JO 7110.65W
CESSNA U206G STATIONAIR II · Training Manual
Overview
This document is the FAA Order JO 7110.65W, which prescribes air traffic control procedures and phraseology for use by personnel providing air traffic control services. It is intended for all Air Traffic Organization (ATO) personnel and anyone utilizing ATO directives. The manual includes detailed instructions on various air traffic control procedures, operational responsibilities, and clarifications on terminology and abbreviations relevant to air traffic control. It serves as a comprehensive guide to ensure safety and efficiency in air traffic management.
- The effective date of this order is December 10, 2015.
- Controllers must be familiar with the provisions of this order that pertain to their operational responsibilities.
- The manual includes detailed procedures for handling flight plans and control information.
- Clear communication protocols are essential for safe air traffic management.
Document
Source
Originally published by www.faa.gov. Sprinkle hosts a reference copy with an added summary, specifications and searchable full text.
Document details
- Type
- Training Manual
- Year
- 2015
- Pages
- 729
- File size
- 5.3 MB
- Publisher
- www.faa.gov
Most owners only have the POH. Here's the essential set for the CESSNA U206G STATIONAIR II.
- Pilot's Operating Handbook / AFM
- Checklist
- Maintenance Manual
- Parts Catalog (IPC)
- Systems & Wiring
- Service Bulletins
- Type Certificate (TCDS)
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In this document
General Control
This section outlines the fundamental principles governing air traffic control operations, including duty priorities, procedural preferences, and operational priorities. It emphasizes the importance of expeditious compliance with instructions and the need for safety alerts during operations.
Flight Plans and Control Information
This section details the procedures for recording and forwarding flight plan information, including military DVFR departures and IFR to VFR flight plan changes. It provides guidelines for managing flight progress data and ensuring accurate communication between U.S. ARTCCs and Canadian ACCs.
Radio and Interphone Communications
This section covers the protocols for radio communications between pilots and air traffic controllers, including monitoring procedures, pilot acknowledgment, and authorized transmissions. It stresses the importance of clear communication to avoid misunderstandings during operations.
Safety Management System (SMS)
This section introduces the Safety Management System, which is designed to enhance safety in air traffic operations. It outlines the responsibilities of personnel in managing safety-related issues and the importance of reporting essential flight information.
Safety notes
- Controllers are required to exercise their best judgment in situations not covered by this order.
- Safety alerts must be issued in the event of hazardous in-flight weather conditions.
Full document text
Distribution: ZAT-710, ZAT-464 Initiated By: AJV-0 Vice President, System Operations Services This order prescribes air traffic control procedures and phraseology for use by personnel providing air traffic control services. Controllers are required to be familiar with the provisions of this order that pertain to their operational responsibilities and to exercise their best judgment if they encounter situations not covered by it. Effective Date: December 10, 2015 Air Traffic Organization Policy SUBJ: Air Traffic Control ORDER JO 7110.65W DIRECTIVE NO. RECORD OF CHANGES JO 7110.65W CHANGE TO BASIC SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL CHANGE TO BASIC SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL FAA Form 1320−5 (6−80) USE PREVIOUS EDITION Distribution: ZAT-710, ZAT-464 Initiated By: AJV-0 Vice President, Mission Support Services CHANGE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION JO 7110.65W CHG 1 Air Traffic Organization Policy Effective Date: 05/26/16 SUBJ: Air Traffic Control 1. Purpose of This Change. This change transmits revised pages to Federal Aviation Administration Order JO 7110.65W, Air Traffic Control, and the Briefing Guide. 2. Audience. This change applies to all Air Traffic Organization (ATO) personnel and anyone using ATO directives. 3. Where Can I Find This Change? This change is available on the FAA Web site at http://faa.gov/air_traffic/publications and https://employees.faa.gov/tools_resources/orders_notices/. 4. Explanation of Policy Change. See the Explanation of Changes attachment which has editorial corrections and changes submitted through normal procedures. The Briefing Guide lists only new or modified material, along with background. 5. Distribution. This change is distributed to selected offices in Washington headquarters, regional offices, service area offices, the William J. Hughes Technical Center, and the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. Also, copies are sent to all air traffic field facilities and international aviation field offices; and to interested aviation public. 6. Disposition of Transmittal. Retain this transmittal until superseded by a new basic order. 7. Page Control Chart. See the page control chart attachment. Elizabeth L. Ray Vice President, Mission Support Services Air Traffic Organization Date: __________________________ JO 7110.65W CHG 1 5/26/16 Explanation of Changes E of C−1 Explanation of Changes Change 1 Direct questions through appropriate facility/service center office staff to the Office of Primary Interest (OPI) a. 1-1-9. REQUESTS FOR INTERPRETA- TIONS OR CLARIFICATIONS This change adds processes for requesting interpretations or clarifications pertaining to FAA Order JO 7110.65 content. b. 1-2-6. ABBREVIATIONS 2-3-10. CONTROL SYMBOLOGY 2-4-17. NUMBERS USAGE 2-5-2. NAVAID TERMS 2-5-3. NAVAID FIXES 3-3-2. CLOSED/UNSAFE RUNWAY INFORMATION 3-7-5. PRECISION APPROACH CRITICAL AREA 4-1-1. ALTITUDE AND DISTANCE LIMITATIONS 4-6-4. HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS 4-7-5. MILITARY TURBOJET EN ROUTE DESCENT 4-7-13. SWITCHING ILS/MLS RUNWAYS 5-1-13. RADAR SERVICE TERMINATION 5-9-2. FINAL APPROACH COURSE INTERCEPTION 5-9-4. ARRIVAL INSTRUCTIONS 5-9-5. APPROACH SEPARATION RESPONSIBILITY 5-9-6. SIMULTANEOUS DEPENDENT APPROACHES 5-9-9. SIMULTANEOUS OFFSET INSTRUMENT APPROACHES (SOIA) – HIGH UPDATE RADAR 5-13-1. MONITOR ON PAR EQUIPMENT 5-13-3. MONITOR INFORMATION 13-1-8. RECORDING OF CONTROL DATA Due to lack of MLS and approach procedures in the NAS, this change removes all MLS references. c. 1-2-6. ABBREVIATIONS This change adds the abbreviation “NOWGT” to the subject paragraph. d. 2-3-6. AIRCRAFT TYPE This change deletes the contents of Appendices A, B, and C, and redirects the reader to FAA Order 7360.1, Aircraft Type Designators. e. 2-6-2. HAZARDOUS INFLIGHT WEATHER ADVISORY SERVICE 2-9-3. CONTENT This change reflects the migration of the En Route Flight Advisory Service responsibilities into the InFlight position and the discontinued use of the term “Flight Watch” within the CONUS and Puerto Rico. f. 2-6-4. WEATHER AND CHAFF SERVICES This change adds the requirement for issuing an altitude to maintain when clearing an aircraft to deviate after a crossing altitude had already been issued, including Climb Via or Descend Via clearances on SID/STAR procedures. g. 2-10-1. EN ROUTE SECTOR TEAM POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES This change adds oceanic sector teams to the title and deletes subparagraph 2-10-1a2. It also removes the remaining subparagraph designators that are no longer needed. h. 2-10-2. TERMINAL RADAR/ NONRADAR TEAM RESPONSIBILITIES This change deletes subparagraph 2-10-2a2 and removes the subparagraph 2-10-2 designators that are no longer needed. i. 2-10-3. TOWER TEAM RESPONSIBILITIES This change deletes subparagraph 2-10-3a2 and removes the subparagraph 2-10-3a designators that are no longer needed. JO 7110.65W CHG 1 5/26/16 E of C−2 j. 3-3-7. FAR FIELD MONITOR (FFM) REMOTE STATUS UNIT The MM, or in the absence of a MM, 1/2 mile final and the IM or CAT II Missed Approach Point (MAP) will be used as reference points for the issuance of the localizer reliability advisory. k. 3-8-1. SEQUENCE/SPACING APPLICATION This change advises pilots to inform ATC as soon as possible of any delay clearing the runway during their stop-and-go or full stop landing. l. 3-9-6. SAME RUNWAY SEPARATION This change makes all the figures consistent with the logic provided in the text. The shaded aircraft in FIG 3-9-3 is moved to be within the confines of the runway, similar to the departure aircraft depicted in FIG 3-9-1 and FIG 3-9-2. m. 3-9-9. NONINTERSECTING CONVERGING RUNWAY OPERATIONS This change relocates a subparagraph of 3-9-9, and renumbers the remaining subparagraphs. n. 3-10-5. LANDING CLEARANCE This change allows controllers to be clearer with their instructions when controlling aircraft in the traffic pattern while utilizing LUAW procedures. These additional examples will reduce pilot confusion. o. 4-2-5. ROUTE OR ALTITUDE AMENDMENTS
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This change conveys to ATC they cannot modify these restrictions (speed and/or crossing altitudes) since they are needed to ensure obstacle avoidance. p. 4-3-2. DEPARTURE CLEARANCES This change clarifies that both textual and graphic ODPs can be assigned by ATC to ensure aircraft separation. q. 4-7-12. AIRPORT CONDITIONS 4-8-1. APPROACH CLEARANCE 4-8-9. MISSED APPROACH 4-8-10. APPROACH INFORMATION This change prescribes controller responsibility when informed that a pilot will conduct Cold Temperature Compensation (CTC). r. 4-8-1. APPROACH CLEARANCE This change revises the associated FIG 4-8-5 to be consistent with the content. s. 5-1-3. RADAR USE This change provides procedural guidance for facilities providing ATC services using ADS-B and WAM as surveillance sources. t. 5-4-3. METHODS This change allows the use of the CID as a means for the transferring controller to identify an aircraft in making an intra-facility point out. u. 5−4−6. RECEIVING CONTROLLER HANDOFF Changes to this paragraph were inadvertently omitted from the global implementation of the previously vetted FAA Order 7110.311C, into FAA Order 7110.65. v. 5-6-2. METHODS This change adds the requirement to issue an altitude to maintain when clearing an aircraft to deviate off of a procedure containing published crossing restrictions except when the aircraft has not yet been cleared to navigate vertically. w. 5-9-10. SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT APPROACHES TO WIDELY-SPACED PARALLEL RUNWAYS WITHOUT FINAL MONITORS This change allows controllers to discontinue using 1,000 feet vertical or 3 miles radar separation between aircraft conducting an RNAV (RNP) approach that contains a radius-to-fix (RF) leg and aircraft conducting a straight-in ILS/RNAV with vertical guidance/GLS, or another RNAV (RNP) approach with an RF leg once the aircraft are established on their respective approach proced- ures. x. 7-2-1. VISUAL SEPARATION This change clarifies existing procedures and responsibilities and revises phraseology to ensure understanding of ATC clearances and instructions. y. 7-4-4. APPROACHES TO MULTIPLE RUNWAYS This change permits the use of RNAV procedures and direct courses that will intercept the extended centerline of the runway at an angle not greater than 30 degrees, to be used in lieu of radar vectors. This JO 7110.65W CHG 1 5/26/16 Explanation of Changes E of C−3 change also permits use of procedures using radius-to-fix legs that intercept final in lieu of 30-degree intercept provisions otherwise contained in this paragraph. z. 8-7-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-8-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-9-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8-10-3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION This change implements ADS-B ITP to allow climb and descent of appropriately equipped aircraft using reduced separation in the oceanic domain upon pilot request. aa. 9-1-2. SPECIAL HANDLING This change increases Air Traffic awareness that aircraft using the call sign FLIGHT VAL will be performing Flight Validation activities that are similar to Flight Check activities, but no additional priority is granted. ab. 10-2-13. MANPADS ALERT This change identifies the DEN as the FAA Headquarters office for MANPADS notifications, adds a clarification edit, and a reference to FAA Order JO 7610.4. ac. 11-1-1. DUTY RESPONSIBILITY 11-1-2. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBIL- ITIES 11-1-3. TIME−BASED FLOW MANAGEMENT (TBFM) This change incorporates responsibilities for the use of TBFM into FAA Order JO 7110.65. It provides specific directions to facilities as to duties and responsibilities. ad. 13-1-9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AUTOMATED NOTIFICATION This change adds the requirement for the first sector displaying the Embedded Route Text (ERT) coding to issue and acknowledge the ERT coding unless otherwise coordinated or specified in appropriate facility directives. ae. Appendix A - Aircraft Information Fixed-Wing Aircraft Appendix B - Aircraft Information Helicopters/Rotorcrafts Appendix C - Aircraft Information Specific Amateur−Built/Experimental Aircraft This change directs readers to a new source of aircraft information and deletes Appendices A, B, and C. af. Entire publication A global search and replace was conducted on the term “A/FD − Airport/Facility Directory.” This term is now being referred to as “Chart Supplement U.S.” Additional editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used because of the insignificant nature of these changes. JO 7110.65W 12/10/15 ERRATA SHEET SUBJECT: FAA Order JO 7110.65W, Air Traffic Control, effective December 10, 2015. This errata sheet transmits the revised pages to the subject order. REMOVE PAGE DATED INSERT PAGE DATED 4−8−3 and 4−8−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12/10/15 4−8−3 and 4−8−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12/10/15 5−9−7 and 5−9−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12/10/15 5−9−7 and 5−9−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12/10/15 Attachment JO 7110.65W 12/10/15 Explanation of Changes E of C−1 Explanation of Changes Basic Direct questions through appropriate facility/service center office staff to the Office of Primary Interest (OPI) ag. 1-1-7. DELIVERY DATES This change deletes the requirement to contact the local National Geospatial/Intelligence Agency representative to obtain required publications and adds both the Defense Switching Network and commercial telephone contact numbers to request required publications. ah. 1-2-6. ABBREVIATIONS 2-2-11. FORWARDING AMENDED AND UTM DATA 2-6-2. HAZARDOUS INFLIGHT WEATHER ADVISORY SERVICE (HIWAS) 2-10-1. EN ROUTE SECTOR TEAM POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES 4-5-3. EXCEPTIONS 4-6-3. DELAYS 5-1-6. SERVICE LIMITATIONS 5-2-2. DISCRETE ENVIRONMENT 5-2-17. VALIDATION OF MODE C READOUT 5-3-3. BEACON IDENTIFICATION METHODS 5-3-8. TARGET MARKERS 5-4-3. METHODS 5-4-5. TRANSERRING CONTROLLER HANDOFF 5-4-7. POINT OUT 5-4-11. EN ROUTE FOURTH LINE DATA BLOCK USAGE 5-5-4. MINIMA 5-5-9. SEPARATION FROM OBSTRUCTIONS 5-5-10. ADJACENT AIRSPACE 5-5-11. EDGE OF SCOPE 5-6-2. METHODS 5-14-1. CONFLICT ALERT (CA) AND MODE C INTRUDER (MCI) ALERT 5-14-3. COMPUTER ENTRY OF ASSIGNED ALTITUDE 5-14-5. SELECTED ALTITUDE LIMITS 5-14-8. CONTROLLER INITIATED COAST TRACKS 5-14-9. ERAM COMPUTER ENTRIES OF HOLD INFORMATION 5-14-10. ERAM VISUAL INDICATOR OF SPECIAL ACTIVITY AIRSPACE (SAA) STATUS 10-2-5. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 11-1-2. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 13-1-1. DESCRIPTION 13-1-2. CONFLICT DETECTION AND RESOLUTION 13-1-3. TRIAL PLANNING 13-1-4. URET−BASED CLEARANCES 13-1-5. THE AIRCRAFT LIST (ACL), DEPARTURE (DL), AND FLIGHT DATA MANAGEMENT 13-1-6. MANUAL COORDINATION AND THE COORDINATION MENU 13-1-7. HOLDING 13-1-8. RECORDING OF CONTROL DATA 13-1-9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AUTOMATED NOTIFICATION 13-1-10. CURRENCY OF TRAJECTORY INFORMATION 13-1-11. DELAY REPORTING 13-1-12. OVERDUE AIRCRAFT 13-1-14. FORCAST WINDS 13-1-15. INTERFACILITY CONNECTIVITY 13-1-16. PRIMARY RDP/FDP OUTAGES 13-1-17. URET AIRSPACE CONFIGURATION ELEMENTS The changes are intended to be a verbatim incorporation of previously vetted FAA Order 7110.311C, into FAA Order 7110.65. Some of the paragraphs that will have ERAM terminology added to them also contain legacy terminology that is no longer valid and those terms are being removed. During this global cleanup, additional paragraphs that were not part of FAA Order JO 7110.65W 12/10/15 E of C−2 7110.311C but contained legacy terminology were also identified. In these paragraphs, minor editorial changes were made to remove outdated legacy terms. ai. 1-2-6. ABBREVIATIONS 2-1-6. SAFETY ALERTS 5-2-13. CODE MONITOR 5-2-17. VALIDATION OF MODE C 5-4-6. RECEIVING CONTROLLER HANDOFF 5-5-2. TARGET SEPARATION 5-5-4. MINIMA 5-15-1. APPLICATION Chapter 5, Section 16. TPX-42 7-6-1. BASIC RADAR SERVICE TO VFR AIRCRAFT 7-7-3. SEPARATION 7-8-3. SEPARATION 7-9-4. SEPARATION This change includes new procedures for ADS-B only surveillance as prescribed in the CARTS and STARS ADS-B Only SRMD addendum. Chapter 5, Section 15, has been revised to include STARS and adds ERAM related Mode C content. Obsolete provisions relating to TPX-42 and references to PIDP and DAIR have been removed. This change also moves Target Resolution information now contained in Chapter 7 NOTES into procedural guidance. This change cancels and incorporates N JO 7110.683, Guidance for the Implementation of FUSION/Automatic Dependent Surveillance− Broadcast (ADS−B) within Common Automated Terminal System Model IIIE (CARTS) and Standard Automation Replacement System (STARTS) effective January 29, 2015. aj. 1-2-6. ABBREVIATIONS 8-1-7. OCEANIC NAVIGATIONAL ERROR REPORTING (ONER) PROCEDURES This changes the title of paragraph of 8−1−7 and deletes the NOTE. ak. 2-1-6. SAFETY ALERT With this modification, paragraph 2-1-6b example will comply with prescribed phraseology. al. 2-1-19. WAKE TURBULENCE 2-1-20. WAKE TURBULENCE CAUTIONARY ADVISORIES 2-4-14. WORDS AND PHRASES 2-4-21. DESCRIPTION OF AIRCRAFT TYPES 3-3-5. BRAKING ACTION ADVISORIES 3-7-3. GROUND OPERATIONS 3-10-10. ALTITUDE RESTRICTED LOW APPROACH 4-8-11. PRACTICE APPROACHES 5-5-7. PASSING OR DIVERGING 7-2-1. VISUAL SEPARATION This change adds the Super weight class to the order. Where applicable, “When wake turbulence separation is required” is used in lieu of excessive wording. am. 2-3-8. AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT SUFFIX This change adds an additional aircraft equipment suffix, Slant O (/O), for RVSM capable aircraft that maintain an operating transponder with no Mode C altitude reporting capability. This suffix is for ATC use only. an. 3-9-6. SAME RUNWAY SEPARATION 3-9-7. WAKE TURBULENCE SEPARATION FOR INTERSECTION DEPARTURES 3-9-8. INTERSECTING RUNWAY/INTERSECTING FLIGHT PATH OPERATIONS 3-9-9. NONINTERSECTING CONVERGING RUNWAY OPERATIONS 3-10-3. SAME RUNWAY SEPARATION 3-10-4. INTERSECTING RUNWAY/INTERSECTING FLIGHT PATH OPERATIONS 5-5-4. MINIMA 5-5-7. PASSING OR DIVERGING 5-8-3. SUCCESSIVE OR SIMULTANEOUS DEPARTURES 5-8-5. DEPARTURES AND ARRIVALS ON PARALLEL OR NONINTERSECTING DIVERGING RUNWAYS 6-1-4. ADJACENT AIRPORT OPERATION 6-1-5. ARRIVAL MINIMA 6-7-5. ARRIVAL MINIMA 7-4-3. CLEARANCE FOR VISUAL APPROACH 7-4-4. APPROACHES TO MULTIPLE RUNWAYS 7-6-7. SEQUENCING This change adds the super weight class to the listed paragraphs, modifies wake turbulence separation JO 7110.65W 12/10/15 Explanation of Changes E of C−3 minima behind the B757 aircraft, and adds a requirement to provide 10 NM separation in front of and behind an aircraft when the data block indicates “NOWGT.” Paragraph 3-9-7 has been edited to define the requirements of the procedure in a progressive format for easier readability. ao. 3-9-9. NONINTERSECTING CONVERGING RUNWAY OPERATIONS The change describes the conditions where an independent safety analysis specific to Converging Runway Operations could provide an equivalent level of safety and improve efficiency. ap. 4-3-2. DEPARTURE CLEARANCES This change adds directive guidance not to solicit a VCOA from the pilot. It also adds a new NOTE specifying that pilots will advise ATC of their intent to utilize the VCOA option. aq. 4-8-1. APPROACH CLEARANCE This change reorganizes content to provide clarity. ar. 4-8-11. PRACTICE APPROACHES 7-3-1. VFR-ON-TOP 10-6-5. SERVICES TO RESCUE AIRCRAFT This change removes the word “standard” while ensuring the application of IFR separation. as. 5-4-2. TERMS The change revises the term “point out” for consistency and added clarity. at. 5-6-1. APPLICATION This change removes the last sentence from paragraph 5-6-1a due to misapplication related to the vectoring and rerouting of RNAV aircraft. All aircraft should be allowed to remain on their own navigation to the extent possible, consistent with operational needs and pilot requests. au. 5-9-6. SIMULTANEOUS DEPENDENT APPROACHES This change introduces the use of 1 mile radar separation diagonally on simultaneous dependent approaches when runway centerlines are separated by at least 2,500 feet but no more than 3,600 feet; and it alters the existing paragraph to account for the new 3,600 foot standard. There are no additional conditions or procedures required when utilizing the 1 NM minimum separation standard. av. 5-9-7. SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT APPROACHES – DUAL AND TRIPLE This change incorporates the latest AFS guidance concerning centerline spacing in the conduct of simultaneous parallel approaches. This change also articulates specific AFS mitigations not previously included. Lastly, the paragraph has been re-organized by moving monitoring requirement from the runway spacing provisions, and specifies that FUSION is not to be used when conducting final monitoring activities. aw. 5-9-8. SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT CLOSE PARALLEL APPROACHES-HIGH UPDATE RADAR 5-9-9. SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT CLOSE PARALLEL APPROACHES – HIGH UPDATE RADAR NOT REQUIRED 5-9-10. SIMULTANEOUS OFFSET INSTRUMENT APPROACHES (SOIA)−HIGH UPDATE RADAR 5-9-11. SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT APPROACHES TO WIDELY−SPACED PARALLEL RUNWAYS WITHOUT FINAL MONITORS This change revises paragraph 5−9−8 to include PRM Approaches to better articulate the appropriate circumstances when PRM approaches need to be assigned to users which is lacking today. This change also deletes paragraph 5−9−9, and renumbers 5−9−10 and 5−9−11. ax. 5-9-11. TRANSITIONAL PROCEDURES This new paragraph allows a controller to issue control instructions without incurring a loss of separation which results in a low MOC. ay. Entire Publication Additional editorial/format changes were made where necessary. Revision bars were not used because of the insignificant nature of these changes. JO 7110.65W CHG 1 05/26/16 i Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1. General Section 1. Introduction Paragraph Page 1−1−1. PURPOSE OF THIS ORDER 1−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−2. AUDIENCE 1−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−3. WHERE TO FIND THIS ORDER 1−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−4. WHAT THIS ORDER CANCELS 1−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−5. EXPLANATION OF CHANGES 1−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−6. SUBMISSION CUTOFF AND EFFECTIVE DATES 1−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−7. DELIVERY DATES 1−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−8. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROCEDURAL CHANGES 1−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−9. REQUESTS FOR INTERPRETATIONS OR CLARIFICATIONS TO THIS ORDER 1−1−2 1−1−10. PROCEDURAL LETTERS OF AGREEMENT 1−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−11. CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING SUPPLEMENTS AND PROCEDURAL DEVIATIONS 1−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−12. SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SMS) 1−1−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−13. REFERENCES TO FAA NON−AIR TRAFFIC ORGANIZATIONS 1−1−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−1−14. DISTRIBUTION 1−1−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Terms of Reference 1−2−1. WORD MEANINGS 1−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−2−2. COURSE DEFINITIONS 1−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−2−3. NOTES 1−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−2−4. REFERENCES 1−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−2−5. ANNOTATIONS 1−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1−2−6. ABBREVIATIONS 1−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 2. General Control Section 1. General 2−1−1. ATC SERVICE 2−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−2. DUTY PRIORITY 2−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−3. PROCEDURAL PREFERENCE 2−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−4. OPERATIONAL PRIORITY 2−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−5. EXPEDITIOUS COMPLIANCE 2−1−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−6. SAFETY ALERT 2−1−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−7. INFLIGHT EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 2−1−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−8. MINIMUM FUEL 2−1−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−9. REPORTING ESSENTIAL FLIGHT INFORMATION 2−1−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−10. NAVAID MALFUNCTIONS 2−1−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−11. USE OF MARSA 2−1−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−12. MILITARY PROCEDURES 2−1−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−13. FORMATION FLIGHTS 2−1−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−14. COORDINATE USE OF AIRSPACE 2−1−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−15. CONTROL TRANSFER 2−1−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05/26/16 JO 7110.65W CHG 1 ii Table of Contents Paragraph Page 2−1−16. SURFACE AREAS 2−1−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−17. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 2−1−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−18. OPERATIONAL REQUESTS 2−1−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−19. WAKE TURBULENCE 2−1−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−20. WAKE TURBULENCE CAUTIONARY ADVISORIES 2−1−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−21. TRAFFIC ADVISORIES 2−1−10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−22. BIRD ACTIVITY INFORMATION 2−1−11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−23. TRANSFER OF POSITION RESPONSIBILITY 2−1−11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−24. WHEELS DOWN CHECK 2−1−11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−25. SUPERVISORY NOTIFICATION 2−1−11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−26. PILOT DEVIATION NOTIFICATION 2−1−12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−27. TCAS RESOLUTION ADVISORIES 2−1−12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−28. RVSM OPERATIONS 2−1−12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−29. TERRAIN AWARENESS WARNING SYSTEM (TAWS) ALERTS 2−1−13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−1−30. “BLUE LIGHTNING” EVENTS 2−1−13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Flight Plans and Control Information 2−2−1. RECORDING INFORMATION 2−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−2. FORWARDING INFORMATION 2−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−3. FORWARDING VFR DATA 2−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−4. MILITARY DVFR DEPARTURES 2−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−5. IFR TO VFR FLIGHT PLAN CHANGE 2−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−6. IFR FLIGHT PROGRESS DATA 2−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−7. MANUAL INPUT OF COMPUTER-ASSIGNED BEACON CODES 2−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−8. ALTRV INFORMATION 2−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−9. COMPUTER MESSAGE VERIFICATION 2−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−10. TRANSMIT PROPOSED FLIGHT PLAN 2−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−11. FORWARDING AMENDED AND UTM DATA 2−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−12. AIRBORNE MILITARY FLIGHTS 2−2−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−13. FORWARDING FLIGHT PLAN DATA BETWEEN U.S. ARTCCs AND CANADIAN ACCs 2−2−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−2−14. TELETYPE FLIGHT DATA FORMAT− U.S. ARTCCs − CANADIAN ACCs 2−2−4 . . . . 2−2−15. NORTH AMERICAN ROUTE PROGRAM (NRP) INFORMATION 2−2−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 3. Flight Progress Strips 2−3−1. GENERAL 2−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3−2. EN ROUTE DATA ENTRIES 2−3−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3−3. OCEANIC DATA ENTRIES 2−3−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3−4. TERMINAL DATA ENTRIES 2−3−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3−5. AIRCRAFT IDENTITY 2−3−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3−6. AIRCRAFT TYPE 2−3−10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3−7. USAF/USN UNDERGRADUATE PILOTS 2−3−10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3−8. AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT SUFFIX 2−3−10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3−9. CLEARANCE STATUS 2−3−10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−3−10. CONTROL SYMBOLOGY 2−3−12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Radio and Interphone Communications 2−4−1. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 2−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−2. MONITORING 2−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65W CHG 1 05/26/16 iii Table of Contents Paragraph Page 2−4−3. PILOT ACKNOWLEDGMENT/READ BACK 2−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−4. AUTHORIZED INTERRUPTIONS 2−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−5. AUTHORIZED TRANSMISSIONS 2−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−6. FALSE OR DECEPTIVE COMMUNICATIONS 2−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−7. AUTHORIZED RELAYS 2−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−8. RADIO MESSAGE FORMAT 2−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−9. ABBREVIATED TRANSMISSIONS 2−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−10. INTERPHONE TRANSMISSION PRIORITIES 2−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−11. PRIORITY INTERRUPTION 2−4−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−12. INTERPHONE MESSAGE FORMAT 2−4−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−13. INTERPHONE MESSAGE TERMINATION 2−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−14. WORDS AND PHRASES 2−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−15. EMPHASIS FOR CLARITY 2−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−16. ICAO PHONETICS 2−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−17. NUMBERS USAGE 2−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−18. NUMBER CLARIFICATION 2−4−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−19. FACILITY IDENTIFICATION 2−4−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−20. AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION 2−4−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−21. DESCRIPTION OF AIRCRAFT TYPES 2−4−11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−4−22. AIRSPACE CLASSES 2−4−11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Route and NAVAID Description 2−5−1. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE (ATS) ROUTES 2−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−5−2. NAVAID TERMS 2−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−5−3. NAVAID FIXES 2−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Weather Information 2−6−1. FAMILIARIZATION 2−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−6−2. HAZARDOUS INFLIGHT WEATHER ADVISORY SERVICE (HIWAS) 2−6−1 . . . . . . . . 2−6−3. PIREP INFORMATION 2−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−6−4. WEATHER AND CHAFF SERVICES 2−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−6−5. CALM WIND CONDITIONS 2−6−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−6−6. REPORTING WEATHER CONDITIONS 2−6−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−6−7. DISSEMINATING WEATHER INFORMATION 2−6−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. Altimeter Settings 2−7−1. CURRENT SETTINGS 2−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−7−2. ALTIMETER SETTING ISSUANCE BELOW LOWEST USABLE FL 2−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . Section 8. Runway Visibility Reporting− Terminal 2−8−1. FURNISH RVR/RVV VALUES 2−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−8−2. ARRIVAL/DEPARTURE RUNWAY VISIBILITY 2−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−8−3. TERMINOLOGY 2−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 9. Automatic Terminal Information Service Procedures 2−9−1. APPLICATION 2−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−9−2. OPERATING PROCEDURES 2−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2−9−3. CONTENT 2−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 10. Team Position Responsibilities 2−10−1. EN ROUTE OR OCEANIC SECTOR TEAM POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES 2−10−1 . . 05/26/16 JO 7110.65W CHG 1 iv Table of Contents Paragraph Page 2−10−2. TERMINAL RADAR/NONRADAR TEAM POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES 2−10−2 . . . 2−10−3. TOWER TEAM POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES 2−10−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 3. Airport Traffic Control− Terminal Section 1. General 3−1−1. PROVIDE SERVICE 3−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−2. PREVENTIVE CONTROL 3−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−3. USE OF ACTIVE RUNWAYS 3−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−4. COORDINATION BETWEEN LOCAL AND GROUND CONTROLLERS 3−1−2 . . . . . . . 3−1−5. VEHICLES/EQUIPMENT/PERSONNEL ON RUNWAYS 3−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−6. TRAFFIC INFORMATION 3−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−7. POSITION DETERMINATION 3−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−8. LOW LEVEL WIND SHEAR/MICROBURST ADVISORIES 3−1−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−9. USE OF TOWER RADAR DISPLAYS 3−1−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−10. OBSERVED ABNORMALITIES 3−1−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−11. SURFACE AREA RESTRICTIONS 3−1−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−12. VISUALLY SCANNING RUNWAYS 3−1−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−13. ESTABLISHING TWO−WAY COMMUNICATIONS 3−1−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−14. GROUND OPERATIONS WHEN VOLCANIC ASH IS PRESENT 3−1−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−1−15. GROUND OPERATIONS RELATED TO THREE/FOUR−HOUR TARMAC RULE 3−1−6 Section 2. Visual Signals 3−2−1. LIGHT SIGNALS 3−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−2−2. WARNING SIGNAL 3−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−2−3. RECEIVER-ONLY ACKNOWLEDGMENT 3−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 3. Airport Conditions 3−3−1. LANDING AREA CONDITION 3−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3−2. CLOSED/UNSAFE RUNWAY INFORMATION 3−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3−3. TIMELY INFORMATION 3−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3−4. BRAKING ACTION 3−3−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3−5. BRAKING ACTION ADVISORIES 3−3−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3−6. ARRESTING SYSTEM OPERATION 3−3−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−3−7. FAR FIELD MONITOR (FFM) REMOTE STATUS UNIT 3−3−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Airport Lighting 3−4−1. EMERGENCY LIGHTING 3−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−2. RUNWAY END IDENTIFIER LIGHTS 3−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−3. VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATORS (VASI) 3−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−4. PRECISION APPROACH PATH INDICATORS (PAPI) 3−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−5. APPROACH LIGHTS 3−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−6. ALS INTENSITY SETTINGS 3−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−7. SEQUENCED FLASHING LIGHTS (SFL) 3−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−8. MALSR/ODALS 3−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−9. ALSF−2/SSALR 3−4−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−10. RUNWAY EDGE LIGHTS 3−4−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−11. HIGH INTENSITY RUNWAY, RUNWAY CENTERLINE, AND TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTS 3−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65W CHG 1 05/26/16 v Table of Contents Paragraph Page 3−4−12. HIRL ASSOCIATED WITH MALSR 3−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−13. HIRL CHANGES AFFECTING RVR 3−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−14. MEDIUM INTENSITY RUNWAY LIGHTS 3−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−15. SIMULTANEOUS APPROACH AND RUNWAY EDGE LIGHT OPERATION 3−4−4 . . . 3−4−16. HIGH SPEED TURNOFF LIGHTS 3−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−17. TAXIWAY LIGHTS 3−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−18. OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS 3−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−19. ROTATING BEACON 3−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−4−20. RUNWAY STATUS LIGHTS (RWSL) 3−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Runway Selection 3−5−1. SELECTION 3−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−5−2. STOL RUNWAYS 3−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−5−3. TAILWIND COMPONENTS 3−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Airport Surface Detection Procedures 3−6−1. EQUIPMENT USAGE 3−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6−2. IDENTIFICATION 3−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6−3. INFORMATION USAGE 3−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6−4. SAFETY LOGIC ALERT RESPONSES 3−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−6−5. RADAR−ONLY MODE 3−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. Taxi and Ground Movement Procedures 3−7−1. GROUND TRAFFIC MOVEMENT 3−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7−2. TAXI AND GROUND MOVEMENT OPERATIONS 3−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7−3. GROUND OPERATIONS 3−7−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7−4. RUNWAY PROXIMITY 3−7−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7−5. PRECISION APPROACH CRITICAL AREA 3−7−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−7−6. PRECISION OBSTACLE FREE ZONE (POFZ) AND FINAL APPROACH OBSTACLE CLEARANCE SURFACES (OCS) 3−7−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 8. Spacing and Sequencing 3−8−1. SEQUENCE/SPACING APPLICATION 3−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−8−2. TOUCH-AND-GO OR STOP-AND-GO OR LOW APPROACH 3−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−8−3. SIMULTANEOUS SAME DIRECTION OPERATION 3−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−8−4. SIMULTANEOUS OPPOSITE DIRECTION OPERATION 3−8−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 9. Departure Procedures and Separation 3−9−1. DEPARTURE INFORMATION 3−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9−2. DEPARTURE DELAY INFORMATION 3−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9−3. DEPARTURE CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS 3−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9−4. LINE UP AND WAIT (LUAW) 3−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9−5. ANTICIPATING SEPARATION 3−9−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9−6. SAME RUNWAY SEPARATION 3−9−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9−7. WAKE TURBULENCE SEPARATION FOR INTERSECTION DEPARTURES 3−9−6 . . . . 3−9−8. INTERSECTING RUNWAY/INTERSECTING FLIGHT PATH OPERATIONS 3−9−7 . . . . 3−9−9. NONINTERSECTING CONVERGING RUNWAY OPERATIONS 3−9−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9−10. TAKEOFF CLEARANCE 3−9−11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−9−11. CANCELLATION OF TAKEOFF CLEARANCE 3−9−12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05/26/16 JO 7110.65W CHG 1 vi Table of Contents Section 10. Arrival Procedures and Separation Paragraph Page 3−10−1. LANDING INFORMATION 3−10−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−2. FORWARDING APPROACH INFORMATION BY NONAPPROACH CONTROL FACILITIES 3−10−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−3. SAME RUNWAY SEPARATION 3−10−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−4. INTERSECTING RUNWAY/INTERSECTING FLIGHT PATH SEPARATION 3−10−3 . . . 3−10−5. LANDING CLEARANCE 3−10−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−6. ANTICIPATING SEPARATION 3−10−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−7. LANDING CLEARANCE WITHOUT VISUAL OBSERVATION 3−10−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−8. WITHHOLDING LANDING CLEARANCE 3−10−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−9. RUNWAY EXITING 3−10−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−10. ALTITUDE RESTRICTED LOW APPROACH 3−10−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−11. CLOSED TRAFFIC 3−10−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−12. OVERHEAD MANEUVER 3−10−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−10−13. SIMULATED FLAMEOUT (SFO) APPROACHES/EMERGENCY LANDING PATTERN (ELP) OPERATIONS/PRACTICE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACHES 3−10−10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 11. Helicopter Operations 3−11−1. TAXI AND GROUND MOVEMENT OPERATION 3−11−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−11−2. HELICOPTER TAKEOFF CLEARANCE 3−11−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−11−3. HELICOPTER DEPARTURE SEPARATION 3−11−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−11−4. HELICOPTER ARRIVAL SEPARATION 3−11−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−11−5. SIMULTANEOUS LANDINGS OR TAKEOFFS 3−11−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−11−6. HELICOPTER LANDING CLEARANCE 3−11−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 12. Sea Lane Operations 3−12−1. APPLICATION 3−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−12−2. DEPARTURE SEPARATION 3−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3−12−3. ARRIVAL SEPARATION 3−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 4. IFR Section 1. NAVAID Use Limitations 4−1−1. ALTITUDE AND DISTANCE LIMITATIONS 4−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1−2. EXCEPTIONS 4−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1−3. CROSSING ALTITUDE 4−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1−4. VFR-ON-TOP 4−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−1−5. FIX USE 4−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Clearances 4−2−1. CLEARANCE ITEMS 4−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−2−2. CLEARANCE PREFIX 4−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−2−3. DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS 4−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−2−4. CLEARANCE RELAY 4−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−2−5. ROUTE OR ALTITUDE AMENDMENTS 4−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−2−6. THROUGH CLEARANCES 4−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−2−7. ALTRV CLEARANCE 4−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−2−8. IFR−VFR AND VFR−IFR FLIGHTS 4−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65W CHG 1 05/26/16 vii Table of Contents Paragraph Page 4−2−9. CLEARANCE ITEMS 4−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−2−10. CANCELLATION OF IFR FLIGHT PLAN 4−2−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 3. Departure Procedures 4−3−1. DEPARTURE TERMINOLOGY 4−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−3−2. DEPARTURE CLEARANCES 4−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−3−3. ABBREVIATED DEPARTURE CLEARANCE 4−3−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−3−4. DEPARTURE RESTRICTIONS, CLEARANCE VOID TIMES, HOLD FOR RELEASE, AND RELEASE TIMES 4−3−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−3−5. GROUND STOP 4−3−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−3−6. DELAY SEQUENCING 4−3−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−3−7. FORWARD DEPARTURE DELAY INFORMATION 4−3−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−3−8. COORDINATION WITH RECEIVING FACILITY 4−3−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−3−9. VFR RELEASE OF IFR DEPARTURE 4−3−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−3−10. FORWARDING DEPARTURE TIMES 4−3−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Route Assignment 4−4−1. ROUTE USE 4−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−4−2. ROUTE STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS 4−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−4−3. DEGREE-DISTANCE ROUTE DEFINITION FOR MILITARY OPERATIONS 4−4−3 . . . . 4−4−4. ALTERNATIVE ROUTES 4−4−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−4−5. CLASS G AIRSPACE 4−4−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−4−6. DIRECT CLEARANCES 4−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Altitude Assignment and Verification 4−5−1. VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMA 4−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−5−2. FLIGHT DIRECTION 4−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−5−3. EXCEPTIONS 4−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−5−4. LOWEST USABLE FLIGHT LEVEL 4−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−5−5. ADJUSTED MINIMUM FLIGHT LEVEL 4−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−5−6. MINIMUM EN ROUTE ALTITUDES 4−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−5−7. ALTITUDE INFORMATION 4−5−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−5−8. ANTICIPATED ALTITUDE CHANGES 4−5−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−5−9. ALTITUDE CONFIRMATION− NONRADAR 4−5−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Holding Aircraft 4−6−1. CLEARANCE TO HOLDING FIX 4−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−6−2. CLEARANCE BEYOND FIX 4−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−6−3. DELAYS 4−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−6−4. HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS 4−6−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−6−5. VISUAL HOLDING POINTS 4−6−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−6−6. HOLDING FLIGHT PATH DEVIATION 4−6−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−6−7. UNMONITORED NAVAIDs 4−6−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−6−8. ILS PROTECTION/CRITICAL AREAS 4−6−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. Arrival Procedures 4−7−1. CLEARANCE INFORMATION 4−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−2. ADVANCE DESCENT CLEARANCE 4−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−3. SINGLE FREQUENCY APPROACHES (SFA) 4−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05/26/16 JO 7110.65W CHG 1 viii Table of Contents Paragraph Page 4−7−4. RADIO FREQUENCY AND RADAR BEACON CHANGES FOR MILITARY AIRCRAFT 4−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−5. MILITARY TURBOJET EN ROUTE DESCENT 4−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−6. ARRIVAL INFORMATION 4−7−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−7. WEATHER INFORMATION 4−7−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−8. BELOW MINIMA REPORT BY PILOT 4−7−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−9. TRANSFER OF JURISDICTION 4−7−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−10. APPROACH INFORMATION 4−7−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−11. ARRIVAL INFORMATION BY APPROACH CONTROL FACILITIES 4−7−5 . . . . . . . . . 4−7−12. AIRPORT CONDITIONS 4−7−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−7−13. SWITCHING ILS RUNWAYS 4−7−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 8. Approach Clearance Procedures 4−8−1. APPROACH CLEARANCE 4−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−2. CLEARANCE LIMIT 4−8−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−3. RELAYED APPROACH CLEARANCE 4−8−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−4. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT FOR MILITARY HIGH ALTITUDE INSTRUMENT APPROACHES 4−8−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−5. SPECIFYING ALTITUDE 4−8−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−6. CIRCLING APPROACH 4−8−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−7. SIDE−STEP MANEUVER 4−8−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−8. COMMUNICATIONS RELEASE 4−8−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−9. MISSED APPROACH 4−8−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−10. APPROACH INFORMATION 4−8−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−11. PRACTICE APPROACHES 4−8−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4−8−12. LOW APPROACH AND TOUCH-AND-GO 4−8−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 5. Radar Section 1. General 5−1−1. PRESENTATION AND EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE 5−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−2. ALIGNMENT ACCURACY CHECK 5−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−3. ATC SURVEILLANCE SOURCEUSE 5−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−4. BEACON RANGE ACCURACY 5−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−5. ELECTRONIC ATTACK (EA) ACTIVITY 5−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−6. SERVICE LIMITATIONS 5−1−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−7. ELECTRONIC CURSOR 5−1−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−8. MERGING TARGET PROCEDURES 5−1−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−9. HOLDING PATTERN SURVEILLANCE 5−1−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−10. DEVIATION ADVISORIES 5−1−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−11. RADAR FIX POSTING 5−1−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−12. POSITION REPORTING 5−1−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−1−13. RADAR SERVICE TERMINATION 5−1−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Beacon Systems 5−2−1. ASSIGNMENT CRITERIA 5−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−2. DISCRETE ENVIRONMENT 5−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−3. NONDISCRETE ENVIRONMENT 5−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−4. MIXED ENVIRONMENT 5−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65W CHG 1 05/26/16 ix Table of Contents Paragraph Page 5−2−5. RADAR BEACON CODE CHANGES 5−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−6. FUNCTION CODE ASSIGNMENTS 5−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−7. EMERGENCY CODE ASSIGNMENT 5−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−8. RADIO FAILURE 5−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−9. VFR CODE ASSIGNMENTS 5−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−10. BEACON CODE FOR PRESSURE SUIT FLIGHTS AND FLIGHTS ABOVE FL 600 5−2−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−11. AIR DEFENSE EXERCISE BEACON CODE ASSIGNMENT 5−2−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−12. STANDBY OR LOW SENSITIVITY OPERATION 5−2−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−13. CODE MONITOR 5−2−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−14. FAILURE TO DISPLAY ASSIGNED BEACON CODE OR INOPERATIVE/ MALFUNCTIONING TRANSPONDER 5−2−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−15. INOPERATIVE OR MALFUNCTIONING INTERROGATOR 5−2−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−16. FAILED TRANSPONDER IN CLASS A AIRSPACE 5−2−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−17. VALIDATION OF MODE C READOUT 5−2−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−18. ALTITUDE CONFIRMATION− MODE C 5−2−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−19. ALTITUDE CONFIRMATION− NON−MODE C 5−2−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−20. AUTOMATIC ALTITUDE REPORTING 5−2−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−21. INFLIGHT DEVIATIONS FROM TRANSPONDER/MODE C REQUIREMENTS BETWEEN 10,000 FEET AND 18,000 FEET 5−2−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−22. BEACON TERMINATION 5−2−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−23. ALTITUDE FILTERS 5−2−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−2−24. INOPERATIVE OR MALFUNCTIONING ADS-B TRANSMITTER 5−2−9 . . . . . . . . . . . Section 3. Radar Identification 5−3−1. APPLICATION 5−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−3−2. PRIMARY RADAR IDENTIFICATION METHODS 5−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−3−3. BEACON IDENTIFICATION METHODS 5−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−3−4. TERMINAL AUTOMATION SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION METHODS 5−3−2 . . . . . . . . 5−3−5. QUESTIONABLE IDENTIFICATION 5−3−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−3−6. POSITION INFORMATION 5−3−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−3−7. IDENTIFICATION STATUS 5−3−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−3−8. TARGET MARKERS 5−3−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−3−9. TARGET MARKERS 5−3−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Transfer of Radar Identification 5−4−1. APPLICATION 5−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−2. TERMS 5−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−3. METHODS 5−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−4. TRAFFIC 5−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−5. TRANSFERRING CONTROLLER HANDOFF 5−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−6. RECEIVING CONTROLLER HANDOFF 5−4−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−7. POINT OUT 5−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−8. AUTOMATED INFORMATION TRANSFER (AIT) 5−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−9. INTERFACILITY AUTOMATED INFORMATION TRANSFER 5−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−10. PREARRANGED COORDINATION 5−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−4−11. EN ROUTE FOURTH LINE DATA BLOCK USAGE 5−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Radar Separation 5−5−1. APPLICATION 5−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05/26/16 JO 7110.65W CHG 1 x Table of Contents Paragraph Page 5−5−2. TARGET SEPARATION 5−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−3. TARGET RESOLUTION 5−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−4. MINIMA 5−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−5. VERTICAL APPLICATION 5−5−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−6. EXCEPTIONS 5−5−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−7. PASSING OR DIVERGING 5−5−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−8. ADDITIONAL SEPARATION FOR FORMATION FLIGHTS 5−5−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−9. SEPARATION FROM OBSTRUCTIONS 5−5−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−10. ADJACENT AIRSPACE 5−5−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−11. EDGE OF SCOPE 5−5−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−5−12. BEACON TARGET DISPLACEMENT 5−5−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Vectoring 5−6−1. APPLICATION 5−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−6−2. METHODS 5−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−6−3. VECTORS BELOW MINIMUM ALTITUDE 5−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. Speed Adjustment 5−7−1. APPLICATION 5−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−7−2. METHODS 5−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−7−3. MINIMA 5−7−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−7−4. TERMINATION 5−7−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 8. Radar Departures 5−8−1. PROCEDURES 5−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−8−2. INITIAL HEADING 5−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−8−3. SUCCESSIVE OR SIMULTANEOUS DEPARTURES 5−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−8−4. DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL 5−8−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−8−5. DEPARTURES AND ARRIVALS ON PARALLEL OR NONINTERSECTING DIVERGING RUNWAYS 5−8−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 9. Radar Arrivals 5−9−1. VECTORS TO FINAL APPROACH COURSE 5−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−9−2. FINAL APPROACH COURSE INTERCEPTION 5−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−9−3. VECTORS ACROSS FINAL APPROACH COURSE 5−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−9−4. ARRIVAL INSTRUCTIONS 5−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−9−5. APPROACH SEPARATION RESPONSIBILITY 5−9−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−9−6. SIMULTANEOUS DEPENDENT APPROACHES 5−9−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−9−7. SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT APPROACHES− DUAL & TRIPLE 5−9−6 . . . . . . . . 5−9−8. SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT CLOSE PARALLEL APPROACHES – PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR (PRM) APPROACHES 5−9−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−9−9. SIMULTANEOUS OFFSET INSTRUMENT APPROACHES (SOIA)− HIGH UPDATE RADAR 5−9−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−9−10. SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT APPROACHES TO WIDELY-SPACED PARALLEL RUNWAYS WITHOUT FINAL MONITORS 5−9−12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−9−11. TRANSITIONAL PROCEDURE 5−9−13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 10. Radar Approaches− Terminal 5−10−1. APPLICATION 5−10−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−2. APPROACH INFORMATION 5−10−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65W CHG 1 05/26/16 xi Table of Contents Paragraph Page 5−10−3. NO-GYRO APPROACH 5−10−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−4. LOST COMMUNICATIONS 5−10−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−5. RADAR CONTACT LOST 5−10−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−6. LANDING CHECK 5−10−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−7. POSITION INFORMATION 5−10−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−8. FINAL CONTROLLER CHANGEOVER 5−10−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−9. COMMUNICATIONS CHECK 5−10−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−10. TRANSMISSION ACKNOWLEDGMENT 5−10−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−11. MISSED APPROACH 5−10−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−12. LOW APPROACH AND TOUCH-AND-GO 5−10−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−13. TOWER CLEARANCE 5−10−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−14. FINAL APPROACH ABNORMALITIES 5−10−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−10−15. MILITARY SINGLE FREQUENCY APPROACHES 5−10−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 11. Surveillance Approaches− Terminal 5−11−1. ALTITUDE INFORMATION 5−11−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−11−2. VISUAL REFERENCE REPORT 5−11−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−11−3. DESCENT NOTIFICATION 5−11−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−11−4. DESCENT INSTRUCTIONS 5−11−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−11−5. FINAL APPROACH GUIDANCE 5−11−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−11−6. APPROACH GUIDANCE TERMINATION 5−11−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 12. PAR Approaches− Terminal 5−12−1. GLIDEPATH NOTIFICATION 5−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−2. DECISION HEIGHT (DH) NOTIFICATION 5−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−3. DESCENT INSTRUCTION 5−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−4. GLIDEPATH AND COURSE INFORMATION 5−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−5. DISTANCE FROM TOUCHDOWN 5−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−6. DECISION HEIGHT 5−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−7. POSITION ADVISORIES 5−12−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−8. APPROACH GUIDANCE TERMINATION 5−12−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−9. COMMUNICATION TRANSFER 5−12−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−10. ELEVATION FAILURE 5−12−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−12−11. SURVEILLANCE UNUSABLE 5−12−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 13. Use of PAR for Approach Monitoring− Terminal 5−13−1. MONITOR ON PAR EQUIPMENT 5−13−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−13−2. MONITOR AVAILABILITY 5−13−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−13−3. MONITOR INFORMATION 5−13−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 14. Automation− En Route 5−14−1. CONFLICT ALERT (CA) AND MODE C INTRUDER (MCI) ALERT 5−14−1 . . . . . . . . . . 5−14−2. EN ROUTE MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE WARNING (E-MSAW) 5−14−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−14−3. COMPUTER ENTRY OF FLIGHT PLAN INFORMATION 5−14−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−14−4. ENTRY OF REPORTED ALTITUDE 5−14−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−14−5. SELECTED ALTITUDE LIMITS 5−14−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−14−6. SECTOR ELIGIBILITY 5−14−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−14−7. COAST TRACKS 5−14−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−14−8. CONTROLLER INITIATED COAST TRACKS 5−14−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05/26/16 JO 7110.65W CHG 1 xii Table of Contents Paragraph Page 5−14−9. ERAM COMPUTER ENTRY OF HOLD INFORMATION 5−14−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−14−10. ERAM VISUAL INDICATOR OF SPECIAL ACTIVITY AIRSPACE (SAA) STATUS 5−14−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 15. Common Automated Radar Terminal Systems (CARTS) & Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS)−Terminal 5−15−1. APPLICATION 5−15−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−15−2. RESPONSIBILITY 5−15−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−15−3. FUNCTIONAL USE 5−15−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−15−4. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 5−15−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−15−5. INFORMATION DISPLAYED 5−15−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−15−6. CA/MCI 5−15−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−15−7. INHIBITING MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE WARNING (MSAW) 5−15−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5−15−8. TRACK SUSPEND FUNCTION 5−15−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 6. Nonradar Section 1. General 6−1−1. DISTANCE 6−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−1−2. NONRECEIPT OF POSITION REPORT 6−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−1−3. DUPLICATE POSITION REPORTS 6−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−1−4. ADJACENT AIRPORT OPERATION 6−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−1−5. ARRIVAL MINIMA 6−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Initial Separation of Successive Departing Aircraft 6−2−1. MINIMA ON DIVERGING COURSES 6−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−2−2. MINIMA ON SAME COURSE 6−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 3. Initial Separation of Departing and Arriving Aircraft 6−3−1. SEPARATION MINIMA 6−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Longitudinal Separation 6−4−1. APPLICATION 6−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−4−2. MINIMA ON SAME, CONVERGING, OR CROSSING COURSES 6−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−4−3. MINIMA ON OPPOSITE COURSES 6−4−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−4−4. SEPARATION BY PILOTS 6−4−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−4−5. RNAV AIRCRAFT ALONG VOR AIRWAYS/ROUTES 6−4−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Lateral Separation 6−5−1. SEPARATION METHODS 6−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−5−2. MINIMA ON DIVERGING RADIALS 6−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−5−3. DME ARC MINIMA 6−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−5−4. MINIMA ALONG OTHER THAN ESTABLISHED AIRWAYS OR ROUTES 6−5−2 . . . . . 6−5−5. RNAV MINIMA− DIVERGING/CROSSING COURSES 6−5−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Vertical Separation 6−6−1. APPLICATION 6−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65W CHG 1 05/26/16 xiii Table of Contents Paragraph Page 6−6−2. EXCEPTIONS 6−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−6−3. SEPARATION BY PILOTS 6−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. Timed Approaches 6−7−1. APPLICATION 6−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−7−2. APPROACH SEQUENCE 6−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−7−3. SEQUENCE INTERRUPTION 6−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−7−4. LEVEL FLIGHT RESTRICTION 6−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−7−5. INTERVAL MINIMA 6−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−7−6. TIME CHECK 6−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6−7−7. MISSED APPROACHES 6−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 7. Visual Section 1. General 7−1−1. CLASS A AIRSPACE RESTRICTIONS 7−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−1−2. VFR CONDITIONS 7−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−1−3. APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE FOR VFR ARRIVING AIRCRAFT 7−1−1 . . . . . . . . . 7−1−4. VISUAL HOLDING OF VFR AIRCRAFT 7−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Visual Separation 7−2−1. VISUAL SEPARATION 7−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 3. VFR-On-Top 7−3−1. VFR-ON-TOP 7−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−3−2. ALTITUDE FOR DIRECTION OF FLIGHT 7−3−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Approaches 7−4−1. VISUAL APPROACH 7−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−4−2. VECTORS FOR VISUAL APPROACH 7−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−4−3. CLEARANCE FOR VISUAL APPROACH 7−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−4−4. APPROACHES TO MULTIPLE RUNWAYS 7−4−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−4−5. CHARTED VISUAL FLIGHT PROCEDURES (CVFP). USA/USN NOT APPLICABLE 7−4−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−4−6. CONTACT APPROACH 7−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Special VFR (SVFR) 7−5−1. AUTHORIZATION 7−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−5−2. PRIORITY 7−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−5−3. SEPARATION 7−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−5−4. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT 7−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−5−5. LOCAL OPERATIONS 7−5−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−5−6. CLIMB TO VFR 7−5−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−5−7. GROUND VISIBILITY BELOW ONE MILE 7−5−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−5−8. FLIGHT VISIBILITY BELOW ONE MILE 7−5−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Basic Radar Service to VFR Aircraft− Terminal 7−6−1. APPLICATION 7−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05/26/16 JO 7110.65W CHG 1 xiv Table of Contents Paragraph Page 7−6−2. SERVICE AVAILABILITY 7−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−3. INITIAL CONTACT 7−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−4. IDENTIFICATION 7−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−5. HOLDING 7−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−6. APPROACH SEQUENCE 7−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−7. SEQUENCING 7−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−8. CONTROL TRANSFER 7−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−9. ABANDONED APPROACH 7−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−10. VFR DEPARTURE INFORMATION 7−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−11. TERMINATION OF SERVICE 7−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−6−12. SERVICE PROVIDED WHEN TOWER IS INOPERATIVE 7−6−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)− Terminal 7−7−1. APPLICATION 7−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−7−2. ISSUANCE OF EFC 7−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−7−3. SEPARATION 7−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−7−4. HELICOPTER TRAFFIC 7−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−7−5. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS 7−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−7−6. APPROACH INTERVAL 7−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−7−7. TRSA DEPARTURE INFORMATION 7−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 8. Class C Service− Terminal 7−8−1. APPLICATION 7−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−8−2. CLASS C SERVICES 7−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−8−3. SEPARATION 7−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−8−4. ESTABLISHING TWO-WAY COMMUNICATIONS 7−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−8−5. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS 7−8−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−8−6. EXCEPTIONS 7−8−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−8−7. ADJACENT AIRPORT OPERATIONS 7−8−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−8−8. TERMINATION OF SERVICE 7−8−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 9. Class B Service Area− Terminal 7−9−1. APPLICATION 7−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−9−2. VFR AIRCRAFT IN CLASS B AIRSPACE 7−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−9−3. METHODS 7−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−9−4. SEPARATION 7−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−9−5. TRAFFIC ADVISORIES 7−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−9−6. HELICOPTER TRAFFIC 7−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−9−7. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENTS 7−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7−9−8. APPROACH INTERVAL 7−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 8. Offshore/Oceanic Procedures Section 1. General 8−1−1. ATC SERVICE 8−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−1−2. OPERATIONS IN OFFSHORE AIRSPACE AREAS 8−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−1−3. VFR FLIGHT PLANS 8−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−1−4. TYPES OF SEPARATION 8−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65W CHG 1 05/26/16 xv Table of Contents Paragraph Page 8−1−5. ALTIMETER SETTING 8−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−1−6. RECEIPT OF POSITION REPORTS 8−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−1−7. OCEANIC ERROR REPORT PROCEDURES 8−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−1−8. USE OF CONTROL ESTIMATES 8−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−1−9. RVSM OPERATIONS 8−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Coordination 8−2−1. GENERAL 8−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−2−2. TRANSFER OF CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS 8−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−2−3. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES INTERFACILITY DATA COMMUNICATIONS (AIDC) 8−2−1 Section 3. Longitudinal Separation 8−3−1. APPLICATION 8−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−3−2. SEPARATION METHODS 8−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−3−3. MACH NUMBER TECHNIQUE 8−3−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Lateral Separation 8−4−1. APPLICATION 8−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−4−2. SEPARATION METHODS 8−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−4−3. REDUCTION OF ROUTE PROTECTED AIRSPACE 8−4−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−4−4. TRACK SEPARATION 8−4−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Offshore/Oceanic Transition Procedures 8−5−1. ALTITUDE/FLIGHT LEVEL TRANSITION 8−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−5−2. COURSE DIVERGENCE 8−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−5−3. OPPOSITE DIRECTION 8−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−5−4. SAME DIRECTION 8−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−5−5. RADAR IDENTIFICATION APPLICATION 8−5−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Separation from Airspace Reservations 8−6−1. TEMPORARY STATIONARY AIRSPACE RESERVATIONS 8−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−6−2. REFUSAL OF AVOIDANCE CLEARANCE 8−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−6−3. TEMPORARY MOVING AIRSPACE RESERVATIONS 8−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. North Atlantic ICAO Region 8−7−1. APPLICATION 8−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−7−2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−7−3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−7−4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8−7−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−7−5. PROCEDURES FOR WEATHER DEVIATIONS IN NORTH ATLANTIC (NAT) AIRSPACE 8−7−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 8. Caribbean ICAO Region 8−8−1. APPLICATION 8−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−8−2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−8−3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−8−4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8−8−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−8−5. VFR CLIMB AND DESCENT 8−8−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05/26/16 JO 7110.65W CHG 1 xvi Table of Contents Section 9. Pacific ICAO Region Paragraph Page 8−9−1. APPLICATION 8−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−9−2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−9−3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8−9−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−9−4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8−9−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−9−5. COMPOSITE SEPARATION MINIMA 8−9−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−9−6. COMPOSITE SEPARATION ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT 8−9−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−9−7. COMPOSITE SEPARATION APPLICATION 8−9−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−9−8. PROCEDURES FOR WEATHER DEVIATIONS AND OTHER CONTINGENCIES IN OCEANIC CONTROLLED AIRSPACE 8−9−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 10. North American ICAO Region 8−10−1. APPLICATION 8−10−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−10−2. VERTICAL SEPARATION 8−10−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−10−3. LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION 8−10−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8−10−4. LATERAL SEPARATION 8−10−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 9. Special Flights Section 1. General 9−1−1. GENERAL 9−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−1−2. SPECIAL HANDLING 9−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−1−3. FLIGHT CHECK AIRCRAFT 9−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Special Operations 9−2−1. AIRCRAFT CARRYING DANGEROUS MATERIALS 9−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−2. CELESTIAL NAVIGATION TRAINING 9−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−3. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE) SPECIAL FLIGHTS 9−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−4. EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS 9−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−5. FAA RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FLIGHTS 9−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−6. FLYNET 9−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−7. IFR MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES 9−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−8. INTERCEPTOR OPERATIONS 9−2−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−9. SPECIAL INTEREST SITES 9−2−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−10. WASHINGTON, DC, SPECIAL FLIGHT RULES AREA (DC SFRA)/ATC SECURITY SERVICES 9−2−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−11. SECURITY NOTICE (SECNOT) 9−2−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−12. LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS BY CIVIL AND MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS 9−2−5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−13. MILITARY AERIAL REFUELING 9−2−6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−14. MILITARY OPERATIONS ABOVE FL 600 9−2−7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−15. MILITARY SPECIAL USE FREQUENCIES 9−2−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−16. AVOIDANCE OF AREAS OF NUCLEAR RADIATION 9−2−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−17. SAMP 9−2−8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−18. AWACS/NORAD SPECIAL FLIGHTS 9−2−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−19. WEATHER RECONNAISSANCE FLIGHTS 9−2−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−20. EVASIVE ACTION MANEUVER 9−2−9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−21. NONSTANDARD FORMATION/CELL OPERATIONS 9−2−10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−2−22. OPEN SKIES TREATY AIRCRAFT 9−2−10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JO 7110.65W CHG 1 05/26/16 xvii Table of Contents Section 3. Special Use, ATC−Assigned Airspace, and Stationary ALTRVs Paragraph Page 9−3−1. APPLICATION 9−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−3−2. SEPARATION MINIMA 9−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−3−3. VFR-ON-TOP 9−3−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−3−4. TRANSITING ACTIVE SUA/ATCAA 9−3−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4. Fuel Dumping 9−4−1. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 9−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−4−2. ROUTING 9−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−4−3. ALTITUDE ASSIGNMENT 9−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−4−4. SEPARATION MINIMA 9−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−4−5. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 9−4−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5. Jettisoning of External Stores 9−5−1. JETTISONING OF EXTERNAL STORES 9−5−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6. Unmanned Free Balloons 9−6−1. APPLICATION 9−6−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−6−2. DERELICT BALLOONS 9−6−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7. Parachute Operations 9−7−1. COORDINATION 9−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−7−2. CLASS A, CLASS B, AND CLASS C AIRSPACE 9−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−7−3. CLASS D AIRSPACE 9−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9−7−4. OTHER CONTROL AIRSPACE 9−7−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 8. Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports 9−8−1. GENERAL 9−8−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 10. Emergencies Section 1. General 10−1−1. EMERGENCY DETERMINATIONS 10−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−1−2. OBTAINING INFORMATION 10−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−1−3. PROVIDING ASSISTANCE 10−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−1−4. RESPONSIBILITY 10−1−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−1−5. COORDINATION 10−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−1−6. AIRPORT GROUND EMERGENCY 10−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−1−7. INFLIGHT EMERGENCIES INVOLVING MILITARY FIGHTER-TYPE AIRCRAFT 10−1−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 2. Emergency Assistance 10−2−1. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 10−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−2−2. FREQUENCY CHANGES 10−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−2−3. AIRCRAFT ORIENTATION 10−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−2−4. ALTITUDE CHANGE FOR IMPROVED RECEPTION 10−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05/26/16 JO 7110.65W CHG 1 xviii Table of Contents Paragraph Page 10−2−5. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 10−2−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−2−6. HIJACKED AIRCRAFT 10−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−2−7. VFR AIRCRAFT IN WEATHER DIFFICULTY 10−2−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−2−8. RADAR ASSISTANCE TO VFR AIRCRAFT IN WEATHER DIFFICULTY 10−2−2 . . . . . 10−2−9. RADAR ASSISTANCE TECHNIQUES 10−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−2−10. EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT) SIGNALS 10−2−3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−2−11. AIRCRAFT BOMB THREATS 10−2−4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10−2−12. EXPLOSIVE DETECTION K−9 TEAMS 10−2−5 . . . . .