Emergency Procedures for the Beechcraft King Air C90GTx

213. to 299. RESERVED ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 3. RUNWAY DESIGN 300. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 301. RUNWAY LENGTH ................................................................................................................................................... 21 302. RUNWAY WIDTH ...................................................................................................................................................... 21 303. RUNWAY SHOULDERS............................................................................................................................................ 21 304. RUNWAY BLAST PAD.............................................................................................................................................. 21 305. RUNWAY SAFETY AREA (RSA) ............................................................................................................................. 21 306. OBSTACLE FREE ZONE (OFZ) ................................................................................................................................ 22 307. RUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREA .............................................................................................................................. 23 308. CLEARWAY STANDARDS....................................................................................................................................... 23 309. STOPWAY STANDARDS .......................................................................................................................................... 23 310. RESCUE AND FIREFIGHTING ACCESS................................................................................................................. 24 311. to 399. RESERVED ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 Chapter 4. TAXIWAY AND TAXILANE DESIGN 400. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 401. DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................. 33 402. TAXIWAY SHOULDERS........................................................................................................................................... 33 403. TAXIWAY SAFETY AREA (TSA) ............................................................................................................................ 33 404. TAXIWAY AND TAXILANE OBJECT FREE AREA (OFA) .................................................................................. 33 405. FULL-LENGTH PARALLEL TAXIWAY.................................................................................................................. 34 406. TAXIWAY INTERSECTIONS ..................................................................................................................................... . 34 iii AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 407. ENTRANCE TAXIWAYS ........................................................................................................................................... 34 408. BYPASS TAXIWAYS ................................................................................................................................................. 35 409. TAXIWAY AND RUNWAY INTERFACE ............................................................................................................... 35 410. HOLDING BAYS......................................................................................................................................................... 35 411. TURNAROUNDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 35 412. DUAL PARALLEL TAXIWAYS................................................................................................................................ 35 413. TAXIWAY BETWEEN PARALLEL RUNWAYS..................................................................................................... 36 414. EXIT TAXIWAYS ....................................................................................................................................................... 36 415. APRON TAXIWAYS AND TAXILANES.................................................................................................................. 36 416. END-AROUND TAXIWAYS ...................................................................................................................................... 36 417. to 499. RESERVED......................................................................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 5. SURFACE GRADIENT AND LINE OF SIGHT 500. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 49 501. BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................................... 49 502. SURFACE GRADIENT STANDARDS ...................................................................................................................... 49 503. LINE OF SIGHT STANDARDS.................................................................................................................................. 56 504. to 599. RESERVED......................................................................................................................................................... 56 Chapter 6. SITE REQUIREMENTS FOR NAVAID AND ATC FACILITIES 600. GENERAL.................................................................................................................................................................... 59 601. MICROWAVE LANDING SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................... 59 602. INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................... 61 603. NONDIRECTIONAL BEACON.................................................................................................................................. 63 604. VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNIRANGE .............................................................................................................. 64 605. APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS .......................................................................................................................... 64 606. OMNIDIRECTIONAL APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEMS.................................................................................... 65 607. LEAD-IN LIGHTING SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................................... 65 608. AIRPORT ROTATING BEACONS ............................................................................................................................ 65 609. AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS ............................................................................................................... 65 610. AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR ....................................................................................................................... 66 611. AIRPORT SURFACE DETECTION EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................... 66 612. RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE FACILITIES ................................................................................................................ 66 613. AUTOMATIC WEATHER OBSERVATION STATIONS (AWOS) ......................................................................... 66 614. PHYSICAL SECURITY .............................................................................................................................................. 67 615. CABLE PROTECTION................................................................................................................................................ 67 616. to 699. RESERVED......................................................................................................................................................... 67 Chapter 7. RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY BRIDGES 700. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 69 701. SITING PRECEPTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 69 702. DIMENSIONS.............................................................................................................................................................. 69 703. LOAD CONSIDERATIONS........................................................................................................................................ 69 704. DECK DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................................ 69 705. MARKING AND LIGHTING...................................................................................................................................... 69 706. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS...................................................................................................................................... 69 707. PASSENGER AND BAGGAGE TUNNELS .............................................................................................................. 70 708. to 799. RESERVED......................................................................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 8. THE EFFECTS AND TREATMENT OF JET BLAST 800. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 77 801. JET BLAST EFFECTS................................................................................................................................................. 77 802. BLAST FENCES .......................................................................................................................................................... 77 803. SHOULDERS AND BLAST PADS ............................................................................................................................ 78 iv AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 vi Appendix 8. RUNWAY DESIGN RATIONALE 1. SEPARATIONS .........................................................................................................................................139 2. OBSTACLE FREE ZONE (OFZ) ..............................................................................................................139 3. RUNWAY SAFETY AREA ......................................................................................................................139 4. RUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREA (ROFA) ..............................................................................................139 5. RUNWAY SHOULDERS AND BLAST PADS .......................................................................................140 6. CLEARWAY .............................................................................................................................................140 7. STOPWAY ................................................................................................................................................140 8. RUNWAY PROTECTION ZONE (RPZ) ..................................................................................................140 Appendix 9. TAXIWAY AND TAXILANE DESIGN RATIONALE 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................141 2. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE ......................................................................................................141 3. EXIT TAXIWAY LOCATION .................................................................................................................142 4. WINGTIP TRACE .....................................................................................................................................146 Appendix 10. TAXIWAY FILLET DESIGN 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................149 2. EXAMPLE NO. 1, JUDGMENTAL OVERSTEERING ...........................................................................150 3. EXAMPLE NO. 2, MAINTAINING COCKPIT OVER CENTERLINE ..................................................150 Appendix 11. COMPUTER PROGRAM Appendix cancelled (pp. 153-164) Appendix 12. AIRPLANE DATA 1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................165 2. EXPLANATORY INFORMATION ..........................................................................................................166 Appendix 13. AIRPLANES ARRANGED BY AIRPLANE MANUFACTURER AND AIRPORT REFERENCE CODE Section 1. Alphabetical Listing (U.S. customary units) ............................................................................................251 Section 2. Alphabetical Listing (SI units) .................................................................................................................257 Section 3. Listing Small Airplanes by Airport Reference Code (U.S. customary units) ..........................................263 Section 4. Listing Large Airplanes by Airport Reference Code (U.S. customary units) ..........................................264 Section 5. Listing Small Airplanes by Airport Reference Code (SI units) ...............................................................269 Section 6. Listing Large Airplanes by Airport Reference Code (SI units) ...............................................................270 9/30/2011 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 vii Appendix 14. DECLARED DISTANCES 1. APPLICATION ..........................................................................................................................................275 2. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................275 3. FAA APPROVAL FOR APPLYING DECLARED DISTANCES IN AIRPORT DESIGN......................275 4. RUNWAY SAFETY AREA (RSA) AND RUNWAY OBJECT FREE AREA (ROFA) LENGTHS........276 5. RUNWAY PROTECTION ZONE (RPZ) LOCATION AND SIZE .........................................................276 6. CLEARWAY LOCATION ........................................................................................................................276 7. NOTIFICATION .............................................................................................. .........................................276 Appendix 15. TRANSFER OF ELECTRONIC DATA Appendix cancelled (pp. 283-290) Appendix 16. NEW INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES 1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................291 2. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................291 3. ACTION .....................................................................................................................................................291 4. DEFINITIONS ...........................................................................................................................................291 Appendix 17. MINIMUM DISTANCES BETWEEN CERTAIN AIRPORT FEATURES AND ANY ON-AIRPORT AGRICULTURE CROPS (1 page). Appendix 18. ACRONYMS (1 page). Appendix 19. INDEX (4 pages). AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 Table Page 1-1. Increases in airport design standards associated with an upgrade in the first component (aircraft approach category) of the airport reference code ....................................................................... 7 1-2. Increases in airport design standards to provide for lower approach visibility minimums ............................................... 8 2-1. Runway separation standards for aircraft approach categories A & B ............................................................................. 14 2-2. Runway separation standards for aircraft approach categories C & D ........................................................................... 15 2-3. Taxiway and taxilane separation standards ...................................................................................................................... 16 2-4. Runway protection zone (RPZ) dimensions .................................................................................................................... 19 3-1. Runway design standards for aircraft approach category A & B visual runways and runways with not lower than 3/4-statute mile (1 200 m) approach visibility minimums ...................................................................... 25 3-2. Runway design standards for aircraft approach categories A & B runways with lower than 3/4-statute mile (1 200 m) approach visibility minimums ............................................................................ 26 3-3. Runway design standards for aircraft approach categories C & D ............................................................................... 26-1 4-1. Taxiway dimensional standards ...................................................................................................................................... 38 4-2. Taxiway fillet dimensions ................................................................................................................................................ 40 4-3. Wingtip clearance standards ............................................................................................................................................ 40 4-4. Visual screen height calculation formula (same elevation as runway) ......................................................................... 48-5 4-5. Visual screen height calculation formula (EAT below DER elevation) for Design Group III .................................... 48-6 4-6. Visual screen height calculation formula (EAT below DER elevation) for Design Group IV .................................. 48-7 4-7. Visual screen height calculation formula (EAT below DER elevation) for Design Groups V and VI ........................ 48-8 4-8. Visual screen vertical height calculation tables ........................................................................................................... 48-9 4-9. Visual screen panel wind-loading deflection allowance ............................................................................................. 48-12 4-10. CIE chromaticity coordinate limits ............................................................................................................................. 48-12 4-11. Minimum reflection levels .....................................................................................................................................…. 48-13 A2-1. Approach/Departure Requirements Table...................................................................................................................... 103 A9-1. Exit taxiway cumulative utilization percentages............................................................................................................ 142 A16-1A ILS and LPV approach requirements ............................................................................................................................. 292 A16-1B Approach procedure with vertical guidance .................................................................................................................. 293 A16-1C Nonprecision approach requirements ............................................................................................................................ 294 A16-2. Survey requirements for instrument approach procedures............................................................................................. 295 A17-1. Minimum Distances Between Certain Airport Features and Any On-Airport Agriculture Crops ................................ 296 Figure Page 2-1. Typical airport layout....................................................................................................................................................... 17 2-2. Parallel runway separation ............................................................................................................................................... 18 2-3. Runway protection zone ................................................................................................................................................. 20 3-1. Runway safety area ......................................................................................................................................................... 27 3-2. Obstacle free zone (OFZ) for visual runways and runways with not lower than 3/4 statute mile (1,200 m) Approach visibility minimums .............................................................................................. 28 3-3. Obstacle free zone (OFZ) for runways serving small airplanes exclusively with lower than 3/4-statute mile (1,200 m) approach visibility minimums ....................................................................................... 29 3-4. Obstacle free zone (OFZ) for runways serving large airplanes with lower than 3/4-statute mile (1,200 m) approach visibility minimums ....................................................................................... 30 3-5. Obstacle free zone (OFZ) for runways serving large airplanes with lower than 3/4-statute mile (1,200 m) approach visibility minimums and displaced threshold ................................................. 31 3-6. Precision object free zone ............................................................................................................................................... 32 3-7. Clearway ...................................................................................................................................................................... 32-1 3-8. Stopway ....................................................................................................................................................................… 32-2 4-1. Taxiway intersection details ............................................................................................................................................ 40 4-2. Maintaining cockpit over centerline ............................................................................................................................... 42 4-3. Problematic taxiway geometry ........................................................................................................................................ 43 4-5. Entrance taxiway.............................................................................................................................................................. 44 4-6. Bypass taxiway ............................................................................................................................................................... 44 4-7. Dual parallel taxiway entrance ........................................................................................................................................ 45 4-8. Typical holding bay configurations ................................................................................................................................ 46 viii 12/30/2011 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 18 ix 4-9. Taxiway turnaround..................................................................................................................................................... 46 4-10. Crossover taxiway ....................................................................................................................................................... 47 4-11. Right-angled exit taxiway ........................................................................................................................................... 47 4-12. Acute-angled exit taxiway ........................................................................................................................................... 48 4-15. Typical end-around taxiway layout ......................................................................................................................... 48-3 4-16. End-around taxiway visual screen width calculations .............................................................................................. 48-4 4-17. Visual screen width calculation formula .................................................................................................................. 48-5 4-18. Examples of mounting screen to vertical column ................................................................................................... 48-10 4-19. Examples of panel layout for 13-foot-high screen.................................................................................................. 48-11 4-20. Diagonal stripe orientation .................................................................................................................................... 48-12 4-21. Examples of frangibility connections .................................................................................................................... 48-14 5-1. Longitudinal grade limitations for aircraft approach categories A & B ...................................................................... 50 5-2. Transverse grade limitations for aircraft approach categories A & B ......................................................................... 51 5-3. Longitudinal grade limitations for aircraft approach categories C & D ...................................................................... 52 5-4. Transverse grade limitations for aircraft approach categories C & D ......................................................................... 53 5-5. Runway safety area grade limitations beyond 200 feet (60 m) from the runway end ................................................. 55 5-6. Runway visibility zone ................................................................................................................................................ 57 6-1. AZ antenna siting ........................................................................................................................................................ 59 6-2. Typical NAVAID placement ...................................................................................................................................... 60 6-3. AZ antenna critical area............................................................................................................................................... 61 6-4. EL antenna siting ........................................................................................................................................................ 61 6-5. EL antenna critical area .............................................................................................................................................. 61 6-6. ILS LOC siting and critical area .................................................................................................................................. 62 6-7. GS siting and critical area............................................................................................................................................ 62 6-8. Marker beacon site ...................................................................................................................................................... 63 6-9. NDB site ...................................................................................................................................................................... 63 6-10. A TVOR installation.................................................................................................................................................... 64 6-11. TVOR Clearances ........................................................................................................................................................ 64 7-1. Full width runway-taxiway bridge .............................................................................................................................. 71 7-2. Cross-section full width runway-taxiway bridge ......................................................................................................... 72 7-3. Minimum width taxiway bridge with positive edge protection, O'Hare Airport, Chicago, IL .................................... 73 7-4. Example structural deck and depressed roadway, O'Hare Airport, Chicago, IL ......................................................... 74 7-5. Suggested shoulder marking of minimum width taxiway bridge ................................................................................ 75 7-6. Controlled use service road, Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, CA .................................................... 76 8-1. Velocity distance curves, DC-8 .................................................................................................................................. 79 8-2. Velocity distance curves, B-727 ................................................................................................................................. 80 8-3. Velocity distance curves, B-747 ................................................................................................................................. 81 8-4. Velocity distance curves, DC-10 ................................................................................................................................. 82 8-5. Blast velocities of business jet airplanes ..................................................................................................................... 83 8-6. Typical blast deflector fences, metal ........................................................................................................................... 84 8-7. Typical blast deflector fences, concrete....................................................................................................................... 85 A1-1. Wind vector diagram ................................................................................................................................................... 89 A1-2. Typical environmental data service wind summary .................................................................................................... 90 A1-3. Windrose blank showing direction and divisions ........................................................................................................ 91 A1-4. Completed windrose using figure A1-2 data ............................................................................................................... 92 A1-5. Windrose analysis ........................................................................................................................................................ 93 A1-6. Windrose analysis--estimating area not included ........................................................................................................ 94 A2-1. Approach slopes ........................................................................................................................................................ 105 A2-2. Offset approach course .............................................................................................................................................. 106 A2-3. Departure surface for Instrument Runways TERPS (40:1) ....................................................................................... 107 A2-4. Nominal One-Engine Inoperative (OEI) Obstacle Identification Surface ................................................................. 108 A3-1. Sample layout ............................................................................................................................................................ 109 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 x A3-2. Sample computation - airport reference point............................................................................................................... 110 A4-1. Marking layout and details of wheel block .................................................................................................................. 114 A4-2. Type I. compass calibration pad .................................................................................................................................. 115 A4-3. Type II. compass calibration pad .................................................................................................................................. 116 A5-1. Parking apron area ....................................................................................................................................................... 119 A5-2. Tiedown layouts............................................................................................................................................................ 120 A5-3. T-hanger layout ............................................................................................................................................................ 121 A8-1. Approximate distance airplanes undershoot and overrun the runway end.................................................................... 140 A9-1. Wingtip clearance - parallel taxiways .......................................................................................................................... 143 A9-2. Wingtip clearance from taxiway .................................................................................................................................. 144 A9-3. Wingtip clearance from apron taxiway ........................................................................................................................ 144 A9-4. Wingtip clearance from taxilane .................................................................................................................................. 145 A9-5. Pavement edge clearance on tangent ............................................................................................................................ 146 A9-6. McDonnell-Douglas MD-88 wingtip clearance trace for a 100-foot (30.5 m) radius centerline .................................. 147 A9-7. McDonnell-Douglas MD-88 wingtip clearance trace for a 120-foot (36.5 m) radius offset centerline ....................... 147 A9-8. Boeing 727-200 wingtip clearance trace for a 120-foot (36.5 m) radius offset centerline ........................................... 148 A9-9. Boeing 727-100 wingtip clearance trace for a 120-foot (36.5 m) radius offset centerline ........................................... 148 A10-1. Taxiway intersection details ........................................................................................................................................ 151 A10-2. Depiction of symbols . .................................................................................................................................................. 152 A12-1. Single engine, high wing, tailwheel airplanes 8,000 lb. (3,628 Kg) or less ................................................................. 167 A12-2. Single engine, high wing, tailwheel airplanes 8,000 lb. (3,628 Kg) or less (cont'd) .................................................... 168 A12-3. Single engine, high wing, tricycle gear airplanes 8,000 lb. (3,628 Kg) or less ............................................................ 169 A12-4. Single engine, low wing, tricycle gear airplanes 8,000 lb. (3,628 Kg) or less ............................................................. 170 A12-5. Single engine, low wing, tricycle gear airplanes 8,000 lb. (3,628 Kg) or less (cont'd) ................................................ 171 A12-6. Twin engine, low or mid wing, tricycle gear airplanes 8,000 lb. (3,628 Kg) or less ................................................... 172 A12-7. Twin engine, low or mid wing, tricycle gear airplanes 8,000 lb. (3,628 Kg) or less (cont'd) ....................................... 173 A12-8. Twin engine, high or mid wing, tricycle gear airplanes 8,000 lb. (3,628 Kg) or less .................................................. 174 A12-9. Aerospatiale Nord 262 ................................................................................................................................................. 175 A12-10. Aerospatiale/Sud SE-210 Caravelle . ............................................................................................................................ 177 A12-12. Avions de Transport Regional ATR-42 & -72 ............................................................................................................. 178 A12-13. Avions Marcel Dassault Mystere 20 (Fan Jet Falcon) ................................................................................................. 179 A12-14. BAe 1-11 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 180 A12-15. B.A.C./SNIAS Concorde .............................................................................................................................................. 181 A12-16. B.A.C./Vickers VC-10 ................................................................................................................................................. 182 A12-17. B.A.C./Vickers Viscount............................................................................................................................................... 183 A12-18. Beech Starship ............................................................................................................................................................. 184 A12-19. Beechcraft Airliner........................................................................................................................................................ 185 A12-20. Beechcraft King Air ...................................................................................................................................................... 186 A12-21. Beechcraft Model 18 and Conversions ........................................................................................................................ 187 A12-22. Beechcraft Queen Air ................................................................................................................................................... 188 A12-23. Boeing B-52 Stratofortress ........................................................................................................................................... 189 A12-24. Boeing KC-97L............................................................................................................................................................. 190 A12-25. Boeing KC-135A .......................................................................................................................................................... 191 A12-26. Boeing 707-720 ............................................................................................................................................................ 192 A12-27. Boeing 727 ................................................................................................................................................................... 193 A12-28. Boeing 737 ................................................................................................................................................................... 194 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 xii A14-3. Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA).................................................................................................................279 A14-4. Landing distance available (LDA) ............................................................................................................................280 1/3/08 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 12 Chap 1 1 Chapter 1. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND DEFINITION OF TERMS 1. GENERAL. Section 103 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 states in part, “In the exercise and performance of his power and duties under this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall consider the following, among other things, as being in the public interest: (a) The regulation of air commerce in such manner as to best promote its development and safety and fulfill the requirements of defense; (b) The promotion, encouragement, and development of civil aeronautics . . . .” This public charge, in effect, requires the development and maintenance of a national system of safe, delay-free, and cost-effective airports. The use of the standards and recommendations contained in this publication in the design of airports supports this public charge. These standards and recommendations, however, do not limit or regulate the operations of aircraft. 2. DEFINITIONS. As used in this publication, the following terms mean: Aircraft Approach Category. A grouping of aircraft based on 1.3 times their stall speed in their landing configuration at the certificated maximum flap setting and maximum landing weight at standard atmospheric conditions. The categories are as follows: Category A: Speed less than 91 knots. Category B: Speed 91 knots or more but less than 121 knots. Category C: Speed 121 knots or more but less than 141 knots. Category D: Speed 141 knots or more but less than 166 knots. Category E: Speed 166 knots or more. Airplane Design Group (ADG). A grouping of airplanes based on wingspan or tail height. Where an airplane is in two categories, the most demanding category should be used. The groups are as follows: Group I: Up to but not including 49 feet (15 m) wingspan or tail height up to but not including 20 feet. Group II: 49 feet (15 m) up to but not including 79 feet (24 m) wingspan or tail height from 20 up to but not including 30 feet. Group III: 79 feet (24 m) up to but not including 118 feet (36 m) wingspan or tail height from 30 up to but not including 45 feet. Group IV: 118 feet (36 m) up to but not including 171 feet (52 m) wingspan or tail height from 45 up to but not including 60 feet. Group V: 171 feet (52 m) up to but not including 214 feet (65 m) wingspan or tail height from 60 up to but not including 66 feet. Group VI: 214 feet (65 m) up to but not including 262 feet (80 m) wingspan or tail height from 66 up to but not including 80 feet. Table 1-1. Airplane Design Groups (ADG) Group # Tail Height (ft) Wingspan (ft) I <20 <49 II 20 - <30 49 - <79 III 30 - <45 79 - <118 IV 45 - <60 118 - <171 V 60 - <66 171 - <214 VI 66 - <80 214 - <262 Airport Elevation. The highest point on an airport's usable runway expressed in feet above mean sea level (MSL). Airport Layout Plan (ALP). The plan of an airport showing the layout of existing and proposed airport facilities. Airport Reference Point (ARP). The latitude and longitude of the approximate center of the airport. Blast Fence. A barrier used to divert or dissipate jet blast or propeller wash. Building Restriction Line (BRL). A line which identifies suitable building area locations on airports. Clear Zone. See Runway Protection Zone. Clearway (CWY). A defined rectangular area beyond the end of a runway cleared or suitable for use in lieu of runway to satisfy takeoff distance requirements. Compass Calibration Pad. An airport facility used for calibrating an aircraft compass. AC 150/5300-13 CHG 10 9/29/06 Chap 1 2 Declared Distances. The distances the airport owner declares available for the airplane's takeoff run, takeoff distance, accelerate-stop distance, and landing distance requirements. The distances are: Takeoff run available (TORA). The runway length declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane taking off; Takeoff distance available (TODA). The TORA plus the length of any remaining runway or clearway (CWY) beyond the far end of the TORA; NOTE: The full length of TODA may not be usable for all takeoffs because of obstacles in the departure area. The usable TODA length is aircraft performance dependent and, as such, must be determined by the aircraft operator before each takeoff and requires knowledge of the location of each controlling obstacle in the departure area. Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA). The runway plus stopway (SWY) length declared available and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration of an airplane aborting a takeoff; and Landing distance available (LDA). The runway length declared available and suitable for a landing airplane. Fixed By Function NAVAID. An air navigation aid (NAVAID) that must be positioned in a particular location in order to provide an essential benefit for civil aviation is fixed by function. Exceptions are: a. Equipment shelters, junction boxes, transformers, and other appurtenances that support a fixed by function NAVAID are not fixed by function unless operational requirements require them to be located in close proximity to the NAVAID. b. Some NAVAIDs, such as localizers, can provide beneficial performance even when they are not located at their optimal location. These NAVAIDS are not fixed by function. Frangible NAVAID. A navigational aid (NAVAID) which retains its structural integrity and stiffness up to a designated maximum load, but on impact from a greater load, breaks, distorts, or yields in such a manner as to present the minimum hazard to aircraft. The term NAVAID includes electrical and visual air navigational aids, lights, signs, and associated supporting equipment. Hazard to Air Navigation. An object which, as a result of an aeronautical study, the FAA determines will have a substantial adverse effect upon the safe and efficient use of navigable airspace by aircraft, operation of air navigation facilities, or existing or potential airport capacity. Large Airplane. An airplane of more than 12,500 pounds (5 700 kg) maximum certificated takeoff weight. Low Impact Resistant Supports (LIRS). Supports designed to resist operational and environmental static loads and fail when subjected to a shock load such as that from a colliding aircraft. Object. Includes, but is not limited to above ground structures, NAVAIDs, people, equipment, vehicles, natural growth, terrain, and parked aircraft. Object Free Area (OFA). An area on the ground centered on a runway, taxiway, or taxilane centerline provided to enhance the safety of aircraft operations by having the area free of objects, except for objects that need to be located in the OFA for air navigation or aircraft ground maneuvering purposes. Obstacle Clearance Surface (OCS). An inclined obstacle evaluation surface associated with a glidepath. The separation between this surface and the glidepath angle at any given distance from GPI defines the MINIMUM required obstruction clearance at that point. Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ). The OFZ is the airspace below 150 feet (45 m) above the established airport elevation and along the runway and extended runway centerline that is required to be clear of all objects, except for frangible visual NAVAIDs that need to be located in the OFZ because of their function, in order to provide clearance protection for aircraft landing or taking off from the runway, and for missed approaches. The OFZ is sub-divided as follows: Runway OFZ. The airspace above a surface centered on the runway centerline. Inner-approach OFZ. The airspace above a surface centered on the extended runway centerline. It applies to runways with an approach lighting system. Inner-transitional OFZ. The airspace above the surfaces located on the outer edges of the runway OFZ and the inner-approach OFZ. It applies to runways with approach visibility minimums lower than 3/4-statute mile (1 200 m). Obstruction to Air Navigation. An object of greater height than any of the heights or surfaces presented in Subpart C of Code of Federal Regulation (14 CFR), Part 77. (Obstructions to air navigation are presumed to be hazards to air navigation until an FAA study has determined otherwise.) Precision Approach Category I (CAT I) Runway. A runway with an instrument approach procedure which provides for approaches to a decision height (DH) of not less than 200 feet (60 m) and visibility of not less than 1/2 mile (800 m) or Runway Visual Range (RVR) 2400 (RVR 1800 with operative touchdown zone and runway centerline lights). AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 4 Chap 1 m. AC 150/5190-4, A Model Zoning Ordinance to Limit Height of Objects Around Airports. n. AC 150/5190-5, Exclusive Rights and Minimum Standards for Commercial Aeronautical Activities. (Cancelled by AC 150/5190-6 and AC 150/5190-7) o. AC 150/5190-6, Exclusive Rights at Federally- Obligated Airports p. AC 150/5190-7, Minimum Standards for Commercial Aeronautical Activities q. AC 150/5200-33, Hazardous Wildlife Attractants On or Near Airports. r. AC 150/5220-16, Automated Weather Observing Systems (AWOS) for Non-Federal Applications. s. AC 150/5230-4, Aircraft Fuel Storage, Handling, and Dispensing on Airports. t. AC 150/5320-5, Airport Drainage. u. AC 150/5320-6, Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation. v. AC 150/5320-14, Airport Landscaping for Noise Control Purposes. w. AC 150/5325-4, Runway Length Requirements for Airport Design. x. AC 150/5340-1, Standards for Airport Marking. y. AC 150/5340-5, Segmented Circle Marker Systems. z. AC 150/5340-14, Economy Approach Lighting Aids. (Cancelled by AC 150/5340-30) aa. AC 150/5340-18, Standards for Airport Sign Systems. bb. AC 150/5340-21, Airport Miscellaneous Lighting Visual Aids. (Cancelled by AC 150/5340-30) cc. AC 150/5340-24, Runway and Taxiway Edge Lighting System. (Cancelled by AC 150/5340-30) dd. AC 150/5340-28, Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) Systems. (Cancelled by AC 150/5340-30) ee. AC 150/5340-30, Design and Installation Details for Airport Visual Aids ff. AC 150/5345-52, Generic Visual Slope Indicators (GVGI). gg. AC 150/5360-13, Planning and Design Guidelines for Airport Terminal Facilities. hh. AC 150/5370-10, Standards for Specifying Construction of Airports. ii. AC 150/5390-2, Heliport Design. jj. 14 CFR Part 23, Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes. kk. 14 CFR Part 25, Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes. ll. 14 CFR Part 77, Safe, Efficient Use, and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace. mm. 14 CFR Part 97, Standard Instrument Approach Procedures. nn. 14 CFR Part 135, Operating Requirements: Commuter and On Demand Operations and Rules Governing Persons On Board Such Aircraft. oo. 14 CFR Part 139, Certification of Airports. pp. 14 CFR Part 151, Federal Aid to Airports. qq. 14 CFR Part 152, Airport Aid Program. rr. 14 CFR Part 153, Acquisition of U. S. Land for Public Airports. (Removed from Title 14) ss. 14 CFR Part 154, Acquisition of Land for Public Airports Under the Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970. (Removed from Title 14) tt. 14 CFR Part 157, Notice of Construction, Alteration, Activation, and Deactivation of Airports. uu. Order 1050.1, Policies and Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts. vv. Order 5050.4, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Implementing Instructions for Airport Actions. ww. Order 5100.38, Airport Improvement Program (AIP) Handbook. xx. Order 7400.2, Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters. yy. Order 8200. 1, United States Standard Flight Inspection Manual. zz. Order 8260.3, United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS). 9/30/2011 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 Chap 1 5 4. AIRPORT REFERENCE CODE (ARC). The ARC is a coding system used to relate airport design criteria to the operational and physical characteristics of the airplanes intended to operate at the airport. a. Coding System. The airport reference code has two components relating to the airport design aircraft. The first component, depicted by a letter, is the aircraft approach category and relates to aircraft approach speed (operational characteristic). The second component, depicted by a Roman numeral, is the airplane design group and relates to airplane wingspan or tailheight (physical characteristics), whichever is the most restrictive. Generally, runways standards are related to aircraft approach speed, airplane wingspan, and designated or planned approach visibility minimums. Taxiway and taxilane standards are related to airplane design group. b. Airport Design. Airport design first requires selecting the ARC(s), then the lowest designated or planned approach visibility minimums for each runway, and then applying the airport design criteria associated with the airport reference code and the designated or planned approach visibility minimums. (1) An upgrade in the first component of the ARC may result in an increase in airport design standards. Table 1-1 depicts these increases. (2) An upgrade in the second component of the ARC generally will result in a major increase in airport design standards. (3) An airport upgrade to provide for lower approach visibility minimums may result in an increase in airport design standards. Table 1-2 depicts these increases. (4) Operational minimums are based on current criteria, runways, airspace, and instrumentation. Unless this is taken into consideration in the development of the airport, the operational minimums may be other than proposed. (5) For airports with two or more runways, it may be desirable to design all airport elements to meet the requirements of the most demanding ARC. However, it may be more practical to design some airport elements, e.g., a secondary runway and its associated taxiway, to standards associated with a lesser demanding ARC. 5. AIRPORT LAYOUT PLAN. An Airport Layout Plan (ALP) is a scaled drawing of existing and proposed land and facilities necessary for the operation and development of the airport. Any airport will benefit from a carefully developed plan that reflects current FAA design standards and planning criteria. For guidance on developing Airport Master Plans, refer to AC 150/5070-6, Airport Master Plans. a. FAA-Approved ALP. All airport development carried out at Federally obligated airports must be done in accordance with an FAA-approved ALP. The FAA- approved ALP, to the extent practicable, should conform to the FAA airport design standards existing at the time of its approval. Due to unique site, environmental, or other constraints, the FAA may approve an ALP not fully complying with design standards. Such approval requires an FAA study and finding that the proposed modification is safe for the specific site and conditions. When the FAA upgrades a standard, airport owners should, to the extent practicable, include the upgrade in the ALP before starting future development. b. Guidance. AC 150/5070-6, Airport Master Plans, contains background information on the development of ALPs, as well as a detailed listing of the various components that constitute a well-appointed ALP. c. Electronic Plans. The FAA recommends the development of electronic ALPs where practical. 6. MODIFICATION OF AIRPORT DESIGN STANDARDS TO MEET LOCAL CONDITIONS. “Modification to standards” means any change to FAA design standards other than dimensional standards for runway safety areas. Unique local conditions may require modification to airport design standards for a specific airport. A modification to an airport design standard related to new construction, reconstruction, expansion, or upgrade on an airport which received Federal aid requires FAA approval. The request for modification should show that the modification will provide an acceptable level of safety, economy, durability, and workmanship. Appendixes 8 and 9 discuss the relationship between airplane physical characteristics and the design of airport elements. This rationale may be used to show that the modification will provide an acceptable level of safety for the specified conditions, including the type of aircraft. 7. NOTICE TO THE FAA OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT. 14 CFR Part 157, Notice of Construction, Activation, and Deactivation of Airports, requires persons proposing to construct, activate, or deactivate an airport to give notice of their intent to the FAA. The notice applies to proposed alterations to the takeoff and landing areas, traffic patterns, and airport use, e.g., a change from private-use to public-use. a. Notice Procedure. 14 CFR Part 157 requires airport proponents to notify the appropriate FAA Airports Regional or District Office at least 30 days before construction, alteration, deactivation, or the date of the proposed change in use. In an emergency involving essential public service, health, or safety, or when delay would result in a hardship, a proponent may notify the FAA by telephone and submit Form 7480-1, Notice of Landing Area Proposal, within 5 days. b. The Notice. The notice consists of a completed FAA Form 7480-1, a layout sketch, and a location map. The layout sketch should show the airport takeoff and landing area configuration in relation to buildings, trees, fences, power lines, and other similar significant features. The preferred type of location map is the 7.5 minute U.S. Geological Survey AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 Quadrangle Map showing the location of the airport site. Form 7480-1 lists FAA Airports Office addresses. c. FAA Action. The FAA evaluates the airport proposal for its impact upon the: safe and efficient use of navigable airspace; operation of air navigation facilities; existing or potential airport capacity; and safety o f persons and property on the ground. The FAA notifies proponents of the results of the FAA evaluation. d. Penalty for Failure to Provide Notice. Persons who fail to give notice are subject to civil penalty. 8. NOTICE TO THE FAA OF PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION. 14 CFR Part 77, Safe, Efficient Use, and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace, requires persons proposing any construction or alteration described in 14 CFR Part 77 to give notice to the FAA of their intent. This includes any construction or alteration of structures more than 200 feet (61 m) in height above the ground level or at a height that penetrates defined imaginary surfaces l ocated in the vicinity of a public-use airport. b. Whether an object or activity on or in the vicinity of an airport is objectionable; c. Whether the need to alter, remove, mark, or light an object exists; d. Whether to approve an Airport Layout Plan; e. Whether proposed construction, enlargement, or modification to an airport would have an adverse effect on the safe and efficient use of navigable airspace; or f. Whether a change in an operational procedure is feasible. 10. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE. The FAA administers a grant program (per Order 5100.38, Airport Improvement Program (AIP) Handbook) which provides financial assistance for developing public-use airports. Persons interested in this program can obtain information from FAA Airports Regional or District Offices. Technical assistance in airport development is also available from these offices. a. Airport Data Requirements. Future airport development plans and feasibility studies on file with the FAA may influence the determinations resulting from 14 CFR Part 7 7 studies. To assure full c onsideration of future airport development in 14 CFR Part 77 studies, airport owners must have their plans on file with the FAA. The necessary plan data includes, as a minimum, planned runway end coordinates, elevation, and type of approach for any new runway or runway extension. b. Penalty for Failure to Provide Notice. Persons who knowingly and willingly fail to give such notice are subject to criminal prosecution. 9. FAA STUDIES. The FAA studies existing and proposed objects and activities, on and in th e vicinity of public-use airports. These objects and activities are no t limited to obstructions to air navigation, as defined in 14 CFR Part 77. These studies focus on the efficient use of the airport and the safety of persons and property on the ground. As the result of these studies, the FAA may resist, oppose, or recommend against the presence of objects or activities in the vicinity of a public-use airport that conflict with an airport planning or design standard/recommendation. This policy is stated as a notice on page 32152 of Volume 54, No. 149, of the Federal Register, dated Friday, August 4, 1989. FAA studies conclude: 11. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS. Federal grant assistance in, or ALP approval of, new airport construction or major expansion normally requires an assessment of potential environmental impacts in accordance with FAA Order 5050.4, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Implementing Instructions for Airport Actions. 12. STATE ROLE. Many State aeronautics commissions or similar departments require prior approval and, in some instances, a license for the establishment and operation of an airport. Some States administer a financial assistance program similar to the Federal program and technical advice. Proponents should contact their respective State aeronautics commissions or departments for information on licensing and assistance programs. 13. LOCAL ROLE. Most communities have zoning ordinances, building codes, and fire regulations which may affect airport development. Some have o r are in the process of developing codes or o rdinances regulating environmental issues such as noise and air quality. Others may have specific procedures for establishing an airport. 14. to 199. RESERVED a. Whether an obstruction to air navigation is a hazard to air navigation; 6 Chap 1 12/31/2009 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 15 Table 1-1. Increases in airport design standards associated with an upgrade in the first component (aircraft approach category) of the airport reference code ARC upgrade Changes in airport design standards A-I s/ to B-I s/ No change in airport design standards. B-I s/ to C-I Increase in crosswind component. Refer to paragraph 203.b. Increase in runway separation standards. Refer to tables 2-1 and 2-2. Increase in RPZ dimensions. Refer to table 2-4 and appendix 14, paragraph 5.b. Increase in OFZ dimensions. Refer to paragraph 306. Increase in runway design standards. Refer to tables 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3. Increase in surface gradient standards. Refer to paragraph 502. Increase in threshold siting standards. Refer to appendix 2, paragraph 5. A-I to B-I No change in airport design standards. B-I / to C-I Increase in crosswind component. Refer to paragraph 203.b. Increase in runway separation standards. Refer to tables 2-1 and 2-2. Increase in RPZ dimensions. Refer to table 2-4 and appendix 14, paragraph 5.b. Increase in runway design standards. Refer to tables 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3. Increase in surface gradient standards. Refer to paragraph 502. A-II to B-II No change in airport design standards. B-II to C-II Increase in crosswind component. Refer to paragraph 203.b. Increase in runway separation standards. Refer to tables 2-1 and 2-2. Increase in RPZ dimensions. Refer to table 2-4 and appendix 14, paragraph 5.b. Increase in runway design standards. Refer to tables 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3. Increase in surface gradient standards. Refer to paragraph 502. A-III to B-III No change in airport standards. B-III to C-III Increase in runway separation standards. Refer to tables 2-1 and 2-2. Increase in RPZ dimensions. Refer to table 2-4 and appendix 14, paragraph 5.b. Increase in runway design standards. Refer to tables 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3. Increase in surface gradient standards. Refer to paragraph 502. A-IV to B-IV No change in airport design standards. B-IV to C-IV Increase in RPZ dimensions. Refer to table 2-4 and appendix 14, paragraph 5.b. Increase in surface gradient standards. Refer to paragraph 502. s/ These airport design standards pertain to facilities for small airplanes exclusively. Chap 1 7 9/30/2011 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 Chapter 2. AIRPORT GEOMETRY 200. INTRODUCTION. This chapter presents the airport geometric design standards and recommendations to ensure the safety, economy, efficiency, and longevity of an airport. 201. PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION. a. Need to Plan. The significance of the interrelationship of the various airport features cannot be overemphasized. It is important that airport owners look to both the present and p otential functions of th e airport. (1) Existing and planned airspace required for safe and efficient aircraft operations should be protected by acquisition of a combination of zoning, easements, property interests, and other means. AC 150/5190-4, A Model Zoning Ordinance to Limit Height of Objects Around Airports, presents guidance for controlling the height of objects around airports. (2) All other existing and planned airport elements, including the following, should be on airport property: (a) Object free areas; (b) Runway protection zones; (c) Areas under the 14 CFR Part 77 Subpart C airport im aginary surfaces out to where the surfaces obtain a height of at least 35 feet (10 m) above the primary surface; and (d) Areas, other then those which can be adequately controlled by zoning, easements, or ot her means to mitigate potential incompatible land uses. b. Airport Functions. Coordination with the FAA and users of the airport should assist in determining the airport's immediate and long range functions which will best satisfy the needs of the community and traveling public. This involves determining the following: (1) The operating characteristics, sizes, and weights of the airplanes expected at the airport; (2) The airport reference code (ARC) resulting from (1); (3) The most demanding meteorological conditions in which airplanes will operate; (4) The volume and mix of operations; (5) The possible constraints on navigable airspace; and (6) The environmental and compatible land- use considerations associated with topography, residential development, schools, churches, hospitals, sites of public assembly, and the like. c. Airport Layout Plan. When developing the airport layout plan, application of the standards and recommendations in this publication to the long range functions of the airport will establish the future airport geometry. See AC 150/5070-6, Airport Master Plans, current edition, for information on the development of the airport layout plan. 202. RUNWAY LOCATION AND ORIENTATION. Runway location and orientation are paramount to airport safety, efficiency, economics, and environmental impact. The weight and degree of concern given to each of the following factors depend, in part, on: the airport reference code; the meteorological conditions; the surrounding environment; topography; and the volume of air traffic expected at the airport. a. Wind. Appendix 1 pr ovides information on wind data an alysis for airport planning and design. Such an analysis considers the wind velocity and direction as related to the existing and forecasted operations during visual and instrument meteorological conditions. It may also consider wind by time of day. b. Airspace Availability. Existing and p lanned instrument approach procedures, missed approach procedures, departure procedures, control zones, special use airspace, restricted airspace, and traffic patterns influence airport layouts and locations. Contact the FAA for assistance on airspace matters. c. Environmental Factors. In developing runways to be compatible with the airport environs, conduct environmental studies which consider the impact of exi sting and proposed land use and noise on nearby residents, air and water quality, wildlife, and historical/archeological features. d. Obstructions to Air Navigation. An obstruction survey should identify those objects which may affect airplane operations. Approaches free of obstructions are desirable and encouraged, but as a minimum, locate and orient runways to ensure that the 9 Chap 2 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 approach areas associated with the ultimate development of the airport are clear of hazards to air navigation. e. Topography. Topography affects the amount of grading and drainage work required to construct a runway. In determining runway orientation, consider the costs of both the initial work and ultimate airport development. See chapter 5 and AC 150/5320-5 for further guidance. f. Airport Traffic Control Tower Visibility. The location and orientation of runways and taxiways must be such that the existing (or future) airport traffic control tower (ATCT) has a clear line of sight to: all traffic patterns; the final approaches to all runways; all runway structural pavement; and, other operational surfaces controlled by ATC. A clear line of sight to taxilane centerlines is desirable. Operational surfaces not having a clear unobstructed line of sight from the ATCT are designated by ATC as uncontrolled or nonmovement areas through a local agreement with the airport owner. See chapter 6 for guidance on airport traffic control tower siting. g. Wildlife Hazards. In orienting runways, consider the relative locations of bird sanctuaries, sanitary landfills, or other areas that may attract large numbers of birds or wildlife. Where bird hazards exist, develop and implement bird control procedures to minimize such hazards. See FAA/USDA manual Wildlife Hazard Management at Airports. This manual may be used to determine, on a case-by-case basis, what uses may be compatible with a particular airport environment with respect to wildlife management. Additional standards and guidance are available in AC 150/5200-33, Hazardous Wildlife Attractants on or Near Airports, and AC 150/5200-34, Construction or Establishment of Landfills near Public Airports. Guidance is also available through local FAA Airports Offices. 203. ADDITIONAL RUNWAYS. An additional runway may be necessary to accommodate operational demands, minimize adverse wind conditions, or overcome environmental impacts. a. Operational Demands. An additional runway, or runways, is necessary when traffic volume exceeds the existing runway's operational capability. With rare exception, capacity justified runways are parallel to the primary runway. Refer to AC 150/5060-5 for additional discussion. b. Wind Conditions. When a runway orientation provides less than 95 percent wind coverage for any aircraft forecasted to use the airport on a regular basis, a crosswind runway is recommended. The 95 percent wind coverage is computed on the basis of the crosswind not exceeding 10.5 knots for Airport Reference Codes A-I and B-I, 13 knots for Airport Reference Codes A-II and B-II, 16 knots for Airport Reference Codes A-III, B-III, and C-I through D-III, and 20 knots for Airport Reference Codes A-IV through D-VI. See Appendix 1 for the methodology on computing wind coverage. c. Environmental Impact. An additional runway may be needed to divert traffic from overflying an environmentally sensitive area. 204. TAXIWAY SYSTEM. As runway traffic increases, the capacity of the taxiway system may become the limiting operational factor. Taxiways link the independent airport elements and require careful planning for optimum airport utility. The taxiway system should provide for free movement to and from the runways, terminal/cargo, and parking areas. It is desirable to maintain a smooth flow with a minimum number of points requiring a change in the airplane's taxiing speed. a. System Composition. Through-taxiways and intersections comprise the taxiway system. It includes entrance and exit taxiways; bypass, crossover or transverse taxiways; apron taxiways and taxilanes; and parallel and dual parallel taxiways. Chapter 4 discusses taxiway design. b. Design Principles: (1) Provide each runway with a parallel taxiway or the capability therefore; (2) Build taxiways as direct as possible; (3) Provide bypass capability or multiple access to runway ends; (4) Minimize crossing runways; (5) Provide ample curve and fillet radii; (6) Provide airport traffic control tower line of sight; and (7) Avoid traffic bottlenecks. 205. AIRPORT APRONS. Chapter 5 contains gradient standards for airport aprons. The tables cited in paragraph 206 present separation criteria applicable to aprons. For other apron criteria, refer to AC 150/5360-13 and Appendix 5 herein. 206. SEPARATION STANDARDS. Tables 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 and Figure 2-1 describe the separation standards applicable to all new airport projects. The separation distances may need to be increased to meet the runway obstacle free zone (OFZ) standards. 10 Chap 2 9/30/2011 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 Chap 2 11 (2) Triple simultaneous precision instrument approaches for airports below 1,000 feet (305 m) elevation normally require parallel runway centerline separation of 5,000 feet (1 525 m) between adjacent runways. Triple simultaneous precision instrument approaches for airport elevations at and above 1,000 feet (305 m) and reduction in separation are currently under study by the FAA. In the interim, the FAA, on a case-by-case basis, will consider proposals utilizing separations down to a minimum of 4,300 feet (1 310 m) where a 5,000-foot (1 525 m) separation is impractical or the airport elevation is at or above 1,000 feet (305 m). Reduction of separation may require special radar, monitoring equipment, etc. NOTE: Use of the Runway Obstacle Fee Zone (OFZ) to justify a modification to standards for the purpose of reducing runway to taxiway separation standards is not allowed. 207. PARALLEL RUNWAY SEPARATION -- SIMULTANEOUS VFR OPERATIONS. a. Standard. For simultaneous landings and takeoffs using visual flight rules (VFR), the minimum separation between centerlines of parallel runways is 700 feet (214 m). b. Recommendations. The minimum runway centerline separation distance recommended for Airplane Design Group V and VI runways is 1,200 feet (366 m). Air traffic control practices, such as holding airplanes between the runways, frequently justify greater separation distances. Runways with centerline spacings under 2,500 feet (762 m) are treated as a single runway by ATC when wake turbulence is a factor. (3) Quadruple simultaneous precision instrument approaches are currently under study by the FAA. In the interim, the FAA, on a case-by-case basis, will consider proposals utilizing separations down to a minimum of 5,000 feet (1 525 m). Quadruples may require special radar, monitoring equipment, etc.. 208. PARALLEL RUNWAY SEPARATION-- SIMULTANEOUS IFR OPERATIONS. To attain instrument flight rule (IFR) capability for simultaneous (independent) landings and takeoff on parallel runways, the longitudinal (in-trail) separation required for single runway operations is replaced, in whole or in part, by providing lateral separation between aircraft operating to parallel runways. Subparagraphs a and b identify the minimum centerline separations for parallel runways with operations under instrument flight rules (IFR). Where practical, parallel runway centerline separation of at least 5,000 feet (1 525 m) is recommended. Placing the terminal area between the parallel runways minimizes taxi operations across active runways and increases operational efficiency of the airport. Terminal area space needs may dictate greater separations than required for simultaneous IFR operations. b. Simultaneous Departures or Approaches and Departures. Simultaneous departures do not always require radar air traffic control facilities. The following parallel runway centerline separations apply: (1) Simultaneous Departures. (a) Simultaneous nonradar departures require a parallel runway centerline separation of at least 3,500 feet (1 067 m). (b) Simultaneous radar departures require a parallel runway centerline separation of at least 2,500 feet (762 in). (2) Simultaneous Approach and Departure. Simultaneous radar-controlled approaches and departures require the following parallel runway centerline separations: a. Simultaneous Approaches. Precision instrument operations require electronic navigational aids and monitoring equipment, air traffic control, and approach procedures. (a) When the thresholds are not staggered, at least 2,500 feet (762 m). (1) Dual simultaneous precision instrument approaches are normally approved on parallel runway centerline separation of 4,300 feet (1 310 m). Further on a case-by-case basis, the FAA will consider proposals utilizing separations down to a minimum of 3,000 feet (915 m) where a 4,300 foot (1 310 m) separation is impractical. This reduction of separation requires special high update radar, monitoring equipment, etc.. (b) When the thresholds are staggered and the approach is to the near threshold, the 2,500-foot (762 m) separation can be reduced by 100 feet (30 m) for each 500 feet (150 m) of threshold stagger to a minimum separation of 1,000 feet (305 m). For Airplane Design Groups V and VI runways, a separation of at least 1,200 feet (366 m) is recommended. See figure 2-2 for a description of "near" and "far" thresholds. AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 12 Chap 2 (2) Runway and Taxiway Safety Areas. Runway and taxiway safety areas require clearing of objects, except for objects that need to be located in the runway or taxiway safety area because of their function. Objects higher than 3 inches (7.6 cm) above grade should be constructed on low impact resistant supports (frangible mounted structures) of the lowest practical height with the frangible point no higher than 3 inches (7.6 cm) above grade. Other objects, such as manholes, should be constructed at grade. In no case should their height exceed 3 inches (7.6 cm) above grade. Underground fuel storage facilities should not be located within runway and taxiway safety areas (see AC 150/5230-4), Aircraft Fuel Storage, Handling, and Dispensing on Airports). Tables 3-1, 3-2, 3- 3, and 4-1 specify runway and taxiway safety area standard dimensions. (c) When the thresholds are staggered and the approach is to the far threshold, the minimum 2,500-foot (762 m) separation requires an increase of 100 feet (30 m) for every 500 feet (152 m) of threshold stagger. 209. RUNWAY TO PARALLEL TAXIWAY AND TAXILANE SEPARATION. a. Standards. Tables 2-1 and 2-2 present the runway centerline to parallel taxiway/taxilane centerline separation standard. This distance is such to satisfy the requirement that no part of an aircraft (tail tip, wing tip) on taxiway/taxilane centerline is within the runway safety area or penetrates the obstacle free zone (OFZ). (3) Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ). Obstacle Free Zones require clearing of object penetrations, except for frangible visual NAVAIDs that need to be located in the OFZ because of their function. Paragraph 306 specifies OFZ standard dimensions. b. Recommendations. To have room for the acute- angled exit taxiway, provide a runway centerline to parallel taxiway centerline of at least 400 feet (120 m) for Airplane Design Groups I and II, 500 feet (150 m) for Airplane Design Group III, and 600 feet (180 m) for Airplane Design Groups IV, V, and VI. (4) Threshold. The threshold obstacle clearance surfaces, defined in Appendix 2, paragraph 5, require clearing of object penetrations. 210. BUILDING RESTRICTION LINE (BRL). A BRL should be placed on an airport layout plan for identifying suitable building area locations on airports. The BRL should encompass the runway protection zones, the runway object free area, the runway visibility zone (see paragraph 503), NAVAID critical areas, areas required for terminal instrument procedures, and airport traffic control tower clear line of sight. (5) NAVAIDs. Certain areas require clearing for the establishment and operation of NAVAIDs. These NAVAID critical areas are depicted in chapter 6. (6) 14 CFR Part 77 Safe, Efficient Use and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace. Obstructions to air navigation must be removed unless an FAA aeronautical study, based on proposed operations, determined otherwise. To determine otherwise, the FAA must find no substantial adverse effect as defined in Order 7400.2, Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters, Chapter 7, Evaluating Aeronautical Effect, Section 1, General. The FAA, normally, limits aeronautical studies of existing objects to obstructions to air navigation which are not included in the criteria cited in paragraphs 211a(1) through (5). 211. OBJECT CLEARING CRITERIA. Safe and efficient operations at an airport require that certain areas on and near the airport be clear of objects or restricted to objects with a certain function, composition, and/or height. The object clearing criteria subdivides the 14 CFR Part 77, Subpart C, airspace and the object free area (OFA) ground area by type of objects tolerated within each subdivision. Aircraft are controlled by the aircraft operating rules and not by this criteria. (7) Runway Protection Zone (RPZ). The RPZ requires clearing of incompatible objects and activities as specified in paragraphs 212a(1)(a) and 212a(2). a. Standards. Object clearance requirements are as follows: (8) General. Other objects which require clearing are those which generally can have an adverse effect on the airport. These include objects in the inner part of the approach area (coinciding with the RPZ) such as fuel handling and storage facilities, smoke and dust generating activities, misleading lights, and those which may create glare or attract wildlife. (1) Object Free Area (OFA). Object free areas require clearing of objects as specified in paragraph 307, Runway Object Free Area, and paragraph 404, Taxiway and Taxilane Object Free Area (OFA). 9/30/2011 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 b. Recommendations. Other objects that are desirable to clear, if practicable, are objects that do not have a substantial adverse effect on the airport but, if removed, will enhance operations. These include objects in the controlled activity area and obstructions to air navigation that are not covered in paragraph 211.a, especially those penetrating an approach surface. On a paved runway, the approach surface starts 200 feet (61 m) beyond the area usable for takeoff or landing, whichever is more demanding. On an unpaved runway, the approach surface starts at the end of the area usable for takeoff or landing. 212. RUNWAY PROTECTION ZONE (RPZ). The RPZ's function is to enhance the protection of people and property on the ground. This is achieved through airport owner control over RPZs. Such control includes clearing RPZ areas (and maintaining them clear) of incompatible objects and activities. Control is preferably exercised through the acquisition of sufficient property interest in the RPZ. a. Standards. (1) RPZ Configuration/Location. The RPZ is trapezoidal in shape and centered about the extended runway centerline. The central portion and controlled activity area are the two components of the RPZ (see Figure 2-3). The RPZ dimension for a particular runway end is a function of the type of aircraft and approach visibility minimum associated with that runway end. Table 2-4 provides standard dimensions for RPZs. Other than with a special application of declared distances, the RPZ begins 200 feet (60 m) beyond the end of the area usable for takeoff or landing. With a special application of declared distances, see Appendix 14, separate approach and departure RPZs are required for each runway end. (a) The Central Portion of the RPZ. The central portion of the RPZ extends from the beginning to the end of the RPZ, centered on the runway centerline. Its width is equal to the width of the runway OFA (see Figure 2-3). Paragraph 307 contains the dimensional standards for the OFA. (b) The Controlled Activity Area. The controlled activity area is the portion of the RPZ to the sides of the central portion of the RPZ. (2) Land Use. In addition to the criteria specified in paragraph 211, the following land use criteria apply within the RPZ: (a) While it is desirable to clear all objects from the RPZ, some uses are permitted, provided they do not attract wildlife (see paragraph 202.g., Wildlife Hazards, and Appendix 17 or dimensional standards), are outside of the Runway OFA, and do not interfere with navigational aids. Automobile parking facilities, although discouraged, may be permitted, provided the parking facilities and any associated appurtenances, in addition to meeting all of the preceding conditions, are located outside of the central portion of the RPZ. Fuel storage facilities may not be located in the RPZ. (b) Land uses prohibited from the RPZ are residences and places of public assembly. (Churches, schools, hospitals, office buildings, shopping centers, and other uses with similar concentrations of persons typify places of public assembly.) Fuel storage facilities may not be located in the RPZ. b. Recommendations. Where it is determined to be impracticable for the airport owner to acquire and plan the land uses within the entire RPZ, the RPZ land use standards have recommendation status for that portion of the RPZ not controlled by the airport owner. c. FAA Studies of Objects and Activities in the Vicinity of Airports. The FAA policy is to protect the public investment in the national airport system. To implement this policy, the FAA studies existing and proposed objects and activities, both off and on public- use airports, with respect to their effect upon the safe and efficient use of the airports and safety of persons and property on the ground. These objects need not be obstructions to air navigation, as defined in 14 CFR Part 77. As the result of a study, the FAA may issue an advisory recommendation in opposition to the presence of any off-airport object or activity in the vicinity of a public-use airport that conflicts with an airport planning or design standard or recommendation. 213. RUNWAY HOLDING POSITION (HOLDLINE). At airports with operating airport traffic control towers, runway holding positions (holdlines) identify the location on a taxiway where a pilot is to stop when he/she does not have clearance to proceed onto the runway. At airports without operating control towers, these holdlines identify the location where a pilot should assure there is adequate separation with other aircraft before proceeding onto the runway. The holdline standards, which assume a perpendicular distance from a runway centerline to an intersecting taxiway centerline (See paragraph 409) are in Tables 2-1 and 2-2. However, these distance standards may need to be longer and placed in such a way to take into account the largest aircraft (tail, body, or wing tip) expected to use the runway from penetrating the Obstacle Free Zone. These distances do not guarantee sufficient clearance behind a holding aircraft to permit the passing of another aircraft on a parallel taxiway. No part of an aircraft (wing-tip, fuselage, etc.) shall extend beyond the holdline. 214. to 299. RESERVED Chap 2 13 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 9/30/2011 Table 2-1. Runway Separation Standards for aircraft approach categories A & B ITEM DIM 1/ AIRPLANE DESIGN GROUP I 2/ I II III IV Visual runways and runways with not lower than ¾-statue mile (1200m) approach visibility minimums Runway Centerline to: Parallel Runway Centerline H Refer to paragraphs 207 and 208 Holdline 125ft 7/ 38m 200ft 60m 200ft 60m 200ft 5/ 60m 250ft 75m Taxiway/Taxilane/ Centerline 3/ 8/ D 150ft 45m 225ft 67.5m 240ft 72m 300ft 90m 400ft 120m Aircraft Parking Area G 125ft 37.5m 200ft 60m 250ft 75m 400ft 120m 500ft 150m Helicopter Touchdown Pad Refer to Advisory Circular 150/5390-2 Runways with lower than ¾ -statue mile (1200m) approach visibility minimums 4/ Runway Centerline to: Parallel Runway Centerline H Refer to paragraphs 207 and 208 Holdline 175ft 7/ 53m 250ft 75m 250ft 75m 250ft 5/ 75m 250ft 6/ 75m Taxiway/Taxilane/ Centerline 3/ 8/ D 200ft 60m 250ft 75m 300ft 90m 350ft 105m 400ft 120m Aircraft Parking Area G 400ft 120m 400ft 120m 400ft 120m 400ft 120m 500ft 150m Helicopter Touchdown Pad Refer to Advisory Circular 150/5390-2 1/ Letters correspond to the dimensions on Figure 2-1. 2/ These dimensional standards pertain to facilities for small airplanes exclusively. 3/ The taxiway/taxilane centerline separation standards are for sea level. At higher elevations, an increase to these separation distances may be required to keep taxiing and holding airplanes clear of the OFZ (refer to paragraph 206). 4/ For approaches with visibility less than ½-statue miles, runway centerline to taxiway/taxilane centerline separation increases to 400 feet (120m). 5/ This distance is increased 1 foot for each 100 feet above 5,100 feet above sea level. 6/ This distance is increased 1 foot for each 100 feet above sea level. 7/ The holdline dimension standards pertains to facilities for small airplanes exclusively, including airplane design groups I & II. 8/ Existing taxiway/taxilane distance may be acceptable to support the existing runway service level (i.e. CAT I, II, III) when approved by the FAA Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Airport Engineering Division (AAS-100). NOTE: Use of the Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ) to justify a modification to standards for the purpose of reducing runway to taxiway separation standards is not allowed. 14 Chap 2 9/30/2011 AC 150/5300-13 CHG 17 Table 2-2. Runway Separation Standards for aircraft approach categories C & D ITEM DIM 1/ AIRPLANE DESIGN GROUP I II III IV V VI Visual runways and runways with not lower than ¾-statue mile (1200m) approach visibility minimums Runway Centerline to: Parallel Runway Centerline H Refer to paragraphs 207 and 208 Holdline 7/ 250ft 75m 250ft 75m 250ft 75m 250ft 75m 250ft 6/ 75m 280ft 6/ 85m Taxiway/Taxilane/ Centerline 2/ 8/ D 300ft 90m 300ft 90m 400ft 120m 400ft 120m 3/ 3/ 500ft 150m Aircraft Parking Area G 400ft 120m 400ft 120m 500ft 150m 500ft 150m 500ft 150m 500ft 150m Helicopter Touchdown Pad Refer to Advisory Circular 150/5390-2 Runways with lower than ¾-statue mile (1200m) approach visibility minimums Runway Centerline to: Parallel Runway Centerline H Refer to paragraphs 207 and 208 Holdline 7/ 250ft 75m 250ft 75m 250ft 75m 250ft 6/ 75m 280ft 6/ 85m 280ft 6/ 85m Taxiway/Taxilane/ Centerline 2/ 8/ D 400ft 120m 400ft 120m 400ft 120m 400ft 120m 3/ 4/ 3/ 4/ 5/ 5/ Aircraft Parking Area G 500ft 150m 500ft 150m 500ft 150m 500ft 150m 500ft 150m 500ft 150m Helicopter Touchdown Pad Refer to Advisory Circular 150/5390-2 1/ Letters correspond to the dimensions on Figure 2-1. 2/ The taxiway/taxilane centerline separation standards are for sea level. At higher elevations, an increase to these separation distances may be required to keep taxiing and holding airplanes clear of the OFZ (refer to paragraph 206). 3/ For Airplane Design Group V, the standard runway centerline to parallel taxiway centerline separation distance is 400ft (120m) for airports at or below an elevation of 1,345feet (410m); 450feet (135m) for airports between elevations for 1,345 feet (410m) and 6,560 feet (2,000m); and 500 feet (150m) for airports above an elevation of 6,560 feet (2,000m). 4/ For approaches with visibility less than ½-statue mile, the separation distance increases to 500 feet (150m) plus required OFZ elevation adjustment. 5/ For approaches with visibility down to ½-statue mile, the separation distance increases to 500 feet (150m) plus elevation adjustment. For approaches with visibility less than ½-statue mile, the separation distance increases to 550 feet (168m) plus required O