AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08

AMC 66.30(e) - Basic experience requirements.........................................................................................................................................................23 CAR 66.40 - Continued validity of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence .......................................... 23 GM 66.40 - Continued validity of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence.................................................................................................24 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 3 of 296 CAR 66.45 - Endorsement with aircraft ratings ............................................................................................ 24 AMC 66.45(e) - Endorsement with aircraft ratings....................................................................................................................................................26 AMC 66.45(d),(e)3,(f)1,(g)1 and (h) - Endorsement with aircraft ratings.............................................................................................................27 GM 66.45(b) - Endorsement with aircraft ratings ......................................................................................................................................................27 GM 66.45 - Endorsement with aircraft ratings ...........................................................................................................................................................28 CAR 66.50 - Limitations ................................................................................................................................. 32 AMC 66.50(b) - Limitations...............................................................................................................................................................................................32 CAR 66.55 - Evidence of qualification ........................................................................................................... 32 CAR 66.70 - Conversion provisions ............................................................................................................... 32 AMC 66.70 - Conversion provisions...............................................................................................................................................................................33 AMC 66.70(c) - Conversion provisions ..........................................................................................................................................................................34 AMC 66.70 (d) - Conversion Provisions (non UAE Licenses)....................................................................................................................................34 AMC 66.70 – Conversion provisions temporary validation (non UAE Licences)...............................................................................................37 APPENDICES TO CAR 66 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................38 APPENDIX I : BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS (except for category L licence) .................................... 38 APPENDIX II : BASIC EXAMINATION STANDARD ........................................................................................ 104 APPENDIX III : AIRCRAFT TYPE TRAINING AND EXAMINATION STANDARD – ON THE JOB EXPERIENCE ... 109 APPENDIX IV : Experience Requirements for Extending CAR 66 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence.138 Appendix V : Aircraft Maintenance Licence ................................................................................................ 139 Appendix VI : Basic knowledge requirements for category L aircraft maintenance licence ...................... 142 Appendix VII : Basic examination standard for category L aircraft maintenance licence ........................... 153 APPENDICES TO AMCs TO CAR 66 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 154 APPENDIX I to AMC to CAR 66 : AIRCRAFT TYPE RATINGS FOR CAR 66 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS LICENCE .............. 154 APPENDIX II to AMC to CAR 66 : AIRCRAFT TYPE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE AND ON-JOB-EXPERIENCE– LIST OF TASKS................... 272 APPENDIX III to AMC to CAR 66 : EVALUATION OF THE COMPETENCE ASSESSMENT AND ASSESSORS.............................................. 288 APPENDICES TO GMs TO CAR 66................................................................................................................................................................................ 291 APPENDIX I to GM 66.50 ( Limitations) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 291 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 4 of 296 FORWORD For the purpose of this regulation, the competent authority shall be the General Civil Aviation Authority designated by the United Arab Emirates Federal Government, and known in this regulation as the “GCAA”. The development of this regulation was through a GCAA led consultative committee the OTTG (Operators Technical Training Group) that included representatives from all segments of the aviation industry covered by, and impacted by this regulation. Conformity with the Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) section of this regulation is mandatory unless other Alternative Means of Compliance have been submitted that result in an equivalent level of safety (or compliance) and approved to the GCAA. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 5 of 296 RECORD OF ISSUE ISSUE DATE DATE OF APPLICABILITY 00 July 2011 01 July 2011 01 July 2013 01 July 2013 02 September 2014 September 2014 03 March 2015 March 2015 04 September 2019 January 2020 05 October 2023 October 2023 05 (CORRECTED) July 2024 July 2024 06 January 2025 January 2025 07 July 2025 July 2025 08 August 2025 August 2025 HIGHLIGHT OF CHANGE Section Details AMC 66.70 (d) Conversion Provisions (Non UAE Licenses) ▪ Added Category 3. The following ICAO licences are acceptable for conversion to a GCAA licence following completed GCAA approved structured validation program within recognized CAR 147 approved MTO, and an Aviation Legislation examination conducted by or on behalf of the GCAA, and a Human Factors examination conducted by the GCAA or a CAR 147 approved Maintenance Training Organisation: Ethiopia (Avionics License) and Nepal AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 6 of 296 GENERAL Certifying staff holding licences issued in accordance with CAR 66 in a given category/subcategory are deemed to have the privileges described in point 66.20(a) of this CAR corresponding to such a category/subcategory. The basic knowledge requirements corresponding to the new privileges shall be deemed as met for the purpose of extending such licence to a new category/sub-category. Certifying staff holding a licence including aircraft which do not require an individual type rating may continue to exercise his/her privileges until the first renewal or change, where the licence shall be converted to the ratings defined in point 66.45 of this CAR. For the purpose of time limits contained in points 66.25, 66.30 and Appendix III of CAR 66 related to basic knowledge examinations, basic experience, theoretical type training and examinations, practical training and assessment, type examinations and on the job experience completed before this Regulation applies, the origin of time shall be the date by which this Regulation applies. The E-Services system which has now been fully adopted by the GCAA for the issue, renewal and type endorsement of an aircraft maintenance engineers licences as defined in point 66.10, and must be used for all applications. Each field must be completed in full as required, with the required attachments including passport copy. All licence applications for conversion as described in point 66.70 and section 4 appendix I, must also be made using the E-Licensing system. For the removal of limitations as described in points 66.45 and 66.50 the E-Licensing system must also be used. The GCAA reserve the right not to renew or issue a licence to any individual they deem unfit to maintain or hold a licence. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 7 of 296 1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS SECTION 1 - AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS LICENCE CAR 66.1 - Scope This section defines the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence and establishes the requirements for application, issue and continuation of its validity. CAR 66.2 - Enforcement The GCAA shall impose restrictions, suspend, limit or revoke any Aircraft Maintenance Engineers licence issued if the holder cannot demonstrate their capability to maintain the appropriate safety standards. Personnel granted with an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers licence shall not engage in, support or conceal unsafe acts. CAR 66.3 - Licence categories Aircraft maintenance licenses include the following categories and, where applicable, subcategories: (a) Category A, divided into the following subcategories: — A1 Aeroplanes Turbine; — A2 Aeroplanes Piston; — A3 Helicopters Turbine; — A4 Helicopters Piston. (b) Category B1, divided into the following subcategories: — B1.1 Aeroplanes Turbine; — B1.2 Aeroplanes Piston; — B1.3 Helicopters Turbine; — B1.4 Helicopters Piston. (c) Category B2 The B2 licence is applicable to all aircraft. (d) Category B3 The B3 licence is applicable to piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg Maximum Take-off Mass (MTOM) and below. (e) Category L, divided into the following subcategories: — L: hot-air balloons, — L: gas balloons, — L: hot-air airships, — L: gas airships, (f) Category C The C licence is applicable to aeroplanes and helicopters. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 8 of 296 GM 66.3 - Licence categories Individual Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence holders need not be restricted to a single category. Provided that each qualification requirement is satisfied, any combination of categories may be granted In the case of maintenance of mixed balloons (combination of gas and hot air), it is required to hold both L hot-air balloon and L gas balloon subcategories. CAR 66.5 - Aircraft Groups (a) For the purpose of ratings on aircraft maintenance engineers licenses aircraft shall be classified in the following groups. Group 1: Complex motor-powered aircraft as well as multiple engine helicopters, aeroplanes with maximum certified operating altitude exceeding FL290, aircraft equipped with fly-by-wire systems, gas airships other than Category L and other aircraft requiring an aircraft type rating when defined so by the GCAA. The GCAA may decide to classify into Group 2, Group 3 or Group 4, as appropriate, an aircraft which meets the conditions set out in the first subparagraph, if it considers that the lower complexity of the particular aircraft justifies so. Group 2: Aircraft other than those in group 1 belonging to the following subgroups: (i) sub-group 2a: — single turbo-propeller engine aeroplanes — those turbojet and multiple-turboprop aeroplanes classified by the GCAA in this subgroup because of their lower complexity, (ii) sub-group 2b: — single turbine engine helicopters — those multiple turbine helicopters classified by the GCAA in this subgroup because of their lower complexity. (iii) sub-group 2c: — single piston engine helicopters — those multiple piston engine helicopters classified by the GCAA in this subgroup because of their lower complexity. Group 3: Piston engine aeroplanes other than those in Group 1. Group 4: Balloons and Airships other than those in Group 1. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 9 of 296 GM 66.5 Aircraft Groups The following table summarises the applicability of categories/subcategories of CAR 66 licenses versus the groups/subgroups of aircraft: Category/subcategory Groups A, B1 and C B2 B3 L 1 — Complex motor-powered aircraft — Multi-engine helicopters — Aeroplanes above FL290 — Aircraft with fly-by-wire systems — Any other aircraft when defined by the GCAA X X 1 — Gas airships other than Cat L X X 2 2a: Single turboprop aeroplanes 2b: Single turbine helicopters 2c: Single piston helicopters X X 3 — Piston engine aeroplanes X X 3 — Piston engine aeroplanes (non-pressurised of 2000 kg MTOM and below) X X X 4 — Balloons — Airships not in Group 1 X X CAR 66.10 - Application (a) An application for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence or amendment to such licence shall be made using the AMEL E-Licensing services application and/or any other assigned form, in a manner established by the General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA), and submitted thereto. (b) Each application shall be supported by documentation to demonstrate compliance with the applicable theoretical knowledge, practical training and experience requirements at the time of application. (c) The organisation requesting the grant or amendment to a licence is responsible for the review of the application before making a recommendation to the GCAA. AMC 66.10 – Application (a) Maintenance experience should be written up in a manner that the reader has a reasonable understanding of where, when and what maintenance constitutes the experience. A task-by- task account is not necessary but at the same time a bland statement “X year’s maintenance experience AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 10 of 296 completed” is not acceptable. A logbook of maintenance experience is desirable and the GCAA require such a logbook to be kept. It is acceptable to cross-refer in the E-Licensing system to other documents containing information on maintenance. (b) Applicants claiming the maximum reduction in 66.30(a) total experience based upon successful completion of CAR 147 approved basic training should include the CAR 147 certificate of recognition for approved basic training. (c) Applicants claiming reduction in 66.30(a) total experience based upon successful completion of technical training in an organisation or institute recognised by the GCAA as a competent organisation or institute should include the relevant certificate of successful completion of training. (d) The GCAA will only accept legible photocopies of course certificates and foreign licenses if duly certified as a true copy by the applicant’s organisation. Persons certifying documents should hold a responsible position within the organisation, preferably at management level. CAR 66.15 - Eligibility An applicant for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence shall be at least 18 years of age. AMC 66.15 – Eligibility An applicant for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers licence should meet one of the following eligibility criteria to apply for a GCAA AMEL. (a) A UAE/GCC (Gulf Co-Operation Council) national or (b) A legal employee of UAE approved organisation with proper justification for a need to hold a UAE GCAA aircraft maintenance engineers licence or (c) A graduate of a GCAA CAR 147 approved basic aircraft maintenance training organisation. CAR 66.20 - Privileges (a) The following privileges shall apply: A category A aircraft maintenance engineers licence permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the certification authorisation referred to in point 145.35 of CAR-145. The certification privileges shall be restricted to work that the licence holder has personally performed in the maintenance organisation that issued the certification authorisation. A category B1 aircraft maintenance engineers licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B1 support staff following: — Maintenance performed on aircraft structure, powerplant and mechanical and electrical systems, AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 11 of 296 — Work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting. Category B1 includes the corresponding A subcategory. A category B2 aircraft maintenance engineers licence shall permit the holder: (i) to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B2 support staff for following: — maintenance performed on avionic and electrical systems, and — electrical and avionics tasks within powerplant and mechanical systems, requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability; and (ii) to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the certification authorisation referred to in point 145.35 of CAR-145. This certification privilege shall be restricted to work that the licence holder has personally performed in the maintenance organisation which issued the certification authorisation and limited to the ratings already endorsed in the B2 licence. The category B2 licence does not include any A subcategory. A category B3 aircraft maintenance engineers licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B3 support staff for: — maintenance performed on aeroplane structure, powerplant and mechanical and electrical systems, — work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting. A category L aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue certificate of release to service and to act as L support staff following: — maintenance performed on structures, powerplant and mechanical and electrical systems; — work on radio, Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) and transponder systems; and — work on avionic systems requiring simple tests to prove their serviceability. A category C aircraft maintenance engineer’s licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft. The privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety. (b) The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineers licence shall not exercise its privileges unless: in compliance with the applicable requirements of CAR M and CAR-145; and in the preceding 2-year period he/she has, either had 6 months of maintenance experience in accordance with the privileges granted by the aircraft maintenance engineers licence or, met the provision for the issue of the appropriate privileges; and he/she has the adequate competence to certify maintenance on the corresponding aircraft; and he/she is able to read, write and communicate to an understandable level in the language(s) in which the technical documentation and procedures necessary to support the issue of the certificate of release to service are written. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 12 of 296 GM 66.20(a) - Privileges (a) The following definitions apply: Electrical system means the aircraft electrical power supply source, and the distribution system to the different components contained in the aircraft and relevant connectors. Lighting systems are also included in this definition. When working on cables and connectors, which are part of these electrical systems, the following typical practices are included in the privileges: — Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing; — Crimping and testing of crimped joints; — Connector pin removal and insertion; — Wiring protection techniques. Avionics system means an aircraft system that transfers, processes, displays, stores analogue, or digital data using data lines, data buses, coaxial cables, wireless or other data transmission medium, and includes the system’s components and connectors. Examples of avionics systems include the following: — Autoflight; — Communication, Radar and Navigation; — Instruments (see NOTE below); — In-Flight Entertainment Systems; — Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA); — On-Board Maintenance Systems; — Information Systems; — Fly-by-Wire Systems (related to ATA27 “Flight Controls); — Fibre Optic Control Systems. NOTE: Instruments are formally included in the privileges of the B2 licence holders. However, maintenance on electromechanical and pitot-static components may also be released by a B1, B3 or L licence holder. Simple test means a test described in approved maintenance data and meeting all the following criteria: — The serviceability of the system can be verified using aircraft controls, switches, Built-in Test Equipment (BITE), Central Maintenance Computer (CMC) or external test equipment not involving special training. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 13 of 296 — The outcome of the test is a unique go–no go indication or parameter, which can be a single value or a value within an interval tolerance. No interpretation of the test result or interdependence of different values is allowed. — The test does not involve more than 10 actions as described in the approved maintenance data (not including those required to configure the aircraft prior to the test, i.e. jacking, flaps down, etc, or to return the aircraft to its initial configuration). Pushing a control, switch or button, and reading the corresponding outcome may be considered as a single step even if the maintenance data shows them separated. Troubleshooting means the procedures and actions necessary to identify the root cause of a defect or malfunction using approved maintenance data. It may include the use of BITE or external test equipment. Line maintenance means any maintenance that is carried out before flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight. It may include: — Trouble shooting; — Defect rectification; — Component replacement with the use of external test equipment, if required. — Component replacement may include components such as engines and propellers; — Scheduled maintenance and/or checks including visual inspections that will detect obvious unsatisfactory conditions/discrepancies but do not require extensive in-depth inspection. It may also include internal structure, systems and powerplant items which are visible through quick opening access panels/doors; — Minor repairs and modifications which do not require extensive disassembly and can be accomplished by simple means; — For temporary or occasional cases (Airworthiness Directives, hereinafter AD; service bulletins, hereinafter SB) the quality manager may accept base maintenance tasks to be performed by a line maintenance organisation provided all requirements are fulfilled. The GCAA will prescribe the conditions under which these tasks may be performed. Base Maintenance means any task falling outside the criteria that are given above for Line Maintenance. NOTE: Aircraft maintained in accordance with “progressive” type programs need to be individually assessed in relation to this paragraph. In principle, the decision to allow some “progressive” checks to be carried out is determined by the assessment that all tasks within the particular check can be carried out safely to the required standards at the designated line maintenance station. (b) The category B3 licence does not include any A subcategory. Nevertheless, this does not prevent the B3 licence holder from releasing maintenance tasks typical of the A1.2 subcategory for piston-engine AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 14 of 296 non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below, within the limitations contained in the B3 licence. (c) The category C licence permits certification of scheduled base maintenance by the issue of a single certificate of release to service for the complete aircraft after the completion of all such maintenance. The basis for this certification is that the maintenance has been carried out by competent mechanics and category B1, B2, B3 and L support staff, as appropriate, have signed for the maintenance tasks under their respective specialisation. The principal function of the category C certifying staff is to ensure that all required maintenance has been called up and signed off by the category B1, B2, B3 and L support staff, as appropriate, before issue of the certificate of release to service. Only category C personnel who also hold category B1, B2, B3 or L qualifications may perform both roles in base maintenance. AMC 66.20(b)2 - Privileges (a) The 6 months maintenance experience in 2 years should be understood as consisting of two elements, duration and nature of the experience. The minimum to meet the requirements for these elements may vary depending on the size and complexity of the aircraft and type of operation and maintenance. Duration: Within an approved maintenance organisation: — 6 months continuous employment within the same organisation; or — 6 months split up into different blocks, employed within the same or in different organisations. The 6 months period can be replaced by 100 days of maintenance experience in accordance with the privileges, whether they have been performed within an approved organisation or as independent certifying staff according to CAR M.801 (b) or as a combination thereof. When the licence holder maintains and releases aircraft in accordance with CAR M.801 (b) 3, in certain circumstances this number of days may even be reduced by 50% when agreed in advance by the GCAA. These circumstances consider the cases where the holder of a CAR 66 licence happens to be the owner of an aircraft and carries out maintenance on his own aircraft, or where a licence holder maintains an aircraft operated for low utilisation, that does not allow the licence holder to accumulate the required experience. This reduction should not be combined with the 20% reduction permitted when carrying out technical support, or maintenance planning, continuing airworthiness management or engineering activities. To avoid a too long period without experience, the working days should be spread over the intended 6 months period. Nature of the experience: Depending on the category of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence, the following activities are considered relevant for maintenance experience: — Servicing; — Inspection; — Operational and functional testing; — Trouble-shooting; AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 15 of 296 — Repairing; — Modifying; — Changing component; — Supervising these activities; — Releasing aircraft to service. For category A certifying staff, the experience should include exercising the privileges, by means of performing tasks related to the authorisation on at least one aircraft type for each licence subcategory. This means tasks as mentioned in AMC 145.30(g), including servicing, component changes and simple defect rectifications. For category B1, B2, B3 and L, for every aircraft type rating included in the authorisation the experience should be on that particular aircraft or on a similar aircraft within the same licence (sub) category. Two aircraft can be considered as similar when they have similar technology, construction and comparable systems, which means equally equipped with the following (as applicable to the licence category): — Propulsion systems (piston or turboprop or turbofan or turbo shaft or jet-engine or push propellers); and — Flight control systems (only mechanical controls or hydro-mechanically powered controls or electro-mechanically powered controls); and — Avionic systems (analog systems or digital systems); and — Structure (manufactured of metal or composite or wood). For licences endorsed with (sub) group ratings; — In the case of a B1 licence endorsed with sub group ratings (either manufacturer sub group or sub full group) as defined in CAR 66.45 the holder should show experience on at least one aircraft type per sub group and per aircraft structure (metal, composite, wood). — In the case of a B2 licence endorsed with sub group ratings (either manufacturer sub group or full group) as defined in CAR 66.45 the holder should show experience on at least one aircraft type per sub group. — In the case of a B3 licence endorsed with the rating “piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below” as defined in 66.45, the holder should show experience on at least one aircraft type per aircraft structure (metal, composite or wood). For category C, the experience should cover at least one of the aircraft types endorsed on the licence. For a combination of categories, the experience should include some activities of the nature shown in paragraph 2 in each category. A maximum of 20% of the experience duration required may be replaced by the following relevant activities on an aircraft type of similar technology, construction and with comparable systems: AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 16 of 296 — Aircraft maintenance related training as an instructor/assessor or as a student; — Maintenance technical support/engineering; — Maintenance management/planning. The experience should be documented in an individual log book or in any other recording system (which may be an automated one) containing the following data: — Date; — Aircraft type; — Aircraft identification i.e. registration; — ATA chapter; — Operation performed i.e. 100 FH check, MLG wheel change, engine oil check and complement, SB embodiment, trouble shooting, structural repair, STC embodiment; — Type of maintenance i.e. base, line; — Type of activity i.e. perform, supervise, release; — Subcategory used (A1, A2, A3, A4, B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4, B2, B3, C or L); — Duration in days or partial-days. GM 66.20(b)2- Privileges The sentence ‘met the provision for the issue of the appropriate privileges’ included in 66.20(b)2 means that during the previous 2 years the person has met all the requirements for the endorsement of the corresponding aircraft rating (for example, in the case of aircraft in Group 1, theoretical plus practical element plus, if applicable, on-the-job training). This supersedes the need for 6 months of experience for the first 2 years. However, the requirement of 6 months of experience in the preceding 2 years will need to be met after the second year. AMC 66.20(b)3- Privileges The wording “has the adequate competence to certify maintenance on the corresponding aircraft” means that the licence holder and, if applicable, the organisation where he/she is contracted/employed, should ensure that he/she has acquired the appropriate knowledge, skills, attitude and experience to release the aircraft being maintained. This is essential because some systems and technology present in the particular aircraft being maintained may not have been covered by the training/examination/experience required to obtain the licence and ratings. This is typically the case, among others, in the following situations: — Type ratings that have been endorsed on a licence in accordance with Appendix I to AMC to CAR 66 “List of Type Ratings” after attending type training/on-the-job experience which did not cover all the models/variants included in such rating. For example, a licence endorsed with the rating Airbus A318/A319/A320/A321 (CFM56) after attending type training/on-the-job experience covering only the Airbus A320 (CFM56). AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 17 of 296 — Type ratings, which have been endorsed on a licence in accordance with Appendix I to AMC to CAR 66 “List of Type Ratings” after a new variant has been added to the rating in Appendix I, without performing difference training. For example, licence endorsed with the rating Boeing 737- 600/700/800/900 for a person who already had the rating Boeing 737-600/700/800, without performing any difference training for the 737-900. — Work being carried out on a model/variant for which the technical design and maintenance techniques have significantly evolved from the original model used in the type training/on-the-job experience. — Specific technology and options selected by each customer, which may not have been covered by the type training/on-the-job experience. — Changes in the basic knowledge requirements of Appendix I to CAR 66 not requiring re- examination of existing licence holders (grandfathered privileges). — The endorsement of group/subgroup ratings based on experience on a representative number of tasks/aircraft or based on type training/examination on a representative number of aircraft. — Persons meeting the requirements of 6 months of experience every 2 years only on certain similar aircraft types as allowed by AMC 66.20(b)2. — Persons holding a CAR 66 licence with limitations, obtained through conversion of qualifications (66.70), where such limitations are going to be lifted after performing the corresponding basic knowledge examinations. In this case, the type ratings endorsed in the licence may have been obtained in the national system without covering all the aircraft systems (because of the previous limitations) and there will be a need to assess and, if applicable, to train this person on the missing systems. GM 66.20(b) 4 - Privileges (a) Holders of a CAR 66 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence may only exercise certification privileges when they have a general knowledge of the language used within the maintenance environment including knowledge of common aeronautical terms in the language. The level of knowledge should be such that the licence holder is able to: — read and understand the instructions and technical manuals used for the performance of maintenance; — make written technical entries and any maintenance documentation entries, which can be understood by those with whom they are normally required to communicate; — read and understand the maintenance organisation procedures; — communicate at such a level as to prevent any misunderstanding when exercising certification privileges. (b) In all cases, the level of understanding should be compatible with the level of certification privileges exercised. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 18 of 296 CAR 66.25 Basic knowledge requirements (a) For an aircraft maintenance licence other than category L, an applicant for an aircraft maintenance engineer’s licence or the addition of a category or subcategory to such an aircraft maintenance engineers licence shall demonstrate, by examination, a level of knowledge in the appropriate subject modules in accordance with Appendix I to this CAR. The basic knowledge examinations shall be conducted by a training organisation appropriately approved under CAR 147 or by the GCAA. All examinations conducted outside the GCAA must be conducted by the same GCAA approved training organisation. Approved training may be carried out by another training provider if the provisions of AMC 66.25 (3) have been adopted by a CAR 147 approved basic training organisation. (b) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence in the category L shall demonstrate by examination a level of knowledge of appropriate subject modules in accordance with Appendix VI. The examination shall comply with the standard described in Appendix VII and shall be conducted by a training organization appropriately approved under CAR 147 or as agreed by the GCAA. (c) The training courses and examinations shall have been passed within 10 years prior to the application for an aircraft maintenance engineers licence or the addition of a category or subcategory to such aircraft maintenance engineers licence. Should this not be the case, examination credits may however be obtained in accordance with point (c). (d) The applicant may apply to the GCAA for full or partial examination credit to the basic knowledge requirements for. basic knowledge examinations that do not meet the requirement described in point (b) above; and Any other technical qualification considered by the GCAA to be equivalent to the knowledge standard of CAR 66. (e) Credits expire 10 years after they were granted to the applicant by the GCAA. The applicant may apply for new credits after expiration. (f) The GCAA may conduct an oral examination, assessment or interview with any applicant for a basic licence. AMC 66.25 - Basic knowledge requirements (a) For an applicant being a person qualified by holding an academic degree or HND in an aeronautical, mechanical or electronic discipline from a recognised university or other higher educational institute the need for any examination will depend upon the course taken in relation to Appendix I to CAR 66 (b) Knowledge gained and examinations passed during previous experiences, for example, in military aviation and civilian apprenticeships will be credited where the GCAA is satisfied that such knowledge and examinations are equivalent to that required by Appendix I to CAR 66. (c) Approved training may be carried out at a different CAR 147 approved basic training organisation provided the training organisation has a procedure approved by the GCAA for accepting such applicants. A declaration shall be made by both the applicant and the training organisation before making application to the GCAA. (CAR 66.10 refers). AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 19 of 296 GM 66.25(a) (1) - Basic knowledge requirements The levels of knowledge for each licence (sub) category are directly related to the complexity of certifications related to the corresponding licence (sub)category which means that category A should demonstrate a limited but adequate level of knowledge, whereas category B1, B2 and B3 should demonstrate a complete level of knowledge in the appropriate subject modules. GM 66.25(a)(2) – Basic knowledge requirements “As agreed by the GCAA” means that the examination is conducted by an organisation under a formal agreement with and the oversight of the GCAA. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 20 of 296 CAR 66.30 - Basic Experience requirements (a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance engineers licence shall have acquired: for category A and subcategories B1.2 and B1.4 and category B3: (i) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft, if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or (ii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the GCAA as a skilled worker, in a technical trade; or (iii) 1 year of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a basic training course approved in accordance with CAR 147. or category B2 and subcategories B1.1 and B1.3: (i) 5 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or (ii) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the GCAA as a skilled worker, in a technical trade; or (iii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a basic training course approved in accordance with CAR 147 For category L 2 Years of practical maintenance experience on operating balloons/airships covering a representative cross section of maintenance activities in the corresponding subcategory. for category C with respect to large aircraft: (i) 3 years of experience exercising category B1.1, B1.3 or B2 privileges on large aircraft or as CAR 145 B1.1, B1.3 or B2 support staff, or, a combination of both; or (ii) 5 years of experience exercising category B1.2 or B1.4 privileges on large aircraft or as CAR 145 B1.2 or B1.4 support staff, or a combination of both; or for category C with respect to other than large aircraft: 3 years of experience exercising category B1 or B2 privileges on other than large aircraft or as CAR 145 B1.1, B1.3 or B2 support staff, or, a combination of both; or for category C obtained through the academic route: an applicant holding an academic degree in a technical discipline, from a university or other higher educational institution recognised by the GCAA, three years of experience working in a civil aircraft maintenance environment on a AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 21 of 296 representative selection of tasks directly associated with aircraft maintenance including six months of observation of base maintenance tasks. (b) An applicant for an extension to an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence shall have a minimum civil aircraft maintenance experience requirement appropriate to the additional category or subcategory of licence applied for as defined in Appendix IV to this CAR. (c) The experience shall be practical and involve a representative cross section of maintenance tasks on aircraft. (d) At least one year of the required experience shall be recent maintenance experience on aircraft of the category/subcategory for which the initial Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence is sought. For subsequent category/subcategory additions to an existing Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence, the additional recent maintenance experience required may be less than one year, but shall be at least three months. The required experience shall be dependent upon the difference between the licence category/subcategory held and applied for. Such additional experience must shall be typical of the new licence category/subcategory sought. (e) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), aircraft maintenance experience gained outside a civil aircraft maintenance environment shall be accepted when such maintenance is equivalent to that required by this CAR as established by the GCAA. Additional experience of civil aircraft maintenance shall, however, be required to ensure adequate understanding of the civil aircraft maintenance environment. (f) Experience shall have been acquired within the 10 years preceding the application for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence or the addition of a category or subcategory to such a licence. (g) The practical experience shall be conducted at and under the control of a maintenance organisation appropriately approved for the maintenance and shall be assessed by a designated assessor appropriately qualified. (h) In order to facilitate the verification by the GCAA, demonstration of practical experience shall consist of detailed worksheet/log book and compliance report completed by designated assessor demonstrating how the practical experience meets this CAR. AMC 66.30(a) - Basic experience requirements (a) For a category C applicant holding an academic degree the representative selection of tasks should include the observation of hangar maintenance, maintenance planning, quality assurance, record- keeping, approved spare parts control and engineering development. (b) While an applicant to a CAR 66 category C licence may be qualified by having 3 years’ experience as category B1 or B2 certifying staff only in line maintenance, it is however recommended that any applicant to a category C holding a B1 or B2 licence demonstrate at least 12 months experience as a B1 or B2 support staff. (c) A skilled worker is a person who has successfully completed a course of training, acceptable to the GCAA, involving the manufacture, repair, overhaul or inspection of mechanical, electrical or electronic equipment. The training would include the use of tools and measuring devices. (d) Maintenance experience on operating aircraft: AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 22 of 296 — Means the experience of being involved in maintenance tasks on aircraft which are being operated by airlines, air taxi organisations, aero clubs, owners, etc, as relevant to the licence category/subcategory; — Should cover a wide range of tasks in length, complexity and variety; — Aims at gaining sufficient experience in the real environment of maintenance as opposed to only the training school environment; — May be gained within different types of maintenance organisations (CAR 145, M.A. Subpart F, Part- 145, FAR-145,) or under the supervision of independent certifying staff; however at least 50% of the required experience period must be gained at GCAA approved organizations within UAE territory or as otherwise agreed by the GCAA. — May be combined with CAR 147 approved training (or other training approved by GCAA) so that periods of training can be intermixed with periods of experience, similar to an apprenticeship. — In the case of licence in the category L, may be full-time or part-time, either as professional or on a voluntary basis. — In the case of the L licence it is acceptable that the two year experience required covers maintenance preformed only during the weekends (or equivalent periods) as long as the applicant has achieved a sufficient level of competency related to the licence category as attested by the corresponding statement(s) issued by the maintenance organisation(s) or independent certifying staff who supervised the applicant. (e) In the case of an applicant for a licence including several categories/subcategories, it is acceptable to combine the periods of experience as long as there is a sufficient experience for each category/subcategory during the required period. Examples: — Application for a B1.1 (turbine aeroplanes) + B1.3 (turbine helicopters): CAR 66 requires 5 years of experience for B1.1 and 5 years of experience for B1.3 for an applicant with no relevant previous technical training: — It is not acceptable to combine the experience in a single 5-year period where the applicant has been working for 3 years on turbine aeroplanes and 2 years on turbine helicopters. — However, it is acceptable to combine the experience in a single 5-year period if the applicant has been working for 5 years on turbine aeroplanes and turbine helicopters (for example, aeroplanes in the morning, helicopters in the afternoon, or a few days every week on aeroplanes and a few days every week on helicopters). — Application for a B1.1 (turbine aeroplanes) + B2 (avionics): The Regulation requires 5 years of experience for B1.1 and 5 years of experience for B2 for an applicant with no relevant previous technical training. — It is not acceptable to combine the experience in a single 5-year period where the applicant has been working for 3 years on turbine aeroplanes (with no avionics work) and 2 years on avionics systems. — However, it is acceptable to combine the experience in a single 5-year period if the applicant has been working for 5 years on structures, powerplant, mechanical and electrical systems and avionics (for B1.1 tasks in the morning, B2 tasks in the afternoon, or a few days every week for B1.1 tasks and a few days every week for AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 23 of 296 B2 tasks). — Application for a B1.1, B1.2, B1.3, B1.4 and B2: The Regulation requires 5 years of experience for B1.1, B1.3 and B2 and 3 years of experience for B1.2 and B1.4 for an applicant with no relevant previous technical training. — In this case, it is very unlikely that the experience for each category/subcategory would be sufficient. AMC 66.30(d) - Basic experience requirements To be considered as recent experience; at least 50% of the required 12 month experience should be gained within the 12 month period prior to the date of application for the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence. The remainder of the experience should have been gained within the 7 year period prior to application. It must be noted that the rest of the basic experience required by 66.30 must be obtained within the 10 years prior to the application as required by 66.30(f). The evidence of the experience acquired can be shown as a documented schedule of works experience log book compiled in ATA format. AMC 66.30(e) - Basic experience requirements (a) For category A the additional experience of civil aircraft maintenance should be a minimum of 6 months. For category B1, B2 or B3 the additional experience of civil aircraft maintenance should be a minimum of 12 months. (b) Aircraft maintenance experience gained outside a civil aircraft maintenance environment can include aircraft maintenance experience gained in armed forces, coast guards, police etc. or in aircraft manufacturing. CAR 66.40 - Continued validity of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence (a) The Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence becomes invalid eight years after its last issue, unless the holder submits his/her Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence to the GCAA, in order to verify that the information contained in the licence is the same as that contained in the GCAA records. (b) For a licence that has expired for more than 2 years following the expiry date on the licence the holder will be required to Complete a declaration stating that he/she has not exercised the privileges of the licence since the expiry date, together with a supporting letter from the Quality Department and pass a GCAA Aviation Legislation examination. If the applicant does not currently work for a GCAA approved organisation the applicant will be required to complete a declaration stating that he/she has not exercised the privileges of the licence since the expiry and pass a GCAA Aviation Legislation examination. (c) The holder of an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence shall complete the relevant fields in the E- Licensing system and submit it with the holder’s copy of the licence to the GCAA, unless the holder works in a maintenance organisation approved in accordance with CAR 145 that has a procedure in its AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 24 of 296 exposition whereby such organisation may submit the necessary documentation on behalf of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence holder. (d) Any certification privileges based upon an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence becomes invalid as soon as the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence is invalid. (e) The Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence is only valid when issued and/or amended by the GCAA and when the holder has signed the document. GM 66.40 - Continued validity of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence Validity of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence is not affected by recency of maintenance experience whereas the validity of the CAR 66.20 privileges is affected by maintenance experience as specified in CAR 66.20(b). CAR 66.45 - Endorsement with aircraft ratings (a) In order to be entitled to exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type, the holder of an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence shall have his/her licence endorsed with the relevant aircraft ratings. — For category B1, B2 or C the relevant aircraft ratings are the following: 1. For group 1 aircraft, the appropriate aircraft type rating. 2. For group 2 aircraft, the appropriate aircraft type rating, manufacturer sub-group rating or full sub-group rating. 3. For group 3 aircraft, the appropriate aircraft type rating or full group rating. — For category B3, the relevant rating is ‘piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below’. — For category A, no rating is required, subject to compliance with the requirements of point 145.35 of CAR-145. (b) The endorsement of aircraft type ratings requires the satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1, B2 or C aircraft type training. (c) In addition to the requirement of point (b), the endorsement of the first aircraft type rating within a given category/sub-category requires satisfactory completion of the corresponding On the Job Experience, as described in Appendix III to CAR 66. (d) By derogation from points (b) and (c), for group 2 and 3 aircraft, aircraft type ratings may also be granted after: AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 25 of 296 — satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1, B2 or C aircraft type examination described in Appendix III to CAR 66, and — in the case of B1 and B2 category, demonstration of practical experience on the aircraft type. In that case, the practical experience shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the licence category. In the case of a category C rating for a person qualified by holding an academic degree as specified in point 66.30(a)(5), the first relevant aircraft type examination shall be at the category B1 or B2 level. (e) For group 2 aircraft: the endorsement of manufacturer sub-group ratings for category B1 and C licence holders requires complying with the aircraft type rating requirements of at least two aircraft types from the same manufacturer which combined are representative of the applicable manufacturer sub-group; the endorsement of full sub-group ratings for category B1 and C licence holders requires complying with the aircraft type rating requirements of at least three aircraft types from different manufacturers which combined are representative of the applicable sub-group; the endorsement of manufacturer sub-groups and full sub-group ratings for category B2 licence holders requires demonstration of practical experience which shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the licence category and to the applicable aircraft sub- group. (f) For group 3 aircraft: the endorsement of the full group 3 rating for category B1, B2 and C licence holders requires demonstration of practical experience, which shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the licence category and to the group 3.for category B1, unless the applicant provides evidence of appropriate experience, the group 3 rating shall be subject to the following limitations, which shall be endorsed on the licence: — pressurised aeroplanes — metal structure aeroplanes — composite structure aeroplanes — wooden structure aeroplanes — aeroplanes with metal tubing structure covered with fabric. (g) For the B3 licence: the endorsement of the rating "piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below" requires demonstration of practical experience which shall include a representative cross- section of maintenance activities relevant to the licence category. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 26 of 296 unless the applicant provides evidence of appropriate experience, the rating referred to in point 1 shall be subject to the following limitations, which shall be endorsed on the licence: — wooden structure aeroplanes — aeroplanes with metal tubing structure covered with fabric — metal structure aeroplanes — composite structure aeroplanes. (h) For the L licence: The endorsement of ratings requires demonstration of appropriate balloon/airship manufacture training and practical experience which shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the category/subcategory. AMC 66.45(e) - Endorsement with aircraft ratings (a) For the granting of manufacturer subgroup ratings for Group 2 aircraft, for B1 and C licence holders, the sentence “at least two aircraft types from the same manufacturer which combined are representative of the applicable manufacturer subgroup” means that the selected aircraft types should cover all the technologies relevant to the manufacturer subgroup in the following areas: — Flight control systems (mechanical controls/hydro mechanically powered controls/ electromechanically powered controls); and — Avionic systems (analogue systems/digital systems); and — Structure (manufactured of metal/composite/wood). In cases where there are very different aircraft types within the same manufacturer Subgroup, it may be necessary to cover more than two aircraft types to ensure adequate representation. For this purpose it may be possible to use aircraft types from the same manufacturer Classified in Group 1 as long as the selected aircraft belong to the same licence subcategory for which the rating will be endorsed.For the granting of full subgroup ratings for Group 2 aircraft, for B1 and C licence holders, the sentence “at least three aircraft types from different manufacturers which combined are representative of the applicable subgroup” means that the selected aircraft types should cover all the technologies relevant to the manufacturer subgroup in the following areas: — Flight control systems (mechanical controls/hydro mechanically powered controls/ electromechanically powered controls); and — Avionic systems (analogue systems/digital systems); and — Structure (manufactured of metal/composite/wood). AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 27 of 296 In cases where there are very different aircraft types within the same subgroup, it may be necessary to cover more than three aircraft types to ensure adequate representation. For this purpose it may be possible to use aircraft types from different manufacturers classified in Group 1 as long as the selected aircraft belong to the same licence subcategory for which the rating will be endorsed. (b) For manufacturer subgroup ratings, the term “manufacturer” means the TC holder defined in the certification data sheet, which is reflected in the list of type ratings in Appendix I to AMC to CAR 66. In the case of an aircraft rating where the type rating refers to a TC holder made of a combination of two manufacturers which produce a similar aircraft (i.e. AGUSTA/BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON or any case of aircraft similarly built by another manufacturer), this combination should be considered as one manufacturer. As a consequence: — When a licence holder gets a manufacturer type or a manufacturer subgroup rating made of a combination of manufacturers, it covers the combination of such manufacturers. — When a licence holder who intends to endorse a full subgroup rating selects three aircraft from different manufacturers, this means from different combinations of manufacturers as applicable. AMC 66.45(d),(e)3,(f)1,(g)1 and (h) - Endorsement with aircraft ratings (a) The “practical experience” should cover a representative cross section including at least 50 % of tasks contained in Appendix II to AMC relevant to the licence category and to the applicable aircraft type ratings or aircraft (sub)group ratings being endorsed. This experience should cover tasks from each paragraph of the Appendix II list. Other tasks than those in the Appendix II may be considered as a replacement when they are relevant. In the case of (sub)group ratings, this experience may be shown by covering one or several aircraft types of the applicable (sub)group and may include experience on aircraft classified in group 1, 2 and/or 3 as long as the experience is relevant. The practical experience should be obtained under the supervision of authorised certifying staff. (b) In the case of endorsement of individual type ratings for Group 2 and Group 3 aircraft, for the second aircraft type of each manufacturer (sub)group the practical experience should be reduced to 30 % of the tasks contained in Appendix II to AMC relevant to the licence category and to the applicable aircraft type. For subsequent aircraft types of each manufacturer (sub)group this should be reduced to 20 %. Practical experience should be demonstrated by the submission of records or a logbook showing the Appendix II tasks performed by the applicant. Typical data to be recorded are similar to those described in AMC 66.20(b)2. GM 66.45(b) - Endorsement with aircraft ratings An aircraft type rating includes all the aircraft models/variants listed in column 2 of Appendix 1 to AMC to CAR 66. When a person already holds a type rating on the licence and such type rating is amended in the Appendix I to AMC to CAR 66 in order to include additional models/variants, there is no need for additional type training for the purpose of amending the type rating in the licence. The rating should be amended to include the new variants, upon request by the applicant, without additional requirements. However, it is the responsibility of the licence holder and, if applicable, the maintenance organisation where he/she is AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 28 of 296 employed to comply with 66.20(b)3, 145.35(a) and M.607(a), as applicable, before he/she exercises certification privileges. Similarly, type training courses covering certain, but not all the models/variants included in a type rating, are valid for the purpose of endorsing the full type rating. GM 66.45 - Endorsement with aircraft ratings The following table shows a summary of the aircraft rating requirements contained in 66.45, 66.50 and Appendix III to CAR 66. The table contains the following: — The different aircraft groups; — For each licence (sub)category, which ratings are possible (at the choice of the applicant): (i) Individual type ratings; (ii) Full and/or Manufacturer (sub)group ratings; — For each rating option, which are the qualification options; — For the B1.2 licence (Group 3 aircraft) and for the B3 licence (piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below), which are the possible limitations to be included in the licence if not sufficient experience can be demonstrated in those areas. Note: OJE means “On-the-Job Experience” (Appendix III to CAR 66, Section 6) and is only required for the first aircraft rating in the licence (sub) category. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 29 of 296 Aircraft rating requirements Aircraft B1/B3/L licence B2 licence C licence Group 1 aircraft, except airships (For B1) (For B2) Individual TYPE RATING Individual TYPE RATING Individual TYPE RATING - Complex motor- powered aircraft. - Multiple engine helicopters. - Aeroplanes certified above FL290. - Aircraft equipped with fly-by-wire. - Other aircraft when defined by the GCAA. Type training: Theory + examination Practical + assessment PLUS OJE (for first aircraft in licence subcategory) Type training: Theory + examination Practical + assessment PLUS OJE (for first aircraft in licence subcategory) Type training: - Theory + examination Group 1 airships (For L licence) (For B2) Individual TYPE RATING Individual TYPE RATING Type training: Theory + examination Practical + assessment PLUS OJE (for first aircraft in licence subcategory) Type training: Theory + examination Practical + assessment PLUS OJE (for first aircraft in licence category) Not applicable Group 2 aircraft (For B1.1, B1.3, B1.4) Individual TYPE RATING (type training + OJE) or (type examination + practical experience) Full SUBGROUP RATING (type training + OJE) or (type examination + practical experience) on at least 3 aircraft representative of that subgroup Manufacturer SUBGROUP (For B2) Subgroups: 2a: single turboprop aeroplanes (*) Individual TYPE RATING (type training + OJE) or (type examination + practical experience) Individual TYPE RATING type training or type examination 2b: single turbine engine helicopters (*) 2c: single piston engine helicopters (*) (For B2) Full SUBGROUP RATING based on demonstration of practical experience Full SUBGROUP RATING type training or type examination on at least 3 aircraft representative of that subgroup (*) Except those classified in Group 1. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 30 of 296 RATING (type training + OJE) or (type examination + practical experience) on at least 2 aircraft representative of that manufacturer subgroup Manufacturer SUBGROUP RATING based on demonstration of practical experience Manufacturer SUBGROUP RATING type training or type examination on at least 2 aircraft representative of that manufacturer subgroup Aircraft rating requirements Aircraf t B1/B3/L licence B2 licence C licence Group 3 aircraft (For B1.2) (For B2) Piston engine aeroplanes (except those classified in Group 1) Individual TYPE RATING (type training + OJE) or (type examination + practical experience) Individual TYPE RATING (type training + OJE) or (type examination + practical experience) Individual TYPE RATING type training or type examination Full GROUP 3 RATING based on demonstration of practical experience Limitations: Pressurized aeroplanes Metal aeroplanes Composite aeroplanes Wooden aeroplanes Metal tubing & fabric Aeroplanes (For B2) Full GROUP 3 RATING based on demonstration of appropriate experience Full GROUP 3 RATING based on demonstration of practical experience Piston-engine non- pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below (For B3) FULL RATING "Piston- engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below" based on demonstration of practical experience Limitations: Metal aeroplanes Composite aeroplanes Wooden aeroplanes Metal tubing & fabric aeroplanes This rating cannot be endorsed on a B2 licence. These aircraft are already covered by the endorsement of ratings for Group 3 aircraft (see box above) This rating cannot be endorsed on a C licence. These aircraft are already covered by the endorsement of ratings for Group 3 aircraft (see box above) AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 31 of 296 Group 4 aircraft: (For all L subcategories) (For B2) balloons and airships other than those in Group 1 For L: ‘hot-air balloons’ rating, For L: ‘gas balloons’ rating, For L: ‘hot-air airships’ rating, For L: ‘gas airships’ rating, all based on demonstration of practical experience Limitations: see 66.45(h) Full GROUP 4 RATING based on demonstration of practical experience Not applicable AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 32 of 296 CAR 66.50 - Limitations (a) Limitations introduced on an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence are exclusions from the certification privileges and affect the aircraft in its entirety. (b) For limitations referred to in point 66.45, limitations shall be removed upon: demonstration of appropriate experience; or after a satisfactory practical assessment performed by the GCAA. (c) For limitations referred to in point 66.70 (c), limitations shall be removed upon satisfactory completion of examination on those modules/subjects defined in appendix 1 to CAR 66.50(c) and compliance with the relevant experience requirements. AMC 66.50(b) - Limitations (a) The appropriate experience required to remove the limitations referred to in 66.45(f) and (g) should consist of the performance of a variety of tasks appropriate to the limitations under the supervision of authorised certifying staff. This should include the tasks required by a scheduled annual inspection. Alternatively, this experience may also be gained, if agreed by the GCAA, by theoretical and practical training provided by the manufacturer, as long as an assessment is further carried out and recorded by this manufacturer. (b) It may be acceptable to have this experience on just one aircraft type, provided that this type is representative of the (sub) group in relation to the limitation being removed. (c) The application for the limitation removal should be supported by a record of experience signed by the authorised certifying staff or by an assessment signed by the manufacturer after completion of the applicable theoretical and practical training. CAR 66.55 - Evidence of qualification Personnel exercising certification privileges as well as support staff shall produce their licence, as evidence of qualification, within 24 hours upon request from an authorised person. CAR 66.70 - Conversion provisions (a) The holder of a certifying staff qualification valid in the UAE, prior to the date of entry into force of this CAR shall be issued an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence by the GCAA without further examination subject to the conditions specified in para (c). (b) A person undergoing a certifying staff qualification process valid, prior to the date of entry into force of this CAR may continue to be qualified. The holder of a certifying staff qualification gained following such qualification process shall be issued an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence without further examination subject to the conditions specified in para (c). (c) Where necessary, the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence shall contain limitations in accordance with point 66.50 to reflect the differences between: the scope of the certifying staff qualification valid before the entry into force of this Regulation and. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 33 of 296 the basic knowledge requirements and the basic examination standards laid down in Appendix Iand II to this CAR. (d) By derogation to paragraph (c) for aircraft not involved in commercial air transport other than large aircraft, the Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence shall contain limitations in accordance with point 66.50 to ensure that the certifying staff privileges valid before the entry into force of this Regulation and the privileges of the converted CAR 66 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence remain the same. AMC 66.70 - Conversion provisions (a) As described in CAR 66.70, the conversion provisions apply to the holder of a certifying staff qualification valid prior to the date of entry into force of CAR 66. The sentence the holder of a certifying staff qualification valid, means any person who had a qualification valid allowing that person the performance of activities identical to the privileges of “certifying staff” contained in CAR 66. This means that the signature of that person was sufficient to declare that the maintenance had been properly performed and the aircraft was ready for service and fit for flight in respect to such maintenance. This should not be mistaken for the responsibilities linked to the airworthiness review, which was performed at different periods (typically varying from 6 months to 3 years) in the national systems. This is an activity which is performed at very specific points of time and not after every maintenance activity. As an airworthiness review (or equivalent term used in the national systems) is not performed after every maintenance event before the aircraft takes flight, an airworthiness review cannot be considered as a maintenance release. This means that the conversion provisions described in 66.70 are not applicable to persons performing airworthiness review functions unless their signature was required after every maintenance event before the aircraft can take flight. (b) The conversion applies to “certifying staff qualifications” such as, for example: — Holding a national licence (or completed the process to obtain such a national licence); — Having completed a qualification process defined by the GCAA to become certifying staff; — Having completed the qualification requirements for certifying staff within a maintenance organisation, as defined in their procedures. This does not mean that in order to be entitled to a conversion process, the applicant has to be exercising certification privileges. A person may hold a “certifying staff qualification” while not having certification privileges (or while exercising very limited certification privileges below his/her qualification) for different reasons such as, for example, the following: — The person is working as “support staff” in the base maintenance environment; — The person has been authorised only for a very limited range of tasks (lower than what he/she would be entitled if his/her qualification is considered) since the person is working in a line station where the scope of tasks is very limited; — The person holds a licence with a wider scope than the scope of the organisation where he/she is employed; — The person is working outside the aviation industry or is temporarily on leave due to different reasons (medical, personal, etc.). These persons are entitled to have the conversion performed in accordance with the full scope of their qualification and the full privileges that they would be entitled to hold on the basis of such qualification. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 34 of 296 (c) As described in point 66.70, certifying staff qualifications eligible for conversion are those valid prior to the date of entry into force of CAR 66, which means those qualifications valid before: — 01 July 2011 for aircraft above and below 5 700 kg MTOM. Nevertheless, since the B3 licence did not exist at those dates, certifying staff qualifications eligible for conversion to a B3 licence are those valid before 01 December 2013, which is the date when the GCAA has the obligation to start issuing such licences. (d) Although only those certifying staff qualifications gained prior to the dates indicated above are eligible for conversion, this does not mean that the application for conversion has to be submitted prior to those dates. The applicant is entitled to have the conversion performed irrespective of when he/she applies for conversion. (e) A certifying staff qualification can be subject to more than one conversion process and can also be converted to more than one licence (with any applicable limitations). This could be the case, for example, for a person who already had the certifying staff qualification converted to a B1.2 licence with limitations linked to some missing elements of the CAR 66 Appendix I and II standard (following 66.70(c). This person would be entitled to apply and have his/her certifying staff qualification converted to a B1.2 or a B3 licence on the basis of 66.70(d), which would mean that there is no need to compare with the CAR 66 Appendix I and II standard, introducing only those limitations required to maintain the existing privileges. AMC 66.70(c) - Conversion provisions For example, a limitation could be where a person holds a pre-existing certifying staff qualification which covered, to the standard of CAR 66 Appendix I and II, all the modules/subjects corresponding to the B1 licence except for electrical power systems. This person would receive a CAR 66 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence in the B1 category with a limitation (exclusion) on electrical power systems. For removal of limitations, refer to Appendix 1 to 66.50(c). AMC 66.70 (d) - Conversion Provisions (non UAE Licenses) The following list identifies which ICAO licences are acceptable for conversion to a GCAA licence, the list is split into two categories. Category 1. The following ICAO licences are acceptable for conversion to a GCAA licence following an Aviation Legislation examination conducted by or on behalf of the GCAA. Austria, Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malaysia, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Category 2. The following ICAO licences are acceptable for conversion to a GCAA licence following an Aviation Legislation examination conducted by or on behalf of the GCAA, and a Human Factors examination conducted by the GCAA or a CAR 147 approved Maintenance Training Organisation. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 35 of 296 Algeria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Brunei, Canada, Egypt, FAA A&P with IA, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, A&P/Part 66, Lebanon, Macau, Mauritius, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia A&P with IA, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen and Ethiopia (A&C) Category 3. The following ICAO licences are acceptable for conversion to a GCAA licence following completed GCAA approved structured validation program within recognized CAR 147 approved MTO, and an Aviation Legislation examination conducted by or on behalf of the GCAA, and a Human Factors examination conducted by the GCAA or a CAR 147 approved Maintenance Training Organisation: Ethiopia (Avionics License) and Nepal Conversion provision for non-type rated licences: The following licences issued by an ICAO contracting state (listed above) without a type rating and certification privileges may be eligible for conversion to a GCAA corresponding basic category A licence following completion of a GCAA Aviation Legislation exam and Human Factor exam as applicable: a. Basic category B1 or basic airframe/powerplant foreign licences without heavy limitations. b. Basic unrestricted category A license Foreign license with limitations not defined in APPENDIX I to GM 66.50 will not be accepted. Further extension of GCAA category A licence issued under this provision shall comply with GCAA CAR 66 knowledge and experience requirements. Basic airframe/powerplant foreign licences issued by an ICAO contracting state (listed above) without a type rating and certification privileges may be eligible for a conversion to a GCAA category A licence following completion of a GCAA Aviation Legislation exam and Human Factor exam as applicable. Further extension of GCAA category A licence issued under the provision of this paragraph shall comply with GCAA CAR 66 knowledge and experience requirements. Candidates applying for foreign licence conversion may be required to sit additional CAR 66 full/part modular examination that are considered necessary by the GCAA to convert the foreign licence to a non- restricted GCAA CAR 66 AMEL. Requests for a licence conversion on the basis of a non UAE licence referred to in GM 66.70(d) with a large number of limitations or with limitations that severely restricts the corresponding CAR 66 privileges will not be accepted. Upon successful completion of the applicable examinations referred to in GM 66.70(d) the candidate will be required to apply for issue of a CAR 66 licence through the E-Services application. Ratings held by the individual on their non UAE licence will be endorsed on the licence iaw AMC 66.45(a). For a licence conversion from a non UAE licence, the exam retake restriction does not apply for examination conducted by, or on behalf of the GCAA, a failed modular examination may be retaken at any time, however only one re-sit attempt will be allowed, after this the applicant must attend a GCAA Aviation Legislation and/or Human Factor course at a CAR 147 approved training organisation, after which, the AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 36 of 296 complete examination must be taken MCQ and essay. Certificates required for licence conversions referred to above will be valid for a period of 12 months from the date of examination. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 37 of 296 Applicants must hold a valid type rated Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence from an ICAO contracting state listed in GM 66.70(d), if the listed ICAO contracting state does not issue a type rated Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence, a valid basic Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence comparable and equivalent to the appropriate CAR 66 AMEL B1, B2, B3 or L category Applicant must have held privileges to issue Certificate of Release to Service (CRS) under a maintenance/certification authorisation granted by a previous organisation under the oversight of the foreign license issuing authority. The non UAE licence must be verified by the issuing authority and addressed to the GCAA, and if applicable, the maintenance/certification authorisation shall also be verified by the regulatory authority of the company that issued the maintenance authorisation to verify/attest that the authorisation issued by the company complies with ICAO Aircraft Maintenance Personal Licensing standards. the above mentioned maintenance/certification authorisation verification is needed from applicants who hold basic licences which are issued from the ICAO contracting state that does not issue type rated Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licences. The applicant must furnish training course certificates related to the certification qualification. AMC 66.70 – Conversion provisions temporary validation (non UAE Licences) (a) To permit a non UAE licence holder to exercise the privileges of their licence in the U.A.E. a non UAE licence can be validated by issuance of a letter of validation, with initial validity of ninety (90) days and may be further extended for another 90 days under extenuating circumstances. (b) The pre-requisites and eligibility criteria for the issue of a temporary validation are detailed in GM 66.70 (d) and GM 66.70 (e). AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 38 of 296 APPENDICES TO CAR 66 APPENDIX I : BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS (except for category L licence) 1. Knowledge Levels - Category A, B1, B2, B3, and C Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence Basic knowledge for categories A, B1 B2 and B3 are indicated by knowledge levels (1, 2 or 3) against each applicable subject. Category C applicants shall meet either the category B1 or the category B2 basic knowledge levels. The knowledge level indicators are defined on 3 levels as follows: LEVEL 1: A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject. Objectives: (a) The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject. (b) The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and examples. (c) The applicant should be able to use typical terms. LEVEL 2: A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and an ability to apply that knowledge. Objectives: (a) The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject. (b) The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples. (c) The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. (d) The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the subject. (e) The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures. LEVEL 3: A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and a capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner. Objectives: (a) The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. (b) The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 39 of 296 (c) The applicant should understand and be able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject. (d) The applicant should be able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics describing the subject. (e) The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer’s instructions. (f) The applicant should be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply corrective action where appropriate. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 40 of 296 Modularisation Qualification on basic subjects for each Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence category or subcategory should be in accordance with the following matrix where applicable subjects are indicated by an ‘X’: Subject modules A or B1 aeroplane with: A or B1 helicopter with: B2 B3 Turbine engine(s) Piston engine(s) Turbine engine(s) Piston engine(s) Avionics Piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes 2 000 kg MTOM and below 1 X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X 3 X X X X X X 4 X X X X X X 5 X X X X X X 6 X X X X X X 7A X X X X X 7B X 8 X X X X X X 9A X X X X X 9B X 10 X X X X X X 11A X 11B X 11C X 12 X X 13 X 14 X 15 X X 16 X X X 17A X X 17B X AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 41 of 296 MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS MODULE 1. MATHEMATICS LEVEL A B1 B2 B3 1.1 Arithmetic Arithmetical terms and signs, methods of multiplication and division, fractions and decimals, factors and multiples, weights, measures and conversion factors, ratio and proportion, averages and percentages, areas and volumes, squares, cubes, square and cube roots. 1 2 2 2 1.2 Algebra (a) Evaluating simple algebraic expressions, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, use of brackets, simple algebraic fractions; (b) Linear equations and their solutions; Indices and powers, negative and fractional indices; Binary and other applicable numbering systems; Simultaneous equations and second degree equations with one unknown; Logarithms. 1 2 2 2 — 1 1 1 1.3 Geometry (a) Simple geometrical constructions; (b) Graphical representation; nature and uses of graphs, graphs of equations/functions; (c) Simple trigonometry; trigonometrical relationships, use of tables and rectangular and polar coordinates. — 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 — 2 2 2 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 42 of 296 MODULE 2. PHYSICS MODULE 2. PHYSICS LEVEL A B1 B2 B3 2.1 Matter Nature of matter: the chemical elements, structure of atoms, molecules; Chemical compounds; States: solid, liquid and gaseous; Changes between states. 1 1 1 1 2.2 Mechanics 2.2.1 Statics Forces, moments and couples, representation as vectors; Centre of gravity; Elements of theory of stress, strain and elasticity: tension, compression, shear and torsion; Nature and properties of solid, fluid and gas; Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers). 1 2 1 1 2.2.2 Kinetics Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line, motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity); Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/centripetal forces); Periodic motion: pendular movement; Simple theory of vibration, harmonics and resonance; Velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency. 1 2 1 1 2.2.3 Dynamics (a) Mass; Force, inertia, work, power, energy (potential, kinetic and total energy), heat, efficiency; (b) Momentum, conservation of momentum; Impulse; Gyroscopic principles; Friction: nature and effects, coefficient of friction (rolling resistance). 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2.2.4 Fluid dynamics (a) Specific gravity and density; (b) Viscosity, fluid resistance, effects of streamlining; Effects of compressibility on fluids; Static, dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli's Theorem, venturi. 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2.3 Thermodynamics (a) Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin; Heat definition; (b) Heat capacity, specific heat; 2 2 2 2 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 43 of 296 Heat transfer: convection, radiation and conduction; Volumetric expansion; First and second law of thermodynamics; Gases: ideal gases laws; specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure, work done by expanding gas; Isothermal, adiabatic expansion and compression, engine cycles, constant volume and constant pressure, refrigerators and heat pumps; Latent heats of fusion and evaporation, thermal energy, heat of combustion. — 2 2 1 2.4 Optics (Light) Nature of light; speed of light; Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces, reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction, lenses; Fibre optics. — 2 2 — 2.5 Wave Motion and Sound Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion, interference phenomena, standing waves; Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity, pitch and quality, Doppler effect. — 2 2 — AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 44 of 296 MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS LEVEL A B1 B2 B3 3.1 Electron Theory Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules, ions, compounds; Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators. 1 1 1 1 3.2 Static Electricity and Conduction Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges; Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion; Units of charge, Coulomb's Law; Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and a vacuum. 1 2 2 1 3.3 Electrical Terminology The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge, conventional current flow, electron flow. 1 2 2 1 3.4 Generation of Electricity Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion. 1 1 1 1 3.5 DC Sources of Electricity Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells; Cells connected in series and parallel; Internal resistance and its effect on a battery; Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples; Operation of photo-cells. 1 2 2 2 3.6 DC Circuits Ohms Law, Kirchoff's Voltage and Current Laws; Calculations using the above laws to find resistance, voltage and current; Significance of the internal resistance of a supply. — 2 2 1 3.7 Resistance/Resistor (a) Resistance and affecting factors; Specific resistance; Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage ratings; Resistors in series and parallel; Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and series parallel combinations; Operation and use of potentiometers and — 2 2 1 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 45 of 296 rheostats; Operation of Wheatstone Bridge; (b) Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance; Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction; Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors; Construction of potentiometers and rheostats; Construction of Wheatstone Bridge. — 1 1 — MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS LEVEL A B1 B2 B3 3.8 Power Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential); Dissipation of power by a resistor; Power formula; Calculations involving power, work and energy. — 2 2 1 3.9 Capacitance/Capacitor Operation and function of a capacitor; Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating; Capacitor types, construction and function; Capacitor colour coding; Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits; Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants; Testing of capacitors. — 2 2 1 3.10 Magnetism (a) Theory of magnetism; Properties of a magnet; Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth's magnetic field; Magnetisation and demagnetisation; Magnetic shielding; Various types of magnetic material; Electromagnets construction and principles of operation; Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor; (b) Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy currents; Precautions for care and storage of magnets. — 2 2 1 — 2 2 1 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSING CAR 66 - ISSUE 08 Page 46 of 296 3.11 Inductance/Inductor Faraday's Law; Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field; Induction principles; Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength, rate of change of flux, number of conductor turns; Mutual induction; The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has on induced voltage; Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other; Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules; Back emf, self induction; Saturation point; Principle uses of inductors. — 2 2 1 3.12 DC Motor/Generator Theory Basic motor and generator theory; Construction and purpose of components in DC generator; Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators; Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction of rotation of DC motors; Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors; Starter Generator construction. — 2 2 1 3.13 AC Theory Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle; Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values and calculations of these values, in relation to voltage, current and power; Triangular/Square waves; Single/3 phase principles. 1 2 2 1 3.14 Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits Phase relationship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series and series parallel; Power dissipation in L, C and R circuits; Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations; True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations. — 2 2 1 3.15 Transformers Transformer construction principles and operation; Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them; Transformer action under load and no-load conditions; Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings; Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents; Calculation of power in a three phase system; Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, — 2 2 1 AIRCRAFT MAI