Type Certification

Appendix 1, page A1-1 03/06/2017 Appendix 1, page A1-1 10/20/2023 Appendix 1, page A1-2 & A1-3 03/06/2017 Appendix 1, A1-2 10/20/2023 Appendix 1, page A1-4 03/28/07 Deleted n/a Appendix 1, page A1-5 12/20/2011 Deleted n/a Appendix 1, page A1-15 03/28/07 Deleted n/a Appendix 2 10/26/05 Deleted n/a Appendix 4 10/26/05 Deleted n/a Appendix 5 10/26/05 Deleted n/a Appendix 6, Pages A6-1 thru A1-4 10/26/05 Appendix 6, pages A6-1 thru A6-3 10/20/2023 Appendix 7 10/28/06 Deleted n/a Appendix 8 10/26/05 Deleted n/a Appendix 9 03/06/2017 Deleted n/a Appendix 10, page A10-1 03/06/2017 Appendix 10, page A10-1 10/20/2023 Appendix 10, page A10-2 10/26/05 Appendix 10, A10-2 10/20/2023 Appendix 10, page A10-3 (and A10-4) 10/26/05 Appendix 10, A10-3 10/20/2023 Appendix 13, page A13-1 03/06/2017 Appendix 13, page A13-1 10/20/2023 Directives Feedback Information page 03/06/2017 Directives Feedback Information page 10/20/2023 Digitally signed by MICHAEL J MICHAEL J KASZYCKI KASZYCKI Date: 2023.10.20 16:20:50 -07'00' Daniel J. Elgas Director, Policy and Standards Division Aircraft Certification Service 5 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Effective Date: National Policy 03/06/2017 SUBJ: Type Certification 1. Purpose. This change transmits revised pages to Order 8110.4C, Type Certification. This change is issued to remove outdated forms and the corresponding instructions for Type Certificates (TCs), Supplemental Type Certificates (STCs), Type Inspection Authorization (TIAs), and Type Inspection Reports (TIRs). All of these forms are now available at https://employees.faa.gov/tools_resources/forms. In addition, this change removes policy related to procedures for non-technical standard order (TSO) function data submitted with an application for TSO authorization (TSOA). This policy is now available in the FAA Order 8150.1, Technical Standard Order Program. This change also includes several revisions to policy and procedures throughout the whole order necessary to keep affected topics up to date. 2. Who this change affects. The Washington headquarters branch level of the Aircraft Certification Service; branch levels of the aircraft certification directorates; and all certification field offices. 3. Effective Date. The provisions of this change for this directive become effective on the date of signature. 4. Where to Find This Order. You can find this order at the MYFAA Employee website (https://employees.faa.gov/tools_resources/orders_notices) and at the Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL) website (http://rgl.faa.gov). 5. Disposition of Transmittal. Retain this transmittal sheet until this directive is cancelled by a new directive. Susan J. M. Cabler Acting Manager, Design, Manufacturing, & Airworthiness Division Aircraft Certification Service ORDER 8110.4C CHG 6 CHANGE 03/06/2017 8110.4C Chg. 6 Page 2 PAGE CHANGE CONTROL CHART Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated i (and ii) 10/26/2005 i (and ii) 03/06/2017 iii 03/28/2007 iii 03/06/2017 iv 10/26/2005 iv 03/06/2017 v 12/20/2011 v 03/06/2017 vi 12/20/2011 vi 03/06/2017 vii 12/20/2011 vii 03/06/2017 7 12/20/2011 7 03/06/2017 14 03/28/2007 14 03/06/2017 15 03/28/2007 15 03/06/2017 16 10/26/2005 16 03/06/2017 23 12/20/2011 23 03/06/2017 39 12/20/2011 39 03/06/2017 47 03/28/2007 47 03/06/2017 49 10/26/2005 49 03/06/2017 50 10/26/2005 50 03/06/2017 51 10/26/2005 51 03/06/2017 57 10/26/2005 57 03/06/2017 58 10/26/2005 58 03/06/2017 59 10/26/2005 59 03/06/2017 60 10/26/2005 60 03/06/2017 61 03/28/2007 61 03/06/2017 62 10/26/2005 None 63 10/26/2005 None 64 10/26/2005 None 65 12/20/2011 65 03/06/2017 66 10/26/2005 66 03/06/2017 67 10/26/2005 67 03/06/2017 68 10/26/2005 68 03/06/2017 69 10/26/2005 None 70 12/20/2011 70 03/06/2017 71 03/28/2007 71 03/06/2017 77 10/26/2005 77 03/06/2017 78 10/26/2005 78 03/06/2017 79 10/26/2005 79 03/06/2017 80 10/26/2005 80 03/06/2017 81 10/26/2005 81 03/06/2017 82 10/26/2005 82 03/06/2017 83 10/26/2005 83 03/06/2017 84 10/26/2005 84 03/06/2017 85(and 86) 10/26/2005 85 03/06/2017 90 03/28/2007 90 03/06/2017 03/06/2017 8110.4C Chg. 6 Page 3 Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated 91 03/28/2007 91 03/06/2017 92 12/20/2011 92 03/06/2017 93 10/26/2005 93 03/06/2017 94 10/26/2005 94 03/06/2017 95 03/28/2007 95 03/06/2017 97 03/28/2007 97 03/06/2017 98 10/26/2005 98 03/06/2017 99 10/26/2005 99 03/06/2017 100 3/28/2007 None 101 3/28/2007 None 102 10/26/2005 None 104 10/26/2005 104 03/06/2017 112 10/26/2005 112 03/06/2017 121 03/28/2007 121 03/06/2017 129 03/28/2007 129 03/06/2017 130 03/28/2007 130 03/06/2017 131 10/26/2005 131 03/06/2017 134 08/14/2008 134 03/06/2017 138 03/24/2011 138 03/06/2017 139 03/24/2011 None 140 03/24/2011 None 141 03/24/2011 None 142 03/24/2011 None 143 03/24/2011 None 150 03/15/2010 150 03/06/2017 Appendix 1, pages A1- 1 thru A1-3 03/28/2007 Appendix 1, pages A1-1 and A1-2. 03/06/2017 Appendix 2, pages A2- 1 thru A2-8 10/26/2005 None Appendix 3 10/26/2005 Appendix 3 03/06/2017 Appendix 9 10/26/2005 Appendix 9 03/06/2017 Appendix 10, page A10-1 Appendix 10, page A10-1 03/06/2017 Appendix 12 03/24/2011 None Appendix 13 12/20/2011 Appendix 13 03/06/2017 Appendix 16 03/15/2010 None Directive Feedback Information 12/10/2011 Directive Feedback Information 03/06/2017 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Effective Date: National Policy 12/20/2011 SUBJ: Type Certification 1. Purpose. This change transmits revised pages to Order 8110.4C, Type Certification. This change is issued to remove procedures and forms related to the notification process used when initiating type certification projects, for the determination of directorate involvement, and for aircraft certification office (ACO) to ACO coordination. The revised certification project notification (CPN), directorate involvement determination, and ACO to ACO coordination procedures are now published in Order 8110.115, Certification Project Initiation and Certification Project Notification. This change also introduces a requirement for ACOs to submit updated Type Certificate Data Sheets (TCDSs) for posting on the RGL website no later than 30 calendar days after TC transfer to a new TC holder. And finally, this change also includes a corrected title for figures 1 and 7 of appendix 2. 2. Who this change affects. Washington headquarters branch level of the Aircraft Certification Service; branch levels of the aircraft certification directorates; and all certification field offices. 3. Effective Date. The provisions of this change for this directive become effective on the date of signature. 4. Where to Find This Order. You can find this order at MYFAA Employee website: https://employees.faa.gov/tools_resources/orders_notices and on the Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL) website: http://rgl.faa.gov. 5. Disposition of Transmittal. Retain this transmittal sheet until this directive is canceled by a new directive. ORDER 8110.4C CHG 5 CHANGE 12/20/2011 8110.4C Chg. 5 Page ii PAGE CHANGE CONTROL CHART Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated v 03/24/11 v 12/16/2011 vi 03/24/11 vi 12/16/2011 6 03/28/07 6 12/16/2011 7 03/28/07 7 12/16/2011 23 10/26/05 23 12/16/2011 24 10/26/05 24 12/16/2011 25 10/26/05 25 12/16/2011 26 10/26/05 26 Blank page 12/16/2011 65 10/26/05 65 12/16/2011 70 10/26/05 70 12/16/2011 92 10/26/05 92 12/16/2011 96 03/28/07 96 12/16/2011 Appendix 1, pages A1-4 thru A1-13 03/28/07 None Appendix 1, page A1-14 03/28/07 Appendix 1,A1-4 12/16/2011 Appendix 2, page A2-1 10/26/05 Appendix 2, page A2-1 12/16/2011 Appendix 2, pages A2-11 and A2-12 10/26/05 Appendix 2, pages A2-11 and A2-12 12/16/2011 Appendix 13, page A13-1 12/16/2011 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Effective Date: National Policy 03/24/2011 SUBJ: Type Certification 1. Purpose. This change transmits revised pages to Order 8110.4c, Type Certification. This change is issued to remove procedures related to the issue paper process and the development of Equivalent Levels of Safety (ELOS) memorandums. The revised issue paper procedures are now published in Order 8110.112, Standardized Procedures for Usage of Issue Papers and Development of Equivalent Levels of Safety Memorandums. In addition, this change is issued to introduce revised policy related to procedures for non-technical standard order (TSO) function data submitted with an application for TSO authorization (TSOA). Note that this revised policy cancels the policy as published in paragraph 6-9 of change 3 to Order 8110.4c, dated 03/15/2010, and the new policy in paragraph 6-9 of change 4 is now in effect. In addition, this change adds a requirement to coordinate with AIR-100 when approvals are sought under the authority of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) §21.8(d). 2. Who this change affects. Branch levels of the aircraft certification directorates and all certification field offices. 3. Effective Date. The provisions of this change for this directive become effective on the date of signature. 4. Where to Find This Order. You can find this order at MYFAA Employee website: https://employees.faa .gov/tools resources/orders notices and on the Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL) website: http://rgl.faa.gov. 5. Disposition of Transmittal. Retain this transmittal sheet until the directive is canceled by a new directive. CHANGE ORDER 8110.4C CHG 4 03/24/2011 8110.4C Chg. 4 Page ii PAGECHANGECONTROLCHART Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated V 03/15/10 V 03/24/11 Vl 10/26/05 VI 03/24/11 Vll 03/15/10 5 10/26/05 5 03/24/11 30 10/26/05 30 03/24/11 32 10/26/05 32 03/24/11 35 03/28/07 35 03/24/11 138 03/15/10 138 03/24/11 139 03/15/10 139 03/24/11 140 03/15/10 140 03/24/11 141 03/15/10 141 03/24/11 142 03/15/10 142 03/24/11 Appendix 12, pages Al2-1 thru A12-10 10/26/05 Appendix 12, pages A12-1 and A12-2 03/24/11 Appendix 13, pages AI3-1 thru AI3-10 10/26/05 Appendix 14, pages Al4-1 thru A14-4 10/26/05 Appendix 15, pages A15-l and A15-2 03/28/07 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Effective Date: National Policy 03/15/2010 SUBJ: Type Certification 1. Purpose. This change transmits revised pages to Order 8110.4C, Type Certification. This change is issued to introduce policy related to the approval procedures for non-TSO function data submitted with an application for TSO authorization. The Chapter 7 pages (144-155) are included in this change because of pagination issues, but the text of those pages is not changed. 2. Who this change affects. Branch levels of the regional aircraft certification directorates and all aircraft certification field offices. 3. Effective Date. The provisions of this change for this directive become effective on the date of signature. 4. Disposition of Transmittal. Retain this transmittal sheet until the directive is canceled by a new directive. PAGE CHANGE CONTROL CHART Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated v 08/14/08 v 03/15/10 vii 03/28/07 vii 03/15/10 1 08/14/08 138 03/15/10 139 03/15/10 140 03/15/10 141 03/15/10 142 03/15/10 143 03/15/10 1 10/26/05 144 03/15/10 1 03/28/07 145 03/15/10 1 10/26/05 146 03/15/10 1 10/26/05 147 03/15/10 1 10/26/05 148 03/15/10 1 10/26/05 149 03/15/10 1 10/26/05 150 03/15/10 1 03/28/07 151 03/15/10 1 03/28/07 152 03/15/10 ORDER #8110.4C CHG 3 CHANG 152 03/28/07 153 03/15/10 153 03/28/07 154 03/15/10 154 03/28/07 155 03/15/10 Appendix 16, page 1 03/15/10 Appendix 16, page 2 03/15/10 David W. Hempe Manager Aircraft Engineering Division Division U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION DMINISTRATION National Policy Effective Date: 08/14/08 SUBJ: Type Certification 1. Purpose. This change transmits revised pages to Order 8110.4C, Type Certification. This change is issued to clarify policy found in chapter 6, paragraph 6-6, Type Certification of Surplus Military Aircraft, 14 CFR § 21.27. 2. Who this change affects. Branch levels of the regional aircraft certification directorates and all aircraft certification field offices. 3. Effective Date. The provisions of changes for this directive become effective on the date of signature. 4. Disposition of Transmittal. Retain this transmittal sheet until the directive is canceled by a new directive. PAGE CHANGE CONTROL CHART Remove Dated Insert Pages Dated v 03/28/07 v 08/14/08 134 03/28/07 134 08/14/08 135 03/28/07 135 08/14/08 136 03/28/07 136 08/14/08 137 03/28/07 137 08/14/08 138 03/28/07 138 08/14/08 /S/ David W. Hempe Manager, Aircraft Engineering Division, AIR-100 Distribution: Electronic Distribution Initiated by: AIR-110 8110.4C CHG 2 CHANGE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION DMINISTRATION National Policy Effective Date: 03/28/07 SUBJ: Type Certification 1. Purpose. This change transmits revised pages to Order 8110.4C, Type Certification. This change is issued to – a. Revise parts of the order related to the equivalent level of safety (ELOS) coordination memorandum between the project ACO and the accountable directorate and introduce appendix 15 which contains the ELOS memorandum template. b. Revise parts of the order related to the Certification Project Notification Form, continued airworthiness, major and minor changes in type design, concurrent testing, ACO to ACO coordination, restricted category, and other items. c. Update references to FAA Order 1270.1, Freedom of Information Act Program and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). 2. Who this change affects. Branch levels of the regional aircraft certification directorates and all aircraft certification field offices. 3. Effective Date. The provisions of this change for this directive become effective 6 months from the date of signature. 4. Disposition of Transmittal. Retain this transmittal sheet until the directive is canceled by a new directive. PAGE CHANGE CONTROL CHART Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated iii 10/26/05 iii 03/28/07 iv 10/26/05 iv 10/26/05 v 10/26/05 v 03/28/07 vi 10/26/05 vi 10/26/05 vii (and viii) 10/26/05 vii (and viii) 03/28/07 5 10/26/05 5 10/26/05 Distribution: A-W(IR/FS/EE)-3; A-X (CD/FS)-3; A-FFS-5,7(LTD), A-FFS-10; Initiated by: AIR-110 A-FAC-0(LTD); A-FFS-10(LTD) ; AMA-220 (50 copies); AMA-250 (20 copies) AFS-600 (10 copies); AEU-100 (5 copies) 8110.4C CHG 1 CHANGE Page ii PAGE CHANGE CONTROL CHART (Continued) Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated 6 10/26/05 6 03/28/07 8 10/26/05 8 03/28/07 13 10/26/05 13 10/26/05 14 10/26/05 14 03/28/07 15 10/26/05 15 03/28/07 16 10/26/05 16 10/26/05 17 10/26/05 17 03/28/07 18 10/26/05 18 10/26/05 29 10/26/05 29 03/28/07 30 10/26/05 30 10/26/05 35 10/26/05 35 03/28/07 36 10/26/05 36 03/28/07 37 10/26/05 37 03/28/07 38 10/26/05 38 03/28/07 39 10/26/05 39 03/28/07 40 10/26/05 40 10/26/05 41 10/26/05 41 10/26/05 42 10/26/05 42 03/28/07 43 10/26/05 43 10/26/05 44 10/26/05 44 03/28/07 45 10/26/05 45 03/28/07 46 10/26/05 46 10/26/05 47 10/26/05 47 03/28/07 48 10/26/05 48 03/28/07 51 10/26/05 51 10/26/05 52 10/26/05 52 03/28/07 61 10/26/05 61 03/28/07 62 10/26/05 62 10/26/05 71 10/26/05 71 03/28/07 72 10/26/05 72 10/26/05 73 10/26/05 73 10/26/05 74 10/26/05 74 03/28/07 75 10/26/05 75 03/28/07 76 10/26/05 76 10/26/05 87 10/26/05 87 03/28/07 88 10/26/05 88 03/28/07 89 10/26/05 89 03/28/07 90 10/26/05 90 03/28/07 Page iii PAGE CHANGE CONTROL CHART (Continued) Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated 91 10/26/05 91 03/28/07 92 10/26/05 92 10/26/05 95 10/26/05 95 03/28/07 96 10/26/05 96 03/28/07 97 10/26/05 97 03/28/07 98 10/26/05 98 10/26/05 99 10/26/05 99 10/26/05 100 10/26/05 100 03/28/07 101 10/26/05 101 03/28/07 102 10/26/05 102 10/26/05 107 10/26/05 107 03/28/07 108 10/26/05 108 10/26/05 115 10/26/05 115 10/26/05 116 10/26/05 116 03/28/07 121 10/26/05 121 03/28/07 122 10/26/05 122 03/28/07 127 10/26/05 127 03/28/07 128 10/26/05 128 03/28/07 129 thru 130 10/26/05 129 03/28/07 N/A 10/26/05 130 03/28/07 133 10/26/05 133 03/28/07 134 10/26/05 134 03/28/07 135 10/26/05 135 03/28/07 136 10/26/05 136 03/28/07 137 10/26/05 137 03/28/07 138 10/26/05 138 03/28/07 139 10/26/05 139 03/28/07 140 10/26/05 140 03/28/07 141 (and 142) 10/26/05 141 (and 142) 03/28/07 143 10/26/05 143 10/26/05 144 10/26/05 144 03/28/07 149 10/26/05 149 10/26/05 150 10/26/05 150 03/28/07 151 10/26/05 151 03/28/07 152 10/26/05 152 03/28/07 153 10/26/05 153 03/28/07 154 10/26/05 154 03/28/07 Page iv PAGE CHANGE CONTROL CHART (Continued) /s/ David W. Hempe Manager, Aircraft Engineering Division, AIR-100 Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated A1-3 10/26/05 A1-3 10/26/05 A1-4 10/26/05 A1-4 03/28/07 A1-5 10/26/05 A1-5 03/28/07 A1-6 10/26/05 A1-6 03/28/07 A1-7 10/26/05 A1-7 03/28/07 A1-8 10/26/05 A1-8 03/28/07 A1-9 10/26/05 A1-9 03/28/07 A1-10 10/26/05 A1-10 03/28/07 N/A N/A A1-11 03/28/07 A1-11 10/26/05 A1-12 03/28/07 A1-12 10/26/05 A1-13 03/28/07 A1-13 10/26/05 A1-14 03/28/07 A1-14 10/26/05 A1-15 (and A1-16) 03/28/07 A2-5 10/26/05 A2-5 10/26/05 A2-6 10/26/05 A2-6 03/28/07 A2-7 10/26/05 A2-7 03/28/07 A2-8 10/26/05 A2-8 10/26/05 A7-1 (and A7-2) 10/26/05 A7-1 (and A7-2) 03/28/07 A12-5 10/26/05 A12-5 03/28/07 A12-6 10/26/05 A12-6 03/28/07 A12-7 10/26/05 A12-7 03/28/07 A12-8 10/26/05 A12-8 03/28/07 A12-9 (and A12-10) 10/26/05 A12-9 (and A12-10) 03/28/07 N/A 10/26/05 A15-1 and A15-2 03/28/07 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg7 ORDER TYPE CERTIFICATION October 20, 2023 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Distribution: Electronic Initiated by: AIR-630 8110.4C Chg 7 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg. 7 Page ii FOREWORD This order sets procedures for evaluating and approving aircraft, engine, and propeller type design data and changes to approved type design data. It applies to Aircraft Certification Service personnel, Flight Standards Service personnel, and persons and organizations designated by the Administrator associated with the certification processes required by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations part 21. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Page iii Table of Contents Paragraph Page CHAPTER 1. GENERAL 1-1. Purpose .............................................................................................................................1 1-2. Distribution .......................................................................................................................1 1-3. Cancellation ......................................................................................................................1 1-4. Deviations .........................................................................................................................1 1-5. Explanations of Changes...................................................................................................1 1-6. Definitions.........................................................................................................................5 1-7. Background and Discussion ..............................................................................................8 1-8. Scope ...............................................................................................................................13 1-9. Related Publications........................................................................................................13 1-10. Records Management......................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 2. TYPE CERTIFICATION PROCESS 2-1. General ............................................................................................................................17 2-2. A Model of the Type Certification Process ....................................................................17 Figure 2-1. Typical Type Certification Process .............................................................18 Figure 2-2. Events in a Typical Type Certification Process ..........................................19 2-3. Conceptual Design ..........................................................................................................20 Figure 2-3. Tasks During the Conceptual Design Phase ...............................................20 2-4. Requirements Definition .................................................................................................22 Figure 2-4. Tasks During the Requirements Definition Phase ......................................22 Figure 2-5. Special Class Aircraft Guidance .................................................................31 Figure 2-6. Special Condition Process ...........................................................................34 2-5. Compliance Planning ......................................................................................................36 Figure 2-7. Tasks During the Compliance Planning Phase ........................................... 37 2-6. Implementation ...............................................................................................................41 Figure 2-8. Tasks During the Implementation Phase.....................................................41 Figure 2-9. Typical Type Certification Process, Implementation Phase .......................42 Figure 2-10. Implementation Phase – Compliance Data Generation Activities ............43 Figure 2-11. Implementation Phase – Compliance Substantiation Activities ...............47 Figure 2-12. Implementation Phase – Compliance Finding Activities ..........................50 2-7. Post-Certification Activities............................................................................................57 Figure 2-13. Tasks During the Post-Certification Activities Phase ...............................57 CHAPTER 3. TYPE CERTIFICATES 3-1. General ............................................................................................................................65 3-2. Type Certificate ..............................................................................................................65 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Table of Contents (Continued) Paragraph Page Page iv 3-3. Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) ...............................................................................70 3-4. Preparation of TCDS and Specifications for Printing ......................................................84 3-5. Changing a Specification Document to a TCDS..............................................................84 CHAPTER 4. CHANGES IN TYPE DESIGN 4-1. General ..............................................................................................................................87 4-2. Major and Minor Design Changes ....................................................................................87 4-3. Certification Basis for Changed Aviation Products ..........................................................87 4-4. Field Approvals .................................................................................................................88 4-5. Compliance Inspection......................................................................................................89 4-6. Experimental Certificate ...................................................................................................89 4-7. Revisions to Performance Data .........................................................................................90 4-8. Supplemental Type Inspection Report (STIR)..................................................................90 4-9. When Will the FAA Issues Supplemental Type Certificates (STCs)? ...............................90 4-10. When Will the FAA Not Issue an STC? ...........................................................................91 4-11. Technical Requirements for an STC .................................................................................91 4-12. Compatibility Examination ...............................................................................................92 4-13. Approved Model List (AML) STCs .................................................................................92 4-14. Non-Interference STCs .....................................................................................................93 4-15. STC Projects Involving Foreign-Registered Aircraft and Import Products ......................94 4-16. STC and Amended STC Applications ..............................................................................95 4-17. Establishing an STC Project .............................................................................................96 4-18. Establishing Certification Branch to Certification Branch Coordination .........................96 4-19. Preparing FAA Form 8110-2, Supplemental Type Certificate .........................................97 4-20. Certification Branch Report of STC .................................................................................97 4-21. Other Foreign STCs ..........................................................................................................97 4-22. FAA Validation of a CAA STC under Bilateral Agreements ...........................................98 4-23. Obtaining a Canadian STC by Validation of a U.S. STC .................................................98 CHAPTER 5. MANUFACTURING AND ENGINEERING RESPONSIBILITIES AND FUNCTIONS RELATIVE TO INSPECTION, TEST, AND FLIGHT TEST 5-1. General ............................................................................................................................103 5-2. FAA Aviation Safety Inspectors (Manufacturing Inspectors) ........................................103 5-3. Request for Conformity and Type Inspection Authorization..........................................103 5-4. Inspections Conducted Outside the District Office.........................................................108 5-5. Streamlined Conformity Inspection Notification Process...............................................108 5-6. Process Specification Review .........................................................................................113 5-7. Requests for Conformity Inspection from Foreign CAAs ..............................................116 5-8. Conformity Inspection Record Reporting .......................................................................116 5-9. Test Articles – General ...................................................................................................117 5-10. Witnessing Official Test .................................................................................................117 5-11. Structural Test Articles – Aircraft...................................................................................117 5-12. Prototype Flight Test Articles – Aircraft ........................................................................118 5-13. Endurance Test Articles – Engines and Propellers .........................................................118 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Table of Contents (Continued) Paragraph Page Page v 5-14. Teardown Inspection .......................................................................................................119 5-15. Ground Inspection – Aircraft ..........................................................................................120 5-16. Using Engineering Data .................................................................................................122 5-17. Airworthiness Certification of Prototype Products .........................................................123 5-18. Accounting for Engineering Changes .............................................................................124 5-19. Flight Test .......................................................................................................................124 5-20. Function and Reliability Testing .....................................................................................129 CHAPTER 6. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SELECTED TOPICS 6-1. Provisional Type Certificates (TCs) ...............................................................................131 6-2. Type Certification at Restricted Category, 14 CFR 21.25 ..............................................133 6-3. [RESERVED] .................................................................................................................134 6-4. [RESERVED] .................................................................................................................134 6-5. [RESERVED] .................................................................................................................134 6-6. Type Certification of Surplus Military Aircraft in Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, Commuter and Transport Categories, 14 CFR 21.27 .....................................................134 6-7. Multiple Airworthiness Certification, 14 CFR 21.187 ...................................................137 6-8. Aerial Dispensing of Liquids ..........................................................................................137 6-9. RESERVED ....................................................................................................................138 6-10. RESERVED....................................................................................................................138 CHAPTER 7. NOISE CERTIFICATION 7-1. Overview of Noise Certification Rules ...........................................................................144 7-2. Noise Certification Basis ................................................................................................144 7-3. Noise Control Act Finding ..............................................................................................144 7-4. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) ..................................................................145 7-5. Acceptable Means of Compliance ..................................................................................145 7-6. Witnessing Tests .............................................................................................................146 7-7. Correction Procedures Evaluation ..................................................................................147 7-8. Noise-Related Type Certification Requirements ............................................................148 7-9. Changes to the Type Design of an Aircraft.....................................................................149 7-10. Supplemental Type Certificates ......................................................................................149 7-11. Standard Airworthiness Certificates ...............................................................................150 7-12. Airworthiness Certificates for Restricted Category Aircraft ..........................................150 Figure 7-1. Type of FAA Approval Certain Aircraft Need to Meet 14 CFR Part 36 Noise Standards .............................................................................................................151 Figure 7-2. Criteria for Ensuring Design Changes to Stage 1, 2, 3,and 4 Subsonic Transport Category Large or Turbojet-Powered Airplanes Meet 14 CFR 36.7 Noise Standards ........................................................... 152, 153 Figure 7-3. Criteria for Ensuring Design Changes to Commuter Category and Propeller-Driven Small Airplanes Meet 14 CFR 36.9 Noise Standards .... 154 Figure 7-4. Criteria for Ensuring Design Changes to Helicopters Meet 14 CFR Part 36 Noise Standards ............................................................................155 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Table of Contents (Continued) Paragraph Page Page vi APPENDIX 1. FORMS AND GUIDANCE FOR CERTIFICATION PROJECTS..... A1-1 APPENDIX 2. RESERVED ............................................................................................... A2-1 APPENDIX 3. LIST OF FAA FORMS ............................................................................ A3-1 APPENDIX 4. RESERVED. .............................................................................................. A4-1 APPENDIX 5. RESERVED ............................................................................................... A5-1 APPENDIX 6. LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................ A6-1 APPENDIX 7. RESERVED ............................................................................................... A7-1 APPENDIX 8. RESERVED ............................................................................................... A8-1 APPENDIX 9. RESERVED ............................................................................................... A9-1 APPENDIX 10. DATA RETENTION ...................................................................................... A10-1 Figure 1. Project Records ................................................................................... A10- 1 Figure 2. Type Design and Substantiating Data ................................................. A10- 2 Figure 3. Working Papers .................................................................................. A10- 3 APPENDIX 11. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS REGULATIONS ................................................................................................................... A11-1 APPENDIX 12. RESERVED ............................................................................................. A12-1 APPENDIX 13. ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION ................................................ A13-1 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Par 1-1 Page 1 CHAPTER 1. GENERAL 1-1. PURPOSE. This order is for the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Aircraft Certification Service (AIR), Flight Standards Service (FS), and persons and organizations designated by the Administrator associated with the certification processes required by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 21. It prescribes the responsibilities and procedures the FAA must follow to certify new civil aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers, or changes thereto, as required by 14 CFR part 21. 1-2. DISTRIBUTION. This order is distributed to all offices of AIR, FS, the Office of Environment and Energy (AEE), the chief scientific and technical advisors, and to all designated engineering representatives (DER). 1-3. CANCELLATION. This order cancels Order 8110.4B, Type Certification Process, dated April 24, 2000. 1-4. DEVIATIONS. Adherence to the procedures in this order is essential for uniform administration of this directive material. The Policy and Standards Division (AIR-600) coordinates and dispositions any deviations. If a deviation from this directive becomes necessary, the FAA employee involved must ensure that the deviations are substantiated, documented, and concurred with by the appropriate supervisor. Submit deviations for review with recommendations to AIR-600. Title 28 of the United States Code (U.S.C.) § 2679 defines the limits of federal protection for FAA employees. 1-5. EXPLANATION OF CHANGES. This revision contains the following changes: a. Type, and Supplemental Type, Certificates. This revision adopts a longstanding practice for discussing type certificates. Now, the term “type certificate,” or “TC,” applies to the original TC, supplemental TCs, and amended TCs, unless otherwise specified. The reason for this follows: (1) U.S. Code. A supplemental type certificate (STC) is a type certificate for a change to an aircraft, engine, propeller, or appliance. This is established in 49 U.S.C. § 44704(b), which also states that an STC is issued with respect to the previously issued TC. Because an STC is a TC, it is issued using the same process of investigating and testing as called for in the basic type certification process. An STC approves major changes in type design made by persons other than the TC holder, or by the TC holder itself. (2) Regulation. Because an STC is a TC, 14 CFR part 21, Subpart B, Type Certificates, applies. Differences unique to STCs are listed in 14 CFR part 21, Subpart E, Supplemental Type Certificates. The requirements of 14 CFR part 21, Subpart D, Changes to Type Certificates, applies to STCs and TCs. (3) Directive. Within the scope of this order, the basic type certification process described in chapter 2 is to be followed for STCs and amendments to the TC that are deemed 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Page 2 Par 1-5 major changes in type design. Chapter 4 of this order provides material unique to STCs and differences from the basic type certification process described elsewhere in this order. a. Certification Plans, Certification Project Plans (CPP), and Project Specific Certification Plans (PSCP). This revised order corrects the non-standard use of terms that occurred as individual offices implemented Certification Process Improvement (CPI). The term certification plan remains (with little change) the applicant’s plan for showing compliance discussed in Order 8110.4B and other orders. However, instead of “strongly recommending” that applicants share this information with the FAA, it is now required. The CPP remains the certification branch’s high-level project management plan. This revision of Order 8110.4 still permits project managers to forego the use of the CPP form when they ensure the CPP data are included in the applicant’s planning material. New in this revision is the link between the certification plan, the CPP, and the PSCP. CPI introduced the PSCP as a certification plan that combines the applicant’s and FAA’s project planning information. Therefore, the PSCP = certification plan + CPP + details recommended in The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification. Also, this revision places greater emphasis on the evolutionary nature of the certification plan and PSCP. These are living documents subject to change and refinement as project events unfold. b. FAA Employees and Designees. Delegation often makes discussions of FAA duties ambiguous. In this revision, unless otherwise specified, any authorized person acting on behalf of the Administrator can perform FAA duties. When the actions of offices (such as certification branches and certificate management (CM) sections) or positions (such as engineer, flight test pilot, or CM section inspector) are described, their authorized designees can perform the actions, unless otherwise specified. In previous revisions, the phrase “and their designees” was often, but inconsistently, used to address delegation. c. Other Changes. (1) Paragraph 1-4 describes procedures for deviations to this order. (2) Paragraph 1-5 was paragraph 1-4. (3) Paragraph 1-6 lists definitions. (4) Paragraph 1-7 was paragraph 1-5. (5) Paragraph 1-8 describes the scope of this order. (6) Paragraph 1-9 lists related publications. (7) Paragraph 1-10 lists the records management provisions. (8) Paragraphs 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, and 2-7 reflect the five phases of the type certification process model. (9) Paragraph 2-3 removes references to applying for a STC. 10/26/05 8110.4C Par 1-5 Page 3 (10) Paragraph 2-7 includes information from paragraphs 5-18 and 5-19 from Order 8110.4B. (11) Paragraphs 2-10 thru 2-17 from Order 8110.4B have been incorporated into the above listed paragraphs in chapter 2. (12) Paragraph 3-2 clarifies the different reasons for canceling a TC. (13) Paragraph 3-3 updates the type certificate data sheet (TCDS) requirements for each model aircraft. The paragraph also updates the production basis, equipment listing, and information on spare or surplus parts. (14) Paragraph 4-1 is modified to address the reorganization of the chapter in three groups or sets. The first grouping includes items that are either general to product modifications, or that apply to more than just the STC process. The second grouping consists of sections describing FAA STC procedural considerations. And the third grouping includes sections providing procedural instructions unique to an STC project. (15) Paragraph 4-2 classifies major and minor design changes. (16) Paragraph 4-3 addresses the certification basis for changed aviation products. (17) Paragraph 4-4 addresses field approvals. (18) Paragraph 4-5 addresses compliance inspections. (19) Paragraph 4-6 addresses experimental certificates. (20) Paragraph 4-7 addresses revisions to performance data. (21) Paragraph 4-8 was paragraph 5-20 and addresses supplemental type inspection report (STIR). (22) Paragraph 4-9 discusses conditions when the FAA will issue STCs. (23) Paragraph 4-10 discusses conditions when the FAA will not issue an STC. (24) Paragraph 4-11 addresses technical requirements for an STC. (25) Paragraph 4-12 addresses compatibility examination. (26) Paragraph 4-13 addresses approved model list (AML) STCs. (27) Paragraph 4-14 addresses non-interference STCs. (28) Paragraph 4-15 addresses STC projects involving foreign-registered aircraft and import products. (29) Paragraph 4-16 addresses STC and amended STC applications. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Page 4 Par 1-5 (30) Paragraph 4-17 addresses the establishment of an STC project. (31) Paragraph 4-18 addresses certification branch to certification branch coordination. (32) Paragraph 4-19 was paragraph 4-4. (33) Paragraph 4-20 was paragraph 4-6. (34) Paragraph 4-21 was paragraph 4-8. (35) Paragraph 4-22 addresses the FAA validation of a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) STC under bilateral agreements. (36) Paragraph 4-23 addresses how to obtain a Canadian STC by validation of a U.S. STC. (37) Paragraph 5-1 was subparagraph 5-1, General. (38) Paragraph 5-2 was subparagraphs 5-1b and 5-1c. (39) Paragraph 5-3 was paragraph 5-2, except for 5-2e, Conformity Discrepancies. Old paragraph 5-2e is now 5-5f. (40) Paragraph 5-4 was paragraph 5-15. (41) Paragraph 5-5 introduces the streamlined conformity inspection notification process. (42) Paragraph 5-6 was paragraph 5-3, but with a more accurate title. (43) Paragraph 5-7 was paragraph 5-16. (44) Paragraph 5-8 was paragraph 5-17. (45) Paragraph 5-9 was paragraph 5-4. (46) Paragraph 5-10 was paragraph 5-5. (47) Paragraph 5-11 was paragraph 5-6. (48) Paragraph 5-12 was paragraph 5-7. (49) Paragraph 5-13 was paragraph 5-8. (50) Paragraph 5-14 was paragraph 5-9. (51) Paragraph 5-15 was paragraph 5-11. (52) Paragraph 5-16 was paragraph 5-10. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Par 1-5 Page 5 (53) Paragraph 5-17 was paragraph 5-12. (54) Paragraph 5-18 was paragraph 5-13. (55) Paragraph 5-19 was paragraph 6-4 but has been revised due to issuance of revised FAA Order 8110.41, Aircraft Certification Service FAA Flight Test Responsibilities, Procedures, and Training. (56) Paragraph 5-20 was paragraph 5-14. (57) Paragraph 6-1 addresses provisional TCs. (58) Paragraphs 6-2 through 6-6 were paragraphs 6-1 and 6-2. (59) Paragraph 6-7 addresses multiple airworthiness certification, 14 CFR 21.187. (60) Paragraph 6-8 addresses procedures for approving aerial dispensing of liquids. (61) Chapter 7 was created to capture all 14 CFR part 36 (noise) requirements. These requirements were in paragraph 6-3. (62) Appendix 1 incorporates numerous revised forms and guidance for establishing certification projects. 1-6. DEFINITIONS. a. Amended TC - an approval for a change to a TC, made by the TC holder. Only the holder of the TC may apply for an amended TC. b. Certificate Management Certification Branch (CMCB). The certification branch managing the product's TC. The CMCB can assist with aspects unique to a TC to support design changes, major repairs, and alterations. c. Certification Plan - the applicant's intended means for showing that a product complies with the applicable regulations. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Page 6 Par 1-6 d. Certification Process Improvement (CPI) – an initiative to improve safety by fostering better communications, project management, and accountability between design approval applicants and the FAA, set forth by a job aid titled The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification. e. Certification Project Notification (CPN) – the process (see Order 8110.115, Certification Project Initiation and Certification Project Notification) used by the project manager to notify AIR-600, the aircraft evaluation division (AED), and the CMCB of a new certification or type validation project. AIR-600, the AED and the CMCB also use the CPN process to provide comments to the project certification branch (PCB) and to specify their level of involvement in the project. f. Certification Project Plan (CPP) – a living document used to coordinate schedules, responsibilities, and personnel resources between AIR-600 and the PCB. g. Designees – a non-FAA person appointed by the FAA in accordance with 14 CFR part 183, Subpart A. This person has been delegated the responsibilities of a FAA manufacturing inspector, engineer, or test pilot. Designees may be authorized to perform the functions listed in 14 CFR part 183, Subpart C. h. Field Approval – a method by which FAA approves technical data used to accomplish a major repair or a major alteration on a single aircraft, provided the repair or alteration is not classified as a major change in type design. An FAA inspector’s signature in Block 3 of an FAA Form 337, Major Repair and Alteration, approves the data referenced on the form. i. Flight Test – for the purpose of this order, any ground or flight test performed on the product test article that is controlled or evaluated by FAA flight test personnel (or their designees), in support of appropriately authorized official testing. j. Partnership for Safety Plan (PSP) – an agreement between a design approval applicant and the FAA describing how they will work together to certify and maintain integrity of the design approvals. k. Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA) – an FAA design and production approval to manufacture replacement and modification parts that comply with the regulations. See Order 8110.42, Parts Manufacturer Approval Procedures. l. Product – for type certification, an aircraft, an aircraft engine, or a propeller. The word product has other meanings in different contexts, such as export airworthiness approvals (see 14 CFR 21.1(b)). m. Production Certificate (PC) – an approval by the FAA to manufacture or alter a product after having shown compliance with an approved type design. The FAA issues a PC to a TC holder (this includes STC holders) or a license of a TC holder, who meets the requirements of §§ 21.135, 21.137, and 21.138. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Par 1-6 Page 7 n. Project Certification Branch (PCB) – the certification branch working a certification or validation project. The PCB may need to coordinate with the CMCB, if the project is a follow-up certification activity, such as an STC or PMA. o. Project Specific Certification Plan (PSCP) – an integrated planning and project management tool combining the information from the applicant’s certification plan, the FAA’s CPP, and other information recommended in The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification. p. Provisional Type Certificate – a time and operationally limited design approval that the FAA issues, upon request. Even though the FAA has not completed its findings of compliance to issue a TC, the FAA issues a provisional type certificate after the applicant has completed the necessary tests, analyses, and computations to show that the product complies with the applicable regulations. See 14 CFR part 21 subpart C. q. Significant Change – as defined in Order 8110.48, How to Establish the Certification Basis for Changed Aeronautical Products, a change to the TC is significant to the extent it changes one or more of the following: general configuration, principles of construction, or the assumptions used for certification. The change is not extensive enough to be considered a substantial change. See Order 8110.48 for more information. r. Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) – a TC that the FAA issues to an applicant who alters a product by introducing a major change in type design (as defined by § 21.93(a)). The STC process is essentially the same as the TC process; differences are discussed in chapter 4 below. (1) One-Only STC – a special case of limiting the change to a specific serial numbered aircraft, the FAA does not require the STC data to be sufficient for accurate reproducibility. (2) Multiple STC – any STC that is not “One-Only.” (3) Approved Model List (AML) STC – a special case of multiple STC using an AML to control installation eligibility, such that adding new make and model products does not require amendment of the STC. (4) Non-Interference STC – a special case of STC approving a product modification that provides a convenience or function that is not required by the applicable operating rules or airworthiness standards applicable to the aircraft’s intended operations. s. Type Certificate (TC) – a design approval issued by the FAA when the applicant demonstrates that a product complies with the applicable regulations. As defined by § 21.41, the TC includes the type design, the operating limitations, the TCDS, the applicable regulations, and other conditions or limitations prescribed by the Administrator. The TC is the foundation for other FAA approvals, including production and airworthiness approvals. t. Type Certification Board (TCB) – an FAA management team responsible for acquainting the applicant with the certification process, resolving significant problems, and establishing a schedule for the overall accomplishment of the type certification project. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Page 8 Par 1-7 u. Type Certification Board Meeting (TCBM) – any formal meeting between the TCB and the applicant to coordinate the move to the next project phase or resolve issues preventing progress to the next phase. Examples include preliminary, interim, pre-flight, and final TCBMs. v. Type Design – the engineering definition of a particular product. The type design consists of the following (see 14 CFR 21.31): (1) Drawings and specifications, (2) Dimensions, materials, and processes, (3) Airworthiness limitations, (4) (For primary category aircraft, if desired) A special inspection and preventive maintenance program designed to be accomplished by an appropriately rated and trained pilot- owner, and (5) Other data to describe the product design, and to determine the airworthiness, noise characteristics, fuel venting, and exhaust emissions (where applicable). w. Validation – as defined in Order 8110.52, Type Validation and Post-Type Validation Procedures, a special form of certification used to establish the compliance of an imported product to the importing state’s applicable airworthiness standards. See Order 8110.52 for additional information. 1-7. BACKGROUND AND DISCUSSION. a. Order 8110.4, Type Certification, is primarily written for internal use by the FAA, its designees, and delegated organizations. The order provides procedures and policy for the type certification of products. The office of primary responsibility for this order is the Organization and System Policy Branch (AIR-630). Unless stated otherwise, the type certification process in this order applies to all U.S. TCs, including amended TCs and STCs. b. Title 49 of the United States Code (49 USC) section 40101 and Subsequent. (1) 49 U.S.C. § 40101 and subsequent re-codifies the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. Title 49 U.S.C. § 44701 directs the FAA to promote safety of flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing and revising minimum standards. These standards set requirements for the design, materials, workmanship, construction, operation, and performance of aircraft, aircraft engines, and propellers. The Aircraft Certification Regulatory Program (ACRP) was developed to accomplish this mission. Appendix 11 of this order gives the history of aircraft airworthiness regulations. (2) As part of the ACRP, AIR administers the type certification program to determine compliance with the prescribed regulations and to ensure continued operational safety. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Pages 9-12 Par 1-7 These Pages Intentionally Left Blank 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Par 1-8 Page 13 1-8. SCOPE. a. Type certification, the subject of this order, is one way the FAA promotes safety of flight. Although the FAA is organized to focus on the various aspects of safety through separate internal organizations, these aspects are not independent. For example, before manufacturing a product, an applicant must have a design approval (that is, TC, STC, amended TC, amended STC) and a PC or other FAA production approval. Similarly, before manufacturing a component or spare part (for sale) the applicant must have a PMA or a TSO authorization. These approvals require concurrent work between the certification branch and CM section. This order focuses on the design approval process conducted by certification branches. It also addresses other aspects of safety, such as airworthiness (airworthiness certificates), manufacturing (production approval), maintenance, and operations (continued airworthiness) as they relate to design approval (type certification). For a more complete understanding of aircraft certification, see the related material listed on the FAA web page and particularly the FAA orders listed in paragraph 1-9, Related Publications, below. b. The experienced applicant recognizes value in addressing various safety aspects in a unified, coordinated approach. The FAA encourages applicants to develop a plan for working with their geographic certification branch that considers all safety aspects. Find guidance on developing such a plan, known as the Partnership for Safety Plan (PSP), in The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification (www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/media/CPI_guide_II.pdf). This plan: (1) Is a tool that helps determine how much attention the various safety aspects warrant and helps the FAA establish priorities that best promote safety, (2) Addresses the unique characteristics of the applicant’s affiliation with the FAA, (3) Remains independent of specific projects, (4) Identifies expectations and develops specific interface procedures between the applicant and the FAA, within the limits of FAA regulations and policy, and (5) Helps the FAA build a constructive relationship with the applicant, including how the FAA and the applicant hold each other accountable. c. Although The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification is broader in scope than this order, we mention it because its principles and tools are intended to improve the efficiency of the type certification process described here. 1-9. RELATED PUBLICATIONS. a. FAA Manual IR-04-01, Records Management Requirement Manual b. FAA Orders. (1) FAA Order 1050.1, Policies and Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts 03/06/2017 8110.4C Chg 6 Page 14 Par 1-9 (2) FAA Order 1270.1, Freedom of Information Act Program. (FOIA) (3) FAA Order 1350.14, Records Management (4) FAA Order 4040.26, Aircraft Certification Service Flight Risk Management Program (5) FAA Order JO 7110.65, Air Traffic Control (6) FAA Order 8000.79, Use of Electronic Technology and Storage of Data (7) FAA Order 8000.95, Designee Management Policy (8) FAA Order 8100.5, Aircraft Certification Service – Mission, Vision, Organizational Structure and Functions (9) FAA Order 8100.8, Designee Management Handbook (10) FAA Order 8100.11, Requirements for Finding Undue Burden and No Undue Burden Under 14 CFR Part 21 (11) FAA Order 8110.37, Designated Engineering Representative (DER) Guidance Handbook (12) FAA Order 8110.42, Parts Manufacturer Approval Procedures (13) FAA Order 8110.48, How to Establish the Certification Basis for Changed Aeronautical Products (14) FAA Order 8110.49, Software Approval Guidelines (15) FAA Order 8110.52, Type Validation and Post-Type Validation Procedures (16) FAA Order 8110.54, Instructions for Continued Airworthiness Responsibilities, Requirements, and Contents (17) FAA Order 8110.56, Restricted Category Type Certification (18) FAA Order 8110.112, Standardized Procedures for Usage of Issue Papers and Development of Equivalent Levels of Safety Memorandums (19) FAA Order 8110.115, Certification Project Initiation and Certification Project Notification (20) FAA Order 8120.22, Production Approval Procedures 03/06/2017 8110.4C Chg 6 Par 1-9 Page 15 (21) FAA Order 8120.23, Certificate Management of Production Approval Holders (22) FAA Order 8130.2, Airworthiness Certification of Products and Articles (23) FAA Order 8150.1, Technical Standard Order Program (24) FAA Order 8300.16, Major Repair and Alteration Data Approval (25) FAA Order 8900.1, Flight Standards Information Management System (FSIMS) c. FAA Advisory Circulars (AC). (1) AC 20-135, Powerplant Installation and Propulsion System Component Fire Protection Test Methods, Standards, and Criteria (2) AC 20-166, Issue Paper Process (3) AC 21.17-1, Type Certification – Airships (4) AC 21.17-2, Type Certification-Fixed Wing Gliders (Sailplanes), Including Powered Gliders (5) AC 21.17-3, Type Certification of Very Light Airplanes Under FAR 21.17(b) (6) AC 21-23, Airworthiness Certification of Civil Aircraft, Engines, Propellers, and Related Products Imported into the United States (7) AC 21-24, Extending a Production Certificate to a Facility Located in a Bilateral Airworthiness Agreement Country (8) AC 21-40, Guide for Obtaining a Supplemental Type Certificate (9) AC 23-8, Flight Test Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes (10) AC 25-7, Flight Test Guide for Certification of Transport Category Airplanes (11) AC 25-19, Certification Maintenance Requirements (12) AC 25.571-1, Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Evaluation of Structure (13) AC 27-1, Certification of Normal Category Rotorcraft (14) AC 29-2, Certification of Transport Category Rotorcraft (15) AC 33-2, General Type Certification Guidelines for Turbine Engines (16) AC 36-4, Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification (17) AC 121-22, Maintenance Review Boards, Maintenance Type Boards, and OEM/TCH Recommended Maintenance Procedures 03/06/2017 8110.4C Chg 6 Page 16 Par 1-9 d. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) documents. (1) Burk, Sanger M. Jr., Summary of Design Considerations for Airplane Spin- Recovery Parachute Systems; NASA TN D-6866, August 1972. (2) Bradshaw, Charles F., A Spin-Recovery System for Light General Aviation Airplanes; NASA CP-2127, 14th Aerospace Mechanics Symposium, May 1980. (3) Stough, Paul H. III, A Summary of Spin-Recovery Parachute Experience on Light Airplanes; AIAA Paper Number 90-1317, AIAA/SFTE/DGLR/SETP Fifth Biannual Flight Test Conference, May 1990. 1-10. RECORDS MANAGEMENT. For guidance on keeping or disposing of records, see FAA Orders 0000.1, FAA Standard Subject Classification System; and 1350.14, Records Management, or see your office Records Management Officer or Directives Management Officer. 3/28/07 8110.4C Chg 1 Par 2-1 Page 17 CHAPTER 2. TYPE CERTIFICATION PROCESS 2-1. GENERAL. This chapter describes the process for U.S. applicants to obtain a U.S. TC for their product under 14 CFR 21.21. Follow Order 8110.52 when U.S. applicants seek foreign TCs and when non-U.S. applicants seek U.S. TCs. The process given in this chapter applies to the four kinds of TCs: TC, amended TC, STC, and amended STC. Some of the steps or procedures in this chapter may not apply to all certification projects because some of the steps or procedures may not be needed due to the design features of the proposed product or the design features of the proposed change to the product. However, if an official flight test was required, then all steps and procedures related to issuance and closure of a TIA are necessary and cannot be omitted. This chapter models the standard type certification process, describes responsibilities of the parties, and presents the administrative methods and tools FAA personnel use in conducting a type certification project. Processes unique to STCs are discussed in chapter 4. 2-2. A MODEL OF THE TYPE CERTIFICATION PROCESS. a. Description. The model presented in the following sections is a high-level flow diagram of the certification events that typically make up the life cycle of an aircraft. It is meant to explain the type certification process, not to dictate precisely how the project should flow. Certain assumptions and simplifications were made so that the model clearly shows the relationship of the various events and milestones. Although the model shows the proper sequence of events for certificating a product, the various aspects of the project generally progress through the process at different times and at different rates. It is useful to think of a project as multiple certification items worked to this model on individual but inter-related schedules. b. Applying the Model. Below are factors for the FAA and the applicant to consider while using this model to plan and manage the project. (1) At times, the model implies a transport category airplane intended for 14 CFR part 121 air carrier operations. However, the basic certification principles of the model apply to any FAA design approval project. (2) The scope, magnitude, and complexity of the project influence the relative importance of the events specified in the model. On less-demanding projects, events may be combined, conducted informally, or skipped all together. (3) Engineering design is an iterative process. Few projects will traverse the timeline directly from left to right. (4) Planners work with limited information. As the project progresses, keep plans flexible and revise as necessary. (5) Allocate lead-time for meeting the milestone. None are shown in the figure. c. Overview of a Typical Type Certification Process. The model divides the product’s type certification life cycle into phases based on The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification. Figure 2-1, Typical Type Certification Process, diagrams the flow of events through these phases. The numbers next to each event correspond to descriptive paragraphs for the event. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Page 18 Par 2-2 FIGURE 2-1. TYPICAL TYPE CERTIFICATION PROCESS 10/26/05 8110.4C Par 2-2 Page 19 d. Events Marking Each Phase. The events depicted in figure 2-1 are listed in figure 2-2 below and grouped by phase. Their paragraph numbers are on the right of each column. FIGURE 2-2. EVENTS IN A TYPICAL TYPE CERTIFICATION PROCESS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN Process Orientation...................................................2-3a Pre-Project Guidance ................................................2-3b Familiarization Briefing ...........................................2-3c Certification Plan ......................................................2-3d REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION Application for TC, Amended TC, and PC ............. 2-4a Establishment of TC Project .....................................2-4b Certification Project Notification (CPN) ..................2-4c Form the Certification Team (and TCB)...................2-4d Develop Certification Project Plan (CPP) ................2-4e The Preliminary TCB Meeting .................................2-4f Issue Paper................................................................2-4g Issues Book...............................................................2-4h The Project Specific Certification Plan (PSCP) ..................................................................................2-4i Certification Basis ....................................................2-4j Interim TCB Meeting for Certification Basis ...........2-4k COMPLIANCE PLANNING FAA Involvement .....................................................2-5a Oversight and Delegation .........................................2-5b Conformity for Engineering Purposes ......................2-5c Completed [Project Specific] Certification Plan ...........................................................................2-5d Interim TCB Meeting for [Project Specific] Certification Plan Agreement ...................................2-5e IMPLEMENTATION Conformity Inspections ........................................ 2-6b Applicant Test Plan and FAA Approval .............. 2-6c Before Witnessing Engineering and Flight Tests .......................................................... 2-6d Engineering Certification Tests ............................ 2-6e Engineering Compliance by Inspection ............... 2-6f Analysis ............................................................... 2-6g Experimental Airworthiness Certificate ............... 2-6h Applicant’s Flight Tests ....................................... 2-6i Compliance Substantiation – General .................. 2-6j Data Submitted for Approval ............................... 2-6k Applicant Flight Test Data and Report ................ 2-6l Compliance Reports ............................................. 2-6m FAA Review of Compliance Data ....................... 2-6n Review of Applicant’s Flight Test Results .......... 2-6o Flight Test Risk Management Process ................. 2-6p Pre-Flight TCB Meeting ...................................... 2-6q Type Inspection Authorization (TIA) .................. 2-6r Flight Test Conformity Inspection ....................... 2-6s Certification Flight Tests ..................................... 2-6t Operational and Maintenance Evaluations .......... 2-6u Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA) ............................................ 2-6v Function and Reliability (F&R) Flight Testing ............................................................................. 2-6w Aircraft Flight Manual ......................................... 2-6x Final TCB Meeting, Issuance of Type Certificate and Data Sheet .......................... 2-6y POST CERTIFICATION ACTIVITIES Certification Summary Report ............................. 2-7a Type Inspection Report (TIR) .............................. 2-7b Continued Airworthiness ..................................... 2-7c Changes to Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA) ............................................ 2-7d Post-Certification Evaluations ............................. 2-7e Data Retention ..................................................... 2-7f Required Documents ............................................ 2-7g 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Par 2-3 Page 20 2-3. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN. FIGURE 2-3. TASKS DURING THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PHASE a. Process Orientation [previously Familiarization TCBM]. An applicant seeking a TC approval is encouraged to contact the certification branch in their geographic area before submitting a TC application. During this initial contact, a certification branch project manager should discuss the type of requested approval with the applicant and assess the applicant’s knowledge of certification procedures. The project manager needs to conduct a process orientation for applicants who are unfamiliar with certification. The process orientation establishes a partnership with the applicant and provides an opportunity to develop an understanding of the type certification process as it applies to the applicant’s design. The orientation should explain the need for certification, the certification process, the FAA’s role, and the applicant’s responsibilities. For applicants choosing to implement the techniques and guidance described in The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification, this information becomes the foundation for the Partnership for Safety Plan (PSP). Depending on the applicant’s previous certification experience, the process orientation may be conducted by phone or in person. b. Pre-Project Guidance (Regulatory and Policy Discussions). The FAA requires a TC application before providing full access to the FAA resources necessary to complete a project. However, before this application, the FAA responds to the potential applicant’s questions about the FAA’s procedural and technical requirements that may arise after the applicant’s process orientation. The certification branch will first direct the potential applicant to appropriate regulatory, policy, and guidance material, then, at the certification branch’s discretion, involve itself directly. Further involvement may be necessary to determine how unique or novel a proposed design is, or to research past policy applications. However, expect potential applicants to educate themselves as much as possible on the certification process. Finally, encourage potential applicants to give the certification branch an initial familiarization briefing soon after they commit to applying for a TC. c. Familiarization Briefings give potential applicants an opportunity to describe their project to the certification branch before application. These briefings are intended for products the applicant is committed to bringing to market through type certification. The main purpose is to familiarize the FAA with the proposed design as it is currently known. Learning about projects before submittal of the application also allows the certification branch to consider FAA involvement and begin planning resources. Special emphasis should be placed on technical issues and unique or novel features. Beyond being briefed on the design features, expect to hear about the intended operation, major suppliers and unusual vendor relationships, reliance on approved equipment, project schedule, and reliance on designees or delegated organizations. Process Orientation ................................................................................ 2-3a Pre-Project Guidance ............................................................................. 2-3b Familiarization Briefing ........................................................................ 2-3c Certification Plan ................................................................................... 2-3d 10/26/05 8110.4C Par 2-3 Page 21 d. Certification Plan. All TC applicants are required to submit a certification plan to the FAA and to keep it current throughout the project. A certification plan addresses the information listed below. For simple projects, expect complete certification plans as part of the application package. For complex projects, portions of the information needed in the certification plan will not be known at the time of application. Expect the applicant to provide as much information as possible with the initial submittal and supply the rest as it becomes known. At the time of application, the extent and depth of the information in the certification plan should be sufficient to determine the feasibility of the applicant’s proposed schedule. When the certification plan does not give the FAA assurance to the applicant’s understanding of the scope and magnitude of the certification project, the FAA should reject the application and consider the need for another familiarization briefing. When the FAA accepts the application with an incomplete certification plan, the certification plan must be completed (see paragraph 2-5d of this order) and include the following information before entering the implementation phase: (1) General information including applicant identification, application date, model designation, and so forth. (2) A description of the proposed design or design change including sketches and schematics. (3) The intended regulatory operating environment (for example, 14 CFR parts 91, 121, and 137). This should identify the kinds of operations for which the product will be used, and the kind of program under which the product will be maintained. (4) The proposed certification basis including applicable regulation paragraphs and subparagraphs with amendment levels, exemptions, ELOS findings, and special conditions. (5) A description of how compliance will be shown (ground test, flight test, analysis, similarity, or other acceptable means of compliance). The description of the means of compliance should be sufficient to determine that all necessary FAA data will be collected, and all findings can be made. (6) A list of documentation that will be submitted to show compliance with the applicable certification basis, and how the applicant will ensure that all showings have been made. This can be accomplished using a compliance checklist addressing each section of the regulations applicable to the product. (7) A list of test articles to be used to generate compliance data. Identify any features or attributes for which special instructions to the manufacturing inspector will be necessary to ensure the test article meets the requirements of its tests (for example, dimensions at one or the other end of a tolerance band). (8) A description of how the continued operational safety requirements will be met after the TC is issued. (9) A project schedule including major milestones, such as preliminary hazard analysis submittal dates, substantiating data submittal dates, conformity and testing completion dates, and expected date of final certification. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg 7 Page 22 Par 2-4 NOTE: The applicant is responsible for meeting their milestones in the schedule contained in the certification plan. Any slippage in the milestone dates may result in a delay in the final certification. (10) Identification of all DERs intended for use in the certification project, their areas of authority, and whether they will be approving data or recommending approval of data. (11) Identification of all FAA delegation activity intended for use, their authorized function codes, and their proposed inspection activities. 2-4. REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION. FIGURE 2-4. TASKS DURING THE REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION PHASE a. Application for TC, Amended TC, and PC. According to 14 CFR part 21, any person may apply for a TC. Application is made on a form and in a manner prescribed by the Administrator, and is submitted to the geographic certification branch, which is also called the PCB. The applicant submits an application using FAA Form 8110-12, Application for Type Certificate, Production Certificate, or Supplemental Type Certificate (see appendix 1, figure 2 of this order). See chapter 4 of this order for STC application instructions. The application package must also include a certification plan according to paragraph 2-3d above, and the specific product information described below. Although certification plans are required at the time of application, the level of completeness will vary depending upon the project’s complexity and the applicant’s experience (see paragraph 2-3d of this order). (1) TC Application. An aircraft TC application must be accompanied by a three- view drawing of the aircraft and available basic data. An aircraft engine TC application must have a description of the engine design features, operating characteristics, and the proposed operating limitations. The applicant should complete blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 of the application in each of the following situations: Application for TC, Amended TC, and PC............................................ 2-4a Establishment of TC Project.................................................................. 2-4b Certification Project Notification (CPN) ............................................... 2-4c Form the Certification Team (and TCB) ............................................... 2-4d Develop Certification Project Plan (CPP) ............................................. 2-4e The Preliminary TCB Meeting .............................................................. 2-4f Issue Paper ............................................................................................. 2-4g Issues Book ............................................................................................ 2-4h The Project Specific Certification Plan (PSCP) .................................... 2-4i Certification Basis ................................................................................. 2-4j Interim TCB Meeting for Certification Basis ........................................ 2-4k 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg. 7 Par 2-4 Page 23 (a) When submitting a TC application for design approval of a new model aircraft (e.g., airplane, glider, rotorcraft, balloon, or airship), aircraft engine, or propeller (see §§ 21.15 and 21.19), or for extensions of time according to § 21.17(d); (b) When submitting an amended TC application for approval of a change in model designation, for adding new models before original issuance of the TC, and for approving a follow-on model after the initial issuance of the TC (see §§ 21.91 through 21.101) (the applicant must check Type Certificate in block 2, then, in block 4a, specify that the application is for an amendment and include the TC number; applicants may apply for any other amendments to the TC by a letter or other written notification); (c) When submitting an application for a provisional TC (class I or II) or changes to a provisional TC (class I or II) that is desired before the standard TC is issued (see §§ 21.75, 21.81, and 21.83); (d) When submitting an application for a provisional amendment to a TC for a follow-on model (see § 21.85); or (e) When submitting an application for a change in category to a type-certificated model. (2) PC Application. Application for a PC is made on FAA Form 8110-12 (refer to http://www.faa.gov/forms). Application for a PC may be made at the same time application is made for a TC, an amended TC, STC, or an Amended STC. However, the applicant cannot get a PC before a TC or STC is issued. The applicant must submit the application, accompanied by a document describing the organization in accordance with § 21.135 and one copy of their Quality Control (QC) procedures showing compliance with §21.137, to the manager of the CM section in which the applicant’s principal manufacturing facility is located (refer to Order 8120.22). b. The establishment of a TC Project. The certification branch assigns a project number, a project manager, and specialists as required. AIR-600 assigns a project officer to determine AIR-600 involvement. (1) Project Number. The certification branch or ODA holder assigns a project number to each certification project. See Appendix A of Order 8110.115 for numbering system details for FAA assigned project numbers. You must use the assigned project number in all correspondence, reports, and other documents pertaining to the project. If the project is either cancelled or closed before completion, then the certification branch must close or cancel the assigned project number within 90 days. (2) Assignments and Duties of the Project Manager. (a) The project manager is the assigned focal point in the certification branch who plans, reviews, evaluates, and coordinates all aspects of a certification project according to the CPP. When the project is small, generally involving a single certification branch engineer, the duties of project manager may be filled by that engineer. In this case, the engineer is called project engineer. For the purpose of this order, the term project manager includes project engineer. The applicant should be instructed to direct all project correspondence to the project manager at the certification branch where the application was submitted. See paragraph 2-4e of this order for further details on CPP development. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg. 7 Page 24 Par 2-4 (b) The project manager initiates the CPP and coordinates with the project officer and the CMCB, if necessary. The final CPP is not prepared until detailed roles and responsibilities are discussed with the applicant at the preliminary type certification board (preliminary TCB) meeting. (c) The project manager will identify the data required for the CPN as discussed in Order 8110.115. (d) The project manager establishes all projects requiring significant involvement by technical personnel. The project manager also coordinates with the appropriate certification branch, CM section, AED, and AIR-600 managers in selecting project team members. The project team normally consists of the following: 1 A project manager, 2 Engineers or technical specialists, 3 Flight test pilots and flight test engineers, 4 Manufacturing inspectors, 5 AED operations and airworthiness inspectors, and 6 A project officer and other persons at the discretion of AIR-600. NOTE: The certification project team is comprised of the individuals needed to conduct a certification project. A TCB is an FAA management team. The TCB is discussed further in paragraph 2-4d below. (e) The project manager sends an acknowledgment letter to the applicant identifying the project number, project manager’s name, office mailing address, telephone number, and electronic mail address. NOTE: Responses to applications can be sent by an electronic mail message, as well as a written response, to an applicant. The FAA policy on electronic records is found in Order 1370.81, Electronic Mail, Order 8000.79, Use of Electronic Technology and Storage of Data, and AIR Manual IR-04-01, Records Management Requirements Manual. (3) Assignments and Duties of Pilots and Engineers. Engineers and pilots are signed to fill the technical needs of the particular project. The engineer or pilot evaluates the adequacy of the type design and substantiation data related to their assigned disciplines. They have discretion to review any of these data, such as critical material process specifications. Engineers or pilots maintain appropriate oversight of their designees. They use available resources, for example, peers, designees, technical specialists, Chief Scientific and Technical Advisors (CSTA), policy staff, and management, to make sound and timely technical decisions. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg. 7 Par 2-4 Pages 25 Engineers and pilots contribute to the preparation of Type Inspection Authorizations (TIA), request conformity inspection, and coordinate with FAA inspectors and their designees. (4) Assignments and Duties of the Project Officer. The project officer is the focal point in AIR-600 for policy and is assigned to monitor a significant certification project according to the CPN. The project officer is responsible for ensuring that the project team is using current policy and guidance. The project officer also provides project-specific rules (for example, special conditions and exemptions) and policy (for example, acceptable means of compliance, ELOS, and certification basis) to the project team. The project officer works with the project manager to develop the CPP. c. Certification Project Notification (CPN). The PCB will notify electronically AIR-600, the AED, and the CMCB of a certification project initiation for each project by transmitting the required CPN data as shown in figure 1 of Order 8110.115. d. Form the Certification Team (and TCB). The FAA type certification team includes those FAA personnel needed to conduct the certification project and an FAA management team— the type certification board (TCB)—that oversees the project. A TCB is established only for projects of a certain magnitude. When a TCB is not necessary, the certification team manages the project and performs any functions of the TCB to the degree necessary. (1) Certification Team members are assigned to a project by their respective managers. However, the project manager plays a critical role in the formation of the certification team by coordinating with the appropriate managers to ensure proper technical representation on 12/20/2011 8110.4C Chg. 5 Page 26 Par 2-4 This Page Intentionally Left Blank 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg. 7 Par 2-4 Page 27 the team. These duties and the project team members are discussed as part of establishing a project. See paragraph 2-4b above. (2) Type Certification Board (TCB). (a) A TCB is established for the following: 1 Projects involving major changes to the type design, 2 Significant projects, 3 Aircraft and aircraft engine projects that involves new type certification, and 4 Variable pitch propeller projects. (b) The project manager coordinates with the cognizant AED manager when establishing the TCB membership. The AED manager provides the project manager with the names of the AED inspectors assigned to the TCB. The certification branch manager or representative serves as chairman of the TCB. The members of a TCB include: 1 The certification branch manager (or representative), 2 The AIR-600 project officer (for significant projects), 3 Project manager, and 4 Other members including the managers, supervisors, or senior personnel from the appropriate engineering disciplines, and flight test, manufacturing inspection, and assigned AED personnel. (3) Additional TCB Participants. The TCB may request other participants, such as those listed below, to join the certification team or participate on an advisory basis in the TCB meetings. (a) Certification branch engineers, flight test pilots, and manufacturing inspectors, (b) The Policy and Standards Division specialists, (c) CSTAs, (d) Additional AED and flight standards district office (FSDO) personnel, (e) The project officer from AIR-600 (if not serving as a board member), (f) Representatives of the CMCB, other certification branches, AIR-600, and (g) The applicant and its representatives. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg. 7 Page 28 Par 2-4 (4) TCB Functions. The TCB’s purpose is to acquaint the applicant and the FAA certification team with the certification project. They also identify and resolve significant problems, establish milestones and schedules for the overall accomplishment of the type certification project, review the applicant’s certification plan, review the proposed certification basis, and ensure all outstanding certification issues are resolved. The TCB establishes clear expectations and project assignments for the applicant and FAA certification team. When needed by the TCB, the project manager requests technical assistance or guidance for the project from AIR-600. Such a request should be made as far in advance as possible to facilitate work scheduling. (5) TCB Meetings (TCBM) (for example, preliminary, interim, pre-flight, final) are held with the applicant throughout the project. Some meetings may be combined, and some meetings may be duplicated or divided by discipline or system as necessary. The chairman convenes the TCB as necessary and notifies the appropriate representatives with the time, date, and location of the meetings. If the number of meetings is decreased or combined, or the meetings are divided by discipline or system, the TCB chairman is responsible for determining all elements of the process are addressed, integrated, and completed. Members, with concurrence of the chairman, may designate an alternate as their representative at TCB meetings. Members of the TCB should be familiar with the project during the development phases and in advance of TCB meetings. This practice ensures knowledgeable participants in the TCB meetings. Members participate in the specific periods of the TCB activity, as required by the project under consideration. It is not mandatory for members to participate in every meeting. (6) TCB agenda items and subsequent meeting minutes should be sent to the applicant. The meeting minutes should include the following information: (a) TCB meeting type: familiarization briefing, preliminary, interim, pre- flight, or final, (b) Manufacturer, (c) Model and project number, (d) Location and date of meeting, (e) Personnel present at meeting, (f) Purpose of meeting, (g) Discussion of agenda items, and (h) Specialty items: Major problems and actions to take. NOTE: Each item or subject discussed should be identified and summarized under a separate heading with the appropriate regulations referenced. These items should include a discussion, expectations, and a conclusion. Expectations should include action item assignments and a schedule for completing any action items. 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg. 7 Par 2-4 Page 29 Individuals participating in discussions should be identified by titles only. e. Develop Certification Project Plan (CPP). The CPP defines the working relationship between AIR-600 and the PCB for a specific type certification project. The CPP is the principal project coordination tool that the project manager updates throughout the project. The CPP sets the proposed project schedule as well as the resources and responsibilities to be allocated from both AIR-600 and the PCB to support the applicant’s schedule. Early commitment of FAA resources combined with a realistic project schedule will enable AIR-600 and the PCB to plan and direct their resources more effectively. The CPP represents our plan to support the applicant’s schedule. The project manager and project officer should follow the CPP in draft form until the project develops sufficiently for preparation of a final CPP. The project manager submits the CPP final plan through the certification branch manager to AIR-600 manager for approval. The applicant’s certification plan may take the place of the CPP when it includes all the information that should be in the CPP and is coordinated with the project officer. NOTE: The applicant’s certification plan and the CPP are combined to form the basis of the PSCP for those projects using the techniques and guidance from The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification. f. The Preliminary TCB Meeting is the initial formal meeting that establishes the basis for all integrated certification planning combining the interests of engineering, flight test, manufacturing, and maintenance and operations. Use this meeting to determine if the TCB and the applicant are adequately familiar with the various aspects of the project and to determine whether the project is mature enough to begin defining the requirements. Obtain mutual commitment to the issues and acceptance of the risks before proceeding into the requirements definition phase. This meeting should: (1) Update and further acquaint FAA personnel with the project, (2) Work toward establishing the certification basis, (3) Open discussion of design details and possible problem areas with specialists, (4) Identify areas needing the formation of special compliance teams to attain the earliest possible resolution of potential problems, (5) Identify novel or unique design features, materials, or processes, and (6) Establish a schedule for the certification project. NOTE: Developing the certification basis may require follow-up meetings between the certification branch and the applicant. If the certification basis cannot be established quickly and easily, consider re-assembling the certification team by scheduling an interim TCB meeting for finalizing the certification basis. g. Issue Paper. An issue paper provides a means for identifying and resolving significant technical, regulatory, and administrative issues occurring during the certification 10/20/2023 8110.4C Chg. 7 Page 30 Par 2-4 process. Issue papers are primarily intended to provide an overview of significant issues, a means of determining the status of issues, and a basis for a post-certification summary statement on how issues were resolved. See FAA Order 8110.112, Standardized Procedures for Usage of Issue Papers and Development of Equivalent Levels of Safety Memorandums, for detailed information regarding issue paper procedures, issue paper forms and templates, and a sample issue paper. h. Issues Book. The project manager assembles issue papers and publishes them in the form of an issues book for distribution to the TCB members, the project team members, the applicant, and AIR-600. The issues book may be revised to add new issue papers or update existing papers without holding a formal TCB meeting, provided that the new or updated issue paper can be coordinated through the applicant and TCB. i. The Project Specific Certification Plan (PSCP) is the primary project management tool for coordinating activities between the FAA and applicants choosing to implement the techniques and guidance described in The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification. The PSCP combines information from the applicant's certification plan and the FAA's CPP with additional project details to support an effective certif