Part 66 Manual of Standards (MOS)

Controls‖); 10. fibre optic control systems. electrical system means the aircraft electrical power supply source, plus the distribution system to the different components contained in the aircraft and relevant connectors. Electrical systems are specified in Table 1. When working on cables (including coaxial cables) and connectors which are part of these electrical systems, the following typical practices are included in the privileges: 1. continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing; 2. crimping and testing of crimped joints; 3. connector pin removal and insertion; 4. wiring protection techniques. lighting systems are part of the electrical system. powerplant means an aircraft engine. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 3 practical consolidation training (PCT) means a practical training course: 1. conducted by a maintenance training organisation in accordance with section 66.A.50 and Appendix III; and 2. that is approved in writing by CASA. Note In considering whether to approve a PCT course, CASA will take into account whether the course elements reflect the elements of a best practice PCT program as described in Advisory Circular 147-1 Practical Consolidation Training. RPL has the same meaning as in section 147.A.07 of the Part 147 Manual of Standards (as amended). simple test means a test described in maintenance data that meets all of the following criteria: 1. the serviceability of the system can be verified using aircraft controls, switches, built-in test equipment (BITE), central maintenance computer (CMC) or external test equipment not involving special training; 2. the outcome of the test is a unique go/no-go indication or parameter. No interpretation of the test result or interdependence of different values is allowed. subsystem means a system which, while capable of functioning on its own, is part of a larger system and includes, for this MOS: 1. the electrical subsystem comprised of electrical parts, appliances and motors, within mechanical, powerplant and structural systems; or 2. the instrument subsystem comprised of avionic systems within mechanical, powerplant and structural systems. troubleshooting means the published approved fault isolation maintenance procedures and actions outlined in maintenance data, used as necessary in order to identify the root cause of a defect or malfunction. It may include the use of BITE or external test equipment. Troubleshooting may involve avionic LRU changes, however, it does not involve multiple avionic LRU changes in pursuit of a system fault, unless the changes are made in accordance with a published approved fault isolation maintenance procedure (e.g. Troubleshooting Manual, Fault Isolation Manual procedure). (c) Unless the contrary intention appears, the term carry out maintenance includes, within its normal meaning, both the supervision of maintenance and carrying out the physical tasks of maintenance. 66.A.1 Aircraft engineer licence (a) This MOS specifies the requirements for the issue of an aircraft engineer licence in 1 or more of the following categories: 1. Category A; 2. Category B1; 3. Category B2; 4. Category C. (b) Categories A and B1 may be endorsed with the following subcategories for maintenance on combinations of aeroplanes, helicopters, turbine and piston engines: 1. A1 and B1.1 aeroplanes turbine; 2. A2 and B1.2 aeroplanes piston; 3. A3 and B1.3 helicopters turbine; 4. A4 and B1.4 helicopters piston. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 4 (c) Subject to paragraph (f), for paragraph 66.015 (2) (e) of CASR 1998, an aircraft type specified in a cell in column 2 of a table in Appendix IX, with a type certificate holder (if any) mentioned in the corresponding cell in column 1, and a commercial designation (if any) mentioned in the corresponding cell in column 3, is specified as a type rated aircraft type for an aircraft engineer licence in Category B1, B2 or C. (d) Subject to paragraph (f), for an aircraft type specified in a cell in column 2 of a table in Appendix IX, an aircraft engineer licence in Category B1, B2 or C may be endorsed with the type-rating endorsement mentioned in the corresponding cell in column 4. (e) Each mention of ―Various‖ in a cell in column 2 of a table in Appendix IX is to be read as ―A small or non-rated aircraft with the engine mentioned in the corresponding cell in column 4.‖. (f) If a Note referred to in a cell in column 4 of a table in Appendix IX contains the statement: ―This is a rule.‖, the contents of the Note have legal effect for the cell in the table as if they were contained in a paragraph of this section. (g) For this section: cell, for a column of a table in Appendix IX, means each individual, undivided unit (regardless of its size) into which the column is subdivided. non-rated aircraft has the same meaning as in the definition of aircraft type in regulation 66.010 of CASR 1998. small aircraft has the same meaning as in the CASR Dictionary. 66.A.10 Application — form An application for an aircraft engineer licence, or an application for a variation of an aircraft engineer licence, must be made to CASA in the form approved by CASA. 66.A.20 Privileges (a) The maintenance certification and certificate of release to service privileges of each category of licence are as follows: 1. A person who holds a Category A licence endorsed with a subcategory may perform maintenance certification for that subcategory maintenance if: (i) the person carried out the maintenance; and (ii) the maintenance is line maintenance of a kind mentioned in Appendix II of the Part 145 MOS; 2. A person who holds a Category A licence endorsed with a subcategory may issue a certificate of release to service for line maintenance if: (i) the maintenance was carried out by the person; or (ii) the maintenance and its maintenance certification were carried out by another person who holds a Category A licence with the appropriate subcategory; and (iii) the maintenance was line maintenance of a kind mentioned in Appendix II of the Part 145 MOS; and (iv) the aircraft being maintained is covered by the subcategory of licence held; 3. A reference to maintenance in subparagraphs (a) 1 or 2 does not include: (i) supervision of maintenance; or (ii) for a subcategory A1 licence, maintenance of a propeller-driven aeroplane unless the subcategory A1 licence holder: (A) holds a B1.1 subcategory endorsement that permits the holder to perform maintenance certification on the propellor system of a propeller-driven aeroplane; or Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 5 (B) is positively endorsed in the subcategory A1 to provide such maintenance. 4. Subject to Table 1 and paragraph 66.A.45 (b), a person who holds a Category B1 licence endorsed with a subcategory may perform maintenance certification for that subcategory maintenance if: (i) the person carried out the subcategory maintenance; and (ii) the maintenance was any of the following: (A) work on an aircraft system designated in Table 1, as structural, powerplant, mechanical or electrical; (B) unless the licence is specifically subject to an avionics LRU exclusion, replacement of an avionic line replaceable unit that requires only simple tests to prove its serviceability; (BA) updating the software in an avionic system, provided that: (I) the system has a discrete test facility to confirm the success of the updating; and (II) the serviceability of any other system affected by the updating is also confirmed; and (III) only simple tests are necessary to verify the serviceability of the system and any other system affected by the updating; (C) category A licence tasks of a kind mentioned in Appendix II of the Part 145 MOS for the aircraft type rating or ratings held (D) functional checks of avionic systems that can be conducted as a simple test; (E) troubleshooting of avionics systems that can be conducted using only simple tests. 5. A person who holds a Category B1 licence endorsed with a subcategory may issue a certificate of release to service for aircraft covered by a subcategory endorsed on the licence, after maintenance of the aircraft, if the maintenance was not base maintenance carried out on a large aircraft; 6. A person who holds a Category B2 licence may perform maintenance certification for Category B2 maintenance carried out on an aircraft if: (i) the person carried out the maintenance; and (ii) the maintenance was carried out: (A) on an aircraft system designated in Table 1 as avionic or electrical; or (B) on an instrument or electrical sub system of an aircraft system designated in Table 1 as structural, powerplant or mechanical; or (C) as a category A licence task of a kind mentioned in Appendix II of the Part 145 MOS within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the certification authorisation referred to in subparagraph 145.A.35 (b) 1 of the Part 145 MOS. This certification privilege is restricted to work that the licence holder has personally performed in the maintenance organisation which issued the certification authorisation and is limited to the type ratings for a large aircraft endorsed in the B2 licence; or (D) unless the licence is specifically subject to an avionics LRU exclusion, replacement of an avionic line replaceable unit that only requires simple tests to prove its serviceability; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 6 7. A person who holds a Category B2 licence may issue a certificate of release to service for aircraft covered by the licence if the maintenance was not base maintenance carried out on a large aircraft; 8. A person who holds a Category C licence may issue a certificate of release to service for base maintenance carried out on a large aircraft for the aircraft in its entirety, if: (i) the maintenance was carried out on a large aircraft; and (ii) the Category C holder’s licence is endorsed with the type rating for the large aircraft. Table 1 Aircraft systems, designations and conditions for Category B1 and Category B2 licences Aircraft system (and ATA chapter reference) Designation of system Conditions or limitations Pressurisation, air- conditioning and equipment cooling systems (ATA21) Mechanical (B1) For a Category B2 licence, pressurisation control systems. Autopilot (ATA22) Avionic (B2) Communications (ATA23), including ELT and underwater locating beacon (ATA25-60) Avionic (B2) Generator and/or constant speed drive/IDG systems (ATA24) Electrical (B1/B2) and Powerplant (B1) Electrical power supply systems, including a ram air turbine, if electrical (ATA24) Electrical (B1 and B2) Equipment, furnishings and emergency equipment (ATA25) Mechanical (B1) Except ELT and underwater locating beacon (ATA 25-60) — see (ATA23). Fire, smoke, overheat detecting and extinguishing systems (ATA26) Mechanical (B1) Flight control systems (ATA27) Mechanical (B1) For a category B1 licence — except system operation – fly-by-wire. Flight control systems – system operation – fly- Avionic (B2) For a Category B2 licence — limited to the avionic subsystem of the flight control Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 7 Aircraft system (and ATA chapter reference) Designation of system Conditions or limitations by-wire (ATA27) system. Fuel systems (ATA28) Mechanical (B1) Hydraulic power systems, including ram air turbine (ATA29) Mechanical (B1) Ice and rain protection systems (ATA30) Mechanical (B1) Ice and rain protection systems (ATA30-20) Mechanical and Powerplant (B1) Powerplant — for powerplant cowling anti- icing. Indicating and recording systems (ATA31) Avionic (B2) Landing gear (ATA32) Mechanical (B1) Wheels and brakes (ATA32-40) Mechanical (B1) Lighting (ATA33) Electrical (B1 and B2) Navigation systems:  General  Radio interface  ACARS, SELCAL, INS/IRS  Compass  Flight manage- ment system  Doppler systems (ATA34) Avionic (B2) For a Category B1 licence — compass swings, if endorsed on the licence. Oxygen system (ATA35) Mechanical (B1) For a Category B2 licence, if endorsed on the licence. Pneumatic system (ATA36) Mechanical (B1) Vacuum (ATA37) Mechanical (B1) Waste water (ATA38) Mechanical (B1) Cabin intercom data and network systems (ATA42) Avionic (B2) Cabin systems (ATA44) Avionic (B2) Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 8 Aircraft system (and ATA chapter reference) Designation of system Conditions or limitations Central maintenance system (ATA45) Avionic (B2) Information systems  ATIMS  Network server (ATA46) Avionic (B2) Nitrogen generation system or inert gas system (ATA47) Mechanical (B1) APU (ATA49) Powerplant (B1) Cargo and accessory compartments (ATA50) Mechanical (B1) Structures — General (ATA51) Structural (B1) Structures — general, but excluding wooden structures and fabric surfaces unless: (a) for wooden structures — the holder has obtained the relevant optional units of competency mentioned in section 66.A.25 of this MOS; or Note These optional units of competency are marked W in Appendix IV. (b) for fabric surfaces — the holder has obtained the relevant optional units of competency mentioned in section 66.A.25 of this MOS. Note These optional units of competency are marked Z in Appendix IV. Structures — general (c) for a category B2 licence — closing of cowlings and refitment of quick access inspection panels. Doors (ATA52) Structural (B1) Fuselage (ATA53) Structural (B1) Nacelles and pylons (ATA54) Structural (B1) Stabilisers (ATA55) Structural (B1) Windows (ATA56) Structural (B1) Wings (ATA57) Structural (B1) Propeller — rotor (ATA60) Mechanical (B1) Propeller — propulsion Powerplant (B1) For a Category B1 licence, only if the holder Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 9 Aircraft system (and ATA chapter reference) Designation of system Conditions or limitations (ATA61) has obtained the relevant optional units of competency mentioned in section 66.A.25 of this MOS. Note These optional units of competency are marked P in Appendix IV. Rotor (ATA62) Mechanical (B1) Rotor drives (ATA63) Mechanical (B1) Tail rotor (ATA64) Mechanical (B1) Tail rotor drive (ATA65) Mechanical (B1) Folding blades and pylon (ATA66) Mechanical (B1) Rotor flight control (ATA67) Mechanical (B1) Powerplant (ATA71) Powerplant (B1) Engine turbine/ turbo-prop and fans (ATA72) Powerplant (B1) Engine-mounted accessories: gear boxes, gears, pumps and attached engine-mounted and driven components (ATA72-60) Powerplant (B1) Engine fuel and control — carbura- tion/injection system (ATA73) Powerplant (B1) FADEC (ATA73A) Avionic (B2) Ignition system (ATA74) Powerplant (B1) Air systems and control (ATA75) Powerplant (B1) Engine control system (ATA76) Powerplant (B1) Engine indicating system (ATA77) Powerplant (B1) and Avionic (B2) Exhaust — thrust reverser (ATA78) Powerplant (B1) Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 10 Aircraft system (and ATA chapter reference) Designation of system Conditions or limitations Lubrication system (ATA79) Powerplant (B1) Starting system (ATA80) Powerplant (B1) Supercharging system (ATA81) Powerplant (B1) Power augmentation (ATA82) Powerplant (B1) Accessory drives (ATA83) Powerplant (B1) 66.A.21 Transitional privileges Despite Table 1 in section 66.A.20 and the exclusions annotated on a licence issued under Part 66 of CASR 1998, a person mentioned in a cell in column 1 of Table 2, who holds a Category B1 licence, may perform maintenance certifications and issue certificates of release to service for the maintenance mentioned for the person in the corresponding cell or cells in column 2, but only: 1. for an aircraft mentioned in the corresponding cell in column 3; and 2. subject to the limitations (if any) mentioned in the corresponding cell in column 4; and 3. subject to the condition mentioned in column 5. Table 2 Person Maintenance Aircraft Limitations Condition A. A person who held an aircraft maintenance engineer (AME) licence under regulation 31 of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 to which regulation 202.341 applies (the old licence) All electrical maintenance An aircraft approved for V.F.R. operations only (approved V.F.R. aircraft), and fitted with a single generator Not applicable (NA) Provided that the old licence and its ratings applied to the maintenance, or would have applied to the maintenance but for Part 66 of CASR 1998 (The Proviso) 1. All instrument system maintenance for aircraft general instruments (excluding RMI, inertial navigation and multi-axis autopilots) Approved V.F.R. aircraft NA Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 11 Person Maintenance Aircraft Limitations Condition 2. Periodic inspections for aircraft radio systems Approved V.F.R. aircraft B. A person who, in accordance with subregulation 202.343 (2) or 202.344 (2) of CASR 1998, is taken to be entitled to the issue of an AME licence by becoming qualified for, an engine category Group 1 or 2 rating, or an airframe category Group 1, 2 or 19 rating (the old licence) All electrical maintenance Approved V.F.R. aircraft fitted with a single generator NA The Proviso 1. All instrument system main- tenance for aircraft general instruments (excluding RMI, inertial navigation and multi-axis autopilots) 2. Periodic inspections for aircraft radio systems C. A person who, in accordance with subregulation 202.341 (2) or 202.343 (2) or 202.344 (2) of CASR 1998, is taken to be entitled to the issue of an AME licence by previously holding, or becoming qualified for, an engine or airframe category rated licence (the old licence) 1. Daily or manufacturers’ equivalent inspection 2. Check of the condition of security of attachment of wiring, plumbing, parts and appliances 3. Maintenance of instrument, or electrical, parts and appliances forming part of the powerplant, mechanical or structural systems, Aircraft covered by the licence For maintenance under No. 3 in column 2, the maintenance must: 1. Be limited to external mechanical adjustments to facilitate correct operation of powerplant or mechanical or structural systems 2. Be limited to replacement of instrument, or electrical, parts and appliances, connected by simple twist or terminal The Proviso Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 12 Person Maintenance Aircraft Limitations Condition where the limitations apply connectors 3. Excludes instrument or electrical parts and appliances, where mainten- ance involves functional tests and adjustments requiring the use of external specialised test equipment 66.A.23 Requalification requirements (a) For paragraph 66.120 (2) (b) of CASR 1998, a licensed aircraft maintenance engineer is taken to comply with the requirements of that paragraph if, in the immediately preceding 2 years: 1. he or she has had a period or periods of continuous employment amounting to at least 6 months, exercising the privileges mentioned in the Part 66 Manual of Standards for his or her licence or for a rating endorsed on the licence; or 2. within a period or periods of time amounting to 6 months, he or she has had at least 550 hours of experience in exercising those privileges. (b) For paragraph 66.120 (2) (c) of CASR 1998, the requalification requirements for an A, B1 or B2 aircraft engineer licence holder are: 1. carrying out maintenance of the kind that would be covered by the privileges of any of the licences held, for no less than a total of 100 days; or 2. the holder obtains a report from a Part 147 organisation (an MTO) authorised for category training which states: (i) that the holder has been assessed within 28 days of the date of the report; and (ii) how the assessment was conducted; and (iii) that the MTO has certified that the holder continues to have the knowledge and skills necessary for the holder of an aircraft engineer licence with the ratings on the licence; and 3. in relation to subparagraphs (b) 1 and 2, the holder retains either evidence of carrying out the maintenance, or the report from the MTO, as applicable; and 4. for the purposes of subparagraph (b) 2, the assessment by the MTO must include theory examination and practical assessment in a sampling of the range of maintenance activities that the holder is authorised by their licence to carry out. The report must describe how the assessment by the MTO was performed. (c) For paragraph 66.120 (2) (c) of CASR 1998, the requalification requirement for a Category C licence holder is that the Part 145 organisation (an AMO) provides the holder with suitable continuing airworthiness experience to ensure that the holder has re-established their knowledge and skill. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 13 66.A.25 Basic knowledge and competency requirements (a) This paragraph sets out the requirements that must be met by a person who applies for: 1. an aircraft engineer licence in a category or subcategory; or 2. the addition of a category or subcategory to the person’s licence. (b) The applicant must demonstrate by examination, conducted by an MTO, knowledge: 1. of each subject module that is marked as applicable for the category or subcategory in accordance with Part 2 of Appendix I to this MOS; and 2. to the level of knowledge for the module and its items as indicated in Part 3 of Appendix I to this MOS for the category or subcategory; and 3. in accordance with Appendix II to this MOS or as otherwise approved by CASA. (c) An applicant for a subcategory A1 or B1.1 licence is not required to demonstrate, by examination, knowledge of propellers in accordance with item 17 in Part 2 of Appendix I to this MOS unless the rating is to include propellers. (d) An applicant for a subcategory A2 or B1.2 licence is not required to demonstrate, by examination, knowledge of high speed flight in accordance with subitem 11.1.2 of subject Module 11 in Part 3 of Appendix I to this MOS. (e) An applicant must hold each unit of competency listed and coded in Appendix IV to this MOS that is marked X or indicated as its alternative for the category or subcategory and, before holding a unit of competency, hold the qualifications or units of competency that are prerequisites for the unit. (f) In addition to the units of competency that are required under this section for a subcategory B1.1 or B1.2 licence, an applicant for such a rating that includes wooden structures or fabric surfaces or propellers must hold each relevant optional unit of competency listed and coded in Appendix IV to this MOS that is marked: 1. W — for wooden structures for the subcategory; and 2. Z — for fabric surfaces for the subcategory; and 3. P — for propellers for the subcategory. (g) A person may be taken to hold the necessary qualifications or units of competency as set out above if an MTO has conducted a recognition of prior learning assessment in accordance with that MTO’s course plan and exposition. (h) The qualification (comprised of knowledge, competence and assessments) must have been gained within 5 years of making an application for an aircraft maintenance licence or the addition of a category or subcategory to an aircraft maintenance licence. 66.A.30 Basic practical experience requirements (a) An applicant for an aircraft engineer licence must have acquired the following practical experience: 1. for a Category A and subcategories B1.2 and B1.4 licences — practical maintenance experience in carrying out maintenance on operating aircraft and in training as mentioned in the following table. Licence category Amount of practical experience A licence 2 years B1.2 or B1.4 licence 3 years Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 14 2. for Category B2 and subcategories B1.1 and B1.3 licences — practical maintenance experience in carrying out maintenance on operating aircraft and in training as mentioned in the following table. Licence category Amount of practical experience B1.1 or B1.3 licence or B2 licence 4 years 3. for a Category C licence: (i) 3 years experience exercising Category B1.1, B1.3 or B2 privileges on large aircraft; or (ii) 5 years experience exercising Category B1.2 or B1.4 privileges on large aircraft; or (iii) for an applicant holding an academic degree in a technical discipline from a university or other higher educational institution recognised by CASA, 3 years experience carrying out maintenance on operating aircraft, including at least 6 months of observation of base maintenance tasks. (b) A person who holds a licence with a category or subcategory, who applies to CASA to add a category or subcategory to it, must provide evidence to CASA that he or she has been certified by an MTO as satisfying all of the following requirements for the category or subcategory to be added: 1. completion of the knowledge and examination requirements mentioned in Appendix I to this MOS; and 2. holding the units of competency required by Appendix IV to this MOS; and 3. having the practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft detailed in subparagraphs (a) 1 and 2. (c) In this section: practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft may include 1 year of category training maintenance experience, such as: 1. simulated maintenance experience using maintenance simulation technology; and 2. practical maintenance experience on representative aeronautical products during maintenance training. (d) At least 1 year of the practical maintenance experience required for an initial issue of an aircraft engineer licence must be: 1. maintenance experience on aircraft relevant to the category or subcategory for which the licence was sought; and 2. accumulated immediately before making the application for the licence. (e) Practical aircraft maintenance experience gained outside a civil aircraft maintenance environment can be treated as practical maintenance experience if an MTO certifies to CASA that: 1. the experience is equivalent to the practical experience required by this MOS; and 2. the applicant has sufficient additional experience with civil aircraft maintenance to ensure he or she has an understanding of the civil aircraft maintenance environment. 66.A.45 Type/task training and ratings (a) The holder of a Category A licence may only exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type following the satisfactory completion of the relevant Category A Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 15 aircraft task training carried out by an appropriately approved AMO or MTO, which must include: 1. practical hands on training and theoretical training as appropriate for each task authorised; and 2. satisfactory completion of training demonstrated by an examination and/or by workplace assessment carried out by an AMO or MTO authorised to conduct such training. (b) The holder of a subcategory B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, or Category B2, licence may exercise his or her certification privileges on a non-type rated aircraft when the licence is endorsed with the appropriate category or subcategory for the maintenance required for that non-type rated aircraft. Note The holder of a subcategory B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, or Category B2, licence does not require a type rating to exercise his or her certification privileges on aircraft systems other than the powerplant systems of: (i) a large aircraft with a particular type of aircraft engine; or (ii) a small aircraft with a particular type of aircraft engine. (ba) The holder of a subcategory B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, or Category B2 or C, licence must only exercise his or her certification privileges on a particular type, or type and model, of a large aircraft with a particular type of aircraft engine when the licence is endorsed with the appropriate aircraft type rating by CASA. Note These are aircraft referred to in paragraph (a) of regulation 66.010 of CASR 1998 definition of aircraft type. (bb) The holder of a subcategory B1.1, B1.2, B1.3 or B1.4 licence must only exercise his or her certification privileges on the powerplant systems of: 1. a large aircraft with a particular type of aircraft engine; or 2. a small aircraft with a particular type of aircraft engine; when the licence is endorsed with the appropriate aircraft type rating by CASA. Note These are aircraft referred to in paragraphs (b) and (c) of regulation 66.010 of CASR 1998 definition of aircraft type. (c) A type rating may only be issued by CASA: 1. following satisfactory completion of the relevant Category B1, B2 or C aircraft type training: (i) approved by CASA; or (ii) conducted by an appropriately approved MTO; or (iii) conducted in accordance with paragraph (h); or 2. if each of the following applies: (i) the applicant is a category B2 licence holder (the holder) with a rating (a type rating) for a particular type, or type and model, of large aircraft with a particular type of aircraft engine (a large aircraft type); (ii) the holder applies for a rating (the different type rating) for a large aircraft type, that is different from his or her type rating; (iii) the large aircraft type to which the different type rating would apply has the same manufacturer as the large aircraft type to which the holder’s type rating applies; (iv) CASA carries out an RPL assessment that compares the differences between the large aircraft type to which the type rating applies and the large aircraft type to which the different type rating would apply; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 16 (v) CASA determines that the B2 systems differences between the 2 large aircraft types are not such as to require further training of the holder for the issue of the different type rating. Note In subparagraph (c) 2, the meaning of a large aircraft is the same as the meaning of an aircraft type in paragraphs (a) and (b) of the definition of aircraft type in regulation 66.010 of CASR 1998. (d) An applicant for a Category B1 or B2 aircraft type rating must complete the applicable type training in relation to paragraph 66.A.20 (a) privileges, which consists of: 1. theoretical training and examination; and 2. practical training and assessment as specified in sections 66.A.50 and 66.A.55. (e) Category C approved type training must comply with the requirements for such training in Appendix III to this MOS. In the case of a Category C licence holder qualified by holding an academic degree as specified in sub-subparagraph 66.A.30 (a) 3 (iii), the first aircraft type theoretical training can only be at the Category B1 or B2 licence level. Practical training is not required. (f) Completion of approved aircraft type training, as required by paragraphs (b) to (c), must be demonstrated by an examination. The examination must comply with the requirements in Appendix III to this MOS. (g) The training and assessment for a restricted rating for an aircraft type may be in: 1. a subset of the theoretical elements mentioned in Part 2 of Appendix III that are indicated for the category or subcategory by the numerical level of the type training; and 2. the corresponding practical elements mentioned in Part 3 of Appendix III that are appropriate for the category or subcategory and the rating, only if the MTO provides in the course plan for the training a description of: (i) the training and assessment in the subset of theoretical elements and its corresponding practical elements; and (ii) the persons eligible to undertake the training and assessment; and (iii) the restrictions for the rating to which the training and assessment relates; and (iv) ensures that all documents required under this MOS in connection with the training and assessment, describe the rating as a restricted rating. (h) An AMO, in accordance with section 145.A.37 of the Part 145 MOS, may: 1. deliver excluded system training and assessment for the excluded systems set out in Appendix VII; or 2. for an aircraft type mentioned in column 2 of Table 2 in Appendix IX — deliver aircraft type training for a category or subcategory of licence for the aircraft, or a system or subsystem of the aircraft type; or 3. for an aircraft type mentioned in column 2 of Table 2 in Appendix IX — arrange for the manufacturer of the aircraft or its engine to provide training and assessment. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 17 (i) A licensed aircraft maintenance engineer, seeking his or her first aircraft type rating in an alternate licence category or subcategory not currently held by that person, must have first completed category or subcategory basic knowledge and competency training as mentioned in section 66.A.25 for the issue of a licence in that category or subcategory for which he or she is seeking his or her first rating, as well as meeting the basic practical experience requirements specified in paragraph 66.A.30 (b). 66.A.50 Aircraft type practical training (a) Aircraft type practical training and assessment must include a representative cross-section of maintenance activities relevant to the category or subcategory. (b) Practical training must be of fixed content and duration and, except in the case of PCT, can be conducted by either an MTO or an appropriately approved AMO. In the case of PCT, only an MTO approved to conduct PCT may deliver and assess the training. Where practical training is conducted by an appropriately approved maintenance organisation, the practical training must be first approved by CASA. The practical training must be supported by a detailed syllabus or practical worksheets/logbook showing content and duration of training. (ba) The practical element of type training may be conducted simultaneously with the conduct of the theoretical element or provided separately as a stand-alone element. (bb) Options for practical training include: 1. PCT; or 2. practical on course (POC) training; or 3. structured OJT performed according to a type-specific program. (c) Practical training can be performed by demonstrations using equipment, components, simulators, other training devices or aircraft. This training does not need to involve actual servicing or repair of aircraft. (d) Records of demonstration of practical training must be retained by the organisation conducting the practical training for at least 5 years following completion of the practical training. (e) Practical training must meet the requirements of Appendix III to this MOS. 66.A.55 On the Job aircraft type Training (a) In the case of a first type rating to be gained, PCT or POC alone is not acceptable for type rating endorsement. In addition to PCT or POC, an applicant must also complete on the job training (OJT). (aa) In the case of a rating in another licence category or subcategory to be obtained after the type rating referred to in paragraph (a): 1. if using POC training, POC training must be supplemented by OJT; and 2. if using PCT training, no supplementation by OJT is required. (b) OJT, other than that normally required as part of a PCT course, is not required in the case of a second or subsequent type rating if the practical training for the second or subsequent type rating (in the same or any other category or subcategory) is delivered using PCT. (c) OJT must only be conducted and managed by a maintenance organisation, or maintenance training organisation, approved by CASA to undertake such training activities. The OJT must be supported by a detailed syllabus showing its content and recorded within detailed worksheets/logbook. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 18 (ca) For paragraph (c), the maintenance organisation approved by CASA must be: 1. an approved maintenance organisation (AMO) issued with an approval under regulation 145.030 of CASR 1998 to carry out maintenance activities; or 2. an organisation holding a certificate of approval to carry out maintenance activities issued under regulation 30 of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988. (d) OJT must be supervised and assessed by approved assessors. (e) OJT must comply with the requirements of Appendix III to this MOS. 66.A.60 Recognised States For the purposes of regulation 66.030 of CASR 1998, recognised States are set out in Appendix V. 66.A.65 Excluded States For the purposes of regulation 66.060 of CASR 1998, excluded States are set out in Appendix VI. 66.A.70 Limitations (a) Limitations introduced on an aircraft maintenance licence are exclusions from the certification privileges and apply to the aircraft in its entirety. (b) Exclusions annotated on a category can be removed by gaining the section 66.A.25 basic knowledge and competency requirements relevant to the exclusion removal. (c) Exclusions annotated on a rating can be removed by CASA after satisfactorily completing, as required: 1. paragraph 66.A.45 (d) training and examination; with 2. section 66.A.50 practical training and assessment; or 3. section 66.A.55 on the job training and assessment. The training, assessment and examination may be provided by an MTO or, if described in its Part 145 AMO exposition, by an AMO if the exclusion removal has been permitted under subparagraph 66.100 (b) (ii) of CASR 1998, using a training and assessment regime provided in accordance with paragraph 145.025 (3) (c) of CASR 1998. (d) For the purposes of subregulation 66.095 (2), and Subpart 202.GG, of CASR 1998, exclusions on type ratings, that an AMO may be authorised to provide training, assessment and authorisations for, are set out in Appendix VII. (e) Units of competency are required as mentioned in Appendix VIII before the removal of an exclusion from a category or subcategory of licence in accordance with paragraph (b). Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 19 Appendix I CASA knowledge syllabus Part 1 — Levels of knowledge Levels of knowledge The level of knowledge for a module, or part of a module, for a Category A, B1 or B2 licence is indicated in Part 3 of this Appendix by the allocation of a numerical indicator (1, 2 or 3) against the module or part. A level of knowledge has the meaning given to it below. Level 1 A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject such that the following objectives are met. Objectives: 1 The applicant must be familiar with the basic elements of the subject. 2 The applicant must be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and examples. 3 The applicant must be able to use typical terms. Level 2 A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and an ability to apply that knowledge, such that the following objectives are met. Objectives: 1 The applicant must be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject. 2 The applicant must be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples. 3 The applicant must be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. 4 The applicant must be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the subject. 5 The applicant must be able to apply his or her knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures. Level 3 A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject, and a capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner, such that the following objectives are met. Objectives: 1 The applicant must know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. 2 The applicant must be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples. 3 The applicant must understand and be able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 20 4 The applicant must be able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics describing the subject. 5 The applicant must be able to apply his or her knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer’s instructions. 6 The applicant must be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply corrective action where appropriate. Part 2 — Knowledge module requirements Qualification on basic subjects for each category or subcategory of licence must be in accordance with the following table. Applicable subjects are indicated by an X. Subject modules A or B1 aeroplane with: A or B1 helicopter with: B2 Turbine engine(s) Piston engine(s) Turbine engine(s) Piston engine(s) Avionics 1 Mathematics X X X X X 2 Physics X X X X X 3 Electrical fundamentals X X X X X 4 Electronic fundamentals X X X X X 5 Digital techniques electronic instrument systems X X X X X 6 Materials and hardware X X X X X 7 Maintenance practices X X X X X 8 Basic aerodynamics X X X X X 9 Human factors X X X X X 10 Aviation legislation X X X X X 11 Aeroplane aerodynamics, structures and systems X X 12 Helicopter aerodynamics, structures and systems X X 13 Aircraft structures and systems X Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 21 Subject modules A or B1 aeroplane with: A or B1 helicopter with: B2 Turbine engine(s) Piston engine(s) Turbine engine(s) Piston engine(s) Avionics 14 Propulsion — avionic systems X 15 Gas turbine engine X X 16 Piston engine X X 17 Propeller X X Part 3 — Details of modules and levels of knowledge Module 1 Mathematics Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 1.1 Arithmetic 1 2 2 Arithmetical terms and signs, methods of multiplication and division, fractions and decimals, factors and multiples, weights, measures and conversion factors, ratio and proportion, averages and percentages, areas and volumes, squares, cubes, square and cube roots. 1.2 Algebra (a) 1 2 2 Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions; (b) — 1 1 Linear equations and their solutions; Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices; Binary and other applicable numbering systems; Simultaneous equations and second degree equations with one unknown; Logarithms. 1.3 Geometry (a) — 1 1 Simple geometrical constructions; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 22 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 (b) 2 2 2 Graphical representation, nature and uses of graphs, graphs of equations and functions; (c) — 2 2 Simple trigonometry, trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates. Module 2 Physics Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 2.1 Matter 1 1 1 Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules; Chemical compounds; States: solid, liquid and gaseous; Changes between states. 2.2 Mechanics 2.2.1 Statics 1 2 1 Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors; Centre of gravity; Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion; Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas; Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers). 2.2.2 Kinetics 1 2 1 Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity); Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal and centripetal forces); Periodic motion: pendular movement; Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 23 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 Velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency. 2.2.3 Dynamics (a) 1 2 1 Mass; Force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency; (b) 1 2 2 Momentum, conservation of momentum; Impulse; Gyroscopic principles; Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance). 2.2.4 Fluid dynamics (a) 2 2 2 Specific gravity and density; (b) 1 2 1 Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining; Effects of compressibility on fluids; Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli’s Theorem, venturi. 2.3 Thermodynamics (a) 2 2 2 Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin, heat definition; (b) — 2 2 Heat capacity, specific heat; Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction; Volumetric expansion; First and second law of thermodynamics; Gases: ideal gases laws, specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas; Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 24 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 Latent heats of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion. 2.4 Optics (light) — 2 2 Nature of light, speed of light; Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces, reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses; Fiberoptics. 2.5 Wave motion and sound — 2 2 Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion, interference phenomena, standing waves; Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity, pitch and quality, Doppler effect. Module 3 Electrical fundamentals Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 3.1 Electron theory 1 1 1 Structure and distribution of electrical charges within atoms, molecules, ions, compounds; Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators. 3.2 Static electricity and conduction 1 2 2 Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges; Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion; Units of charge, Coulomb’s Law; Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and vacuum. 3.3 Electrical terminology 1 2 2 The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 25 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 3.4 Generation of electricity 1 1 1 Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion. 3.5 DC sources of electricity 1 2 2 Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other Alkaline cells; Cells connected in series and parallel; Internal resistance and its effect on a battery; Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples; Operation of photo-cells. 3.6 DC circuits — 2 2 Ohms Law, Kirchoff’s Voltage and Current Laws; Calculations using the above laws to find resistance, voltage and current; Significance of the internal resistance of a supply. 3.7 Resistance and resistor (a) — 2 2 Resistance and affecting factors; Specific resistance; Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings; Resistors in series and parallel; Calculation of total resistance using series parallel and series parallel combinations; Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats; Operation of Wheatstone Bridge; (b) — 1 1 Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance; Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction; Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; Construction of potentiometers and rheostats; Construction of Wheatstone Bridge. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 26 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 3.8 Power — 2 2 Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential); Dissipation of power by a resistor; Power formula; Calculations involving power, work and energy. 3.9 Capacitance and capacitor — 2 2 Operation and function of a capacitor; Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating; Capacitor types, construction and function; Capacitor colour coding; Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits; Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants; Testing of capacitors. 3.10 Magnetism (a) — 2 2 Theory of magnetism; Properties of a magnet; Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth’s magnetic field; Magnetisation and demagnetisation; Magnetic shielding; Various types of magnetic material; Electromagnets construction and principles of operation; Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 27 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 (b) — 2 2 Magneto-motive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents, coercive force; Precautions for care and storage of magnets. 3.11 Inductance and inductor — 2 2 Faraday’s Law; Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field; Induction principles; Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux, number of conductor turns; Mutual induction; The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has on induced voltage; Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other; Lenz’s Law and polarity determining rules; Back emf, self-induction; Saturation point; Principal uses of inductors. 3.12 DC motor and generator theory — 2 2 Basic motor and generator theory; Construction and purpose of components in DC generator; Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of, current flow in DC generators; Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors; Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors; Starter generator construction. 3.13 AC theory 1 2 2 Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle; Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of these values, in relation to voltage, current and power; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 28 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 Triangular and square waves; Single and 3 phase principles. 3.14 Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits — 2 2 Phase relationship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel; Power dissipation in L, C and R circuits; Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations; True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations. 3.15 Transformers — 2 2 Transformer construction principles and operation; Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them; Transformer action under load and no-load conditions; Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings; Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents; Calculation of power in a 3 phase system; Primary and secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency; Autotransformers. 3.16 Filters — 1 1 Operation, application and uses of the following filters: low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop. 3.17 AC generators — 2 2 Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced; Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators; Single phase, 2 phase and 3 phase alternators; Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses; Permanent magnet generators. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 29 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 3.18 AC motors — 2 2 Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase; Methods of speed control and direction of rotation; Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split pole. Module 4 Electronic fundamentals Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 4.1 Semiconductors 4.1.1 Diodes (a) — 2 2 Diode symbols; Diode characteristics and properties; Diodes in series and parallel; Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors), light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes; Functional testing of diodes; (b) — — 2 Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties; P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority and minority characters; PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions; Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current, temperature, frequency, leakage current, power dissipation; Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers, clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage doublers and triplers; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 30 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Shottky diode, photoconductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes, Zener diode. 4.1.2 Transistors (a) — 1 2 Transistor symbols; Component description and orientation; Transistor characteristics and properties; (b) — — 2 Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors; Base, collector and emitter configurations; Testing of transistors; Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses; Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A, B, C); Simple circuits including: bias, decoupling, feedback and stabilisation; Multistage circuit principles: cascades, push-pull, oscillators, multivibrators, flip-flop circuits. 4.1.3 Integrated circuits (a) — 1 — Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits and operational amplifiers; (b) — — 2 Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits; Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator, differentiator, voltage follower, comparator; Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive, inductive (transformer), inductive resistive (IR), direct; Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback. 4.2 Printed circuit boards — 1 2 Description and use of printed circuit boards. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 31 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 4.3 Servomechanisms (a) — 1 — Understanding of the following terms: open and closed loop systems, feedback, follow up, analogue transducers; Principles of operation and use of the following synchro system components and features: resolvers, differential, control and torque, transformers, inductance and capacitance transmitters; (b) — — 2 Understanding of the following terms: open and closed loop, follow up, servomechanism, analogue, transducer, null, damping, feedback, dead band; Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers, differential, control and torque, E and I transformers, inductance transmitters, capacitance transmitters, synchronous transmitters; Servo mechanism defects, reversal of synchro leads, hunting. Module 5 Digital techniques electronic instrument systems Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 5.1 Electronic instrument systems 1 2 3 Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems. 5.2 Numbering systems — 1 2 Numbering systems: binary, octal and hexadecimal; Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary, octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 32 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 5.3 Data conversion — 1 2 Analogue data, digital data; Operation and application of analogue to digital, and digital to analogue converters, inputs and outputs, limitations of various types. 5.4 Data buses — 2 2 Operation of data buses in aircraft systems, including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications. 5.5 Logic circuits (a) — 2 2 Identification of common logic gate symbols, tables and equivalent circuits; Applications used for aircraft systems, schematic diagrams. (b) — — 2 Interpretation of logic diagrams. 5.6 Basic computer structure (a) 1 2 — Computer terminology (including bit, byte, software, hard ware, CPU, IC and various memory devices such as RAM, ROM, PROM); Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems); (b) — — 2 Computer related terminology; Operation, layout and interface of the major components in a microcomputer including their associated bus systems; Information contained in single and multi address instruction words; Memory associated terms; Operation of typical memory devices; Operation, advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 33 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 5.7 Microprocessors — — 2 Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor; Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit, clock, register, arithmetic logic unit. 5.8 Integrated circuits — — 2 Operation and use of encoders and decoders; Function of encoder types; Uses of medium, large and very large scale integration. 5.9 Multiplexing — — 2 Operation, application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. 5.10 Fibre optics — 1 2 Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation; Fibre optic data bus; Fibre optic related terms, terminations; Couplers, control terminals, remote terminals; Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems. 5.11 Electronic displays — 2 2 Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft, including cathode ray tubes, light emitting diodes and liquid crystal display. 5.12 Electrostatic sensitive devices 1 2 2 Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges; Awareness of risks and possible damage, component and personnel anti-static protection devices. 5.13 Software management control — 2 2 Awareness of restrictions, airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programs. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 34 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 5.14 Electromagnetic environment — 2 2 Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system: EMC-electromagnetic compatibility; EMI-electromagnetic interference; HIRF-high intensity radiated field; Lightning and lightning protection. 5.15 Typical electronic and digital aircraft systems — 2 2 General arrangement of typical electronic and digital aircraft systems and associated BITE testing such as:  ACARS-ARINC communication and addressing and reporting system  ECAM-electronic centralised aircraft monitoring  EFIS-electronic flight instrument system  EICAS-engine indication and crew alerting system  FBW-fly-by-wire  FMS-flight management system  GPS-global positioning system  IRS-inertial reference system  TCAS-traffic alert collision avoidance system. Module 6 Materials and hardware Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 6.1 Aircraft materials ferrous (a) 1 2 1 Characteristics, properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft; Heat treatment and application of alloy steels; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 35 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 (b) — 1 1 Testing of ferrous materials for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance. 6.2 Aircraft materials — non-ferrous (a) 1 2 1 Characteristics, properties and identification of common non- ferrous materials used in aircraft; Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials; (b) — 1 1 Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact resistance. 6.3 Aircraft materials — composite and non-metallic 6.3.1 Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric (a) 1 2 2 Characteristics, properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials, other than wood, used in aircraft; Sealant and bonding agents; (b) 1 2 — The detection of defects and deterioration in composite and non-metallic material; Repair of composite and non-metallic material. 6.3.2 Wooden structures 1 2 — Construction methods of wooden airframe structures; Characteristics, properties and types of wood and glue used in aeroplanes; Preservation and maintenance of wooden structure; Types of defects in wood material and wooden structures; The detection of defects in wooden structure; Repair of wooden structure. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 36 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 6.3.3 Fabric covering 1 2 — Characteristics, properties and types of fabrics used in aeroplanes; Inspections methods for fabric; Types of defects in fabric; Repair of fabric covering. 6.4 Corrosion (a) 1 1 1 Chemical fundamentals; Formation by galvanic action process, microbiological, stress; (b) 2 3 2 Types of corrosion and their identification; Causes of corrosion; Material types, susceptibility to corrosion. 6.5 Fasteners 6.5.1 Screw threads 2 2 2 Screw nomenclature; Thread forms, dimensions and tolerances for standard threads used in aircraft; Measuring screw threads; 6.5.2 Bolts, studs and screws 2 2 2 Bolt types: specification, identification and marking of aircraft bolts, international standards; Nuts: self-locking, anchor, standard types; Machine screws: aircraft specifications; Studs: types and uses, insertion and removal; Self tapping screws, dowels. 6.5.3 Locking devices 2 2 2 Tab and spring washers, locking plates, split pins, pal-nuts, wire locking, quick release fasteners, keys, circlips, cotter pins. 6.5.4 Aircraft rivets 1 2 1 Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification, heat treatment. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 37 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 6.6 Pipes and unions (a) 2 2 2 Identification of, and types of, rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft; (b) 2 2 1 Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic and air system pipes. 6.7 Springs — 2 1 Types of springs, materials, characteristics and applications. 6.8 Bearings 1 2 2 Purpose of bearings, loads, material, construction; Types of bearings and their application. 6.9 Transmissions 1 2 2 Gear types and their application; Gear ratios, reduction and multiplication gear systems, driven and driving gears, idler gears, mesh patterns; Belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets. 6.10 Control cables 1 2 1 Types of cables; End fittings, turn buckles and compensation devices; Pulleys and cable system components; Bowden cables; Aircraft flexible control systems. 6.11 Electrical cables and connectors 1 2 2 Cable types, construction and characteristics; High tension and co-axial cables; Crimping; Connector types, pins, plugs, sockets, insulators, current and voltage rating, coupling, identification codes. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 38 Module 7 Maintenance practices Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 7.1 Safety precautions — aircraft and workshop 3 3 3 Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity, gases especially oxygen, oils and chemicals; Instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards including knowledge on extinguishing agents. 7.2 Workshop practices 3 3 3 Care of tools, control of tools, use of workshop materials; Dimensions, allowances and tolerances, standards of workmanship; Calibration of tools and equipment, calibration standards. 7.3 Tools 3 3 3 Common hand tool types; Common power tool types; Operation and use of precision measuring tools; Lubrication equipment and methods; Operation, function and use of electrical general test equipment. 7.4 Avionic general test equipment — 2 3 Operation, function and use of avionic general test equipment. 7.5 Engineering drawings, diagrams and standards 1 2 2 Drawing types and diagrams, their symbols, dimensions, tolerances and projections; Identifying title block information; Microfilm, microfiche and computerised presentations; Specification 100 of the ATA of America; Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO, AN, MS, NAS and MIL; Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 39 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 7.6 Fits and clearances 1 2 1 Drill sizes for bolt holes, classes of fits; Common system of fits and clearances; Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines; Limits for bow, twist and wear; Standard methods for checking shafts, bearings and other parts. 7.7 Electrical cables and connectors 1 3 3 Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing; Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated; Testing of crimp joints; Connector pin removal and insertion; Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions; Wiring protection techniques: cable looming and loom support, cable clamps, protective sleeving techniques including heat shrink wrapping, shielding. 7.8 Riveting 1 2 — Riveted joints, rivet spacing and pitch; Tools used for riveting and dimpling; Inspection of riveted joints. 7.9 Pipes and hoses 1 2 — Bending and belling and flaring aircraft pipes; Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses; Installation and clamping of pipes. 7.10 Springs 1 2 — Inspection and testing of springs. 7.11 Bearings 1 2 — Testing, cleaning and inspection of bearings; Lubrication requirements of bearings; Defects in bearings and their causes. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 40 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 7.12 Transmissions 1 2 — Inspection of gears, backlash; Inspection of belts and pulleys, chains and sprockets; Inspection of screw jacks, lever devices, push-pull rod systems. 7.13 Control cables 1 2 — Swaging of end fittings; Inspection and testing of control cables; Bowden cables; Aircraft flexible control systems. 7.14 Material handling 7.14.1 Sheet Metal — 2 — Marking out, and calculation of, bend allowance; Sheet metal working including bending and forming; Inspection of sheet metal work. 7.14.2 Composite and non-metallic — 2 — Bonding practices; Environmental conditions; Inspection methods. 7.15 Welding, brazing, soldering and bonding (a) — 2 2 Soldering methods, inspection of soldered joints; (b) — 2 — Welding and brazing methods; Inspection of welded and brazed joints; Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints. 7.16 Aircraft weight and balance (a) — 2 2 Centre of gravity and balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 41 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 (b) — 2 — Preparation of aircraft for weighing; Aircraft weighing. 7.17 Aircraft handling and storage 2 2 2 Aircraft taxiing and towing and associated safety precautions; Aircraft jacking, chocking, securing and associated safety precautions; Aircraft storage methods; Refuelling and defuelling procedures; De-icing and anti-icing procedures; Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies; Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation. 7.18 Disassembly, inspection, repair and assembly techniques (a) 2 3 2 Types of defects and visual inspection techniques; Corrosion removal, assessment and reprotection; (b) — 2 — General repair methods, Structural Repair Manual; Ageing, fatigue and corrosion control programs; (c) — 2 1 Non-destructive inspection techniques including: penetrant, radiographic, eddy current, ultrasonic and boroscope methods; (d) 2 2 2 Disassembly and re-assembly techniques; (e) — 2 2 Trouble shooting techniques. 7.19 Abnormal events (a) 2 2 2 Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 42 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 (b) 2 2 — Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence. 7.20 Maintenance procedures 1 2 2 Maintenance planning; Modification procedures; Stores procedures; Certification and release procedures; Interface with aircraft operation; Maintenance inspection, quality control and quality assurance; Additional maintenance procedures; Control of life limited components. Module 8 Basic aerodynamics Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 8.1 Physics of the atmosphere 1 2 2 International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), application aerodynamics. 8.2 Aerodynamics 1 2 2 Air flow around a body; Boundary layer, laminar and turbulent flow, free stream flow, relative airflow, up wash and downwash, vortices, stagnation; The terms: camber, chord, mean aerodynamic chord, profile (parasite) drag, induced drag, centre of pressure, angle of attack, wash in and washout, fineness ratio, wing shape and aspect ratio; Thrust, weight, aerodynamic resultant; Generation of lift and drag: angle of attack, lift coefficient, drag coefficient, polar curve, stall; Aerofoil contamination including ice, snow, frost. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 43 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 8.3 Theory of flight 1 2 2 Relationship between lift, weight, thrust and drag; Glide ratio; Steady state flights, performance; Theory of the turn; Influence of load factor: stall, flight envelope and structural limitations; Lift augmentation. 8.4 Flight stability and dynamics 1 2 2 Longitudinal, lateral and directional stability (active and passive). Module 9 Human factors Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 9.1 General 1 2 2 The need to take human factors into account; Incidents attributable to human factors and human error; ―Murphy’s‖ law. 9.2 Human performance and limitations 1 2 2 Vision; Hearing; Information processing; Attention and perception; Memory; Claustrophobia and physical access. 9.3 Social psychology 1 1 1 Responsibility: individual and group; Motivation and de-motivation; Peer pressure; Culture issues; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 44 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 Team working; Management, supervision and leadership. 9.4 Factors affecting performance 2 2 2 Fitness and health; Stress: domestic and work related; Time pressure and deadlines; Workload: overload and underload; Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork; Alcohol, medication, drug abuse. 9.5 Physical environment 1 1 1 Noise and fumes; Illumination; Climate and temperature; Motion and vibration; Working environment. 9.6 Tasks 1 1 1 Physical work; Repetitive tasks; Visual inspection; Complex systems. 9.7 Communication 2 2 2 Within and between teams; Work logging and recording; Keeping up-to-date, currency; Dissemination of information. 9.8 Human error 1 2 2 Error models and theories; Types of error in maintenance tasks; Implications of errors (i.e. accidents); Avoiding and managing errors. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 45 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 9.9 Hazards in the workplace 1 2 2 Recognising and avoiding hazards; Dealing with emergencies. Module 10 Aviation legislation Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 10.1 Regulatory Framework 1 1 1 Role of International Civil Aviation Organization; Role of CASA; Relationship between Parts 21, 42, 66, 145 and 147 of CASR 1998; Relationship with other aviation authorities. 10.2 Part 66 Certifying Staff 2 2 2 Detailed understanding of Part 66 of CASR 1998. 10.3 Part 145 – Approved maintenance organisations 2 2 2 Detailed understanding of Part 145 of CASR 1998. 10.4 Air operations 1 1 1 Air Operators’ Certificates; Operators’ responsibilities, in particular regarding continuing airworthiness and maintenance; Aircraft maintenance program; MEL/CDL; Documents to be carried on board; Aircraft placarding (markings). 10.5 Certification of aircraft, parts and appliances — 2 2 (a) General General understanding of Parts 21, 23, 25, 27 and 29 of CASR 1998; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 46 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 (b) Documents Certificates of Airworthiness; Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness; Special Flight Permits; Certificates of Registration; Noise Certificates; Weight Schedules; Radio Station Licences and Approvals. 10.6 Parts 21 and 42 2 2 2 (a) Detailed understanding of Part 21 of CASR 1998 provisions relating to continuing airworthiness; (b) Detailed understanding of Part 42 of CASR 1998. 10.7 Applicable national and international requirements (a) 1 2 2 Management programs, maintenance checks and inspections; Master Minimum Equipment Lists, Minimum Equipment List, Dispatch Deviation Lists; Airworthiness Directives; Service bulletins, manufacturers’ service information; Modification and repairs; Maintenance documentation: maintenance manuals, structural repair manuals, illustrated parts catalogue, etc. (b) — 1 1 Continuing airworthiness; Test flights; ETOPS, maintenance and despatch requirements; All weather operation: category 2 and 3 operations and minimum equipment requirements. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 47 Module 11 Aeroplane aerodynamics, structures and systems Level of knowledge for the category A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B2 11.1 Theory of flight 1 2 — 11.1.1 Aeroplane aerodynamics and flight controls Operation and effect of: Roll control: ailerons and spoilers; Pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards; Yaw control, rudder limiters; Control using elevons, ruddervators; High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons; Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes; Effects of wing fences, sawtooth leading edges; Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices; Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and anti-balance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels. 11.1.2 High speed flight 1 2 — Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight; Mach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shockwave, aerodynamic cheating, area rule; Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft; Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number. 11.2 Airframe structures — general concepts (a) 2 2 — Airworthiness requirements for structural strength; Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary; Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts; Zonal and station identification systems; Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue; Drains and ventilation provisions; System installation provisions; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 48 Level of knowledge for the category A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B2 Lightning strike protection provision; Aircraft bonding; (b) 1 2 — Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments; Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding; Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting; Surface cleaning; Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks. 11.3 Airframe structures — aeroplanes 11.3.1 Fuselage (ATA52/53/56) 1 2 — Construction and pressurisation sealing; Wing, stabiliser, pylon and under carriage attachments; Seat installation and cargo loading system; Doors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices; Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms. 11.3.2 Wings (ATA57) 1 2 — Construction; Fuel storage; Landing gear, pylon, control surface and highlift and drag attachments. 11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA55) 1 2 — Construction; Control surface attachment. 11.3.4 Flight control surface (ATA55/57) 1 2 — Construction and attachment; Balancing — mass and aerodynamic. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 49 Level of knowledge for the category A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B2 11.3.5 Nacelles and pylons (ATA54) 1 2 — Construction; Firewalls; Engine mounts. 11.4 Air-conditioning and cabin pressurisation (ATA21) 11.4.1 Air supply 1 2 — Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart. 11.4.2 Air-conditioning 1 3 — Air-conditioning systems; Air cycle and vapour cycle machines; Distribution systems; Flow, temperature and humidity control system. 11.4.3 Pressurisation 1 3 — Pressurisation systems; Control and indication including control and safety valves; Cabin pressure controllers; Heating systems. 11.4.4 Safety and warning devices 1 3 — Protection and warning devices. 11.5 Instruments and avionic systems 11.5.1 Instrument systems (ATA31) 1 2 — Pitot static: altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator; Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator; Compasses: direct reading, remote reading; Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems; Glass cockpit; Other aircraft system indication. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 50 Level of knowledge for the category A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B2 11.5.2 Avionic systems 1 1 — Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of: Auto flight (ATA22); Communications (ATA23); Navigation systems (ATA34). 11.6 Electrical power (ATA24) 1 3 — Batteries installation and operation; DC power generation; AC power generation; Emergency power generation; Voltage regulation; Power distribution; Inverters, transformers, rectifiers; Circuit protection; External and ground power. 11.7 Equipment and furnishings (ATA25) (a) 2 2 — Emergency equipment requirements; Seats, harnesses and belts; (b) 1 1 — Cabin layout; Equipment layout; Cabin furnishing installation; Cabin entertainment equipment; Galley installation; Cargo handling and retention equipment; Airstairs. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 51 Level of knowledge for the category A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B2 11.8 Fire protection (ATA26) (a) 1 3 — Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; Fire extinguishing systems; System tests; (b) 1 1 — Portable fire extinguisher. 11.9 Flight controls (ATA27) 1 3 — Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler; Trim control; Active load control; High lift devices; Lift dump, speed brakes; System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly-by-wire; Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks systems; Balancing and rigging; Stall protection and warning system. 11.10 Fuel systems (ATA28) 1 3 — System layout; Fuel tanks; Supply systems; Dumping, venting and draining; Cross-feed and transfer; Indications and warnings; Refuelling and defuelling; Longitudinal balance fuel systems. 11.11 Hydraulic power (ATA29) 1 3 — System layout; Hydraulic fluids; Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators; Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 52 Level of knowledge for the category A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B2 Emergency pressure generation; Pressure control; Power distribution; Indication and warning systems; Interface with other systems. 11.12 Ice and rain protection (ATA30) 1 3 — Ice formation, classification and detection; Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical; De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical; Rain repellent; Probe and drain heating; Wiper systems. 11.13 Landing gear (ATA32) 2 3 — Construction, shock absorbing; Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency; Indications and warning; Wheels, brakes, antiskid and auto braking; Tyres; Steering. 11.14 Lights (ATA33) 2 3 — External: navigation, anti-collision, landing, taxiing, ice; Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo; emergency. 11.15 Oxygen (ATA35) 1 3 — System layout: cockpit, cabin; Sources, storage, charging and distribution; Supply regulation; Indications and warnings. 11.16 Pneumatic and vacuum (ATA36) 1 3 — System layout; Sources: engine and APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply; Pressure control; Distribution; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 53 Level of knowledge for the category A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B2 Indications and warnings; Interfaces with other systems. 11.17 Water and waste (ATA38) 2 3 — Water system layout, supply, distribution, servicing and draining; Toilet system layout, flushing and servicing; Corrosion aspects. 11.18 On-board maintenance systems (ATA45) 1 2 — Central maintenance computers; Data loading system; Electronic library system; Printing; Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring). 11.19 Integrated modular avionics (ATA42) 1 2 — Functions that may be typically integrated in the integrated modular avionics (IMA) modules include: bleed management, air pressure control, air ventilation and control, avionics and cockpit ventilation control, temperature control, air traffic communication, avionics communication router, electrical load management, circuit breaker monitoring, electrical system BITE, fuel management, braking control, steering control, landing gear extension and retraction, tyre pressure indication, oleo pressure indication, brake temperature monitoring, core system, network components. 11.20 Cabin systems (ATA44) 1 2 — The units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing communication within the aircraft (cabin intercommunication data system) and between the aircraft cabin and ground stations (cabin network service). These include voice, data, music and video transmissions. The cabin intercommunication data system provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and cabin systems. These systems support data exchange of the different related LRUs and they are typically operated via flight attendant panels. The cabin network service typically consists on a server, typically interfacing with, among others, the following systems: data/radio Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 54 Level of knowledge for the category A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 B2 communication, in-flight entertainment system. The cabin network service may host functions such as:  access to pre-departure/departure reports  e-mail/intranet/internet access  passenger database  cabin core system  in-flight entertainment system  external communication system  cabin monitoring system  cabin mass memory system  miscellaneous cabin system. 11.21 Information systems (ATA46) 1 2 — The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information, traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. These do not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display. Typical examples include: air traffic and information management systems; network server systems; aircraft general information system; flight deck information system; maintenance information system; passenger cabin information system; miscellaneous information system. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 55 Module 12 Helicopter aerodynamics, structures and systems Level of knowledge for the category A B1.3 B1.4 B2 12.1 Theory of flight — rotary wing aerodynamics 1 2 — Terminology; Effects of gyroscopic precession; Torque reaction and directional control; Dissymmetry of lift, blade tip stall; Translating tendency and its correction; Coriolis effect and compensation; Vortex ring state, power settling, overpitching; Auto-rotation; Ground effect. 12.2 Flight control systems 2 3 — Cyclic control; Collective control; Swashplate; Yaw control: Anti-torque control, tail rotor, bleed air; Main rotor head: design and operation features; Blade dampers: function and construction; Rotor blades: main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment; Trim control, fixed and adjustable stabilisers; System operation: manual, hydraulic, electrical and fly-by-wire; Artificial feel; Balancing and rigging. 12.3 Blade tracking and vibration analysis 1 3 — Rotor alignment; Main and tail rotor tracking; Static and dynamic balancing; Vibration types, vibration reduction methods; Ground resonance. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 56 Level of knowledge for the category A B1.3 B1.4 B2 12.4 Transmissions 1 3 — Gearboxes, main and tail rotors; Clutches, freewheel units and rotor brake. 12.5 Airframe structures (a) 2 2 — Airworthiness requirements for structural strength; Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary; Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts; Zonal and station identification systems; Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue; Drains and ventilation provisions; System installation provisions; Lightning strike protection provision; (b) 1 2 — Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection; Pylon, stabiliser and undercarriage attachments; Seat installation; Doors: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices; Windows and windscreen construction; Fuel storage; Firewalls; Engine mounts; Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding; Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting; Surface cleaning; Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 57 Level of knowledge for the category A B1.3 B1.4 B2 12.6 Air-conditioning (ATA21) 12.6.1 Air supply 1 2 — Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart. 12.6.2 Air-conditioning Air-conditioning systems; Distribution systems; Flow and temperature control systems; Protection and warning devices. 1 3 — 12.7 Instruments and avionic systems 12.7.1 Instrument systems (ATA31) 1 2 — Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator; Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator; Compasses: direct reading, remote reading; Vibration indicating systems — HUMS; Glass cockpit; Other aircraft system indication. 12.7.2 Avionic systems 1 1 — Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of: Auto flight (ATA22); Communications (ATA23); Navigation Systems (ATA34). 12.8 Electrical power (ATA24) 1 3 — Batteries installation and operation; DC power generation, AC power generation; Emergency power generation; Voltage regulation, circuit protection; Power distribution; Inverters, transformers, rectifiers; External and ground power. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 58 Level of knowledge for the category A B1.3 B1.4 B2 12.9 Equipment and furnishings (ATA25) (a) 2 2 — Emergency equipment requirements; Seats, harnesses and belts; Lifting systems; (b) 1 1 — Emergency flotation systems; Cabin layout, cargo retention; Equipment layout; Cabin furnishing installation. 12.10 Fire protection (ATA26) 1 3 — Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; Fire extinguishing systems; System tests. 12.11 Fuel systems (ATA28) 1 3 — System layout; Fuel tanks; Supply systems; Dumping, venting and draining; Cross-feed and transfer; Indications and warnings; Refuelling and defuelling. 12.12 Hydraulic power (ATA29) 1 3 — System layout; Hydraulic fluids; Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators; Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic; Emergency pressure generation; Pressure control; Power distribution; Indication and warning systems; Interface with other systems. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 59 Level of knowledge for the category A B1.3 B1.4 B2 12.13 Ice and rain protection (ATA30) 1 3 — Ice formation, classification and detection; Anti-icing and de-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical; Rain repellent and removal; Probe and drain heating. 12.14 Landing gear (ATA32) 2 3 — Construction, shock absorbing; Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency; Indications and warning; Wheels, tyres, brakes; Steering; Skids, floats. 12.15 Lights (ATA33) 2 3 — External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice; Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo; emergency. 12.16 Pneumatic and vacuum (ATA36) 1 3 — System layout; Sources: engine, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply; Pressure control; Distribution; Indication sand warnings; Interfaces with other systems. 12.17 Integrated modular avionics (ATA42) 1 2 — Functions that may be typically integrated in the integrated modular avionic (IMA) modules include: bleed management, air pressure control, air ventilation and control, avionics and cockpit ventilation control, temperature control, air traffic communication, avionics communication router, electrical load management, circuit breaker monitoring, electrical system BITE, fuel management, braking control, steering control, landing gear extension and retraction, tyre pressure indication, oleo pressure indication, brake temperature monitoring; Core system; Network components. Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 60 Level of knowledge for the category A B1.3 B1.4 B2 12.18 On-board maintenance systems (ATA45) 1 2 — Central maintenance computers; Data loading system; Electronic library system; Printing; Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring). 12.19 Information systems (ATA46) 1 2 — The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital information, traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. These include units that are dedicated to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and controller. These do not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display. Typical examples include: air traffic and information management systems; network server system; aircraft general information system; flight deck information system; maintenance information system; passenger cabin information system; miscellaneous information system. Module 13 Aircraft structures and systems Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 13.1 Theory of flight (a) Aeroplane aerodynamics and flight controls — — 1 Operation and effect of:  roll control: ailerons and spoilers;  pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;  yaw control, rudder limiters; Control using elevons, ruddervators; Federal Register of Legislative Instruments F2014C00648 Part 66 Manual of Standards 61 Level of knowledge for the category A B1 B2 Highlift devices: slots, slats, flaps; Drag inducing devices: spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes; Operation and effect of trim tabs, servo tabs, control surface bias; (b) High speed flight — — 1 Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight, Mach number, critical Mach number; (c) Rotary wing aerodynamics — — 1 Terminology; Operation and effect of cyclic, collective and anti-torque controls. 13.2 Structures — general concepts (a) — — 1 Fundamentals