PART 21 CHANGES
PART 21 CHANGES
PART 21 CHANGES
FTS Database Update Federal Aviation Administration May. 2007
CFR 14 Part 21.35 Current
CFR 14 Part 21.35 Current
• Para (d) only requires parachutes and emergency • Para (d) only requires parachutes and emergency egress provisions for certification flight tests egress provisions for certification flight tests • Para (e) excludes gliders and manned free balloons • Para (e) excludes gliders and manned free balloons in pilot decision to discontinue flight test due to in pilot decision to discontinue flight test due to hazards hazards • These rules are severely outdated • These rules are severely outdated FTS Database Update Federal Aviation Administration May. 2007
CFR 14 Part 21.35 Proposed Changes
CFR 14 Part 21.35 Proposed Changes
• • Para (d) will require a Para (d) will require a Risk Assessment Risk Assessment (may (may include parachutes and/or emergency egress) include parachutes and/or emergency egress) • Broader in scope and in line with industry standard • Broader in scope and in line with industry standard • Para (e) will include gliders and manned free • Para (e) will include gliders and manned free balloons in pilot decision to discontinue flight test balloons in pilot decision to discontinue flight test due to hazards due to hazards • Unknown why these were excluded • Unknown why these were excluded • Immediately Adopted Rule (IAR) expected in 2007 • Immediately Adopted Rule (IAR) expected in 2007 FTS Database Update Federal Aviation Administration May. 2007
CONCEPT
Regulation Regulation Guidance Guidance Part 21.35 Part 21.35 4040.26A 4040.26A Tools Tools Database Database FTS Database Update Federal Aviation Administration May. 2007
Database
Database
• FAA needs a database to complete the process • FAA needs a database to complete the process • We joined forces with NASA ’ s lessons Learned • We joined forces with NASA ’ s lessons Learned Handbook process Handbook process • We established an MOU with NASA • We established an MOU with NASA • NASA contracted with NTPS for populating the data • NASA contracted with NTPS for populating the data • • We provided funding for initial data development for We provided funding for initial data development for civil certification CFR Parts 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 civil certification CFR Parts 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 • Part 25 THA ’ s “ complete ” • Part 23/27/29/31 under construction FTS Database Update Federal Aviation Administration May. 2007
An Online Resource for
Flight Test Safety Planning
Greg Lewis National Test Pilot School T e s t H a z a r d A n a l y s i s W o r k s h e e t T e s t T i t l e : H a z a r d S u b j e c t i v e P r o b a b i l i t y o f O c c u r r e n c e S t a l l C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s C a t e g o r y h i g h p r o b a b l e u n c e r t a i n r e m o t e i m p r o b a b l e c a t a s t r o p h i c A i r c r a f t / S y s t e m : c r i t i c a l N T P S D e m o S o r t i e m a r g i n a l n e g l i g i b l e
Hazard
H a z a r d : A i r c r a f t d e p a r t s c o n t r o l l e d f l i g h t a n d i m p a c t s g r o u n d .
C a u s e : L o s s o f c o n t r o l .
Cause
E f f e c t : L o s s o f a i r c r a f t a n d c r e w .
M i n i m i z i n g P r o c e d u r e s : 1 . M i n i m u m e n t r y a l t i t u d e - 2 0 0 0 f t . A G L ( B - 3 5 4 0 0 0 f t A G L , t u r p o p r o p / j e t 5 0 0 0 f t A G L )
Effect
2 . N o a g g r a v a t e d i n p u t s t a l l s . A l l s t a l l s a c c o m p l i s h e d “ b a l l - c e n t e r e d ” 3 . N o a s y m m e t r i c p o w e r s t a l l s i n m u l t i e n g i n e a i r c r a f t .
4 . B u i l d u p a p p r o a c h : i . f o r w a r d c g b e f o r e a f t i i . p o w e r o f f b e f o r e p o w e r o n i i i . w i n g s l e v e l b e f o r e t u r n i n g Minimizing i v . 1 k t / s e c b e f o r e a c c e l e r a t e d v . t e r m i n a t e b u i l d u p i f F A R b a n k a n g l e l i m i t s a r e e x c e e d e d Procedures 5 . D o n o t a d d p o w e r d u r i n g r e c o v e r y u n t i l a b o v e 1 . 2 V s 6 . D e p a r t u r e / s p i n r e c o v e r y d i s c u s s e d i n p r e f l i g h t b r i e f i n g .
E m e r g e n c y P r o c e d u r e s : 1 . I f a i r c r a f t d e p a r t s c o n t r o l l e d f l i g h t , i m m e d i a t e l y r e t a r d p o w e r t o i d l e a n d c e n t r a l i z e c o n t r o l s .
EP ’ s
2 . I f a i r c r a f t e n t e r s s p i n , a c c o m p l i s h s p i n r e c o v e r y p r o c e d u r e .
Residual
R i s k L e v e l ( a f t e r m i n i m i z i n g p r o c e d u r e s t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t ) : H i g h M e d i u m L o w X .
NTPS
Risk
Data Gathering
• NTPS THA ’ s – Demonstration of classic Flight Test Techniques – Conservative limits • Added inputs from the FAA – Aircraft Certification Offices in New York and Atlanta • Next collected data from manufacturer ’ s – Boeing Long Beach, Gulfstream, Lockheed, Bombardier, Cessna, Raytheon, Boeing Seattle, Schweizer, Tiger, Boeing Rotary Systems, New Piper and Sikorsky – data still coming in • All existing safety planning info, freely shared
NTPS
NTPS Role
• After gathering data – We put the data into a common format – Not asking industry to change their process • just share what they have
Hazard
Cause
Test
Mitigation
Details
NTPS
NTPS Role (cont ’ d)
• Too many ways of saying nearly the same thing • “ Mature ” the data – To make the database useful to a user, there must be some integration of inputs – Mitigations consolidated by • Hazard (e.g. Loss of Control) and by • Maneuver (e.g. Stalls) – Mine the data to: • Extract the unique safety suggestions in each area • Remove duplication • Make the database easier to use
NTPS
Part 25 Stall Hazards
Example Maturation
Part 25 Stall Hazards
Many Varied Inputs
• Six different organizations submitted inputs for stalls • Total of 66 different THA ’ s – Many redundant / nearly the same “ There is a risk of stall/departure • Used 19 different Hazard Titles from controlled flight when • Used 14 different Maneuver Names increasing angle-of-attack at low • A plethora of verbose Hazards identified airspeeds. ” • Hundreds of mitigations – Again many were redundant
NTPS
Matured Stall Hazards
• In the end, six stall hazards were identified 1. Loss of control 2. Loss of operating engine(s ) 3. Stall/spin chute fails to deploy 4. Stall/spin chute fails to jettison when commanded 5. Recovery chute uncommanded deployment 6. Departing runway surface (During ground test of stall spin chute)
NTPS
Loss of Control Mitigations
• “ Loss of Control ” mitigations matured into just twelve • The matured mitigations include: 1. Do stall testing in a buildup approach : a. from least risk to highest risk i. forward cg, mid cg, aft cg ii. Power off before power on iii. Wings level before turning iv. 1 kt /sec before 3 kt /sec b. terminate buildup if FAR limits on bank angle are exceeded at any point of the buildup
NTPS
Mitigations (continued)
2. Establish minimum altitudes for: a. entry, b. recovery initiation, c. recovery chute deployment and d. manual bailout.
3. Perform pre-flight checks of stall warning and stick pusher, as applicable.
4. Anti-spin chute must be installed, functional and armed. Perform pre-flight and pre-maneuver checks of chute as applicable.
5. Minimum crew onboard.
6. Emergency Egress system must be installed and armed. Perform pre-flight and pre-maneuver checks of egress system as applicable.
NTPS
Mitigations (continued)
7. Crew to wear helmets and parachutes .
8. Surface winds must be less than xx kts (parachute dependent).
9. No aggravated input stalls . All stalls will be ball centered.
10. No asymmetric power stalls.
11. If departing controlled flight retard throttles to idle and centralize controls .
12. Do not add power during recovery until airspeed is increasing above 1.2 Vs.
NTPS
Information Aviation Links Look for “ Test Hazard Database ”
NTPS
FAA Access
NTPS
FAA Access
NTPS
FAA Access
NTPS
NASA PBMA Website Link
http:// pbma.nasa.gov/ftsdb/home.aspx
NTPS
http:// pbma.nasa.gov/ftsdb /
NTPS
NTPS
NTPS
FAR Reference Search
NTPS
Record Field Search
NTPS
NTPS
Keyword Search
NTPS
Results of FAR Reference Search
NTPS
Test
Details
Hazards
Causes
Mitigations
NTPS
NTPS
In Conclusion
• The matured THA database IS a wide array of test safety ideas and suggestions – But it is NOT an FAA-mandated solution – It is NOT a government-approved solution – And it is NOT an auto-safety planning device • The matured hazards, causes and mitigations are necessarily generic • Your test will have unique problems and will require unique solutions • The THA database can be an excellent starting point
NTPS
In Conclusion
• Military/Research Lead Date/Ti Test Database Status me Area – Data under development rd Kurt 3 Fixed Wing at monthly Webex/ telecon Blankenshi Wednesday Icing meetings p (Glen at 0900 Research PST Center) st Kim Hanks 1 Rotary (Army Test Thursday Wing Icing & Training at 0900 Center) PST th Brian 4 Propulsion Markowich Thursday (NAVAIR at 0900 Pax River) PST • Contact Joe Orwat FTS Database Update Federal Aviation (x3866) or Bart Administration May. 2007 Henwood (x5746) At NASA Dryden (661)
In Conclusion
In Conclusion
ν Military/Research Database Status ν Military/Research Database Status ν ν Data under development at monthly Webex/ telecon Data under development at monthly Webex/ telecon meetings meetings Lead Date/Tim Test Lead Date/Tim Test e Area e Area rd rd Kurt Blankenship (Glen 3 Wednesday Fixed Wing Kurt Blankenship (Glen 3 Wednesday Fixed Wing Research Center) Research Center) at 0900 PST at 0900 PST Icing Icing st st Kim Hanks (Army Test & 1 Thursday at Rotary Kim Hanks (Army Test & 1 Thursday at Rotary Training Center) 0900 PST Wing Icing Training Center) 0900 PST Wing Icing th th Brian Markowich (NAVAIR Pax 4 Thursday at Propulsion Brian Markowich (NAVAIR Pax 4 Thursday at Propulsion River) 0900 PST River) 0900 PST
Next Year ’ s activity
Next Year ’ s activity
ν ν Initiate DDC for research/military flight test Initiate DDC for research/military flight test ν ν High AoA High AoA ν Continue portal development activity ν Continue portal development activity ν Input/Data Submission Module ν Input/Data Submission Module ν ν Create reference information Create reference information ν ν Airworthiness and flight safety review process Airworthiness and flight safety review process ν ν Hazard management process Hazard management process
Come Join Us!
Come Join Us!
Lead Manager: Barton Henwood
Lead Manager: Barton Henwood
Aviation Safety Manager Aviation Safety Manager NASA Dryden Flight Research Center NASA Dryden Flight Research Center barton.e.henwood@nasa.gov barton.e.henwood@nasa.gov (661) 276-5746 (661) 276-5746
Deputy Manager: Joe Orwat
Deputy Manager: Joe Orwat
Lead System Safety Engineer Lead System Safety Engineer AS&M (NASA Contractor) AS&M (NASA Contractor) joe.orwat@nasa.gov joe.orwat@nasa.gov (661) 276-5746 (661) 276-5746
Come Join Us!
Come Join Us!
FAA Lead: Rod Huete
FAA Lead: Rod Huete
Flight Test Pilot Flight Test Pilot New York Aircraft Certification Office New York Aircraft Certification Office r odrigo.j.huete@faa.gov r odrigo.j.huete@faa.gov (516) 228-7318 (516) 228-7318
FAA Deputy: John Hed
FAA Deputy: John Hed
Flight Test Engineer Flight Test Engineer Seattle Aircraft Certification Office Seattle Aircraft Certification Office j ohn.hed@faa.gov j ohn.hed@faa.gov (425) 917-6518 (425) 917-6518