PIONEER 200 Aircraft FLIGHT MANUAL

ensure that adequate control will exist under all conditions, including turbulence, to carry out normal flare and touchdown. NORMAL OPERATING SPEED This speed shall not normally be exceeded. Operations above the Normal Operating Speed shall be conducted with caution and only in smooth air. Va MANOEUVRING SPEED Maximum for manoeuvres involving an approach to stall conditions or full application of the primary flight controls. KCAS KNOTS CALIBRATED AIRSPEED Indicated airspeed corrected for position and instrument error and expressed in knots. KCAS is equal to KTAS in standard atmosphere at sea level KIAS KNOTS INDICATED AIRSPEED The speed shown on the airspeed indicator and expressed in knots. KTAS KNOTS TRUE AIRSPEED The airspeed expressed in knots relative to undisturbed air which is KCAS corrected for altitude and temperature. V fe MAXIMUM FLAP EXTENDED SPEED The highest speed permissible with wing flaps in the prescribed extended position. V no MAXIMUM STRUCTURAL CRUISING SPEED The speed that should not be exceeded except in smooth air, and then only with caution. V ne NEVER EXCEED SPEED The speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time. V s0 STALLING SPEED The stall speed or minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable in a specified configuration. V so STALLING SPEED LANDING CONFIGURATION The stall speed or minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable in the landing configuration at the most forward centre of gravity. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 0 REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 0 -Page: 7 of 8 By :www.aeroprogetti.net V x BEST ANGLE-OF-CLIMB SPEED The speed which results in the greatest gain of altitude in a given horizontal distance. V y BEST RATE-OF-CLIMB SPEED The speed which results in the greatest gain in altitude in a given time. METEOROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY OAT OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE The free static air temperature. It is expressed in either degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit. STANDARD TEMPERATURE Standard Temperature is 15 degrees C at sea level pressure altitude. PRESSURE ALTITUDE The altitude read from the an altimeter when the altimeter's barometric scale has been set to 1013 mb (29.92 inches of mercury). ENGINE POWER TERMINOLOGY BHP BRAKE HORSEPOWER The power developed by the engine. RPM REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE Engine speed. STATIC RPM The engine speed attained during a full-throttle engine runup when the airplane is on the ground and stationary. AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANNING TERMINOLOGY MAXIMUM CROSSWIND VELOCITY The velocity of the crosswind component for which adequate control of the airplane during takeoff and landing was actually demonstrated during the certification tests. The value shown is limiting. USEABLE FUEL The fuel available for flight planning UNUSABLE FUEL The quantity of fuel that cannot be safely used in flight LPH LITRES PER HOUR The amount of fuel ( in litres ) consumed per hour NMPL NAUTICAL MILES PER LITRE The distance ( in nautical miles ) which can be expected per litre of fuel consumed at a specific engine power setting and/or flight configuration. g The acceleration due to gravity. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 0 REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 0 -Page: 8 of 8 By :www.aeroprogetti.net WEIGHT AND BALANCE TERMINOLOGY STATION Only two load stations are specified: ie Seat Station which is the centre of the fixed seats and Fuel Station which is the centre of the fixed fuel tank. C.G. CENTRE OF GRAVITY The point at which an airplane, or equipment, would balance if suspended. C.G. LIMITS The extreme centre of gravity locations within which the airplane must be operated at a given weight. STANDARD EMPTY WEIGHT The weight of a standard airplane, including unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full engine oil. BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT The standard empty weight plus the weight of optional equipment. USEFUL LOAD - The difference between ramp weight and the basic empty weight. MTOW MAXIMUM TAKEOFF WEIGHT The maximum weight approved for the start of the takeoff run. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 1 General REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 1 -Page: 1 of 6 Section1 - General Table of Contents 1.1. AIRCRAFT THREE VIEW DRAWING 2 1.2. TECHNICAL DATA 4 1.2.1. ENGINE 4 1.2.2. PROPELLER 4 1.2.3. APPROVED FUEL TYPES AND GRADES 4 1.2.4. FUEL CAPACITY 4 1.2.5. APPROVED OIL GRADES 5 1.2.6. COOLANT 5 1.2.7. OIL CAPACITY 5 1.2.8. TYRE INFLATION PRESSURES 5 Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 1 General REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 1 -Page: 2 of 6 1.1. AIRCRAFT THREE VIEW DRAWING Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 1 General REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 1 -Page: 3 of 6 Ground Turning Radius = 6 metres. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 1 General REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 1 -Page: 4 of 6 1.2. TECHNICAL DATA 1.2.1. ENGINE Manufacturer: ROTAX GmbH Aircraft Engine Type: 912 UL Series liquid cooled 1.2.2. PROPELLER Manufacturer: TONINI Type: Fixed Pitch Wooden GT 166X142 Diameter: 166 cm Pitch: 142 cm 1.2.3. APPROVED FUEL TYPES AND GRADES -UNLEADED MOGAS (98 Octane or greater - 90 RON or greater) -100 LL or 100/130 grade aviation gasoline (only for short utilization time, with carbon level inspection) 1.2.4. FUEL CAPACITY Total: 54 Litres Useable 50 Litres Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 1 General REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 1 -Page: 5 of 6 1.2.5. APPROVED OIL GRADES Motorcycle oil of a registered brand with gear additive Specification API classification "SJ" or "SG" Exemples : Shell - Advance VSX 4 (SAE 20W-40) Castrol - Syntetic Blend (SAE 5W-50) Shell - Synthetic Blend (SAE 10W-30) For temp. Above and belove stated check Rotax engine manuals For AVGAS use chech Rotax engine manuals 1.2.6. COOLANT Antifreeze concentrate with additives against corrosion should be used with 50% water in normal condition, and down 20% water in cold environment. Capacity Max 2,3 litres Min 2,2 litres Overflow or filler tank Max 0,2 lt Min 0,1 lt 1.2.7. OIL CAPACITY Sump capacity is : 3 Litres 1.2.8. TYRE INFLATION PRESSURES Standard Mains: bar = 2.2 (psi = 32.3) Nose: bar = 2.2 (psi = 32.3) Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 1 General REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 1 -Page: 6 of 6 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 2 Limitations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 2 -Page: 1 of 8 Section 2 - Limitations Table of Contents Table of contents 1 2.1. Introduction 2 2.2. Type of operation 2 2.3. Airspeed limitations 2 2.4. Weights and loading 3 2.5. Centre of gravity limits 3 2.6. Powerplant limitations 4 2.7. Other limitations 4 2.7.1. Authorised manoeuvres and limitations 4 2.7.2. Smoking 4 2.7.3. Max. air temperature for operations 5 2.7.4. Flights with doors removed 5 2.7.5. Maximum number of occupants 5 2.7.6. Maximum crosswind velocity 5 2.8. Placards 6 Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 2 Limitations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 2 -Page: 2 of 8 2.1. INTRODUCTI0N Section 2 includes operating limitations, instrument markings and basic placards necessary for the safe operation of the airplane, its engine, standard systems and standard equipment. Observance of these operating limitations is required. The aeroplane shall be operated so that the limitations and instructions included in this section are observed. 2.2. TYPE OF OPERATION VFR by Day see also para 2.7.1. Authorised mamoeuvres and limitations. 2.3. AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS Airspeed limitations and their operational significance are shown below. SPEED Km/h REMARKS V ne Never exceed speed 240 Do not exceed this speed in any operation. V no Maximum structural cruising speed 215 Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air, and then only with caution. V a Manoeuvring speed 180 Do not make full or abrupt control movements above this speed. V fe Maximum flap extended speed Vso Stall speed 100 63 Do not exceed this speed with flaps down. Whit extended flaps Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 2 Limitations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 2 -Page: 3 of 8 Airspeed Indicator Markings and their operational significance are shown below. MARKING Km/h Range SIGNIFICANCE White Arc 65 - 100 Full-flap operating range. Lower limit is max. weight Vso in landing configuration. Upper limit is max. speed permissible with flaps extended. Green Arc 100 - 180 Normal operating range. Lower limit is Take-off Safety speed. Upper limit is max. structural cruising speed. Yellow Arc 180 - 215 Operations must be conducted with caution and only in still air. Red Line 240 Vne 2.4. WEIGHTS and LOADING Maximum takeoff weight 450 Kg Maximum landing weight 450 Kg 2.5. CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITS Forward : 600 mm aft of datum up to & including 350 Kg 685 mm aft of datum @ 450 Kg. Variation is linear between 350 & 450 kg. Aft : 768 mm aft of datum at all weights Datum : Fire-guard bulcked Leveling Means: Longitudinal Spirit Level placed lateral canopy strut Lateral Spirit Level crossing canopy Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 2 Limitations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 2 -Page: 4 of 8 2.6. POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS Instrument Yellow Arc Green Arc Red Radial Line/Arc Tachometer 1000 - 1400RPM 1400 - 5500 RPM 5800 RPM Oil Temp. 50° - 90° C (120° - 190° F) 90o - 110oC (190° - 230° F) 140° C (285° F) Oil Pressure 0,8 - 2,0 bar (12 - 29 psi) 2,0 - 5,0 bar (29 - 73 psi) 7 bar (102 psi) Cylinder Head Temperature 90° - 150° C (190° - 300° F) 150° C (300° F) Minimum Oil Temperature for Takeoff Needle must be seen to move off the stop before Takeoff Minimum Oil Pressure in Level Flight or climb 2 bar (29 psi) In Descent 0,8 bar (12 psi) Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature 150° C (300° F) Maximum RPM for all operations 5800 Full Throttle Static RPM Not Above 5500 Not Under 5300 2.7. OTHER LIMITATIONS 2.7.1. AUTHORISED MANOEUVRES AND ASSOCIATED LIMITATIONS Acrobatic maneuver, including spins, are not permitted. 2.7.2. SMOKING Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 2 Limitations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 2 -Page: 5 of 8 Prohibited. 2.7.3. MAXIMUM AIR TEMPERATURE FOR OPERATIONS 40o C for takeoff at gross weight. 2.7.4. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS Two (including Pilot). 2.8 MAXIMUM CROSSWIND VELOCITY 25 Km/h Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 2 Limitations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 2 -Page: 6 of 8 2.9. PLACARDS Cockpit Placards General WARNING r own risk ordance with the Owners Manual ROHIBITED s 90 dB (A Ear Protection Should be worn • Users of this aircraft do so at thei • This aircraft must be flown in acc • Aerobatics Including spins are P • Noise Level at Full Power exceed AIRCRAFT T Designed an ALPI AVIAT d Manufactured in Italy by ION Srl Pordenone FLIGHT MANUAL BAGGAGEMAX WEIGHT 10 Kg DO NOT LOAD AFT OF THIS POINT LOADING LIMITATIONS 1. The maximum exceed 450 kg) 2. All baggage passenger seat 3. Pilots must Section 6 of the gross weight of the aircraft is not to . must be stowed either on the , or on rear seats use the Load and Balance given in Owner’s Manual to check the trim. YPE : PIONEER 200 Cockpit Controls NOSE DOWN NEUTRAL TRIM NOSE UP FUEL ON OFF Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 2 Limitations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 2 -Page: 7 of 8 External Fuselage STATIC VENT KEEP CLEAR EARTH ON No step Tyre pressure 32.3 Psi (2.2 Bar) FUEL AVGAS 100LL (See Sect 1) or UNLEADED MOGAS 98 Octane or Higher 54 Lt capacity Earth on Post Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 2 Limitations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 2 -Page: 8 of 8 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 1 of 14 Section 3 - Emergency Procedures Table of Contents 3.1. INTRODUCTION 2 3.2. AIRSPEEDS FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION 2 3.3. OPERATIONAL CHECKLISTS 3 3.3.1. ENGINE FAILURES 3 . ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF RUN 3 . ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF 3 . ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT 3 . AIRSTART & LIMITATIONS 4 3.3.2. FIRES 5 . FIRE DURING START ON GROUND 5 . ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 6 . ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT 6 . CABIN FIRE 7 3.3.3. FORCED LANDING 7 . EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 7 . PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER 8 . DITCHING 8 . LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TYRE 10 3.3.4. ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS 10 3.3.5. MAXIMUM GLIDE 11 3.3.6. RECOVERY FROM AN INADVERTENT SPIN 11 3.4. OTHER PROCEDURES 11 3.4.1. CARBURETTOR HEAT 12 3.4.2. IGNITION MALFUNCTION 12 3.4.3. LOW OIL PRESSURE 13 Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 2 of 24 3.1. INTRODUCTION Section 3 provides checklist and other procedures for coping with emergencies that may occur. Emergencies caused by aeroplane malfunctions are rare if proper preflight inspections and maintenance are practiced. En route weather emergencies can be minimized or eliminated by careful flight planning and good judgement when unexpected weather is encountered. However, should an emergency arise, the basic guidelines outlined in this section should be considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem. 3.2. AIRSPEEDS FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION Engine Failure After Takeoff 90-100 Km/h Manoeuvring Speed ( at all weights) 180 Km/h Maximum Glide Distance, Still Air 110 Km/h 1 Precautionary Landing Approach with Engine Power 100 Km/h Landing Approach Without Engine Power: landing Flaps Up landing Flaps Down 150 Km/h 90 Km/h Note1 : A slightly higher speed may give better distance over the ground if gliding into wind; a slightly lower speed if gliding downwind. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 3 of 34 3.3. OPERATIONAL CHECKLISTS 3.3.1. ENGINE FAILURES ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF RUN 1 Throttle Idle 2 Brakes Apply 3 Ignition Switches OFF 4 Master Switch OFF ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF 1 Move the control stick FORWARD to mantain Airspeed : 90-100 Km/h 2 Fuel Shutoff Valve OFF 3 Ignition Switches OFF 4 Wing Flaps as required 5 Master Switch OFF ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT 1 Airspeed Best Glide Angle 110 Km/h (1) 2 If it is Carburetor Heat ON 3 Fuel Shutoff Valve ON 4 Fuel Pump ON 5 Ignition Switches ON Note1 : A slightly higher speed may give better distance over the ground if gliding into wind; a slightly lower speed if gliding downwind Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 4 of 44 AIRSTART & LIMITATIONS In the event that the engine is stopped during flight, it may be restarted by application of fuel & ignition, provided that the propeller is still windmilling. The following procedure addresses only airstarts by use of the Starter Motor. IMPORTANT DO NOT depress starter button while propeller is rotating. 1 Ignition Switches OFF 2 Cabin Clear 3 Increase angle of attack & reduce speed (up to & including a stall) until propeller stops rotation 4 Establish Glide 110 Km/h 5 Fuel ON 6 Fuel Pump ON 7 Master ON 8 Ignition Switches ON 9 Starter Button Depress 10 Throttle Open 11 Repeat as necessary: Ensuring propeller has stopped rotation before each restart attempt. Note : The engine cools quickly with the propeller stopped. Choke may need to be used to start if time between restart is longer. After restart not RPM max power. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 5 of 54 3.3.2. FIRE FIRE DURING START ON GROUND 1 Cranking CONTINUE to get a start that would suck the flames and accumulated fuel through the carburettor and into the engine. If engine starts, 2 Power 2500 RPM 3 Fuel OFF & allow engine to empty carburettor 4 Engine Inspect for damage If engine fails to start, 5 Cranking CONTINUE in an effort to obtain a start. If no start in 15 seconds : Shut off fuel & continue to crank for another 15 seconds. 6 Fire Extinguisher Obtain (have ground attendant sobtain if not installed). 7 Engine SECURE. A Master Switch OFF B Ignition Switch OFF C Fuel Pump Switch OFF D Fuel Shutoff Valve OFF 8 Fire Extinguish using fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or dirt. 9 Fire Damage Have authorised people inspect, repair damage or replace damaged components or wiring before conducting another flight. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 6 of 64 ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 1 Throttle CLOSED 2 Fuel Shutoff Valve OFF 3 Mag Switches OFF 4 Master Switch OFF 5 Fuel Pump Switch OFF 6 Cabin Air OFF 7 Airspeed 110 Km/h (if fire is not extinguished, increase glide speed to find an airspeed which will provide an incombustible mixture). 8 Forced Landing Execute (as described in Emergency Landing Without Engine Power). ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT 1 Master Switch OFF 2 All Other Switches OFF 3 Vents/cabin air (*) OPEN If fire appears out and electrical power is necessary for continuance of flight: 4 Master Switch ON 5 Fuses CHECK for faulty circuit, DO NOT reset or replace. 6 Radio/Electrical Switches ON one at a time, with delay after each until short circuit is localised. 7 Land as soon as possible to inspect for damage Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 7 of 74 CABIN FIRE 1 Master Switch OFF 2 Vents/Cabin Air (*) OPEN 3 Land as soon as possible to inspect for damage. (*) Have been demonstrated possibility to open canopy in flight up to 100 mm slot, manually blocked in this position. If released, the canopy will close by aerodynamic force. 3.3.3. FORCED LANDINGS AIRFIELD OR AIRSTRIP EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 1 Airspeed 100-105 Km/h (flaps UP) Approach 90 Km/h (flaps DOWN) 2 Fuel Shutoff Valve OFF 3 Fuel Pump OFF 4 Ignition Switches OFF 5 Wing Flaps as required 6 Master Switch OFF Note : IF FIRE Release canopy and seat belts just before touchdown. Cushion face at touchdown with folded coat or cushion 7 Touchdown Slightly Tail Low 8 Brakes as required Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 8 of 84 AIRFIELD OR AIRSTRIP PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER 1 Airspeed 100-105 Km/h 2 Wing Flaps 1st Stage 3 Fuel Pump ON 4 Selected Field FLY OVER Note terrain and obstructions 5 Radio and Electrical Switches ON 6 Wing Flaps FULL ( on final approach ) 7 Airspeed 90 Km/h Note : IF FIRE Release canopy and seat belts just before touchdown. Cushion face at touchdown with folded coat or cushion 8 Touchdown Slightly Tail Low 9 Ignition Switch OFF 10 Brakes as required OPEN FIELD FORCED LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 1 Airspeed 105-110 Km/h 2 Flap and gears UP 3 Fuel Shutoff Valve OFF 4 Fuel Pump OFF 5 Ignition Switches OFF 6 Master Switch OFF Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 9 of 94 Note : IF FIRE Release canopy and seat belts just before touchdown. Cushion face at touchdown with folded coat or cushion 7 Touchdown level attitude OPEN FIELD FORCED LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER 1 Airspeed 100-110 Km/h 2 Wing Flaps 1st Stage 3 Fuel Pump ON 4 Selected Field FLY OVER Note terrain and obstructions 5 Radio and Electrical Switches ON 6 Flaps UP ( on final approach ) 7 Airspeed 110 Km/h 8 If time allows put propeller in orizontal position with Ignition Switch OFF Note : IF FIRE Release canopy and seat belts just before touchdown. Cushion face at touchdown with folded coat or cushion 9 Touchdown level attitude DITCHING (FORCED WATER LANDING) 1 Radio Transmit MAYDAY on area frequency, giving location and intentions. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 10 of 104 2 Heavy Objects SECURE 3 Approach High winds, heavy seas INTO wind. Light winds, heavy swells Parallel to Swells 4 Wing Flaps UP 5 Power establish 15 m/min (50ft/min) descent at 90 Km/h 6 Canopy Just before splashdown open canopy 7 Touchdown level attitude 8 Face Cushion at touchdown with folded coat or cushion 9 Aeroplane Release seat belts. Evacuate through canopy. 10 Lifevests Inflate 3.3.4. LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TYRE 1 Wing Flaps FULL 2 Approach Normal 3 Touchdown GOOD TYRE FIRST hold aeroplane off flat tyre as long as possible with aileron control. 3.3.5. ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 11 of 114 Refit magneto-thermal fuse, if again fails continue to next airport and inspect or replace. Run, after, the engine; if the fuse again fails rectify before continuing flight. 3.3.6. MAXIMUM GLIDE - For Minimum Rate of Sink: 110 KM/H - For Maximum Distance in Still Air: 110 Km/h - To maximize distance achieved into wind, increase glide speed by approximately 1/3 of wind velocity. - Glide performance will be improved (if time permits) by stopping propeller windmilling 3.3.7. RECOVERY FROM AN INADVERTENT SPIN While inadvertent spins are unlikely, should this occur, proceed as follows: 1 Throttle IDLE 2 Ailerons NEUTRALISE 3 Rudder Opposite direction of spin and HOLD ON 4 Just AFTER rudder reaches the stop, move the control stick FORWARD far enough to break the stall. Full down elevator may be required at aft centre of gravity loadings to assure optimum recoveries. 5 HOLD these control inputs until rotation stops. Premature relaxation of control inputs may extend the recovery. 6 As rotation stops, neutralise rudder and make a smooth recovery from the resulting dive 3.4. OTHER PROCEDURES Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 12 of 124 3.4.1. CARBURETTOR HEAT (IF APPLICABLE) This system serves to prevent the formation of ice within the carburettor, where it primarily forms on the throttle plates in such a manner as to obstruct the airflow, with resultant eventual engine stoppage. Vaporisation of the fuel & expansion of air through the carburettor cause a cooling of the mixture, which can be as much as 15 degrees C below the temperature of the ambient air. This permits moisture in the air to condense and form ice. The first indications of icing are an RPM drop or a drop in manifold pressure. Progressive icing will cause obstruction of the carburettor, which manifests itself in the form of a rough running engine. During this time the smaller volume of air aspirated has richened the mixture. Ice can form more rapidly with partial throttle, due to the lower pressure in the carburettor. At full throttle, the danger is lessened somewhat. Therefore, carburettor heat is not to be used during takeoff or climb, also because it creates a small power loss. IMPORTANT During descent & approach, the carburettor heat should be used because low power settings create low pressures in the induction manifold. In case of a go-around, turn the carburettor heat OFF. Prolonged use of carburettor heat with more than 80% power applied could provoke detonation. When using Carburettor Heat, pull knob to FULL ON. DO NOT use partial Carburettor Heat. Carburetor icing can occur when on the ground, particularly when the aircraft and engine have become damp overnight. Check carburetor heat during power check as normal, prior to lining up on runway close the throttle completely, if a low tick over or engine stoppage occurs ice is present so burn it off with twenty seconds of heat and then test again prior to take off. 3.4.2. IGNITION MALFUNCTION A sudden engine roughness or misfiring is usually evidence of ignition problems. Switching from both ON to alternately switching each system OFF will identify which system is malfunctioning. Switch to the good system and proceed to the nearest airport for repairs. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 13 of 134 3.4.3. LOW OIL PRESSURE 1 A rapid drop from normal indicated pressure to indication "0” Action Observe for smell of oil Open cabin air vents Observe for signs of spilt oil on cowls, windscreen, wing surface. If strong smell of oil and oil appearing on airframe, reduce power to minimum to sustain level flight and proceed to nearest landing area. Be prepared to make an emergency landing enroute, should the engine fail. 2 Gradual reduction in oil pressure below observed normal position: Action: Observe oil temperature indications If oil temperature is higher than normal indications and all other engine functions are normal, proceed to the nearest landing area, land and check oil levels and external oil system for leaks If oil level is low, top-up to full mark on dipstick Allow engine to cool, start engine, run to full power and recheck oil pressure If oil pressure readings are normal, proceed with flight, observing both oil pressure and temperature readings. If, after the run-up check, the oil pressure remains low, have the engine checked by an authorised person. Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 3 Emergency Procedures REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 3 -Page: 14 of 144 Intentionally left blank Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 4 Normal Operations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 4 -Page: 1 of 18 Section 4 - Normal Operations Table of Contents 4.1. INTRODUCTION 2 4.2. SPEEDS FOR NORMAL OPERATION 2 4.3. CHECKLIST & PROCEDURES 3 4.3.1. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION 3 4.3.2. BEFORE STARTING ENGINE 7 4.3.3. STARTING ENGINE - COLD ENGINE. 8 4.3.4. STARTING ENGINE - HOT ENGINE. 9 4.3.5. WARM-UP and FUNCTIONAL CHECK 9 4.3.6. BEFORE TAKEOFF 9 4.3.7. TAKEOFF 11 4.3.8. ENROUTE CLIMB 12 4.3.9. CRUISE 12 4.3.10. BEFORE LANDING 12 4.3.11. LANDING 12 4.3.12. AFTER LANDING 13 4.3.13. SECURING AIRPLANE 14 4.4. OTHER PROCEDURES 14 4.4.1. FUELING 14 4.4.2. TAXIING 15 4.4.3. PROPELLOR CARE 17 4.4.4. CROSSWIND TAKEOFF 17 4.4.5. CRUISE 17 4.4.6. CROSSWIND LANDING 17 4.4.7. BAULKED LANDING 18 4.4.8. NOISE ABATEMENT 18 4.4.9. VISIBLE MOISTURE 18 4.4.10. STOPPING THE ENGINE 18 4.4.11. STARTING THE ENGINE FROM EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE 19 Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 4 Normal Operations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 4 -Page: 2 of 28 4.1. INTRODUCTION Section 4 provides checklist and other procedures for the conduct of normal operations. 4.2. SPEEDS FOR NORMAL OPERATION The following speeds are based on a maximum weight of 450 Kg and may be used for any lesser weight. Takeoff: Km/h Initial Climb Out, 1st Stage Flap 100 Short Field Takeoff, 1st Stage Flap Speed at 15 meters.. 90 When Clear obstacles retract flaps and climb at 110 Climb, Flaps Up: Km/h Normal 110 Best Rate of Climb, at low altitude 110 Note: Best Obstacle clearance gradient is with 1st Stage Flaps at 110 Km/h; but do not maintain this condition for longer than necessary as this may cause excessive engine temperatures Landing Approach: Km/h Normal Approach, Flaps Full 100 Short Field Approach, Flaps Full. 90 Baulked Landing: Km/h Apply full power; allow speed to increase to 100 Retract Flap to 1st Stage until clear of obstacles Then retract flap fully and continue to climb at or above 110 Maximum Recommended Turbulent Air Penetration Speed 180 Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity 25 Document N° : F2-1.0/R80/F/EU Pioneer 200 Flight Manual Section: 4 Normal Operations REVISION : 0 Dated: 20-04-2002 Sect : 4 -Page: 3 of 38 4.3. CHECKLIST & PROCEDURES 4.3.1. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Prior to flight, the aircraft should be inspected in accordance with the following checklists and in the sequence shown in the following diagram: