide an application form it work~ and give detailed instructions on how it should 6. What are two causes of vapor lock in a be filled out. He will explain each of the fuel line~ projects to be assigned during the practical test 7. What is the purpose of a pump-unload and give some indication of the level of per ing valve in a hydraulic system?

formance expected.

8. What cylinder should be removed last The oral test may be administered along during disassembly of a radial aircraft with the practical test in the form of ques engine~ tions about the projects being performed, or 9. What is detonation and how is it harm it may be administered separately, before or fuH after the practical test. The examiner will 10. How would you check a magneto for cor not attempt to trick or mislead you in any way rect internal timing ?

with his oral questions or project assignments.

11. What is the purpose of an engine oil The person administering the test will select dilution system~ projects that utilize as much as possible equip 12. How would you check a propeller for ment and procedures that are familiar to the correct track ~ applicant.

13. How is the moment of an item of equip A high level of manipulative skill in per ment determined in computing aircraft forming complex operations is not expected.

weight and balance~ Some of the basic skills must have been de 14. What precautions are required when veloped, however, and must be demonstrated fueling an aircraft ?

during the practical test.

15. What are the procedures for correcting A:pplicant's performance on projects in areas generator brush arcing?

described as Level 3 in the section entitled 16. What is the most common method for "The Written Tests" will be expected to meet determining the state of charge of a lead a return-to-service standard. If a project must acid battery ?

be performed in accordance with a manufac 17. How would you determine the effect that turer's instruction or other data, the examiner the installation of a new item of equip will expect you to consult the instruction or ment has on the balance of an aircraft~ data.

18. What is the purpose of a fuel tank sump Any of the operations required to ~m and how is it inspected?

plete the actions in Level 2 and Level 3 actiOn 19. How would you determine the direction lines are potential practical projects. Notice, of rotation of a direct current motor j for instance, the entry under "E. Welding" of 20. Why is a reverse-current cutout relay the Airframe Structures section of the listing.

required in a generator circuit?

This entry is entitled "Solder, braze, gas- and 21. What type compressor is most commonly arc-weld steel.-Level2." Since this is a Level used in aircraft turbine engines 1 2 action line, the applicant may be asked to 22. What are the installation practices for perform basic welding operations, but he will th;~rmocouple leads?

not be required to be a highly skilled welder 23. What is the purpose and operation of to pass the practical test.

the airfoil cooler in an engine lubrica On the other hand, consider the entry under tion system?

"E. Materials and Processes" of the General 24. Explain the four-stroke, five-event cycle section of the listing. The action line, "In" of a reciprocating engine.

spect and check welds.-Level 3," indicates 25. What is the purpose of the turbine sec that the practical test may include a project tion in a jet engine?

that requires the applicant to inspect and make 26. What is an Airworthiness Directive?

a dependable judgment about the quality of a 27. What is the difference between a two welded joint. His judgment should be based position propeller and a constant-speed upon (a) a generalized knowledge of weld propeller?

ing materials, (b) a specific knowledge of the 28. What are the general characteristics of type of welded joint being inspected, and (c) the wood commonly used in aircraft con the ability to .find out all the things he needs struction?

to know about the weld in order to judge its 29. How is stability about the horizontal axis quality.

of an aircraft obtained?

SAMPLE PRAcTicAL TEsT PRoJEcTs THE PRACTICAL TEST The following are typical of the projects The practical test consists of assigned work assigned during mechanic practical tests.

projects to test mechanical skill and ability to 1. Safety a turnbuckle.

organize work, select and follow correct pro 2. Make a sheet metal splice.

cedures, apply appropriate techniques, and ~e termine an acceptable level of workmansh1p. 3. Inspect a wood structure.

4. Remove, clean, inspect, and reinstall a 29. Install engine cylinders and torque the brake master cylinder. holddown nuts.

5. Gas-weld a steel tube.

30 . Perform a cylinder compression test.

6. Attach an electrical cable terminal.

Oral and practical tests are graded as soon 1. Make up a section of fuel line and install as they are completed, and the applicant is in fittings.

formed of his grade. If any part of either 8. Bleed and adjust hydraulic brakes.

test is failed, the person administering the tests 9. Compute empty weight center of gravity will issue a notice of disapproval of the appli and the most forward and rearward cation showing the titles of oral and practical loaded center of gravity of an aircraft.

subjects failed. He will also return the Air 10. Time the valves of an engine.

man Written Test Report that was presented 11. Adjust a carburetor float level.

by the applicant as evidence of having passed 12. Remove, clean, inspect, and reinstall an the written test.

engine oil filter.

An applicant who fails a test may apply 13. Install and time magnetos.

for a retest as prescribed in FAR Part 65 .

14. Remove and install a propeller.

An applicant has the option of returning to 15. Execute FAA Form 337, Major Repair the same FAA office or DME or applying to and Alteration.

any other office or DME for the retest. The 16. Perform a gear retraction test on an air retest will include only the subjects failed.

craft.

17. Replace shakeproof cowling fasteners. When all parts of the tests have been passed, 18. Perform a fabric strength test. the FAA office or DME will issue a temporary 19. Flash a direct current generator field. mechanic certificate. The following excerpts 20. Adjust turbine engine fuel controls. from FAR Part 65 pertain to temporary cer 21. Install packing seals and rings on hy tificates.

draulic components.

"! 65.13 Temporary certificate.

22. Remove and install engine-driven hy draulic pumps.

A certificate and ra tings effective for a pe 23. Check an oxygen system for leaks.

riod of not more than 90 days may be issued 24. Remove, clean, inspect, and install a to a qualified applicant, pending review of his fuel strainer.

application and supplementa ry documents and 25. Connect batteries to a constant-current the issue of the certificate and ratings for battery charger.

which he applied."

26. Locate cracks in welded assemblies using Permanent certificates are prepared and is dye penetrant.

sued by the Airman Certification Branch of 27. Start an engine, and check for proper the Federal Aviation Administration and operation.

mailed to the address indicated by the appli 28. Adjust idle r.p.m. and mixture on a con cant when he prepares the application form.

ventional carburetor.

SAMPLE ~TTEN TEST QUESTIONS

The questions in this section are similar to those contained in FAA written tests for mechanics. They are included to show the type of questions used. No attempt has been made to cover any particular subjects.

1. What must a certificated mechanic with 1. increase in direct proportion to the volume increase.

both airframe and powerplant ratings do prior to returning to service an aircraft on which he 2. remain the same.

has performed and approved a 100-hour in 3. be doubled.

4. be reduced to one-half its original spection' value.

1. Make the proper entries in the appro 4. How many AN470.AD--4-6 rivets will be priate logbooks.

required to attach a 10" x 5" splice plate if 2. Present his work and records to a single-row, minimum edge distance, 4D spac mechanic holding an Inspection Au ing is used~ thorization for final approval and 1. 60 rivets.

release.

2. 56 rivets.

3. Complete the required copies of FAA 3. 62 rivets.

Form 337 including an accurate de 4. 52 rivets.

scription of the work performed, date, mechanic's name, and certificate num ber.

4. Notify the local FAA maintenance in

IT

spector in writing of his intention to return the aircraft to service.

2. After making a major structural repair to an aircraft that is . to be returned to service, FAA Form 337, Major Repair and Alteration, must be prepared . How many copies are re quired and what is the final disposition of the completed forms¥ 1. Three-one copy for the aircraft owner 5. The length of flat A in the above draw- and two copies for the FAA.

ing is 2. Tw()-()ne copy for the aircraft owner 1. 3.750 inches.

and one copy for the FAA.

2. 3.875 inches.

3. Three--one copy for the aircraft owner, 3. 3.813 inches.

one copy for the FAA, and one copy 4. 3.937 inches.

for the permanent records of the repair 6. When making a forward weight and bal ing agency or individual.

ance check to determine that the center of 4. Two-both copies for the FAA.

gravity (e.g.) will not exceed the forward 3. If the container volume of a confined gas limit during extreme conditions, the items of is doubled (assume temperature remains con useful load which should be computed at their stant), the pressure will minimum weights are those located aft of the 1. forward e.g. limit 4. Connect and tighten the positive 2. rearward e.g. limit. lead before connecting the negative 3. datum. (ground) lead.

4. empty weight e.g.

11. Which of the followi ng statements relat ing to the conduct of a 100-hour inspec tion is true?

1. The inspecting agency shall use an in spection form as a checklist while per forming a 100-hour inspection.

2. The inspecting agency is not required to use an inspection form as a checklist while performing a 100-hour inspec tion.

7. The micrometer scale shown above indi 3. The inspecting agency shall use only cates a measurement of the inspection form furnished and pre 1. 0.5195 inch.

scribed by the FAA Administrator as 2. 0.4945 inch.

a checklist while performing a 100 3. 0.4695 inch.

hour inspection.

4. 0.4819 inch.

4. The inspecting agency shall use only 8. As the velocity of the air across an air the inspection form furnished and pre craft wing increases, the pressure of the air on scribed by the manufa c turer as a check the upper surface list" while performing a 100-hour in 1. increases.

spection.

2. decreases.

12. Which of the following has little or no 3. drops to zero.

effect upon the rate of vaporization of a given 4. remains unchanged.

fuel~ 9. If the cross-sectional area of a given 1. The pressure of the surrounding air.

conductor is increased to four times its original 2. The temperature of th~ :fuel.

value and the length and temperature remain 3. The temperature of the surrounding constant, the resistance of the conductor will be air.

1. one-fourth its original value.

4. The antiknock value of the :fueL 2. four-times its original value.

3. the same as ·its original value.

13. If an aircraft is cruising in level :flight 4. found by multiplying the original re and the stick or control co lumn is moved for sistance by the percentage increase in ward, the elevator will cross-sectional area.

1. go down and the nose of the aircraft 10. Which of the :following sequences of will go down.

connecting and tightening the battery leads 2. go up and the nose of the aircraft will should result in the safest procedure for in go down.

stallation of a battery in an aircraft with a 3. go down and the nose of the aircraft single-wire, ground-return electrical system~ will go up.

1. Connect and tighten the negative 4. go up and the nose of the aircraft will (ground) lead before connecting the go up .

positive lead.

14. During the inspection of an aircraft 2. Connect the negative (ground) lead, equipped with a ·push-pull tube-ty pe control connect the positive lead, then tighten system, the threaded rod ends should in the same order: 3. Connect the positive lead, connect the 1. be checked for the amount of thread negative (ground) lead, then tighten engagement by means of the inspection in the same order. hole provided.

2. be checked to determine that the ball 3. increase the length of the tape's edgt>a bear ing end is properly safetied to the for better doping.

pu sh-pull rod with brass or stainless 4. prevent raveling of the tape .

st eel sa fety wire.

19. Repairs or splices involving stringers on 3. be lubricated with waterproof high the lower surface of stressed-skin metal wings pressure grease.

are usually 4. not be adjusted in length for rigging 1. not permitted.

purposes because the rod ends have 2. permitted but are normally more criti been properly positioned and staked cal in reference to strength than simi during manufacture lar repairs to the stringers on the upper 15. How should loosely adhering du st and surface.

. dirt be removed from the exterior surfa ces of 3. permitted but are normally more criti aircraft transparent plastics~ cal in reference to aerodynamic clean 1. Spray the surface with any commer ness than similar repairs to the upper cial window cleaner.

surface.

2. Wipe the surface with a moist chamois.

4. permitted only if the damage does not 3. Flu sh the surface with water .

exceed 6 in ches in any direction.

4. Wipe the surface with a dry cloth.

16 . When rigging the wings on a monoplane 20. Which of the following is not indicated equipped with front and rear lift struts , the by the aluminum sheet desi gnation ALCLAD general practice is to 2024--T36~ 1. control dihedral angle by the length 1. The process or ~ombination of opera of the front struts.

tions used to produce the stable temper.

2. establish the incidence angle by the 2. The thickness of the sheet.

length of the front struts, and wash- in 3. Major alloying element. .

and wash-out by adjusting the length 4. Method used to produce stable temper of the rear struts.

(whether strain hardened or heat 3. pre - rig the rear s truts and adju st th e treated).

length of front s truts for propeller 21. When steel hi-shear rivets are used to to-rque correction as required.

assemble aluminum alloy structural compo 4. use strut s of fixed length and rig in nents, the y should be propeller-torque correction by the use 1. used at no greater ratio than one hi of ground -adjustable rudder tab s.

shear rivet for each three aluminum 17 . It is not considered good aircraft fin is h alloy rivets.

ing technique to 2. dri v en at 830° to 860° F. in order to 1. spray enamels ov er dopes or lacquers.

reduce the possibility of cracking.

2. spray bituminous paint on wood.

3. spray dope or la cquer ov er unbaked 3. coated with zinc chromate primer prior enamels. to assembly to reduce dissimilar-metal 4. use zinc chromate prim er on aluminum corrosion.

alloy structures.

4. fitted to extremely close tolerances.

18. A lapped and doped spanwise seam at 22. The type of fluid to be us ed in an air the trailing edge of a wing should be covered craft hydraulic sy s tem c an be determined with s urfa ce tape at least 3 inches wide. Prior 1. only by a chemical analysis of a sam to appli cation, the surface tape should be ple of fluid from the system.

notc hed at int er vals not to exceed 6 inches to 2. by the markings on or near the reser 1. make it easier to put on severe c urva voir filler opening.

tures.

3. by the color code attached to the hy 2. pr event the entire ta pe from loosening in the eve nt the tape begins to separate. draulic lines.

4. by mixing a sample of the fluid to be category turbojet airplanes are generally pro added with a sample of the fluid in the tected from ice accumulation by system and observing the reaction.

1. hot air bleed from the engine co m pressor section to the leading edge.

23. What will cause an engine-driveq hy draulic pump of the correct capacity to fh.il to 2. hot air from co mbustion heaters which are located in each wing.

maintain normal system pressure during the 3. electrically heated synthetic rubber operation of a cowl flap actuating unit~ boots over the leading edge.

1. Severe bends in the cowl flap actuating 4. pneumatically operated expansion boots cylinder lines.

on the leading edge.

2. Severe restriction in the pump outlet.

3. A partial restriction in the in-port of 28. Aircraft equipped with a d .c . electrical the selector valve. system often require a source of a.c. to ope rate 4. A partial restriction in the out-port of communication or navigation equipment. What the selector valve. .

electrical de vice is used to convert d.c. to a. c.~ 1. A rectifier.

24. Many landing gear systems use sequence 2. An inverter.

valves to ca use one hydrauli c operation to fol 3. An exciter.

low another in a definite order. These valves are classified as 4. A capacitor.

1. pressure control valves.

29. Which of the following methods will be 2. flow co ntrol valves.

effective in reversing the direction of rotation 3. timelag valves.

of a d.c. electric motor~ 4. automatic crossflow valves.

1. Reverse the direction of current flow 25. Shuttle valves installed in large au through either the field or the arma craft braking systems allow ture.

2. Reverse the direction of current flow 1. two independent systems to operate the through th e motor.

same actuator if necessary.

2. the safe application of brakes regard 3. Rotate the brush assembly approxi mately 90 degrees.

less of ground speed due to the com 4. Move the start ing winding 180 de pensating action of the valves.

grees from its present position.

3. fluid to bypass from the right wheel cylinder to the left wheel cylinder if 30. Which of the following is Mt a recom braki ng pressul\es are different. mended aircraft electric cable practice~ 4. the compensa ting port, interconnecting 1. All cables to single items of equipment both master cylinders, to discharge should be grouped separately.

fluid alternately from one to the other .

2. Insulating tubi ng should be installed 26. Cabin pressurization differential pressure over terminals and disconnect splices.

3. All splices in adjacent parallel co n is normally controlled by 1. varying the outflow valve position with ductors should be staggered.

changes of engine r.p.m. at constant 4. Alternating current cables should be altitude. grouped with direct current cables.

2. maintaining cabin supercharger speed 31. What effe ct will increased humidity have at a fixed rate regardless of altitude by on engine power output~ a constant-speed drive. 1. No appreciable change in power out 3. constant-volume cabin superchargers put.

and an automatically positioned cabin 2. Power output will decrease at all alti outflow valve. tudes.

4. manually regulating the setting of the 3. Power output will increase at all alti butterfly valve located between the tudes.

supercharger and the cabin. 4. No effect at sea level but greater power 2'7. The wing leading edges of transport output at altitude.

37. Burned or electrically distorted magneto 32. Where in the airstream is the induction system screen located in a reciprocating en breaker point contact surfaces usually indicate 1. primary circuit condenser not function gine~ 1. After the carburetor. ing properly.

2. use of improper fuel.

2. Before the carburetor if the engine is equipped with a downdraft c arburetor 3. poor point lu brication.

and after the carburetor if the engine 4. shorted spark plug leads.

is equipped 'vith an updraft carburetor.

38. To what does the term "spark plug 3. Before the carburetor.

reach" refer?

4. Before the carburetor if the engine is 1. The length of the threaded portion of equipped with an updraft carburetor the shell.

and after the carburetor if the engine 2. The amount of center electrode exposed is equipped with a downdraft carbu to the heat of combustion.

retor.

3. The heat range within which the spark plug is designed to operate.

33. What method is ordinarily used to make 4. The amount of insulator exposed to the idle speed adjustments on a float-type carbu heat of combustion.

retor~ 39. An impulse coupling gives a momen 1. An adjustable throttle stop or linkage.

tary high spin tQ the magneto rotor and 2. A variable restriction in the drilled 1. retards the spark a predetermined passageway which connects the air amount during the starting process.

space of the float chamber and the car 2. disengages the trailing electrode.

buretor venturi.

3. feeds battery current into the primary 3. An orifice and adjustable tapered circu it of the magneto.

needle.

4. momentarily shorts out the primary 4. A variable restriction in the idle sys condenser; thus, assists in giving a tem fuel supply .

very "hot" spark for starting.

34. The use of water injection permits a 40. What is the number of crankshaft revo reciprocating engine to be operated at high lutions required to cause the five-lobe cam power output by plate of a nine-cylinder radial engine to turn 1. enriching the mixture.

one ·complete re v olution~ 2. suppressing detonation.

1. 2.

3. cooling the fuel-air charge as it passes 2. 5.

through the intake manifold.

3. 10.

4. increasing the octane rating of the fuel.

4. 41fz .

35. Which of the following is not a factor in 41. If an engine equipped w ith a. constant the operation of an automatic fuel control unit speed propeller is operated at part throttle and used on a turbojet engine~ at cruising r.p.m., a reduction in r.p.m. with no 1. Mixture control position.

change in throttle setting will result in 2. Compressor inlet air density.

1. no change in manifold pressure.

3. Compressor r.p.m.

2. an increase in manifold pressure.

4. Throttle position.

3. a decrease in bmep.

4. a decrease in manifold pressure.

36. When does ignition occur in a four-stroke cycle engine ~ 42. Thermocouple-type temperat ur e indicat 1. Before the piston reaches top center on ing instrument systems the compression stroke. 1. require no external power source.

2. are classed as balanced type, variable 2. At top center of the compression stroke.

· resistor circuits.

3. At the beginning of the power stroke.

4. After the piston begins its downward 3. usually contain a balanc ing circuit in travel on the power strok~ · the instrument case to prevent ftuctu ations of the aircraft electrical system 47. Hydraulically operated propellers, that voltage from affecting the. temperature are in the low r.p.m. position for starting, reading.

should not be changed to the high r.p.m. setting 4. will not indicate a true reading if the until a steady oil pressure is obtained. This aircraft electrical system voltage varies procedure is followed to prevent beyond the range for which the in 1. congealing of the oil in the nose case struments are calibrated.

seavenger system.

43. Which of the following is correct in 2. erratic pitch change during later pro reference to installation of aluminum alloy peller operation.

bafHe brackets under cylinder holddown nuts~ 3. oil starvation of the highly stressed L The practice is not recommended. engine bearings.

2. It is considered good practice because 4. the possibility of an air lock forming the soft aluminum will allow the nut to in the propeller governor boost pump.

align perfectly with the cylinder flange 48. What is the primary purpose of propel surface.

ler cones, as used with propellers that are in 3. It is not recommended unless all con stalled on engines with splined shafts~ tact surfaces are properly treated to 1. To prevent contact between the shaft eliminate the possibility of dissimilar splines and the propeller hub splines.

metal corrosion.

2. To prevent rotation of the propeller on 4. It is considered good practice unless the shaft.

the added thickness of the bracket does 3. To reduce acceleration loads on the not allow the nut slot to line up with shaft splines.

the cotter pin hole within the range of 4. To center the propeller on the shaft.

recommended torque values.

44. What should be done before adjusting 4:9. If a constant-speed propeller control is (to the "cold" clearance setting) the valve set in the constant-speed range and the engine clearanc;e of a nine-cylinder radial engine is being operated at cruising power, equipped with a four-lobe, double-track cam 1. retarding the throttle will result in an ring~ increase in blade pitch.

1. Remove and visually inspect all cam 2. movement of the throttle will have no follower assemblies.

effect on blade pitch.

2. Open all valve clearances to the "hot" 3. the r.p.m will vary directly with move or "timing" setting.

ment of the throttle.

3. Determine the least worn cam flat on 4. advancing the throttle will result in an each track.

increase in blade pitch .

4. Open all valve clearances to approxi 50. Why is a double-field winding (split mately twice the required setting.

field) used in some d.c. electric motors ~ 45. The purpose of the bypass valve on an 1. To allow the motor to operate in either oil cooler is to bypass the direction (reversible motor).

1. hot oil into the hopper tank directly.

2. One set of field windings is used as a 2. cold oil into the oil filter.

magnetizing coil to actuate the arma 3. hot oil past the "Y" drain.

ture brake.

4. cold oil into the hopper tank directly.

3. One set of field windings is used as a 46. Which of the following is referred to as the propeller blade face? magnetizing coil to engage the motor clutch.

1. The root end of a propeller blade.

2. The flat side of a propeller blade. 4. One set of field windings is used as a 3. The cambered side of a propeller blade. magnetizing coil to disengage the 4. The cuff around a propeller blade. motor clutch.

Answers to Sample Written Test Questions Question Question Question Number Answer Numb er Answe r Number Answer 1-1 18 - 2 35-1 2 -- 2 19 - 2 36 -1 3 -4 20-2 37 - 1 4 - 2 2 1-4 38- 1 5 -1 22-2 39 - 1 6-1 23 - 2 40 - 3 7-2 24- 2 41--2 8 -2 25--1 42-1 26 - 3 9 -1 43 - 1 27 - 1 10 - 4 44-3 11--1 28 - 2 45-4 12 - 4 29 - 1 46 - 2 13 - 1 30 - 4 47 - 3 31- -2 14 - 1 48 - 4 15-3 32 - 3 33--1 49 - 4 16 .- 1 34--2 50-- 1 17 - 3 RECOMMENDED STUDY MATERIALS TITLE The publications listed in this section will FAR PART be helpful to persons studying for airframe 1 Definitions and Abbreviations and powerplant tests. However, they cannot 21 Certification Procedures for Pro be depended upon to provide the total tech ducts and Parts nical information required for either rating.

23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, It is the responsibility of each applicant to Utility, and Acrobatic Category obtain study material appropriate to his own Airplanes needs.

25 Airworthiness Standards: Trans A variety of excellent text and reference port Category Airplanes material is available from commercial pub 27 Airworthiness Standards: Normal lishers. Most public and institutional libraries Category Rotorc:raft maintain technical reference sections and can often recommend specific textbooks and au 29 Airworthiness Standards: Trans thors. Manufacturers' operation, maintenance, port Category Rotorcraft and instructional manuals are also a good 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft source of technical material.

Engines Publications identified as (GPO) m this 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propel section are available from the: lers Superintendent of Documents 37 Technical Standard Order Authori U.S. Government Printing Office zations Washington, D.C. 20402, 39 Airworthiness Directives 43 Maintenance, Preventive Mainte or from GPO bookstores located m major nance, Rebuilding, and Altera cities throughout the United States.

tion Publications identified as "(Free FAA)" in 45 Identification and Registration this section are available from: Marking U.S. Department of Transportation 65 Certification: Airmen Other Than Publications Section, TAD-443.1 Flight Crewmembers Washington, D.C. 20590 91 General Operating and Flight Rules Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 121 Certification and Operations : Do The following regulations should be useful to mestic, Flag, and Supplemental a person studying for mechanic tests. A Air Carriers and Commercial knowledge of the rules they contain is often Operators of Large Aircraft helpful and sometimes necessary during the performance of mechanic privileges. F ARs FAA Advisory Circulars-The FAA is contain direct references for answering pres sues advisory circulars to inform the aviation ent written test questions. The appendix public in a systematic way of nonregulatory material o£ interest. Advisory circulars are contains complete titles and ordering instruc tions for F ARs. issued in a numbered-subject system corre sponding to the numbering system used for construction, theory of operation, and maintenance of aircraft powerplants.

Federal Aviation Regulations.

(GPO) The advisory circulars most often used for AC 65-15 Airframe & Powerplant Me general study purposes are: chanics - J..irframe Handbook. This AC 00-2 [latest revision] Advisory Cir handbook may be used for training me cular Checklist. Provides a list of cur chanics or for on-the-job training in rent FAA advisory circulars. (Free airframe construction, repair, and the op FA.A) erating theory of airframe systems.

AC 25-5C Plane Sense. Provides gen (GPO) eral aviation information for the private Many other advisory circulars may be use aircraft owner. (Free FAA) ful to a mechanic or mechanic applicant. The AC 20-9 Personal Aircraft Inspection Advisory Circular Checklist should be con Handbook. Provides a general guide, in sulted for titles, descriptions, and ordering simple nonteclmical language, for the in information. A partial li st of related circu spection of aircraft. (GPO) lars is shown below: AC 20-23D Interchange of Service Ex AC 20-7 [latest revision] General Avia perience-Mechanical Difficulties. Ad tion Inspection Aids Summary. Con vises of the malfunction and defect pro tains information on reported service gram and its relationship to the General difficulties of various aircraft during the Aviation Inspection Aids. (Free FAA) year. (Sub. GPO) AC 20-43A Aircraft Fuel Contamina AC 20-30A Airplane Position Lights tion. Informs the aviation community of and Supplementary Lights. Provides the potential hazards of fuel contamina an acceptable means f or complying with tion, its control, and recommended fuel the position lig ht requirements for air servicing procedures. (Free FAA) plane airworthiness and acceptable criteria AC 43.13-1A Acceptable Methods, Tech for the installation of supplementary niques, and Practices-Aircraft Inspec lights on airplanes. (Free FAA) tion and Repair. Contains methods, AC 20-32B Carbon Monoxide (CO) Con techniques, and practices acceptable to tamination in Aircraft-Detection and the Administrator for inspection and re Prevention. Informs aircraft owners, pair to civil aircraft. (GPO) operators, maintenance personnel, and AC 43.13-2 Acceptable Methods, Tech pilots of the potential dangers of carbon niques, and Practices-Aircraft Altera monoxide contamination · and discusses tions. Contains methods, techniques, and means of detection · and procedures to fol practices acceptable to the Administrator low when contamination is suspected.

in altering civil aircraft. (GPO) (Free FAA) AC 6~9 Airframe & Powerplant Me A C 20-35B Tie-down Sense. Provides chanics-General Handbook. This hand information of general use on ai rcraft book may be used for training mechanics tie-down techniques and procedures. (Free or for on-the-job trainin g in basic infor FAA) mation on electricity, weight and balance!

AC 20-36D Index of Materials, Parts physics, mathematics, mechanic privileges and Appliances Certified Under the and limitations, etc. (GPO) Technical Standard Order System AC ~12 Airframe & Powerplant Me July 1, 1972. Lists the materials, parts, chanics-Powerplant Handbook. This and appliances for which the Adminis handbook may be used for training me trator has received statements of con chanics or for on-the-job training in the formance under the Te chnical Standard Order system. Such products are deemed Airworthiness Directives-The ai rworthi to have met the requirements for FA ..... <\. ness directives are summarized in two volumes, one covering small aircraft and the other approval as provided in Part 37 of the large aircraft. Each volume may be pur Federal Aviation Regulations. (Free chased separately.

FAA) The January 1976 issues of the Summary AC 20-44 Glass Fiber Fabric for Air of Airworthiness Direct iv es- V olu.mes I and craft Covering. Provides a means, but II, will be sold and . distributed for the Super not the sole means, for acceptance of glass intendent of Documents by the Federal Avia fiber fabric for external covering of air tion Administration from Oklahoma City, craft structures. (Free FAA) Oklahoma. Requests for subscriptions to AC 20-45 Safetying of Turnbuckles on e ith er of these publications should be sent to: Civil Aircraft. Provides information on U.S . Departm e nt of Transportation turnbuckle safetying methods that have Federal Aviation Administration been found acceptable by FAA during P.O. Box 25461, Attn: AAC-23 past aircraft type certification programs.

Oklahoma City, OK 73125 (Free FAA) Subscription service will consist of the sum Miscellaneous FAA Publications-Infor mary and automatic biweekly updates to each mation contained in the following publications summary for a 2-year period. :Make certified

a-re .of.ten needed by a certificated mechanic

cheeks or money orders payable to the Federal during the exercise of certain privileges. .Me Aviation Administration.

chanic applicants should know what type of information they contain, but may find it in Summary of Airworthiness Directives for advisable to purchase thelll for study purposes Small Aircraft (1-1-76) Volume I. Pre only. sents, in volume form, all the Airwort-hiness Dir ectives for small aircraft issued through Specifications-The Aircraft, Engine, and Dece mber 31, 1975. AD's for engines, propel Propeller Specifications are available from the lers , and equipment are included in each vol Government Printing Office. The basic sub ume. Each volume is arranged alphabetically scription consists of Specifications and Type by product manufa ct urer. (S ub. GPO) Data Sheets, listings and indexes, plus Summary of Airworthiness Directives for monthly supplementary service for approxi Large Aircraft (1-1-76) Volume II. Pre mately one year.

se nt s, in volume form. all the Airworthiness Aircraft T ype Certificate Data Sheets and Directives for large , aircraft (over 12,500 Specifications. (Sub. GPO) pounds maximum cert ificated takeoff weight) Aircraft Engine and Propell er Type issued through December 31: 1975. AD 's for Certificate Data Sheets and Specifications.

engines, propellers, a nd equipment are in (Sub . GPO) cluded in each volume. (Sub. GPO)

APPENDIX

FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS

Federal Aviation R~gulat.ions, AC 00-44."

The F A.A. publishes the Federal Aviation Instructions for ordering this free status list Regulations to make readily available to th e aviation community the regulatory require are given in the front of each single-sale Part.

ments placed upon them. These Regulations The following list indicates the breakdown are so ld as individual Parts by the Superin of the single-sale Parts and the s ub scription tendent of Docwnents.

Parts. Chec~~ or money order made payable to the Superintendent of Documents should

The more frequently amended Parts are

sold on subscription service (that is, subscrib be included with each order. Submit orders ers will receive· Changes automatica lly as for single-sales and subscription Parts on dif issued), while the less active Parts are sold on ferent order forms. ~o COD orders are accepted. All FAR Parts should be ordered a. single-sale basis. Changes to single-sale Parts will be sold separately as issued. Infor from: Superintendent of Documents, U.S.

mation concerning these Changes will be fur Government Printing Office, "T ashington, D.C.

nished by FA...<\. through its "Status of the :20-102.

P AXTS Sor.u ox St ·sscRIPTiox SERnCE Catalog Publication number dat e Pa rt Title June 1974 1 Definitions and abbreviations --------------- -------- ----- -- TD 4.6 :1 ?.lay 1974 2l Certification proct."dures for produ cts and part s ---- -------- --- TD 4.6 :21 23 Alrn-ortbint'SS standards: Xormal , utility, and acrobatic category June 1974 airplant>S ------------------------- ------- ---------- ------ TD 4.6:23 25 Airn-orthlnE!'SS s tandards: Transport catE-gory airplanes --- --- TD 4.6 :25 do August 1974 33 Alrn-orthinE'SS standards: Aircraft t>nginE'S --- -------------- TD 4.6 :33 June 1974 36 Noise standards: Aircraft type- certificati on --- ------ ------ -- TD 4.6:36 1\!ay 1974 37 TE'cbnlcal s tandard ordt>r authorizations ------- - ------------ TD 4.6 :37 43 Maintenance , pn>TPntiTE' ma intt> nance rebuilding , and altE-ration _ TD 4.6 : -13 Januar y 1974 May 1974 47 Aircraft n>gistration -------- -' ----- ------------- --- -- ------ TD 4.6:47 61 Certification: Pilots and flig ht instructors ----- --------------- TD 4.6 : 61 NOTE'm~r 1974 6S Ct>rtitlcation: Flight cn>wmE'mbt>rs ot her than pilots ----------- '.rD 4.6:63 Se pt . 1974 65 Certification: Airmt>n otht>r than ftight cre=emhers ---------- TD 4.6 :65 do March 1974 91 General operating and flight rules - - - - -----~- ---------------- TD 4.6 :91 93 Special air traffic rules and airport traffic pattPrns ---- ------- TD 4.6 :93 do 103 Transportation of dangerous articles and roagnt>tlzed matE-rials _ TD 4.6:103 do do 105 Parachute jumping --------------- - - -- -------- -------------- TD 4.6 :105 121 Certification and Operations: Domestic, tlag, and supplemental air carriers and commercial operators of large aircraft ------ TD 4.6:121 April 1974 123 Certification and operations: Air traTel clubs using large air - TD 4.6 :123 do planes --------- ----------- - - --- ----------- -------------- 127 Certl11.cation and operations of schE'duled air . carriers with do helicoptE-rs ---------- ----------- ------------ ------ -- ----- TD 4.6 :12 7 NoTem~r 1974 133 Rotorcraft ertemal-load operations - --------- -- -- --- -- ------ TD 4.6 :133 135 Air taxi ope rators and coDliDt'rctal opera t ors of small aircraft __ TD 4.6:135 do 139 Certl11.cation and operations : Land airport s serv i ng CAB~rtifi - cated schE'dulE'd air carriers operating large aircraft (othe-r December 1974 than helicopters) --------- --------- -- ----- ------------ TD 4.6:189 November 1974 141 Pilot sc hools --- -- ---------------- - - - -- -- ---------------- TD 4.6 :14 1 December 1974 152 Airport aid program --------------- - - ---- - - -------------- TD 4.6:152

Catalog Publication Part Title Number date May 1974 11 General rnlemaklng procedures ----------- ----------- -------- TD 4.6 :11 Feb. 1, 1974 and Change 1 --------------------- - --------------------------- TD 4.6 :11/C h 1 Jan. 1, 1975 13 Enforcement procedures -- - ------------- - -------------------- TD 4.6:13 do 27 Airworthiness standards: Xormal category rotorcraft --------- TD 4.6 :27 August 1974 Oct. 31, 1974 Change 1 -------------------------- -- - -- - ---- - ------------ TD 4.6 :27/ Ch 1 29 Airworthin€'ss standards : Transport category rotorcraft ------- TD 4.6 :29 August 1974 Change 1 ---------------- - ---- - -------------------- - ------ TD 4.6 :29/Ch 1 Oct. 31, 1974 81 Airworthiness standards: Manned free balloons - ------- -- ----- TD 4.6 :31 August 1974 S5 Airworthin€'ss standards: Propellers ------------------------- TD 4.6 :85 do 39 Ai r worthiness directiYes ------------------------------------- TD 4.6 :39 May 1974 45 Identification and registration marking --- - -- - - -- - -- ---------- TD 4.6 :45 do 49 Recording of aircraft titles and secu rity documents ----------- TD 4.6 :49 do 67 Medical standards and certification ---------------------- --- - TD 4.6 :67 September 1974 71 Designation of Federal airways, area low routes, controlled January 1975 airspace-, and reporting points ---------- -- ----------------- TD 4.6 :71 July 28, 1975 Change 1 ----- - -- - -- - ------------------------------------- TD 4.6 :71/ Ch 1 January 1975 73 Special use airspace ---------------------------------------- TD 4.6 :73 July 28, 1975 Change 1 -------- - ------------------- - -- - - --- - ------ ------ TD 4.6 :73/ Cb 1 75 Esta blis hment of jet routes and high area route s ------------- TD 4.6 :75 Januar y 1975 77 Objects affecting na;igable airspace ------- ----------- ------- TD 4.6:77 do do 95 IFR altitudes ----------- ----- -- - ---- - --- --- ----- - ---------- TD 4.6 :95 Feb. 13, 1975 Change 1 -------- -- - ------ - - -- -- -- - -- - -------------------- TD 4.6 :95/Ch 1 97 Standard instrument approach proce-d ures -------------------- TD 4. 6:97 January 1975 March 1974 99 Security control of air traffic -------------------------------- TD 4.6 :99 101 Moored balloons, kites, unmann ed rockets. and unmanned do free balloons ------- - -- - ------- ------ - ------ ------------ TD 4.6 :101 Aug. 20, 1974 Change 1 --------- ------- -- - -------- - --------------------- TD 4.6 :1 01 /Ch 1 Mar ch 1974 107 Airport security ----------- -- ------------ --------- ------- -- - TD 4.6 :107 April 1974 129 Operations of foreign air carriers -------- - -~---------------- - TD 4.6 :129 Oct. 9, 1975 Change 1 --------------- -- ------ ------ -- --- - -- ------------ TD 4.6 :129/ Ch 1 NoYember 1974 137 Agricultural aircraft operations - - --------------------------- TD 4.6 :137 September 1974 143 Ground instructors ---- - ------------------------------------ TD 4.6:143 January 1974 145 Repair stations --------------------------------------------- TD 4.6:145 147 A 1·iatiou maintenance technician schools ------- - ------------- TD 4.6:147 S<>ptembt>r 1974 January 1974 149 Parachute lofts -- ----- - -- - - -- -- - ------ - - -- - ----------------- TD 4.6:149 December 1974 151 Federal aid to airports -- - ------ - --------------------------- TD 4. 6: 151 153 Acquisition of U.S. land for public airports --- - --------------- TD 4.6:153 do 154 Acquisition of U.S. land for public airports under the Airports do and Airway A ct of 1970 -- ---- - - --- - -- -- - --- - -------------- TD 4.6 :154 155 Release of Airport property from s urplu s property disposal _____ TD 4.6 :1 55 do 157 ~otice of construction, alt eration, activation, and deact i vation January1975 of airports ------------------------------ -- --------------- TD 4.6 :157 December 1974 159 Xational Capital airports -- --- ------ - - - - -- - ---------- ------- TD 4.6:159 169 Expenditure of Federal funds for nonmilitary airports or air January 1975 naYigational facilities tht>reon - - --------- ------------- ----- TD 4.6 :169

do

171 Non-Federal naYigation facilities - -- - --- - - - --- - --- - ----------- TD 4. 6:171 Aug. 19, 1975 Change 1 -------------- ---- - - - - - - - - - ---- - ---------------- - TD 4.6 :171 /C h 1 llay 1974 183 R~presentatives of the Administrator ------------------------- TD 4.6 :183 185 T estimo ny by employ~s and production of records in legal proce-edings and servicE.' of legal proce-ss and pleadings ------- TD 4. 6 :185 do 187 FE'E's ---------------- -· -- -- -- --- - -------- --- ----------------- TD 4. 6:18 7 do 189 Use of Federal AYiation Administrati on communication system _ TD 4.6:189 do Dopartcnonl of fro111portallon - Federal Avlotlon Admlnlllrallon

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration FAA Regional Offices, Flight Standards District Offices,

Air Carrier District Offices, General Aviation District Offices, and

International Field Offices

REGIONAL OFFICES

EASTERN REGION CENTRAL REGION GREAT LAKES REGION

Federal Building 601 East 12th Street 2300 E. Devon Avenue John F. Kennedy International Kansas City, Missouri 64106 Des Plaines, Illinois 60018 Airport Tel. 816-374--5626 Tel. 31~94---4t!OO ;ramalca, New York 11430 Area : Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Ne Ares : nunois, Indiana, Minnesota, Tel. 212-995--3333 braska Michigan, Ohio, Wlseonsln Area: Delaware, District of Colum bia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, VIrginia,

NORTHWEST REGION

ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION

West VIrginia FAA. Building, King Couni;y 10455 E. 25th Avenue International Airport Aurora, Colorado 80010 Seattle, Washington 98108

NEW ENGLAND REGION

Tel. 303-297-3646 Tel. 206-767-2780 12 New England Executive Park Area : Colorado, Montana, North Burlington, Massachusetts 01803 Area: Idaho, Oregon, Washington Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Tel. 817-273-7244 Wyoming Area: Connecticut, Maine, Massa

SOUTHWEST REGION

chusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode 4400 Blue Mound Rd.

Island, Vermont

WESTERN REGION

P.O. Box 1689 15000 Aviation Blvd.

Fort Worth, Texas 76101

SOUTHERN REGION

Hawthorne, California 90261 Tel. 817~24-4911 3400 Whipple St.

Tel. 213-53~207 East Point, Georgia 30344 Area: Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mail : P.O . Box 92007 Worldway Tel. 404--526-7240 Mexiro, Oklahoma, Texas Postal Center Mail : P .O. Box 20636 Los Angeles, Calif. 90009 Atlanta, Georgia 30344 Area : Arizona , Calif o rnia, Nevada

EUROPE, AFRICA, & MIDDLE

Ares : Alabama, Florida, Georgia,

EAST REGION

Kentucky, Mississippi, North Caro FAA, 1 Place Madou, lina, South Carolina, Tennessee 1000 Brussel s , Belgium

PACIFIC-ASIA REGION

Tel. 13.38.30 , Ell:t. 300 or 301

ALASKAN REGION

1833 Kalakaua A~enue Hill Bullding---632 Sixth Avenue U.S. Mailing Address: P .O. Box 4009 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 American Embassy-FAA Honolulu , Hawaii 96813 Tel. 907-272-5561 APO New York 09667 Tel. 808-955-0401

FLIGHT STANDARDS DISTRICT OFFICES CFSDOt

(Combined Air Carrier and General Aviation District Offices) ALASKA-Fairbanks 99701 : 3788 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-Washing NEW YORK-Roche s ter 14624 : Ro University Ave.; Tel . 907--452 ton 20001: West Bldg. , Room chester-Monroe County Arpt.; 1276 152, Washington National Arpt . ; Tel . 716-235--3438 Tel . 20~28-1555 .Tunea.u 99801 : Terminal Bldg ., .Tunea.u Mnnfclpal A.rpt.; Tel. 907' 586-3700/3755 OHIO--Cleveland 441315 : 21046 Brook park Road, Tel. 216--267-3700 HAW An-Honolulu 96819: P.O. Box ARIZONA-Phoeni:x: 15041 N. A.rpt.

9728 , Air Service Corporation Dr.; Scottsdale, Ariz. 85260; Tel.

Bldg., 218 Lagoon Drive; Tel .

PUERTO RICG--San Juan: Loiza Ex 602-261--4763 808-847-0615 pressway; RFD No. 1 P.O. Box 29A, Loiza Station, Santnrce CALIFORNIA-Long Beach 90806 : 00914;, Tel. 809-791-0374/5 Long Beach A.rpt., 2815 E. Spring St. ; Tel. 213--426-7134 MICHIGAN-Detroit: Wlllow Run Oakland 94614: Oakland lnt 'l A.rpt.

Arpt ., Ypsilanti , Mich . 48197; TENNESSEE - Nashville 37217 : 322 P.O. Bolt 2397 Airport Station; Tel. 313-485-2550 Knapp Bl-rd., Nashville Metro .

·Tel. 415-569-S879 Arpt.; Tel . 615-749--$61 San Diego 92123: 3750 .Tohn J.

Montgomery Drive; Tel. 714-293 MISSOURI-St. Loui s : 9275 Genaire WASHINGTON-Seattle 98108: King Drive, Berkeley , Mo. 63134; Tel. County Int 'l A.rpt., FAA. Bldg.; Van Nuys 91406: 7120 Havenhurst Tel. 206-767-2747/2570 Ave.; Tel. 213-785--8624 314-425-7100 AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICES lACDO) NORTH CAROLINA - Winston-Salem ALASKA-Anchorag e 99502: Amick ILLINOIS - Chicago : 2300 E . Devon Bldg., 4510 Inti Arpt Rd.; Tel. Avenue, Des Plaines, Ill. 60018; 27105: 2nd Floor Terminal Bldg ., 907-279-4919 Tel. 312-694-4500 Smith Re y nolds .A.rpt.; Tel. 919 723-'9211 X 366/7 CALIFORNIA-Los Angeles 90045 : MASSACHUSETI'S - Boston : Logan 5885 W. Imperial Highway; Tel. OKLA.IIOHA-Tnlsa 74115 : Rm. 208, Intl. Arpt.; Gen . Aviation Admin.

21~6-6590 Tulsa International Airport, Tel .

Bldg., East Boston, Mass . 02128; 918-835--2378 San FranciscO : 831 Mitten Rd ., :ret 617-223-6354 Room 105, Burlingame, Calif.

PENNSYLVANIA- Pittsburgh 15231: 94010; TeL 4UHl92-2441 x462 Soutbwlng Term. Bldg., Greater MINNESOTA-Minneapolis: Rm. 202, Pittsburgh Arpt.; Tel. 412-644 COLORADO - Denver : 2525 Geneva 6201 34th Ave., South Mlnne · 5406/7/8 Street, Aurora, Colo. 80010; Tel.

apolis, Minn. 55450; Tel. 612 303-837-4101/2 725-33 61 TENNESSEE-Nashville 37217: Bl~ .

#3 o! Bilton Arpt. Inn , 100 DELAWARE - Wilml.ngton: Greater J'etway Drive, Naabville Metro · Wilmington Airport, Atlantic MISSOURI-KanSIUJ City 64153 : Kan politan Airport, Tel . 615-749 Aviation Olllce Bldg ., Ne w Castle, sas City · Inti. Arpt. , 525 Mexico DeL 19720; Tel. 302-571--8357 .

Cit;y Ave.; Tel. 816-243-3800 TEXAS - Dallas 75235 : 3323 Grove FLORIDA - Miami 33159 : P.O. Box Stl'eet; Tel . 204-357-8297 59015, FA.A/Nat'l Weather Serv NEW JERSEY - Newark 07114: Rm.

ice Bldg. 3050, Miami Int'l Arpt.; lt'ort Worth 76125 ; Rm. 213, Ter 220 Airmail & E:q,ress Terminal, Tel. 305-526-2605 minal Bldg., Greater Southwest Newark Arpt.; Tel . 201-645-2560 Inti . .Arpt., Box 2506; Tel . 817 GEORGIA-Atlanta 30327 : Rm. 116, 283-4401 Suite D, 1668 WilllDgham Dr ., NEW YORK-J"amaica 11430 : PONY Houston 77017: Rm. 224, 8800 Paui WilllDghaJii Sq ., College Park, Ga.; Bldg. #141, J'obn F . Kennedy B. Koonce Drive ; Tel . 713-645 TeL 404-526-7265 Inti . Arpt.; Tel . 212-995-3709 GENERAL AVIATION DISTRICT OFFICES {GADO) KANSAS-Kansas City 66115 : Room FLORIDA--.Jacksonville 32211 : FAA ALABAMA - Blrm.l.ngbam 35206 : 100, Admin. Bldg ., Fairfax A.rpt .; IDdg., Craig A.rpt., P .O. Box 8665 Munl. A.rpt. 6500 43rd Ave., Tel. 913-281-3491/2 TeL 904-641-7311 North; Tel ~92-6371 Mlamt : Bldg . 121, Opa Locka Arpt., Wichita 67209 : Flight Standards Bldg., Municipal Airport; Te l. 316 P .O. Box 365, Opa Lod<a, Fla.

943-3244 .

ALASKA-Anchorage 99501 : 1511S E. 33054; Tel. 30::Hl81-7431 13th Ave.; Tel 907-272-1234 & 279-5213 GEORGIA - Atlanta 30336: FAA Bldg., Rm. 200; Fulton Co. A.rpt.; KENTUCKY - Louisville 40205 : 3999 Gordon Rd., S.W.; Tel . 404 2nd Fl., Central Am. Hanrar ARKANSAS-Little Rock 72202 : Room 691-2323 Bowman Fld .; Tel. 502-582-6116/ 201 , FAA & Weather Service 7/8 Bldg., Adams Fld .; Tel. 501-372 IDAHO - Bobe 83705 : 3113 A.rpt.

3437/8 Way; Tel. 208-342-2711 X 238 LOUISIANA-Lafayette 70501: Lafay .

ette A.rpt.; Tel. 318-234--2321 ILLINOIS - Chicago : DoPage Co.

CALIFOBNIA-F.resno 93727 : Fresno A.rpt., P.O. Box B: ; West Chicago, New Orleans 70126: Bm. 227 , Air Terminal, 2401 North Ashley; 60185; Tel. 312 584-4490/1/2 New Orleans Lakefront .Arpt. Tel .

Tel. 209-487-11306 504-241-2506 Spri ngfield 67205 : Capital Airport, Los Angelea : Suite 3, Mnni. Arpt., New Terminal; Tel. 217-525 Shreveport 71107 : Rm. 202, Ter 3200 Airport Ave., Santa Monica, 4238 min al Bldg., Downtown Arpt .; Callf. 90405 ; Tel. 213-391-6701 Tel. 318-222-8370/79 Ontario 91761 : Ontario Inti . Arpt.; Tel . 714--984--2411 INDIA.NA-IndianapoUs 46241 : FAA Sacramento 95822 : Executive Arpt.; Bldg. #1 , Muni c ipal Airport, P . O.

Tel. 916-449-3169 Box 41525; Tel. 317-247-2491 MAINE - Portland 04102 : General San Jose 95110 : 1387 Aipt. Blvd.; South Bend 46628: 1843 Commerce Aviation Terminal, Portland Intl .

Tel. 408-27;)-7681 Drive; Tel. 219-232-5843 Jetport; Tel. 207-774-4484 MARYLAND Baltimore 21240 : COLORADO - Deuver: FAA Bldg., IOWA-Des Moines 50321: 3021 Army Baltimore-Washington Int 'l A.rpt.; Jefferson Co . Arpt., Broom1ield, Post Rd.; Tel.

Tel . 301-761-2610 Colo. 80020; Tel. 303--466-7326 515-284--409 4 MASSACHUSETTS - Norwood 02062 : NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte TENNESSEE- Memphis 38130: 2488 Munl. Arpt.; Tel. 617-762-2436/ 28208: FAA Bldg., Muni. Arpt.; Winche!lter, P.O. Box 30050; Tel.

Tel. 704-392-3214/5 2675 901-398-2353 Westfield 01085 : 1st Floor Terminal Raleigh 27611 : Rm. 324, Terlllinal Bldg., Raleigh-Durham Arpt., P.O.

Bldg., Barnes Munl. Arpt.; P.O.

TEXAS--Corpus Christi 78410 : Bled· Box 26807; Tel. 919-755-4240 Box 544; Tel. 413-568-3121 soe Hangar No. 3, Inti. Arpt.; Tel. 512-884-9331/2 NORTH DAKOTA - Fargo 58102 : MICHIGAN - Gl'8lld Rapids 49508: Dallas 75232 : Redbird Arpt.; Tel.

Rm. 216, Admin. Bldg., Hector Kent Co. Arpt., 5500 44th St., 214-339-7164 Fld., P.O. Box 5496; Tel. 701 SE.; Tel. 61H56-2427 232-8949 El Paso 79925 : Rm. 202, F A.A.

Aviation Bldg., 6795 Convair Rd.; OHIO - Cincinnati 45226: Lunken Tel. 915-778-6389 55450; MINNESOTA - Minneapolis Arpt. Executive Bldg.; 4242 Air Wold-Chamberlain Arpt., Room Fort Worth 76106: Rm. 201, Admin.

port Rd.; Tel. 513-684-2183 Bldg., Meacham Fld.; Tel. 817 201, 6201 34th Avenue South; Columbus 43219: 424 Lane A via · 624-1184/5 Tel. 612-725-3341 tion Bldg., Port Columbus Arpt., Houston 77017: 8800 Paul Koonce Tel. 614-469-7476/7 Dr., Tel. 713-643-6504 MISSISSIPPI-Jackson 39208: FAA OKLAHOMA - Oklahoma City: FAA Lubbock 79401 : P.O. Box 194Z Bldg., Municipal Arpt., Allen C.

Bldg., Wiley Post Arpt., BethanY, Executive Air Terminal, Rt. #3; Thompson Fld., P.O. Box 6273, Okla. 73008; Tel. 405-789-5220/ Tel. 806-762-o335 Pearl Branch; Tel. 601~39-5231 1/2 Midland 79701 : Midland Regional Tulsa 74115: General Aviation Ter Air Terminal; Tel. 915-563-0802 minal, Rm. 110, Tnisa Inti. Arpt.; MONTANA - B!llings 59101 : Rm.

San Antonio 78216: 1115 Paul Willl: Tel. 918-835-7619 216 Admin. Bldg., Billings-Logan ins Rd., Room 201; Tel. 512-824 Int'l Arpt.; Tel. 406-245-6170/9 9535/6/7 OREGON - Eugene 97402 : Mahlon Helena 59601: Rm. 3, FAA Bldg., Sweet Arpt., Rt. 1, Box 717; Tel.

Helena Arpt.; Tel. 406-442-4230 503-688-9721 UTAH-Salt Lake City 84116 : 116 North 2400 West, Room 103; Hillsboro 97123: 3355 N. E. Cornell TeL 801-524-4247 Road; Portland-Hillsboro Arpt.; NEBRASKA - Lincoln 68524 : Gen.

TeL 503-221-2104 A v!ation Bldg., Lincoln Muni.

VmGINlA - Richmond : Byrd Fld., PENNSYLVANIA- Allentown 18103: Arpt.; TeL 402-471-548 5 Allentown - Bethlehem· Easton Sandston, Va . 23150; Tel 804 222-7494 Arpt.; Tel. 215 264-2888 NEVADA--Las Vegas 89119: 5700 C Ba~ri s burg : Rm . 201, Admin. Bldg., South Haven; TeL 702-736-0666 Capital City Airport, New Cum W ASRINGTON--Spokane 99206 : 5629 berland, Pa. 17070; Tel. 717-782 E . Rutter Avenue; Tel. 509-456 Reno S9502: 2601 East Plumb Lane; 4528 4618 Tel. 702-784-5321 Philadelphia 19114: North Phlla· delphia Arpt.; Tel. 215-673-0250/ 1/2 NEW JERSEY - Teterboro 07608 : WEST VffiGINlA - Charleston 25311 : 150 Riser Road; Tel. 201-288 Pittsburgh: Room 213, Allegheny Kanawha Co . Arpt.; Tel. 304 343 Co. Arpt. , West M1111in, Pa.

1745/1874 4689 15122; Tel. 412-461-5507 NEW MEXICO - Albuquerque 87119 : SOUTH CAROLINA - Columbia : WISCONSIN - Milwaukee 53207 : International Arrivals Bldg., P.O.

Metropolitan Arpt., Box 200, West General Mitt!hell Fld.; Tel. 414 Box 9045; Tel. 505-247-Ql56/7 Columbia, S.C. 29169; Tel. 803 747-5531 79~042 NEW YORK - Albany 12211 : Albany Co . Arpt.; Tel . 518 869-S482 SOUTH DAKOTA - Rapid City 57701 : WYOMING - Casper 82601 : 1187 Regional Arpt., R.R. 2, Box 633B Farmingdale 11735 : Bldg 53, Re Fuller St. , Casper Air Terminal; Tel. 605-343-2403 public Airport; Tel. 516 691-3100 Tel . 307 234-8959 INTERNATIONAL FIELD OFFICES UFO) ALASKA-Anchorage 99502 : 4800 In NEW YORK-Valley Stream 11581 : ternational Airport Rd.; Tel . 907- 181 South Franklin Ave.; Tel .

274-4123 212-995-8529 * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1 99 2· 621·990160028