PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK FLIGHT MANUAL - X-Aviation

Flight Load Factor Limits ................................................................................................................. 24 Utility Category.......................................................................................................................... 24 Kinds of Operation Limits and Pilot Requirements ............................................................. 24 Icing Conditions .................................................................................................................................... 24 Fuel Limitations .................................................................................................................................... 24 Other Limitations................................................................................................................................. 24 Altitude.......................................................................................................................................... 24 Flap Limitations......................................................................................................................... 24 Passenger Seating Capacity .............................................................................................. 24 Leading Edge Device .............................................................................................................. 24 SECTION 3 – NORMAL PROCEDURES INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 25 Indicated Airspeeds for Normal Operations .......................................................................... 25 NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECKLISTS......................................................................................................... 26 Preflight Inspection............................................................................................................................. 26 Before Starting Engine ..................................................................................................................... 29 Starting Cold Engine .......................................................................................................................... 30 Starting Hot Engine ............................................................................................................................ 30 After Engine Start ............................................................................................................................... 31 Crosstie Operation ............................................................................................................................. 32 SpeedBrake™ Ground Operations.............................................................................................. 32 Autopilot Autotrim Operations...................................................................................................... 32 Ground Operation of Air Conditioning........................................................................................ 33 Before Taxi ............................................................................................................................................. 33 Taxiing....................................................................................................................................................... 33 Before Takeoff ...................................................................................................................................... 34 Normal Takeoff..................................................................................................................................... 35 Short Field Takeoff.............................................................................................................................. 36 Crosswind Operation......................................................................................................................... 36 Normal Climb ........................................................................................................................................ 36 Maximum Performance Climb...................................................................................................... 37 Cruise........................................................................................................................................................ 37 Descent.................................................................................................................................................... 38 Expedited Descent .............................................................................................................................. 38 Approach................................................................................................................................................. 39 Before Landing ..................................................................................................................................... 39 Normal Landing ................................................................................................................................... 39 Short Field Landing............................................................................................................................. 40 Balked Landing ..................................................................................................................................... 40 After Landing......................................................................................................................................... 40 Shutdown ................................................................................................................................................ 40 AMPLIFIED PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................................. 42 Normal Takeoff..................................................................................................................................... 42 Short Field Takeoff.............................................................................................................................. 42 Crosswind Takeoff............................................................................................................................... 42 Best Rat of Climb Speeds ............................................................................................................... 42 Cruise Climb........................................................................................................................................... 43 Best Angle of Climb Speeds ........................................................................................................... 43 Power Settings..................................................................................................................................... 43 C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 3 Vapor Suppression............................................................................................................................. 43 Normal Operations Above 18,000 Feet.................................................................................. 43 Cruise........................................................................................................................................................ 44 Flight Planning....................................................................................................................................... 44 Mixture Settings .................................................................................................................................. 44 Control by Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT)............................................................................. 44 Descent.................................................................................................................................................... 44 Approach................................................................................................................................................. 45 Glideslope Flight Procedures with Autopilot........................................................................... 45 Landings .................................................................................................................................................. 45 Normal Landings ................................................................................................................................. 45 Short Field Landings .......................................................................................................................... 45 Crosswind Landings........................................................................................................................... 46 Balked Landings................................................................................................................................... 46 SECTION 4 – PERFORMANCE INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 47 Airspeed Calibration (Flaps Up Position)..................................................................................................... 48 Airspeed Calibration (Flaps Takeoff Position)............................................................................................ 48 Airspeed Calibration (Flaps Landing Position) .......................................................................................... 49 Equivalent Airspeed Calibration 12, 000 ft................................................................................................ 49 Equivalent Airspeed Calibration 18,000 ft................................................................................................. 50 Temperature Conversion.................................................................................................................................... 51 Stall Speeds............................................................................................................................................................... 52 Stalling Speeds ........................................................................................................................................................ 52 SpeedBrakes™ ........................................................................................................................................................ 52 Crosswind, Headwind, and Tailwind Component ..................................................................................... 53 Short Field Takeoff Distance (12˚ Takeoff Flaps) ................................................................................... 54 Short Field Takeoff Speed Schedule .............................................................................................................. 55 Maximum Rate of Climb (With Flat Triangular Leading Edge Tape on the Wings) ............... 56 Time, Fuel, and Distance (With Flat Triangular Leading Edge Tape) ............................................. 57 Cruise Performance Overview ......................................................................................................................... 58 Cruise Performance Sea Level Pressure Altitude.................................................................................. 59 Cruise Performance 6000 Ft. Pressure Altitude................................................................................... 60 Cruise Performance 12000 Ft. Pressure Altitude................................................................................ 61 Cruise Performance 18000 Ft. Pressure Altitude................................................................................ 62 Cruise Performance 25000 Ft. Pressure Altitude................................................................................ 63 Lean of Peak Engine Operation........................................................................................................................ 64 Range Profile ............................................................................................................................................................ 65 Endurance Profile................................................................................................................................................... 66 Holding Considerations........................................................................................................................................ 67 Time, Fuel, and Distance for Cruise Descent............................................................................................ 68 Short Field Landing Distance (40˚ – Landing Flaps) ............................................................................ 69 Landing Speed Schedule..................................................................................................................................... 70 SECTION 5 – DESCRIPTION OF AIRPLANE AND SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 71 C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 4 AIRFRAME AND RELATED ITEMS .................................................................................................................. 72 Basic Construction Techniques.................................................................................................... 72 Fuselage....................................................................................................................................... 72 Wings and Fuel Tanks ........................................................................................................... 72 Horizontal Stabilizer................................................................................................................ 73 Flight Controls....................................................................................................................................... 73 Ailerons ........................................................................................................................................ 73 Aileron Servo Tab .................................................................................................................... 73 Elevator......................................................................................................................................... 73 Rudder .......................................................................................................................................... 73 Flight Control System Diagram......................................................................................... 74 Trim System .......................................................................................................................................... 75 Elevator and Aileron ............................................................................................................... 75 Trim System Diagram ........................................................................................................... 75 Hat Switches.............................................................................................................................. 75 Simultaneous Trim Application ......................................................................................... 75 Trim Position Indicator.......................................................................................................... 76 Autopilot/Trim Master Switch (A/P Trim)................................................................. 76 Rudder Trim ............................................................................................................................... 76 Instrument Panel and Cockpit Layout Diagram.................................................................... 77 Wing Flaps.............................................................................................................................................. 78 Landing Gear ......................................................................................................................................... 78 Main Gear.................................................................................................................................... 78 Nose Gear................................................................................................................................... 79 Seats ......................................................................................................................................................... 79 Front Seats (General) ............................................................................................................ 79 Front Seat Adjustment.......................................................................................................... 79 Rear Seats.................................................................................................................................. 79 Seat Belts and Shoulder Harnesses.......................................................................................... 79 Doors ........................................................................................................................................................ 80 Gull Wing Cabin Doors .......................................................................................................... 80 Door Locks.................................................................................................................................. 80 Door Seal System.................................................................................................................... 80 Baggage Door ........................................................................................................................... 80 Step (Installed) .......................................................................................................................... 80 Handles......................................................................................................................................... 80 Brake System........................................................................................................................................ 80 Parking brake ............................................................................................................................ 80 Steering........................................................................................................................................ 81 ENGINE ................................................................................................................................................................ 81 Engine Specifications......................................................................................................................... 81 Turbochargers ..................................................................................................................................... 81 Engine Controls .................................................................................................................................... 81 Throttle ......................................................................................................................................... 81 Propeller ...................................................................................................................................... 81 Mixture ......................................................................................................................................... 81 Engine Sub-Systems........................................................................................................................... 82 Starter and Ignition................................................................................................................. 82 Propeller and Governor ........................................................................................................ 82 Induction....................................................................................................................................... 82 Cooling .......................................................................................................................................... 82 C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 5 INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................................................................................ 85 Flight Instruments............................................................................................................................... 85 Magnetic Compass................................................................................................................. 85 Backup Airspeed Indicator.................................................................................................. 85 Backup Attitude Indicator .................................................................................................... 85 Backup Altimeter ..................................................................................................................... 85 ENGINE REALTED SYSTEMS............................................................................................................................. 86 Fuel System ....................................................................................................................................................... 86 Fuel Quantity Indication .................................................................................................................... 86 Fuel Selector.......................................................................................................................................... 86 Fuel System Diagram........................................................................................................................ 87 Fuel Flow Annunciator Messages ............................................................................................... 88 Backup Fuel Pump and Vapor Suppression ........................................................................... 88 Primer ...................................................................................................................................................... 88 ELECTRICAL AND RELATED SYSTEMS........................................................................................................ 89 Electrical System............................................................................................................................................. 89 General Description ........................................................................................................................... 89 Avionics Bus........................................................................................................................................... 89 Left Bus.................................................................................................................................................... 89 Right Bus................................................................................................................................................. 89 Essential Bus ......................................................................................................................................... 89 Battery Bus ............................................................................................................................................ 89 Master Switches ................................................................................................................................. 89 Crosstie Switch .................................................................................................................................... 90 Avionics Master Switch.................................................................................................................... 90 Summary of Buses ............................................................................................................................. 91 Electrical System Diagram ............................................................................................................. 92 Airplane Interior Lighting System............................................................................................................ 93 Flip and Access Lights ...................................................................................................................... 93 Overhead Reading Lights................................................................................................................. 93 Instrument Flood Bar ........................................................................................................................ 93 Upper Instrument ............................................................................................................................... 93 Lower Instrument and Circuit Breaker Panels ..................................................................... 93 Summary of Interior Lights and Switches ............................................................................... 94 Press-to-Test PTT Button................................................................................................................ 94 Interior Light Protection................................................................................................................... 95 Airplane Exterior Lighting System........................................................................................................... 95 Position and Anti-collision Lights.................................................................................................. 95 Taxi and Landing Lights.................................................................................................................... 95 Stall Warning System................................................................................................................................... 95 Stall Warning ........................................................................................................................................ 95 Stall Warning System (Electrical)................................................................................................ 95 SECTION 6 – THE SIMULATION INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 96 2D Panel .......................................................................................................................................................... 97 Entire Panel ....................................................................................................................................................... 97 Panel Layout...................................................................................................................................................... 98 C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 6 3D Virtual Cockput ................................................................................................................................................ 99 Cockpit and Cabin Lighting ......................................................................................................................... 99 Controls and Animations.......................................................................................................................... 101 Exterior Features ............................................................................................................................................... 102 Exterior Animations .................................................................................................................................... 102 Exterior Lighting ........................................................................................................................................... 102 The Flight Deck (G1000) ................................................................................................................................. 103 System Power-up......................................................................................................................................... 103 Normal Display Operations ..................................................................................................................... 103 Reversionary Display Operation............................................................................................................ 103 PFD/MFD Controls .................................................................................................................................... 103 MFD/PFD Control Unit (ReadyPad) ................................................................................................... 105 Softkey Function ........................................................................................................................................... 107 PFD Softkey Layout ..................................................................................................................................... 108 MFD Softkey Layout.................................................................................................................................... 109 PFD TMR/REF Wnidow ........................................................................................................................... 110 Timer...................................................................................................................................................... 110 Barometric Minimum..................................................................................................................... 110 Page Groups (MFD).................................................................................................................................... 111 Date/Time...................................................................................................................................................... 111 Flight Instruments ....................................................................................................................................... 112 PFD Display (Default).................................................................................................................................. 113 Additional LFD Information...................................................................................................................... 114 Heading and Course Settings................................................................................................................ 115 Turn Rate Indicator..................................................................................................................................... 115 Bearing Pointers and Information Windows .................................................................................. 116 Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) .......................................................................................................... 117 Navigation Sources ......................................................................................................................... 117 OBS Mode ....................................................................................................................................................... 118 Wind Data ....................................................................................................................................................... 118 Altitude Alerting............................................................................................................................................ 118 Engine Indication System (EIS)............................................................................................................... 119 Engine Page.................................................................................................................................................... 120 Carbon Monoxide Detection................................................................................................................... 121 Fuel Calculation Group .............................................................................................................................. 121 Engine Temperature Group .................................................................................................................... 122 Engine Leaning Assist Mode .................................................................................................................. 123 Audio Panel..................................................................................................................................................... 124 Com Transceiver and Activation .......................................................................................................... 127 Com Transceiver Manual Tuning ......................................................................................................... 128 Quick Tuning and Activating 121.500 MHz .................................................................................. 128 NAV Radio Sel;ection and Activation .................................................................................................. 129 NAV Receiver Manual Tuning ................................................................................................................ 130 GTX 33 Mode S Transponder ............................................................................................................... 131 Transponder Controls.................................................................................................................... 131 Transponder Mode Selection..................................................................................................... 132 Ground Mode ..................................................................................................................................... 132 Standby Mode.................................................................................................................................... 132 Manual ON Mode ............................................................................................................................. 133 Altitude Mode (Automatic or Manual).................................................................................... 133 Reply Status........................................................................................................................................ 133 Entering a Transponder Code.................................................................................................... 134 C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 7 VFR Code.............................................................................................................................................. 134 IDENT Function.................................................................................................................................. 135 Flight ID Reporting ........................................................................................................................... 135 Nearest Airports ................................................................................................................................................. 136 Flight Planning (FMS)......................................................................................................................................... 137 Opening and Exisitng Flight Plan ........................................................................................................... 137 Creating and Active Flight Plan ............................................................................................................. 137 Editing a Waypoint ...................................................................................................................................... 140 Saving a Flight Plan ..................................................................................................................................... 141 Activating a Flight Plan .............................................................................................................................. 141 Flight Plan Views .................................................................................................................................................. 142 AFCS Controls....................................................................................................................................................... 143 Flight Director Operation ................................................................................................................................. 144 Activating the Flight Director ................................................................................................................. 144 AFCS Status Box.................................................................................................................................................. 145 Flight Director Modes ....................................................................................................................................... 146 Vertical Modes.............................................................................................................................................. 146 Pitch Hold Mode (PIT) .................................................................................................................... 147 Selected Altitude Capture Mode (ALTS) ............................................................................... 148 Altitude Hold Mode (ALT) ............................................................................................................. 149 Vertical Speed Mode (VS) ............................................................................................................ 150 Flight Level Change Mode (FLC) ................................................................................................ 151 Glideslope Mode (GS) ..................................................................................................................... 152 Go Around Mode (GA).................................................................................................................... 153 Lateral Modes............................................................................................................................................... 154 Roll Hold Mode (ROL) ..................................................................................................................... 155 Heading Select Mode (HDG)....................................................................................................... 156 Navigation Mode (GPS, VOR, LOC)........................................................................................... 157 Approach Mode ................................................................................................................................ 158 Autopilot Operation............................................................................................................................................. 159 Engaging the Autopilot .............................................................................................................................. 159 Disengaging the Autopilot........................................................................................................................ 160 C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 8 CREDITS Austin Meyer What can I say…without Austin none of this is possible. Thank you Austin. Ben Supnik Ben only knows me from the many e-mails we have exchanged but he has always come through in explaining what I didn't understand and correcting bugs in an expeditious manner. He has an amazing intellect and I'm glad he is working for Laminar. Thanks Ben. Sandy Barbour When I started this project my programming skills were pretty rusty and my experience with C++ was very limited. With Sandy's help I was able to accomplish some things that a year ago I thought would be impossible. Sandy was always patient with me and willing to provide examples to show me the way. Thank you Sandy Tom Kyler Tom doesn't really know me (yet) but we have exchanged a few e-mails regarding Blender. Of course what Tom really provided was inspiration in the form of his presence in the forums, especially during the creation of the MU2. Thanks Tom. Alex Gifford Alex also doesn't know me but was very helpful with some Blender and programming issues that I e-mailed him about. Thanks Alex. My Wife Finally I have to thank my wife, Laurie, who has been a saint about the time and commitment I have made to this project and future development of X-Plane aircraft and scenery. Her sacrifice is immeasurable. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 9 LICENSE END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR C400 IMPORTANT—READ CAREFULLY: This End-User License Agreement (“EULA”) is a legal agreement between you (either an individual or a single entity) and JGX for the software product identified above, which includes computer software and may include associated media and “online” or electronic documentation (“SOFTWARE PRODUCT”). Any software provided for use with the SOFTWARE PRODUCT that is associated with a separate end-user license agreement is licensed to you under the terms of that license agreement. By installing, copying, downloading, accessing or otherwise using the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, you agree to be bound by the terms of this EULA. If you do not agree to the terms of this EULA, do not download, install or use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. Software PRODUCT LICENSE The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is licensed, not sold. 1. GRANT OF LICENSE. This EULA grants you the following rights: Software Product. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is identified as the “JGX_C400”. Distribution Terms. You may not use, copy, modify or translate the Files in connection with the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. Reservation of Rights. All rights not expressly granted are reserved by JGX. 2. DESCRIPTION OF OTHER RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS. Limitations on Reverse Engineering, Decompilation, and Disassembly. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation. Rental. You may not rent, lease, or lend the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. Software Transfer. You may permanently transfer all of your rights under this EULA provided you retain no copies, you transfer all of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT (including all component parts, any electronic documentation, any upgrades, this EULA, and, if applicable, the Certificate of Authenticity) and the recipient agrees to comply with the terms of this EULA. Termination. Without prejudice to any other rights, JGX may terminate this EULA if you fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this EULA. In such event, you must destroy all copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT and all of its component parts. 3. COPYRIGHT. All title and copyrights in and to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT (including but not limited to any images, photographs, animations, video, audio, and text incorporated into the SOFTWARE PRODUCT), any accompanying electronic materials, and any copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT are owned by JGX or its suppliers. All title and intellectual property rights in and to the content which may be accessed through use of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is the property of the respective content owner and may be protected by applicable copyright or other intellectual property laws and treaties. This EULA grants you no rights to use such content. You may not copy the electronic materials accompanying the SOFTWARE PRODUCT for further distribution to your end-user customers. 4. COPY PROTECTION. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT may employ copy protection technology to C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 10 prevent the unauthorized copying of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. It is illegal to make unauthorized copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or circumvent any copy protection technology employed in the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. 5. EXPORT RESTRICTIONS. You acknowledge that the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is subject to U.S. export jurisdiction. You agree to comply with all applicable international and national laws that apply to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, as well as end-user, end-use and destination restrictions issued by U.S. and other governments. MISCELLANEOUS If you acquired this SOFTWARE PRODUCT in the United States, this EULA is governed by the laws of the State of New Jersey. If you acquired this SOFTWARE PRODUCT in Canada, unless expressly prohibited by local law, this EULA is governed by the laws in force in the Province of Ontario, Canada; and, in respect of any dispute which may arise hereunder, you consent to the jurisdiction of the federal and provincial courts sitting in Toronto, Ontario. If this SOFTWARE PRODUCT was acquired outside the United States, then local law may apply. LIMITED WARRANTY NO WARRANTIES. JGX expressly disclaims any warranty for the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT and any related documentation is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the implied warranties or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. The entire risk arising out of use or performance of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT remains with you. NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. In no event shall JGX or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of the use of or inability to use this JGX product, even if JGX has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Because some states/jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitation may not apply to you. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 11 DISCLAIMER This software product is designed to be used only for entertainment purposes and is not approved by the FAA. This software is not designed to be a flight training aid or device. All aviation terms referred to herein, and with regard to this software, pertain to the virtual simulation only. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 12 The Columbia 400 / Cessna Corvalis TT The Columbia 400 is a single- engine, fixed-gear, low-wing general aviation aircraft built from composite materials. The Columbia 400 was designed by the legendary Lance Neibauer and originally certified by the Federal Aviation Administration under FAR 23, on April 8, 2004 as the Model LC41-550FG (forLancair Certified, Model 41, Continental 550 engine, Fixed Gear) and marketed under the designation Columbia 400. Columba Aircraft was located at Bend Airport in Bend, Oregon, USA. Columbia Aircraft was purchased by Cessna in late 2007. In April 2009 Cessna announced that it would close the Bend, Oregon factory where the Cessna 400 was produced and move production to Independence, Kansas, USA. Initially sold simply as the Cessna 400, the aircraft was given the marketing name Corvalis TT for twin turbocharged by Cessna on January 14, 2009. EASA certification was added in February 2009. The Cessna Corvalis TT is the fastest FAA-certified fixed-gear, single-engine piston aircraft in production today, reaching a speed of 235 knots true air speed at 25,000 feet. The aircraft is powered by a turbocharged Continental engine producing 310 horsepower at 2600 rpm and features a Garmin G1000 glass cockpit The Cessna Corvalis is certified in the Utility Category, with a positive limit maneuvering load factor of 4.4, whereas most comparable aircraft (such as the Cessna 182 and Cirrus SR22) are certified in the Normal Category with a load factor of 3.8. The Corvalis has a certified airframe maximum life of 25,200 flight hours. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 13 THREE-VIEW DRAWING OF THE AIRPLANE Specifications Wing Area............................................................................................................................ 141.2 Square Feet Wing Span ............................................................................................................................................... 35.8 Feet Length........................................................................................................................................................ 25.2 Feet Empty Weight (+/-).................................................................................................................... 2500 Pounds Gross Weight ................................................................................................................................ 3600 Pounds Stall Speed............................................................................................................................... 59 KIAS 60 KIAS Maneuvering Speed .................................................................................................... 158 KIAS 182 KCAS Cruising Speed............................................................................................................... 181 KIAS 185 KCAS Never Exceed Speed ................................................................................................... 230 KIAS 235 KCAS Engine......................................................................................................... 310 HP Cointinental TSIO-550-C Propeller ....................................................................................................................... 78 in. Constant Speed Governor ......................................................................................................................................................McCauley *Note: Wingspan is 36 Feet +/- with position lights. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 14 Section 1 – General INTRODUCTION This handbook is written in sections and covers the operations and systems of the Columbia 400/Cessna Corvalis TT with the Garmin G1000 Flight Deck. For simplicity we will refer to the aircraft as C400. We have attempted to simulate most of the systems of the C400 and G1000. However, due to limitations within X-Plane itself and the extreme complexity of the G1000, this is NOT a 100% simulation of EVERY system and feature. A separate document named C400_G1000_Features is available, which is an attempt to list the G1000 Systems, including if and how they have been implemented. Additional details of the systems and how they operate (or deviate from the G1000) are outlined within the specific chapters of this document Section 1 of this handbook contains generalized descriptive data about the airplane including dimensions, fuel and oil capacities, and certified weights. There are also definitions and explanations of symbols, abbreviations, and commonly used terminology for this airplane. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 15 DESCRIPTIVE DATA ENGINE Number of Engines: 1 Engine Manufacturer: Teledyne Continental Engine Model Number: TISO-550-C Engine Type: Twin-turbocharged, direct drive, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, fuel-injected, six-cylinder engine with 552 cubic inch displacement. Takeoff Power: 310 BHP at 2600 RPM, 35.5 in of Hg Maximum Continuous Power: 262 BHP (85%) at 2500 RPM, and 33.5 in of Hg Maximum Climb Power: 310 BHP at 2600 RPM Maximum Cruise Power: 262 BHP at 2550 RPM PROPELLER Propeller Manufacturer: Hartzell Propeller Hub and Blade Model Number: HC-H3YF-1RF and F7693DF Number of Blades: 3 Propeller Diameter: 77 inches (196cm) minimum, 78 inches (198 cm) maximum Propeller Type: Constant speed and hydraulically actuated, with a low pitch setting of 16.5˚ +/- 0.2˚ and a high pitch setting of 42.0˚ +/- 1.0˚ (30 inch station) FUEL The following fuel grades, including the respective colors, are approved for this airplane. 100LL Grade Aviation Fuel (Blue) 100 Grade Aviation Fuel (Green) Total Fuel Capacity - 106 Gallons US Total Capacity Each Tank: 53 Gallons US Total Usable Fuel: 49 Gallons US/tank, 98 Gallons US Total OIL Specification or Oil Grade (the first 25 engine hours) – Non-dispersant mineral oil conforming to SAE J1966 shall be used during the first 25 hours of flight operations. However, if the engine is flown less than once a week, a straight mineral oil with corrosion preventative MIL-C-6529 for the first 25 hours is recommended. Specification or Oil Grade (after 25 engine hours) – Teledyne Continental Motors Specification MHS-24. An ashless dispersant oil shall be used after 25 hours. Viscosity Recommended for Various Average Air Temperature Ranges Below 40˚F (4˚C) – SAE 30, 10W30, 15W50, OR 20W50 ABOVE 40˚F (4˚C) – SAE 50, 15W50, OR 20W50 Total Oil Capacity Sump: 8 Quarts Total: 10 Quarts Drain and Refill Quantity: 8 Quarts Oil Quantity Operating Range: 6 to 8 Quarts MAXIMUM CERTIFICATED WEIGHTS Ramp Weight: 3600 pounds Takeoff Weight: 3600 pounds Landing Weight: 3420 pounds Baggage Weight: 120 pounds C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 16 TYPICAL AIRPLANE WEIGHTS The empty weight of a typical airplane offered with four-place seating, standard interior, avionics, accessories, and equipment has a standard empty weight of about 2500 pounds. Maximum Useful Load: 1100 pounds CABIN AND ENTRY DIMENSIONS Maximum Cabin Width: 48.17 inches Maximum Cabin Length: (Firewall to aft limit of baggage compartment): 139.6 inches Maximum Cabin Height: 49 inches Minimum Entry Width: 33 inches Minimum Entry Height:: 33 inches Maximum Entry Clearance: 46 inches SPACE AND ENTRY DIMENSIONS OF BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT Maximum Baggage Compartment Width: 38.5 inches Maximum Baggage Compartment Length: 52 inches Maximum Baggage Compartment Height: 34.5 Inches Maximum Baggage Entry Width: 28 Inches SPECIFIC LOADINGS Wing Loading: 25.5 pounds/square foot Power Loading: 11.61 pounds/square foot C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 17 ABBREVIATIONS, TERMINOLOGY, AND SYMBOLS AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY CAS Calibrated Airspeed means the indicated airspeed of an aircraft, corrected for position and instrument error, Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level. KCAS Calibrated Airspeed expressed in knots. GS Ground Speed is the speed of an airplane relative to the ground IAS Indicated Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft as shown on the airspeed indicator when corrected for instrument error. IAS values published in this handbook assume zero instrument error. KIAS Indicated Airspeed expressed in knots. TAS True Airspeed is the speed of an airplane relative to undisturbed air, which is the CAS, corrected for altitude, temperature, and compressibility. VH This term refers to the maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous power. VO The maximum operating maneuvering speed of the airplane. Do not apply full or abrupt control movements above this speed. If a maneuver is entered gradually at VO with maximum weight and full forward CG, the airplane will stall at limit load. However, limit load can be exceeded at VO if abrupt control movements are used or the CG is farther aft. VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended position. VNE Never Exceed Speed is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time. VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that must not be exceeded except in smooth air and then only with caution. VS Stalling Speed or the maximum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable. VSO Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable in the landing configuration. VX Best Angle-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed that delivers the greatest gain of altitude in the shortest possible horizontal distance. VY Best Rate-of-Climb Speed is the airspeed that delivers the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest possible time. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 18 ENGINE POWER & CONTROLS TERMINOLOGY BHP Brake Horsepower is the power developed by the engine. MP Manifold Pressure is the pressure measured in the intake system of the engine and is depicted in inches of Hg. MCP Maximum Continuous Power is the maximum power for abnormal or emergency operations. Maximum The maximum power recommended for cruise. Cruise Power MNOP Maximum Normal Operating Power is the maximum power for all normal operations (except takeoff). This power, in most situations, is the same as Maximum Continuous Power,. Mixture Control The Mixture Control provides a mechanical linkage with the fuel control unit of fuel injection engines, to control the size of the fuel feed aperture, and thus, the air/fuel mixture. It is also a primary means to shut down the engine. Propeller The lever used to select a propeller speed. Control Propeller The device that regulates the RPM of the engine and propeller by increasing Governor or decreasing the propeller pitch, through a pitch change mechanism in the Propeller hub. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 19 Section 2 – Limitations INTRODUCTION Section 2 contains the operating limitations and instrument markings of the airplane The airspeed limitations below are based on the maximum gross takeoff weight of 3600 pounds. The maximum operating maneuvering speeds (VO) and applicable weight limitations are shown in figure 2-1. Figure 2-1 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS The airspeed is shown on both the PFD and backup airspeed indicator. The airspeed on the PFD is indicated with and airspeed tape and colored bands. The backup airspeed indicator has four colored arcs on the outer circumference. The meaning of each band and arc is tabulated in Figure 2-2. Figure 2-2 SPEED KCAS KIAS REMARKS VO Max. Operating Maneuvering Speed 2600 pounds gross weight 2600 pounds gross weight @ FL250 3600 Pounds Gross Weight 3600 Pounds Gross Weight @ FL250 *Decrease 3 knots for each 1000 ft. above 12.000 feet (Press. Alt.) 138* 96 162* 123 135* 93 158* 120 Do not apply full power or abrupt control movements above this speed VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed (Down or 40˚ Flap Setting) *Decrease 2.4 knots for each 1000 ft. above 12,000 feet (Press. Alt.) 120* 117* Do not exceed this speed with full flaps. Takeoff flaps can be extended at 130 KCAS (127 KIAS). Do not use flaps above 14,000 ft. VNO Max. Structural Cruising Speed Max. Structural Cruising Speed @ FL250 *Decrease 3.5 knots for each 1000 ft. above 12,000 feet (Press. Alt.) 185* 140 181* 137 Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air and then only with caution VNE Never Exceed Speed Never Exceed Speed @ Fl250 *Decrease 4.4 knots for each 1000 ft. above 12,000 feet (Press. Alt.) 235* 178 230* 174 Do not exceed this speed in any operation. MARKING KIAS VALUE OR RANGE SIGNIFICANCE White Band/Arc 60 – 117* Full Flap Operating Range - Lower limit is maximum weight stalling speed in the landing configuration. Upper limit is maximum speed permissible with flaps extended. Green Band/Arc 73 – 181* Normal Operating Range - Lower limit is maximum weight stalling speed with flaps retracted. Upper limit is maximum structural cruising speed. Yellow Band/Arc 181 – 230* Operations must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air. Red Line 230* Maximum speed for all operations. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 20 POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS Number of Engines: One (1) Engine Manufacturer: Teledyne Continental Engine Model Number: TSIO-550-C Recommended Time Between Overhaul: 2000 Hours (Time in Service) Maximum Power: 310 BHP at 2600 RPM Maximum Manifold Pressure: 35.5 inches of Hg Minimum Power Setting Above 18,000 ft.: 15 inches of Hg and 2200 RPM Maximum Recommended Cruise: 262 BHP (85%) Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature: 460˚F Maximum Turbine Inlet Temperature: 1750˚F/1850˚F for 30 seconds POWERPLANT FUEL AND OIL DATA Oil Grades Recommended for Various Average Air Temperature Ranges Below 40˚F (4˚C) – SAE 30, 10W30, 15W50, OR 20W50 ABOVE 40˚F (4˚C) – SAE 50, 15W50, OR 20W50 Oil Temperature Maximum Allowable: 240˚F Recommended takeoff minimum: 100˚F Recommended flight operations: 170˚F to 220˚F Oil Pressure Normal Operations: 30-60 psi Idle, minimum: 10 psi Maximum allowable (cold oil): 100 psi Approved Fuel Grades 100LL Grade Aviation Fuel (Blue) 100 Grade Aviation Fuel (Green) Fuel Flow Normal Operations": 13 to 25 GPH Idle, minimum: 2 to 3 GPH Maximum allowable: 38.5 GPH Vapor Suppression Required Usage: • The Vapor Suppression rocker switch is required to be on above 18,000 ft. • The Vapor Suppression rocker switch must be turned ON if TIT is rising above 1460˚F at full power with the mixture full rich (at any altitude). Vapor suppression may be turned off below 18,000 ft. if power has been reduced below 85% and engine temperatures have stabilized. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 21 POWERPLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS The following table, Figure 2-3, shows applicable color-coded ranges for the various powerplant gauges displayed on the MFD. * These temperatures or pressures are not marked on the gauge. However, it is important information that the pilot must be aware of. Figure 2-3 PROPELLER DATA AND LIMITATIONS Number of Propellers: 1 Propeller Manufacturer: Hartzell Propeller Hub and Blade Model Numbers: HC-H3YF-1RF AND F7693DF Propeller Diameters Minimum: 77 in. Maximum: 78 in. Propeller Blade Angle at 30 in. Station Low: 16.5˚ +/- 0.2˚ High: 42.0˚ +/- 1.0˚ INSTRUMENT RED LINE Minimum Limit YELLOW RANGE Warning WHITE RANGE Limited Time Operations GREEN RANGE Normal Operating RED LINE Limit Tachometer Minimum for idle 600 RPM N/A 2500 - 2600 RPM 2000 - 2500 RPM 2600 RPM Manifold Pressure N/A N/A 33.5 - 35.5 In. of Hg 15 - 33.5 In. of Hg (No Placard) 35.5 In of Hg Oil Temperature Minimum for Takeoff 100˚F* 220˚F - 240˚F 100˚F - 170˚F 170˚F - 220˚F 240˚F Oil Pressure Minimum for idle 10 psi N/A 10 - 30 psi and 60 - 100 psi 30 - 60 psi 100 psi Fuel Quantity A red line at "zero" indicates the remaining two gallons in each tank cannot be used safely in flight. N/A N/A N/A N/A Fuel Flow 10 - 25 GPH 40 GPH Cylinder Head Temperature N/A 100˚F - 240˚F 420˚F - 460˚F N/A 240 - 420˚F 460˚F Turbine Inlet Temperature N/A 1650˚F - 1750˚F N/A 1000˚F - 1650˚F 1750˚F (1850˚F for 30 sec. limit)* C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 22 WEIGHT LIMITS Utility Category Maximum Ramp Weight 3600 lbs. Maximum Empty Weight: 2708 lbs. Maximum Takeoff Weight: 3600 lbs. Maximum Landing Weight: 3420 lbs. Maximum Baggage Weight:* 120 lbs. *The baggage compartment has two areas, the main area and the hat rack area. The combined weight in these areas cannot exceed 120 lbs. The main area is centered at station 166.6 with maximum weight allowance of 120 lbs. The hat rack area, which is centered at station 199.8, has a maximum weight allowance of 20 lbs. When loading baggage in the main baggage compartment, Zone A (the forward portion of the main baggage area) must always be loaded first. MANEUVER LIMITS Utility Category – This airplane is certified in the utility category. Only the acrobatic maneuvers shown in Figure 2-6 are approved. APPROVED ACROBATIC MANEUVERS *Ensure that maximum fuel imbalance does not exceed 10 gallons. While there are no limitations to the performance of the acrobatic maneuvers listed in figure 2-6, it is recommended that the pilot not exceed 60˚ of bank since this will improve the service life of the gyros. Also, it is important to remember that the airplane accelerates quite rapidly in a nose down attitude, such as when performing a lazy eight. MANEUVER ENTRY SPEED Chandelles 150 KIAS Lazy Eights 150 KIAS Steep Turns 150 KIAS Stalls Slow Deceleration* C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 23 SPINS The intentional spinning of the aircraft is prohibited. Flight tests have shown that the aircraft will recover from a one turn spin in less than one additional turn after the application of recovery controls for all points in the weight and balance envelope, up to the maximum certified altitude. The recommended recovery inputs are: power idle, rudder full against the spin, elevator full forward and aileron full against the spin. If the flaps are extended, they should be retracted after the spin rotation is stopped to avoid exceeding the flap speed limit during pull out. When rotation stops, the aircraft will be in a steep nose down attitude. Airspeeds up to 160 KIAS are possible during a 3g pull out. Above 120 KIAS it may be possible to pull more than 3.7 g's in light weight conditions. Care should be taken, under such conditions, to avoid overstressing the airframe. A steady state spin may be encountered if pro-spin control inputs are held for 1-1/2 turns or more. Steady state spins entered above 20,000 feet at heavy weight and aft CG conditions will take the most turns to recover. If a steady state spin is entered, making and holding the recommended recovery inputs will produce the fastest recovery. The intentional spinning of the aircraft is prohibited. WARNING If a spin is entered with the flaps extended, they should be retracted after the spin rotation is stopped to avoid exceeding the flap speed limit during recovery. WARNING If a steady state spin is entered, holding the recommended recovery inputs of power idle, rudder full against the spin, elevator full forward, and aileron full against the spin will produce the fastest recovery. When recovering from a steady state spin, the aircraft may exceed the typical one turn recovery time, and additional turns may be experienced until the aircraft recovers from the spin. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 24 FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS Utility Category - Maximum flight load factors for all weights are: Flaps Position Max Load Factor Up (Cruise Position) +4.4g and -1.76g Down (Landing Position) +2.0g and -0.0g KINDS OF OPERATION LIMITS AND PILOT REQUIREMENTS The airplane has the necessary equipment available and is certified for daytime and nighttime VFR and IFR operations with only one pilot. The operational minimum equipment and instrumentation for the kinds of operation are detailed in Part 91 of the FARs. ICING CONDITIONS Flight into known icing is prohibited. FUEL LIMITATIONS Total Capacity: 106 Gallons Total Capacity Each Tank: 53 Gallons Maximum Fuel Imbalance: 10 Gallons between left and right fuel tanks Total Usable Fuel: Standard: 43 Gallons US/tank, 86 Gallons US Long Range: 51 Gallons US, 102 Gallons Total OTHER LIMITATIONS Altitude – The maximum flight altitude is 25,000 MSL with an FAA approved oxygen installation and 14,000 MSL without oxygen installed. Flap Limitations Flaps may not be extended at altitudes above 14,000 fee PA. Approved Takeoff Range: 12˚ Approved Landing Range: 12˚ and 40˚ Passenger Seating Capacity - The maximum passenger seating configuration is four persons (one pilot and three passengers). Leading Edge Devices - All leading edge devices (stall strips, leading edge tape, flat triangular leading edge tape, and zig zag tape) must be installed and in good condition for flight. C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 25 Section 3 – Normal Procedures INTRODUCTION Section 3 contains checklists for normal procedures. Checklists that are usable under flight conditions are provided elsewhere in the documentation folder. The first section of Section 3 contains various checklists appropriate for normal operations. INDICATED AIRSPEEDS FOR NORMAL OPERATION The speeds tabulated below, Figure 3-1, provide a general overview for normal operations and are based on a maximum certificated gross weight of 3600 pounds. At weights less than maximum certificated gross weight, the indicated airspeeds are different. *The maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity assumes normal pilot technique and a wind with a fairly constant velocity and direction. The maximum demonstrated crosswind component of 23 knots is not considered limiting. Figure 3-1 Takeoff Normal Climb Out Short Field Takeoff to 50 feet Flaps Setting Up Position Takeoff Position Airspeed 110 KIAS 80 KIAS Climb to Altitude Normal (Best Engine Cooling) Best Rate of Climb at Sea Level Best Rate of Climb at 10,000 Feet Best Angle of Climb at Sea Level Best Angle of Climb at 10,000 Feet Flaps Setting Up Position Up Position Up Position Up Position Up Position Airspeed 110 KIAS 110 KIAS 110 KIAS 82 KIAS 86 KIAS Approach to Landing Normal Approach Normal Approach Short Field Landing Flaps Setting Up Position Down Position Down Position Airspeed 105-110 KIAS 85-90 KIAS 80 KIAS Balked Landing (Go Around) Apply Maximum Power Apply Maximum Power Flaps Setting Takeoff Position Landing Position Airspeed 90 KIAS 82 KIAS Maximum Recommended Turbulent Air Penetration Speed 3600 lbs. 2600 lbs. Flaps Setting Up Position Up Position Airspeed 162 KIAS 138 KIAS Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity* Takeoff Landing Flaps Setting Takeoff Position Landing Position Airspeed 23 Knots 23 Knots C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 26 NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECKLISTS PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Figure 3-2 depicts the major inspection points, and the arrows show the sequence for inspecting each point.. The inspection sequence in Figure 3-2 runs in a clockwise direction, however, it does not matter in which direction the pilot performs the preflight inspection so long as it is systematic. The inspection should be initiated in the cockpit from the pilot's side of the airplane. Figure 3-2 Area 1 (The Cabin) 1. Pitot Tube Cover – REMOVE AND STORE 2. Required Aircraft Documents – AVAILABLE IN THE AIRPLANE 3. Ignition Switch – OFF 4. Mixture – IDLE CUTOFF 5. Avionics Master Switch – OFF 6. Crosstie Switch – OFF 7. Left Battery Switch – ON (Press the right side of the split rocker switch.) 8. Right Batter Switch – ON (Press the right side of the split rocker switch.) 9. A/P Trim System Switch in Overhead - CHECK (ON) 10. Flaps – TAKEOFF THEN LANDING POSITION 11. Trim Tabs – Neutral C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 27 12. Fuel Quantity Indicators – CHECK FUEL QUANTITY 13. Fuel Annunciation – NOT DISPLAYED 14. Oxygen System – CHECK IF REQUIRED a. Avionics Switch – ON b. Oxygen System - ON, CHECH QUANTITY, ENSURE SYSTEM RETAINS PRESSURE, VERIFY PROPER OXYGEN FLOW AT ALL BREATHIGN DEVICES. c. Oxygen System – OFF 15. Pitot Heat, Propeller Heat, and Exterior Lights – ON AS REQUIRED, CHECK OPERATION (see note and warning that follows). 16. Induction Heated Air – CYCLE THEN OFF 17. Stall Warning Vane - CHECK WARNING HORN 18. Pitot Heat, Propeller Heat, Exterior Lights – OFF 19. Left and Right Battery Switches – OFF 20. Circuit Breakers – CHECK IN NOTE The heated pitot housing should be warm to the touch in a minute or so, and it should not be operated for more than one to two minutes when the airplane is in the static condition. For this reason the operational check must be performed out of sequence. The pitot heat system includes a relay which will keep it from getting too hot on the ground. Full pitot heat is only available during flight. WARNING The pitot tube can get hot within one minute, and care must be used when touching the housing. The technique used for testing the hotness of an iron should be employed. Area 2 (Left Wing Flap, Trailing Edge, and Wing Tip) 1. Flap – CHECK (Proper extension and security of hardware.) 2. Left Wing Tie-Down – REMOVE 3. Aileron – CHECK (Movement, condition, and security of hardware.) 4. Aileron Servo Tab – CHECK FOR PROPER OPERATION 5. Static Wicks (2) – CHECK FOR INSTALLATION AND CONDITION 6. Wing Tip – CHECK (look for damage, check for security of position and anti-collision lights.) Area 3 (Left Wing Leading Edge, Fuel Tank, and Left Tire) C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 28 1. Leading Edge, Leading Edge Tape, Triangular Shaped Leading Edge Tape, abd Stall Strips – CHECK (Look for damage.) 2. Fuel Vent – CHECK FOR OBSTRUCTIONS 3. Landing Light – CHECK (Look for lens cracks and check security.) 4. Fuel Quantity – CHECK VISUALLY AND SECURE FILLER CAP 5. Stall Warning Vane CHECK FOR FREER MOVEMENT AND ENSURE NOT BENT 6. Wing Fuel Drain – CHECK FOR CONTAMINATION (Preceding first flight of the day or after refueling.) 7. Left Main Strut and Tire – CHECK (Remove wheel chocks, check tire for proper inflation, check gear strut for evidence of damage, bushing in place. 8. Main Fuel Drain – CHECK FOR CONTAMINATION (Preceding first flight of the day or after refueling.) 9. Gascolator Access Door and Inspection Panels – CHECK (Security of hardware.) Area 4 (Nose Section) 1. Left Windscreen, Cowl, and Exhaust – CHECK (Condition and security of hardware.) 2. Engine Oil – CHECK LEVEL (Maintain between 6 and 8 quarts, and fill to 8 quarts for extended flights.) 3. Engine Oil Filler Cap and Accessory Door – CAP AND ACCESSORY DOOR SECURE 4. Propeller and Spinner – CHECK (Look for nicks, security, and evidence of oil leakage.) 5. Alternator Belt – CHECK (Condition and tension.) 6. Nose Wheel Strut – CHECK INFLATION (Approximately 3 to 4 inch of chrome strut must be visible.) 7. Nose Tire – CHECK (Remove wheel chocks, check for proper inflation.) 8. Right Windscreen, Cowl, Cabin Air Inlet, and Exhaust – CHECK (Condition , air inlet duct connected, no obstructions, and security of hardware.) Area 5 (Right Wing Leading Edge, Fuel Tank, and Right Tire) 1. Wing Fuel Drain – CHECK FOR CONTAMINATION (Preceding first flight of the day or after refueling.) 2. Right Main Strut and Tire – CHECK (Remove wheel chocks, check tire for proper inflation, check gear strut for evidence of damage, bushing in place. 3. Leading Edge, Leading Edge Tape, Triangular Shaped Leading Edge Tape, abd Stall Strips – CHECK (Look for damage.) 4. Fuel Quantity – CHECK VISUALLY AND SECURE FILLER CAP 5. Fuel Vent – CHECK FOR OBSTRUCTIONS C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 29 6. Pitot Tube – CHECK FOR OBSTRUCTIONS. Area 6 (Right Wing Tip, Trailing Edge, Wing Flap, and Right Fuselage Area) 1. Wing Tip – CHECK (Look for damage; check security of position and anti-collision lights. 2. Aileron - CHECK (Movement, condition, abd security of hardware.) 3. Aileron Trim Tab – CHECK FOR NEUTRAL POSITION. 4. Static Wicks (2) – CHECK FOR INSTALLATION AND CONDITION 5. Right Wing Tie-Down REMOVE 6. Flap - CHECK (Visually check for proper extension and security of hardware.) 7. Antennas Bottom of Fuselage – CHECK FOR SECUROTY 8. Static Port - CHECK FOR BLOCKAGE Area 7 (Tail Section) 1. Leading Edge of Horizontal and Vertical Surfaces – CHECK (Look for damage.) 2. Leading Edge Tape and Zig Zag Tape – CHECK (Attached and in good condition.) 3. Antennas Vertical Stabilizer – CHECK FOR SECURITY 4. Rudder/Elevator Hardware - CHECK (General condition and security.) 5. Rudder Surface – CHECK (Freedom of movement.) 6. Fixed Elevator Surfaces – CHECK SECURE, CHECK CLEARANCE TO RUDDER AT FULL DEFLECTION 7. Elevator Surface – CHECK (Freedom of movement.) 8. Elevator Trim Tab – CHECK FOR NEUTRAL POSITION 9. Ventral Fin – CHECK FOR SECURITY AND LOWER EDGE DAMAGE 10. Static Wicks (5) - CHECK FOR INSTALLATION AND CONDITION 11. Tail Tie-Down – REMOVE Area 8 (Aft Fuselage and Cabin) 1. Baggage Door – CHECK CLOSED AND LOCKED 2. Fire Extinguisher – CHECK FOR PRESENCE AND SECURITY 3. Crash Ax/Hatchet – CHECK FOR PRESENCE AND SECURITY BEFORE STARTING ENGINE 1. Preflight Inspection – COMPLETE 2. Fresh Air Vents – CLOSED FOR ENGINE START 3. Seat Belts and Shoulder Harness – SECURE (Stow all unused seat belts.) C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 30 4. Fuel Selector – SET TO LEFT OR RIGHT TANK 5. Avionics Master Switch – OFF 6. Cross-tie Switch – VERIFY OFF 7. Brakes – TESTED AND SET 8. Circuit Breakers – CHECK IN 9. Oxygen Masks and Cannulas – CHECK (Kinks in hose, rips, or tears.) 10. Passenger Briefing Card – ADVISE PASSENGERS TO REVIEW. CAUTION There is a significant amount of electric current required to start the engine. For this reason, the avionics master switch must be set to the OFF position during starting to prevent possible serious damage to the avionics equipment. STARTING COLD ENGINE 1. Mixture – RICH 2. Propeller – HIGH RPM 3. Vapor Suppression – OFF 4. Induction Heated Air – OFF 5. Throttle – CLOSED, THEN OPEN APPROXIMATELY ONE INCH 6. Left and Right Battery Switches – ON 7. Anti-Collision/Position Lights – ON AS REQUIRED 8. Primer Switch – PUSH IN (approximately 5 seconds) 9. Throttle – CLOSED, THEN OPEN 1/8 INCH TO ¼ INCH 10. Check Propeller Area – CLEAR (Ensure people/equipment are not in the propeller area.) 11. Ignition Switch – START 12. Throttle – ADJUST IDLE (900 to 1000 RPM) 13. Oil Pressure – CHECK (Ensure oil pressure gauge reads between 30 to 60 psi.) CAUTION If no oil pressure is noted within 30 seconds, shut down the engine and investigate the cause. Operating the engine without oil pressure may result in engine malfunction and stoppage. STARTING HOT ENGINE 1. Mixture – IDLE CUTOFF 2. Propeller – HIGH RPM C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 31 3. Throttle – CLOSED 4. Induction Heated Air – OFF 5. Left and Right Battery Switches – ON 6. Anti-Collision/Position Lights– ON AS REQUIRED 7. Vapor Suppression – ON FOR 30 SECONDS TO 60 SECONDS, THEN OFF 8. Mixture – RICH 9. Primer Switch – PUSH IN (Approximately 3 seconds.) 10. Throttle – CLOSED, THEN OPEN APPROXIMATELY ¼ INCH 11. Check Propeller Area – CLEAR (Ensure people/equipment are not in the propeller area.) 12. Ignition Start – START NOTE It may be necessary to leave the vapor suppression on during starting and turn it off approximately one minute after engine start. NOTE If the engine is only moderately warm it may be necessary to push the primer switch for a few seconds before starting. 13. Throttle – IDLE (900 to 1000 RPM) 14. Oil Pressure – CHECK (Ensure the oil pressure gauge reads between 30 to 60 psi.) 15. Left and Right Alternator Switches – ON AFTER ENGINE START 1. Avionics Master Switch - ON 2. Engine Indication Systems – CHECK 3. Ammeters – CHECK (Ensure alternator annunciation message is not displayed and the ammeters are indicating the left and right alternators are charging.) 4. MFD Fuel Remaining – INITIALIZE 5. Radios and Required Avionics – SET AS REQUIRED a. COM Radios– SET b. NAV Radios – SET c. PFD and Backup Altimeters – SET d. FMS Flight Plan – LOADED e. Altitude and Heading Bugs – SET f. Transponder – SET 6. Oxygen Quantity – NOTE C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 32 7. Rudder Hold – ON, VERIFY OVERRIDE BY FORCE TO PEDAL, THEN OFF CROSSTIE OPERATION 1. Air Conditioning – OFF 2. Left Master Switch – OFF (Ensure the essential and avionics buses are energized.) 3. L BUS OFF Annunciation – DISPLAYED 4. Crosstie Switch – ON (Ensure the right ammeter is showing charge and load increase for the left and right buses.) 5. L BUS OFF Annunciation - CLEARS 6. Crosstie Switch – OFF 7. Left Master Switch – ON 8. Right Master Switch – OFF (Ensure the essential and avionics buses are energized).) 9. R BUS OFF Annunciation – DISPLAYED 10. Crosstie Switch – ON (Ensure the left ammeter is showing charge and load increase for the left and right buses.) 11. R BUS OFF Annunciation - CLEARS 12. Crosstie Switch – OFF 13. Right Master Switch – ON 14. Air Conditioning - USE AS DESIRED SPEEDBRAKE™ GROUND OPERATIONS 1. SpeedBrake™ Switch – ON/UP POSITION 2. SPEED BRAKES Annunciation – DISPLAYED 3. SpeedBrake™ Switch – OFF/DOWN POSITION (Ensure both SpeedBrakes™ are retracted.) 4. SPEED BRAKES Annunciation – CLEARS NOTE The SpeedBrake™ system should be functionally checked for proper operation prior to flight. The independent electrical clutches need to be synchronized by SpeedBrake™ activation before flight and/or after SppedBrake™ circuit breaker pull. If the SpeedBrakes™ remain slightly extended, this indicates SpeedBrake™ failure and the SpeedBrake™ circuit breaker should be pulled. AUTOPILOT AUTOTRIM OPERATION 1. Autopilot – ENGAGE C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 33 2. Control Stick – APPLY FORWARD PRESSURE (Ensure trim runs Nose Up after 3 seconds.) 3. Control Stick – APPLY AFT PRESSURE (Ensure trim runs Nose Down after 3 seconds.) 4. ELECTRIC TRIM SWITCH – MOVE UP AND DOWN, ENSURE AUTOPILOT DOSCINNECTS (Trim should operate in the commanded direction.) 5. Autopilot – ENGAGE 6. HDG Bug – SYNC 7. Autopilot – SELECT HDG MODE 8. HDG Bug – VERIFY CONTROL STICK MOVEMENT 9. Degrees Autopilot Disconnect/Trim Interrupt Switch on Control Stick – ENSURE AUTOPILOT DISCONNECTS 10. Trim – TRIM FOR TAKEOFF (Ensure all controls for freedom of motion and ensure the autopilot is disconnected.) WARNING If the autotrim fails any portion of the above check procedures, do not attempt to use the autopilot until after the fault is corrected. GROUND OPERATION OF AIR CONDITIONING 1. Control Head – SELECT MODE AND TEMPERATURE DESIRED 2. Engine RPM – KEEP RPM AT OR ABOVE 1000 RPM 3. Ammeters – MONITOR BATTERIES (Decrease electrical load if discharge is displayed.) BEFORE TAXI 1. Engine Instruments – CHECK (Within proper ranges.) 2. Fuel Gauges – CHECK PROPER INDICATION 3. Ammeters - CHARGING 4. Wing Flaps – TAKEOFF, THEN UP (Cruise position.) 5. Radio Clearance – AS REQUIRED 6. Taxi Light - AS REQUIRED 7. Brakes – RELEASE TAXIING 1. Brakes – CHECK FOR PROPER OPERATION C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 34 2. PFD and Backup Flight instruments – CHECK FOR PROPER OPERATION 3. Turn Coordinator (PFD) – CHECK FOR PROPER OPERATION 4. Directional Gyro (PFD) – CHECK FOR PROPER OPERATION BEFORE TAFEOFF (Runup) 1. Runup Position – MAXIMU HEADWIND COMPONENT 2. Parking Brake/Foot Brakes – SET or HOLD 3. Flight Controls – FREE AND CORRECT 4. Crosstie Switch – VERIFY OFF 5. Autopilot (A/P) Trim System in Overhead – VERIFY ON 6. Autopilot – VERIFY DISENGAGED 7. Trim Tabs – SET FOT TAKEOFF 8. PFD and Backup Flight Instruments – CROSSCHECK AND SET 9. Fuel Selector – SET OUT OF DETENT (Ensure that 2 seconds after the annunciation displays the aural warning is played.) 10. Alerts Softkey on PFD - PRESS (Ensure aural warning stops.) 11. Fuel Selector – SET TO FULLER TANK 12. Cabin Doors – CLOSED AND LATCHED (Verify that red annunciation message is not displayed.) 13. Passenger Side Door Lock – IN THE UNLOCKED POSITION 14. Engine Runup – OIL TEMPERATURE CHECK (Above 100˚F) 15. Throttle – 1700 RPM 16. Ignition Switch – L POSITION (25 RPM drop minimum, 150 RPM drop maximum, EGTs should rise.) 17. Ignition Switch – R POSITION (25 RPM drop minimum, 150 RPM drop maximum, EGTs should rise.) 18. Ignition Switch – R/L POSITION (EGTs should drop.) 19. Propeller – CHECK OPERATION (Cycle two or three times with a 300 to 500 RPM drop.) 20. Engine Instruments and Ammeter – CHECK (Within proper ranges.) 21. Batteries – VERIFY CHARGE CONDITION BEFORE TAKEOFF (At 1700 RPM, the battery charge rate should be less than 10 amps for each battery.) 22. Throttle – VERIFY IDLE, THEN 900 TO 100 RPM. 23. Illuminated Switch Bulb Test – ALL LAMPS ILLUMINATED 24. Radios – SET, CROSSCHECK NAV INDICATORS 25. Flight Director – AS REQUIRED C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 35 26. Transponder – VERIFY CODE 27. Wing Flaps – TAKEOFF POSITION 28. Rudder Hold System – Disengaged 29. SpeedBrake™ Switch – VERIFY OFF/DOWN POSITION 30. Doors – LATCHED AND DETENTED 31. PFD Annunciator Window – ALL MESSAGES ADDRESSED 32. Door Seals – ON 33. Backup Fuel Pump - ARMED 34. Oxygen System – ON 35. Mask or Cannula – DON 36. Flowmeters – CHECK AND ADJUST TO PLANNED CRUISE ALTITUDE (Ensure that the internal metering ball moves freely and oxygen is flowing to the delivery devices.) 37. Time - NOTE 38. Brakes - RELEASE WARNING The absence of RPM drop when checking magnetos may indicate a malfunction in the ignition circuit resulting in a hot magneto, ie., one that is not grounding properly. Should the propeller be moved by hand (as during preflight inspection) the engine might start and cause death or injury. This type of malfunction must be corrected before operating the engine. CAUTION Do not underestimate the importance of pre-takeoff magneto checks. When operating om single ignition, some RPM drop should always occur. Normal indications are 25 to 75 RPM and a slight engine roughness as each magneto is switched off. A drop in excess of 150 RPM may indicate a faulty magneto or fouled spark plugs. NOTE When checking the oxygen flowmeter, the reading is taken at the midpoint of the ball. Ensure the flowmeter is held vertically when adjusting flow rate or reading. NORMAL TAKEOFF 1. Landing/Taxi Lights – AS REQUIRED 2. Wing Flaps – TAKEOFF POSITION 3. Mixture – FULL RICH 4. Backup Fuel Pump – ARMED 5. Pitot Heat and Propeller Heat – AS REQUIRED C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 36 6. Throttle – ADVANCE SLOWLY TO FULL POWER (2600 RPM) (Watch Manifold Pressure for indication of overboost.) 7. Elevator Control – LIFT NOSE AT 75 KIAS 8. Climb Speed – ACCELERATE TO BEST RATE OF CLIMB SPEED OF 110 KIAS 9. Wing Flaps – RETACT (At 400 feet AGL and at or above 95 KIAS.) SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF 1. Landing/Taxi Lights – AS REQUIRED 2. Wing Flaps – TAKEOFF POSITION 3. Brakes - APPLY 4. Mixture – FULL RICH 5. Backup Fuel Pump – ARMED 6. Throttle – ADVANCE SLOWLY TO FULL POWER (2600 RPM) 7. Brakes – RELEASE 8. Elevator Control – MAINTAIN LEVEL NOSE ATTITUDE 9. Rotate Speed – 64 to 75 KIAS (Speed per Figure 5-11, 5˚ nose up pitch attitude.) 10. Climb Speed – 74 to 84 KIAS (Speed per Figure 5-11. Until clear of obstacles.) 11. Wing Flaps – RETRACT (At 400 feet AGL and at or above 95 KIAS.) NOTE If usable runway length is adequate, it is preferable to use a rolling start to begin the takeoff roll as opposed to a standing start at full power. Otherwise, position the airplane to use all of the runway available. CROSSWIND OPERATIONS Crosswind takeoffs and landings require a special technique but not specific procedures and, as such, do not require a dedicated checklist. NOTE If the cross control method is used during a crosswind approach, the resulting sideslip causes the airspeed to read up to 5knots higher or lower, depending on the direction of the sideslip. NORMAL CLIMB 1. Airspeed - ACCELERATE TO BEST RATE OF CLIMB SPEED OF 110 KIAS 2. Power Settings – ADJUST AS NECESSARY 3. Fuel Selector – SET TO RIGHT OR LEFT TANK (As appropriate.) 4. Mixture – FULL RICH ABOVE 85% POWER C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 37 5. Backup Fuel Pump – ARMED 6. Vapor Suppression – ON (Above 18,000 ft.) 7. Rudder Hold System – SET RUDDER TO DESIRED POSITION AND ENGAGE RUDDER HOLD SYSTEM 8. Landing/Taxi Lights – AS REQUIRED MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB 1. Airspeed – 110 KIAS (All altitudes) 2. Power Settings – 2600 RPM AND FULL THROTTLE 3. Fuel Selector – SET TO RIGHT OR LEFT TANK (As appropriate.) 4. Mixture – FULL RICH 5. Backup Fuel Pump – ARMED 6. Vapor Suppression – ON (Above 18,000 ft.) 7. Rudder Hold System – SET RUDDER TO DESIRED POSITION AND ENGAGE RUDDER HOLD SYSTEM CRUISE 1. Rudder Hold System – AS REQUIRED 2. Throttle – SET AS APPROPRIATE TO ACHIEVE 85% POWER OR LESS 3. Propeller – SET AS APPROPRIATE TO ACHIEVE 85 % POWER OR LESS 4. Mixture – LEAN AS REQUIRED 5. Backup Fuel Pump – OFF 6. Changing Fuel Tanks – PERFORM STEPS 6a and 6b a. Vapor Suppression – SET TO ON DURING FUEL TANK CHANGEOVERS b. Fuel Selector – CHANGE AS REQUIRED (The maximum permitted fuel imbalance is 10 gallons) 7. Landing/Taxi Lights – AS REQUIRED 8. Oxygen Quantity – CHECK PERIODICALLY (Approximately every 20 minutes) 9. Oxygen Outlet Pressure – CHECK PERIODICALLY (Approximately every 20 minutes) 10. Flowmeter or Flow Indicator – CHECK PERIODICALLY FOR OXYGEN FLOW (Approximately every 10 minutes) 11. Altitude Change – ADJUST FLOW DEVICES TO NEW ALTITUDE 12. Physiological Requirement – ADJUST FLOW DEVICE TO HIGHER ALTITUDE NOTE C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 38 Do not pull the throttle back to idle without leaning the mixture appropriately above 18,000 ft. (Critical altitude, the engine does not produce full manifold pressure above the critical altitude). The reduced air density is causing an over- rich condition at idle, which floods the engine and can make it quit. If it does quit, it is possible to restart the engine at any altitude by leaning the mixture. Above 18,000 ft. the minimum manifold pressure is 15 in. Hg; minimum RPM is 2,200. NOTE The vapor suppression must be turned on before changing the selected tank. After proper engine operations are established, the pump is turned off (except above 18,000 ft. when the pump stays on.) When changing power, the sequence control usage is important. Monitor the TIT gauge to avoid exceeding 1750˚F limit. To increase power, first increase the mixture (not necessarily to full rich), then increase RPM with the propeller control and then increase manifold pressure with the throttle control. To decrease power, decrease manifold pressure first with the throttle control and then decrease RPM with the propeller control. When engine temperatures have stabilized, lean mixture to desired TIT. WARNING Continuous overboost operation may damage the engine and require engine inspection. DESCENT 1. Fuel Selector – RIGHT OR LEFT TANK (As appropriate.) 2. Power Settings – AS REQUIRED 3. Mixture – AS REQUIRED 4. Backup Fuel Pump – OFF 5. Vapor Suppression – OFF (Below 18,000 ft.) 6. PFD and Backup Altimeters – SET 7. Altitude Bug – SET 8. Landing/Taxi Lights – AS REQUIRED EXPEDITED DESCENT 1. Power Setting – 2400 RPM and approximately 25 INCHES OF MANIFOLD PRESSURE 2. SpeedBrake™ Switch – ON/UP POSITION C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 39 3. Airspeed – 165 KIAS 4. SpeedBrake™ Switch – OFF/DOWN POSITION (To retract SpeedBrakes™) APPROACH 1. Approach – LOADED INTO FLIGHTPLAN 2. PFD BaroMin – Set 3. GPS Raim/Map Integrity - VERIFY 4. PFD OBS/SUSP Softkey – REVIEW and BRIEF USAGE DURING APPROACH 5. PFD CDI Button – SELECT NAV SOURCE 6. Nav Aids – TUNED AND IDENTIFIED 7. Approach Course – SET 8. PFD and Backup Altimeters – SET 9. Mixture – FULL RICH NOTE Passing FAF, new course may be needed. BEFGORE LANDING 1. Seat Belts and Shoulder Harnesses – SECURE (Both pilot and passengers) 2. Mixture – FULL RICH 3. Fuel Selector – RIGHT OR LEFT TANK (As appropriate.) 4. Backup Fuel Pump – OFF 5. Propeller – HIGH RPM 6. Rudder Hold System – DISENGAGED 7. Autopilot – DISENGAGED (If applicable) NORMAL LANDING 1. Approach Airspeed – AS REQUIRED FOR CONFIGURATION a. Flaps (Cruise Position) 95 to 100 KIAS b. Flaps (Takeoff Position 90 to 95 KIAS c. Flaps (Landing Position) 85 to 90 KIAS 2. Trim Tabs – ADJUST AS REQUIRED 3. Touchdown – MAIN WHEELS FIRST 4. Landing Roll – GENTLY LOWER NOSE WHEEL 5. Braking – AS REQUIRED C400 Pilot Operating Handbook [Rev. 101002-01] Page: 40 SHORT FIELD LANDING (Complete "BEFORE LANDING" Checklist first.) 1. Wing Flaps – LANDING POSITION 2. Initial Approach Airspeed – 90 KIAS 3. Minimum Approach Speed – 73 to 82 KIAS 4. Trim Tabs – ADJUST AS REQUIRED 5. Power – REDUCE AT THE FLARE POINT 6. Touchdown – MAIN WHEELS FIRST 7. Landing Roll – LOWER NOSE WHEEL SMOOTHLY AND QUICKLY 8. Braking and Flaps – APPLY HEAVY BRAKING AND RETRACT FLAPS (Up position.) BALKED LANDING (Go Around) 1. Throttle – FULL (At 2600 RPM.) 2. SpeedBrakes™ Switch – OFF/DOWN POSITION 3. Wing Flaps – TAKEOFF POSITION 4. Airspeed – 82 KIAS 5. Climb – POSITIVE (Establish Positive Rate of Climb.) 6. Backup Fuel Pump – ARM. 7. Wing Flaps – RETRACT (At 400 feet AGL and at or above 95 KIAS.) AFTER LANDING 1. Wing Flaps – UP (Cruise Position.) 2. SpeedBrakes™ Switch – OFF/DOWN POSITION 3. Door Seal, Pitot