NASA's Aviary Takes Flight: A Public Software for Aircraft Design

National Aeronautics and Space Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA's Aviary Takes Flight:

A Public Software for Aircraft Design

Eliot Aretskin-Hariton, Aviary Developer, NASA Glenn Jason Kirk, Aviary Lead Developer, NASA Langley www.nasa.gov www.nasa.gov Aviary activities have been co-funded by the T , AATT, and EPFD projects

• NASA Aeronautics Goals • Aviary meets these needs • How Aviary works • The structure of Aviary • The user’s interaction with Aviary • How Aviary has been used at NASA • Partnership • Future work • How YOU can get involved

“NASA's Aeronautics programs focus on research, development, and testing of aviation technology advancements that will benefit humankind and retain U.S.

leadership in a vital manufacturing and transportation sector.” - Robert Pearce, NASA Associate Administrator X-1 HWB GL-10 9pax DEP X-15 X-66A EPFD X-59

Where does Aviary fit in?

Revolutionary Inspires innovation • Enables coupling of disciplines and • Open source, free model and trajectories previously unrealizable result sharing • Consolidation and modernization of • Documentation/ Examples/ multiple closed-source legacy Video Tutorials aircraft design tools • Introduces Students to complex • Allows specialists to specialize - system modelling “Bring Your Own Subsystem, we • Connect new libraries (UQPCE) have an example aircraft” • Bridges Academia and Industry • Optimize complex aircraft designs for high-level objectives • Pathway to High-fidelity

Design Design Optimizer Design Config Constraints Constraints Results Total Constraints & Objectives Lifetime $

Legend Aviary Core Subsystem User Defined Subsystem

Design Design Optimizer Design TACS Config Constraints mass GASP aero Height- Energy EOM Constraints Results

Total

Constraints & Objectives

Lifetime $

Aviary’s user interface is designed as a series of “layers” that build on each

other

• Each additional layer becomes more complex and provides more

capability & flexibility

• Accommodates users of all experience levels

Little to no coding required; provide input file and execute (input file)

Level 1

Swap subsystems or make small changes to (Python script with

Level 2

analysis setup helper functions) Custom Python scripts to set up and optimize designs; (fully scripted,

Level 3

introduce complex components or subsystems custom analysis)

• Used to generate input files • Allows for visualization of the mission profile • Validation to ensure that the trajectory is physically valid • Processing of the points to reduce the risk of numerical problems

Included Models • Commercial Single-Aisle, 180pax, conventional • Single-Aisle, 96 pax, conventional • N3CC: single-aisle, 165 Pax, 2035 technology • Turboprop freighter: 31k lb payload, turboprop, all- electric variant in progress • Blended Wing Body (BWB), in progress • Community Models*

Understanding Your Results

Collaboration with AATT Model-Based Systems Analysis & Engineering (MBSAE) Project

Advanced

N3CC Concept Future Advanced Concepts

Concepts

• 2035 entry-into-service and Digital Flight Tests • gFan+ engine (HyTEC, AATT, SFD)

Near-Term

Concepts

Boeing 737 MAX 8

Conventional

• Present day technology TTBW Concept • LEAP-1B engine

Aircraft

• 2035 entry-into-service • Electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) • gFan+ engine Airbus A320 Neo • Present day technology • PW1100 GTF / LEAP-1A engine

Industry Academia

NRA Funded Research Using Aviary for courses Potential FLOPS Replacement

• Blended Wing Body Support • All-electric and hybrid-electric example aircraft • 6DOF Mission EOMs • National Airspace Simulation Digital Twin Integration • Examples Integration with Uncertainty Quantification Tools (UQPCE) • Improving ease of Aviary’s ability for Design of Experiments

• NASA Aeronautics Goals • Aviary meets these needs • How Aviary works • The structure of Aviary • The user’s interaction with Aviary • How Aviary has been used at NASA • Partnership • Future work • How YOU can get involved

SCAN HERE Email agency-aviary@mail.nasa.gov to connect with the Aviary team Aviary can also be installed through GitHub: https://github.com/OpenMDAO/Aviary Or the Python package manager: “pip install aviary”

Thank you to all our current and former members!

Past Members Current Members Current and Past Advisors • Jason Kirk (LaRC) • Ben Phillips (LaRC) • Darrell (DJ) Caldwell (LaRC) • Eliot Aretskin-Hariton (GRC) • Eric Hendricks (GRC) • Jennifer Gratz (GRC) • Ken Moore (GRC) • Justin Gray (formerly GRC) • John Jasa (GRC) • Xun Jiang (LaRC) • Rob Falck (GRC) • Carl Recine (ARC) • Herb Schilling (GRC) • Jeff Bowles (ARC) • Kenny Lyons (ARC) • Chris Bennett (LaRC) • Joseph Garcia (ARC) • Kaushik Ponnapalli (GRC) • Ben Margolis (ARC) • Nathan Perreau (LaRC) • Samara Murri (formerly LaRC) • Erik Olson (formerly LaRC) • Janet Ross (LaRC) • Dahlia Pham (ARC) • Jeff Chapman (GRC) Aviary activities have been co-funded by the T , AATT, and EPFD projects

Understand, debug, and parse results with interactive reports • High-level summary of final aircraft design • Detailed optimization reports • Detailed reports from each subsystem • Plots and figures of aircraft trajectory and time- dependent variables

• User-defined modules need to tell Aviary what to expect from your system: • The states you want to integrate across the mission • Any new variables your system needs • The constraints, parameters, and design variables • Aviary provides the `SubsystemBuilderBase` object, which you use to create your builder

• Non-proprietary TTBW Tech Collector developed by NASA to allow future vehicle technology

studies, open publication of results, and easier collaboration with parties outside of NASA.

• External subsystems used to model geometry, aerodynamics, and propulsion

• EAP technology demonstration for FY23 includes an electric climb assist

TTBW Discipline Model Fidelity

Fuel Tanks

TTBW/EAP Concept

Spars Control Cockpit Cabin Surfaces Avionics APU Forward Hydraulics Cargo Aft Nos Cargo e Main Gea Gear r

Conceptual Electrified Freighter • Hybrid-electric, based on C-130 • Outer pair of turboprops replaced with all- electric driven propellers • Legacy tools struggle to model this aircraft • Throttle split between fuel and electric propulsors must be optimized • Aviary can model this vehicle out-of-the- box • Structural weight and aerodynamic performance calibrated to publicly available data • Multiple unique engine models • Conventional turboshaft • All-electric propeller • Propeller modeling using Hamilton Standard • Simple motor and battery models included

Conventional Turboprop All-Electric Propeller • New engine model “packages” for conventional and all-electric Hamilton Hamilton Thrust propulsors with propellers Thrust Standard Standard Shaft Horsepower • Reserve mission Shaft Horsepower Motor implementation with flexible Turboshaft Model Deck definition (fuel and electric power use) Electric Power Fuel Flow Battery Model