Flight Manual

G E N E R A L FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 1-4 DESCRIPTIVE DATA WING Wing span: 9.4 m Wing chord 1.4 m Wing surface 13.2 m2 Wing loading 34.2 kg/m2 Aspect ratio 6.714 Taper ratio 1.0 Dihedral 1.5° FUSELAGE Overall length 6.5 m Overall width 1.1 m Overall height 2.5 m EMPENNAGE Stabilator span 2.9 m Vertical tail span 1.23 m LANDING GEAR Wheel track: 1.8 m Wheel base: 1.6 m Main gear tire. Air Trac Wheel hub and brake Marc Ingegno 5.00-5 Nose gear tire Sava 4.00-6 CONTROL SURFACES TRAVEL LIMITS Ailerons Up 20° down 15° ± 2° Stabilator Up 16° down 3° ± 1° Trim-Tab +2° +12°  1° Rudder RS 25° LS 25° ± 1° Flaps 0° - 35°  2° P92 Classic Deluxe G E N E R A L FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 1-5 ENGINE Model Rotax 912 UL Rotax 912 ULS Manufacturer: Bombardier-Rotax GmbH Bombardier-Rotax GmbH Engine type: Four cylinder horizontally- opposed twins with overall displacement of 1211.2 c.c., mixed cooling, (water- cooled heads and air- cooled cylinders), twin carburetors, integrated re- duction gear, (2.273:1) with torque damper. Com- pression ratio: 9.0:1. Four cylinder horizontally- opposed twins with overall displacement of 1352 c.c., mixed cooling, (water- cooled heads and air- cooled cylinders), twin carburetors, integrated re- duction gear, (2.4286:1) with torque damper. Com- pression ratio: 10.3:1. Maximum power: 80hp (59.6 kW ) at 5800 rpm - max 5 min. 100 hp (73.5 kW) at 5800 rpm - max 5 min. PROPELLER Propeller for 912 UL Propeller for 912 ULS Manufacturer: F.lli Tonini Giancarlo & Felice S.n.c. F.lli Tonini Giancarlo & Felice S.n.c. Model: GT-2/166/VSU-FW 101 SRTC GT-2/173/VRR-FW 101 SRTC Number of blades: 2 2 Diameter: 1660 mm 1730 mm Type: Fixed pitch - wood Fixed pitch - wood P92 Classic Deluxe G E N E R A L FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 1-6 FUEL Fuel grade: Rotax 912 UL Rotax 912 ULS  Min RON 90  EN 228 Regular  EN 228 Premium  EN 228 Premium plus  AVGAS 100 LL (*)  Min RON 95  EN 228 Premium  EN 228 Premium plus  AVGAS 100 LL (*) Fuel tanks: 2 wing tanks integrated within the wing's leading edge with drainage reservoir located in engine cowling Capacity of each wing tank 45 litres Total capacity 90 litres * See “Rotax Operator’s Manual” for more details. OIL Oil system: Forced, with external oil reservoir Oil: Lubricant specifications and grade are detailed into the “Rotax Operator’s Manual” and in its re- lated documents. Oil Capacity: Max. 3.0 liters – min. 2.0 litres COOLING Cooling system: Mixed air and liquid pressurized closed circuit system Coolant: Coolant type and specifications are detailed into the “Rotax Operator’s Manual” and in its related documents. P92 Classic Deluxe G E N E R A L FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 1-7 WEIGHTS Maximum takeoff: 450 kg Standard empty weight 289kg SPECIFIC LOADINGS Rotax 912 UL Rotax 912 ULS Wing Loading 34.2 kg/m2 34.2 kg/m2 Power Loading 5.5 kg/hp 4.5 kg/hp P92 Classic Deluxe G E N E R A L FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 1-8 ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY AND SYMBOLS CAS Calibrated Airspeed is indicated airspeed corrected for position and instrument error. IAS Indicated Airspeed: is the speed shown on the on-board airspeed in- dicator. TAS True Airspeed: is calibrated airspeed corrected for altitude and tem- perature. VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed: is the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended position. VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed: is the speed that should not be exceeded except in smooth air, then only with caution. VNE Never Exceed Speed: is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time. VS Stalling Speed. VS0 Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the air- plane is controllable in the landing configuration at the most forward center of gravity. VX Best Angle-of-Climb Speed is the speed which results in the greatest gain of altitude in a given horizontal distance. VY Best Rate-of-Climb Speed is the speed which results in the greatest gain in altitude in a given time. Vr Rotation speed: is the speed at which the aircraft rotates about the pitch axis during takeoff Vobs Obstacle speed: is the speed at which the aircraft flies over a 15m obstacle during takeoff or landing P92 Classic Deluxe G E N E R A L FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 1-9 METEOROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY OAT Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). TS Standard Temperature is 15°C at sea level pressure altitude and de- creased by 2°C for each 1000 ft of altitude. HP Pressure Altitude is the altitude read from an altimeter when the baro- metric subscale has been set to 1013 mb. ENGINE POWER TERMINOLOGY RPM Revolutions Per Minute: is the number of revolutions per minute of the engine’s crankshaft, divided by 2.273 (912UL) or 2.4286 (912S) yields propeller’s RPM. AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANNING TERMINOLOGY Crosswind Velocity is the velocity of the crosswind component for which adequate con- trol of the airplane during takeoff and landing was actually demon- strated. Usable fuel is the fuel available for flight planning. Unusable fuel is the quantity of fuel that cannot be safely used in flight. G is the acceleration of gravity. TOR is the takeoff distance measured from actual start to wheel liftoff point TOD is total takeoff distance measured from start to 15m obstacle clear- ing GR is the distance measured during landing from actual touchdown to stop point LD is the distance measured during landing, from 15m obstacle clear- ing to actual stop. S/R is specific range, that is, the distance (in nautical miles) which can be expected at a specific power setting and/or flight configuration per kilo of fuel consumed P92 Classic Deluxe G E N E R A L FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 1-10 WEIGHT AND BALANCE TERMINOLOGY Datum is an imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distances are measured for balance purposes. Arm is the horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of gravity (C. G.) of an item. Moment is the product of the weight of an item multiplied by its arm. C. G. Center of Gravity is the point at which the airplane, or equipment, would balance if suspended. Its distance from the reference datum is found by dividing the total moment by the total weight of the airplane. Standard Empty Weight is the weight of a standard airplane, including unusable fuel, full oper- ating fuels and full engine oil. Basic Empty Weight is the standard empty weight plus the weight of optional equipment. Useful Load is the difference between takeoff weight and the basic empty weight. Maximum Weight is the maximum weight of the aircraft. Maximum Takeoff Weight is the maximum weight approved for the start of the takeoff run. Maximum Landing Weight is the maximum weight approved for the landing touch down. Tare is the weight of chocks, blocks, stands, etc. used when weighing an airplane, and is included in the scale readings. Tare is deducted from the scale reading to obtain the actual (net) airplane weight. P92 Classic Deluxe G E N E R A L FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 1-11 UNIT CONVERSION FACTORS MULTIPLYING BY  YIELDS TEMPERATURE Fahrenheit [°F]   5 9 32   F Celsius [°C] Celsius [°C] 9 5 32         C Fahrenheit [°F] FORCES Kilograms [kg] 2.205 Pounds [lbs] Pounds [lbs] 0.4536 Kilograms [kg] SPEED Meters per second [m/s] 196.86 Feet per minute. [ft/min] Feet per minute [ft/min] 0.00508 Meters per second. [m/s] Knots [kts] 1.853 Kilometers / hour [km/h] Kilometers / hour [km/h] 0.5396 Knots [kts] PRESSURE Atmosphere [atm] 14.7 Pounds / sq. in [psi] Pounds / sq. in [psi] 0.068 Atmosphere [atm] LENGTH Kilometers [km] 0.5396 Nautical miles [nm] Nautical miles [nm] 1.853 Kilometers [km] Meters [m] 3.281 Feet [ft] Feet [ft] 0.3048 Meters [m] Centimeters [cm] 0.3937 Inches [in] Inches [in] 2.540 Centimeters [cm] VOLUME Liters [l] 0.2642 U.S. Gallons [US Gal] U.S. Gallons [US Gal] 3.785 Liters [l] AREA Square meters [m2] 10.76 Square feet [sq ft] Square feet [sq ft] 0.0929 Square meters [m2] P92 Classic Deluxe L I M I T A T I O N S FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 2-1 SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 2 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS ......................................................................................... 2 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS ....................................................................... 3 POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS .................................................................................. 4 PROPELLER .............................................................................................................. 5 POWERPLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS ............................................................. 6 OTHER INSTRUMENT MARKINGS .......................................................................... 7 WEIGHT LIMITS ........................................................................................................ 7 CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS ................................................................................. 7 APPROVED MANEUVERS ........................................................................................ 7 FUEL .......................................................................................................................... 8 P92 Classic Deluxe L I M I T A T I O N S FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 2-2 INTRODUCTION Section 2 includes operating limitations, instrument markings, and basic placards necessary for safe operation of the P92 CLASSIC DELUXE, their engines, standard systems and standard equipment. AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS Rotax 912 UL / ULS SPEED Km/h IAS REMARKS VNE Never exceed speed 260 Never exceed this speed in any operation. VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed 200 Never exceed this speed unless in smooth air, and then only with caution. VA Maneuvering speed 150 Do not make full or abrupt control move- ments above this speed as this may cause stress in excess of limit load factor VFE Maximum flap extended speed 110 Never exceed this speed for any given flap setting. P92 Classic Deluxe L I M I T A T I O N S FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 2-3 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS Airspeed indicator markings and their color code are explained in the following table: Rotax 912 UL / ULS MARKING IAS km/h SIGNIFICANCE White arc 71 – 110 Flap Operating Range (lower limit is VSO, at maximum weight and upper limit is maximum speed permissible with flaps extended at 35°) Green arc 110 – 200 Normal Operating Range (lower limit is VFE at maxi- mum weight and upper limit is maximum structural speed VNO). Yellow arc 200 – 260 Operations must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air. Red line 260 Maximum speed for all operations. P92 Classic Deluxe L I M I T A T I O N S FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 2-4 POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS The following table lists operating limitations for aircraft installed engine: ENGINE MANUFACTURER: Bombardier Rotax GmbH. ENGINE MODELS: 912 UL / 912 ULS MAXIMUM POWER: Max Power kW (hp) Max RPM 912UL 912 ULS 912UL 912 ULS Maximum (max. 5 minutes) 59.6 (80) 73.5 (100) 5800 5500 Maximum - continuous 58 (76) 69 (93) 5800 5500 TEMPERATURES: 912 UL 912 ULS Max. Cylinder Head Temperature (max. CHT) 150° C 135° C min. / Max. Oil temperature 50° - 140°C 50° - 130°C Oil normal operating temperature (approx.) 90° - 110° C OIL PRESSURE: 912 UL 912 ULS Minimum (below 3500 rpm eng.) 0.8 bar Normal (above 3500 rpm eng.) 2.0 – 5.0 bar CAUTION Admissible pressure for cold start is 7 bar maximum for short periods. P92 Classic Deluxe L I M I T A T I O N S FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 2-5 OIL VISCOSITY Use viscosity grade oil as specified in the following table: CAUTION Use of Aviation Grade Oil with or without additives is not permitted COOLANT: Coolant type and specifications are detailed into the “Rotax Operator’s Manual” PROPELLER PROPELLER FOR: Rotax 912 UL Rotax 912 ULS MANUFACTURER: F.lli Tonini Giancarlo & Felice F.lli Tonini Giancarlo & Felice MODEL: GT-2/166/VSU-FW 101 SRTC GT-2/173/VRR-FW 101 SRTC PROP. TYPE: Wood twin blade fixed pitch Wood twin blade fixed pitch DIAMETER: 1660 mm 1730 mm P92 Classic Deluxe L I M I T A T I O N S FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 2-6 POWERPLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS Powerplant instrument markings and their color code significance are shown below: Rotax 912 UL INSTRUMENT RED LINE Minimum limit GREEN ARC Normal operating YELLOW ARC Caution RED LINE Maximum limit Engine tachometer RPM -------- 1400-5500 5500-5800 5800 Oil Temp. °C 50 90-110 50 - 90 110-140 140 Cylinder heads temper- ature (CHT) °C -------- 75 - 150 -------- 150 Oil pressure bar 0.8 2.0 – 5.0 0.8 – 2.0 5.0 – 7.0 7.0 Rotax 912 ULS INSTRUMENT RED LINE Minimum limit GREEN ARC Normal operating YELLOW ARC Caution RED LINE Maximum limit Engine tachometer RPM -------- 1400-5500 5500-5800 5800 Oil Temp. °C 50 90-110 50 - 90 110-130 130 Cylinder heads temper- ature (CHT) °C -------- 75 - 135 -------- 135 Oil pressure bar 0.8 2.0 – 5.0 0.8 – 2.0 5.0 – 7.0 7.0 P92 Classic Deluxe L I M I T A T I O N S FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 2-7 OTHER INSTRUMENT MARKINGS INSTRUMENT RED LINE Minimum limit GREEN ARC Normal operating YELLOW ARC Caution RED LINE Maximum limit Voltmeter 10 Volt 12 - 14 Volt ------ ------ WEIGHT LIMITS Maximum takeoff weight: 450 kg CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS Forward limit 20% MAC Aft limit 33% MAC Datum Propeller support flange w/o spacer Bubble Level Cabin floor It is the pilot's responsibility to insure that airplane is properly loaded. APPROVED MANEUVERS This aircraft is è intended for non-aerobatic operation only. Non-aerobatic operation includes:  Any maneuver pertaining to “normal” flight  Stalls (except whip stalls)  Lazy eights  Chandelles  Turns in which the angle of bank is not more than 60° Acrobatic maneuvers, including spins, are not approved. P92 Classic Deluxe L I M I T A T I O N S FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 2-8 FUEL TWO TANKS: 45 litres TOTAL FUEL CAPACITY: 90 litres Rotax 912 UL - APPROVED FUELS  Min. RON 90  EN 228 Regular  EN 228 Premium  EN 228 Premium plus  AVGAS 100LL (refer to the “Rotax Operator’s Maunal”) Rotax 912 ULS - APPROVED FUELS  Min. RON 95  EN 228 Premium  EN 228 Premium plus  AVGAS 100LL (refer to the “Rotax Operator’s Maunal”) P92 Classic Deluxe EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 3-1 SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 2 ENGINE FAILURE .................................................................................................. 2 FORCED LANDING ............................................................................................... 3 SMOKE AND FIRE ................................................................................................. 3 RECOVERY FROM UNINTENTIONAL SPIN......................................................... 4 DEPLOYMENT OF EMERGENCY PARACHUTE (optional equipment) ............... 5 P92 Classic Deluxe EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 3-2 INTRODUCTION Section 3 includes checklists and detailed procedures to be used in the event of emer- gencies. Emergencies caused by a malfunction of the aircraft or engine are extremely rare if appropriate maintenance and pre-flight inspections are carried out. In case of emergency, suggestions presented in this section should be considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem. Before operating the aircraft, the pilot should become thoroughly familiar with the present manual and, in particular, with the present section. Further, a continued and appropriate training should be provided. ENGINE FAILURE Depending on the case that may apply, the emergency procedure should follow the guidelines listed below. ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF RUN 1. Throttle: idle (fully out) 2. Brakes: apply as needed 3. Magnetos: OFF 4. Flaps: retract 5. Master switch: OFF 6. Fuel shutoff valves: OFF ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF 1. Locate landing area 2. Throttle: idle (fully out) 3. Fuel shutoff valves: OFF 4. Magnetos OFF 5. Flaps: as needed 6. Master switch: OFF 7. Land with wings level P92 Classic Deluxe EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 3-3 FORCED LANDING EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 1. Set glide speed to optimal value of 110 Km/h 2. Select terrain area most suitable for emergency landing, possibly upwind 3. Fuel shutoff valves: OFF 4. Magnetos: OFF 5. Tighten safety belts, release door safety lock and unlatch doors 6. Flaps: as needed 7. When ready to land, Master switch: OFF POWER-ON FORCED LANDING 1. Adjust descent slope 2. Extend flaps as needed 3. Select terrain area most suitable for emergency landing and flyby checking for obstacles and wind direction 4. Tighten safety belts, release door safety lock and unlatch doors 5. Before touchdown: fuel shutoff valves OFF 6. Flaps: extended 7. After touchdown: Magnetos: OFF, Master switch: OFF SMOKE AND FIRE ENGINE FIRE WHILE PARKED OR DURING TAKEOFF 1. Fuel shutoff valves: OFF 2. Abort takeoff if possible 3. If engine is running let it use up remaining fuel in carburetors 4. Magnetos and Master switch: OFF 5. Warn bystanders to clear the area as fast as possible 6. Without removing the engine cowling use a CO2 or a powder fire extin- guisher to put out flames directing spray towards cowling's air intakes P92 Classic Deluxe EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 3-4 NOTE DO NOT USE WATER to put out fire and do not open engine cowling until absolutely certain fire is extinguished. In case an appropriate fire extinguisher is not handy, still keeping engine cowling closed, it is possi- ble to use a woolen blanket, sand or dirt to try smothering the fire. ENGINE COMPARTMENT FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Fuel shutoff valves: OFF 2. Throttle: fully inward 3. Magnetos: OFF 4. Do not try airstarting engine 5. Extend flaps as needed 6. Carry out forced landing emergency procedure 7. Master switch OFF CABIN FIRE DURING FLIGHT 1. Master switch OFF 2. Door vents: open 3. Extinguish fire with on-board fire extinguisher (if available) directing spray towards flame base 4. Land as soon as possible RECOVERY FROM UNINTENTIONAL SPIN In case of unintentional spin entry, follow the emergency procedure described below: 1. Adjust throttle to minimum (full outward position) 2. Activate rudder bar by pushing foot opposite spin direction 3. Push control stick full forward and keep in position until spin is halted 4. Center rudder bar 5. Gradually recover flight attitude easing back on the control stick avoiding to exceed VNE and maximum load factor 6. Readjust throttle to restore engine power P92 Classic Deluxe EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 3-5 DEPLOYMENT OF EMERGENCY PARACHUTE (optional equipment) Keeping in mind that full deployment of parachute is achieved after two seconds, the following procedure is recommended: 1. Try leveling aircraft as much as possible 2. Minimum altitude for successful deployment is about 33m (100 ft).1 3. Pull firing clip firmly and to end-travel 4. Shut off fuel valves, magnetos and master switch 5. Tighten safety belt and helmet chinstrap 6. Release door safety lock and unlatch doors 7. Assume tucked position before touch-down 1 This altitude is only representative,successful deployment depends on aircraft attitude and speed, greater deployment altitude yields better chances for successful deployment. P92 Classic Deluxe NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 4-1 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 2 RIGGING AND DERIGGING ENGINE COWLING .................................................. 2 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION ...................................................................................... 3 CHECKLISTS ............................................................................................................. 6 P92 Classic Deluxe NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 4-2 INTRODUCTION Section 4 contains checklists and amplified procedures for the conduct of normal opera- tion. RIGGING AND DERIGGING ENGINE COWLING UPPER COWLING: I. Parking brake ON. II. Fuel shutoff valves OFF. III. Master switch OFF, Magnetos OFF. IV. Unlatch all four butterfly Cam-locks mounted on the cowling by rotating them 90° counterclockwise while slightly pushing inwards. V. Remove engine cowling paying attention to propeller shaft passing through nose. VI. To assemble: rest cowling horizontal insuring proper fitting of nose base refer- ence pins. VII. Secure latches by applying light pressure, check for proper assembly and fasten Cam-locks. Butterfly Cam-locks are locked when tabs are horizontal and open when tabs are vertical. Verify tab is below latch upon closing. LOWER COWLING I. After disassembling upper cowling, bring propeller to horizontal position. II. Using a standard screwdriver, press and rotate 90° the two Cam-locks positioned on lower cowling by the firewall. III. Disconnect landing light wire IV. Pull out the first hinge pin positioned on the side of the firewall, then, while hold- ing cowling, pull out second hinge pin; remove cowling with downward motion. V. For installation follow reverse procedure. WARNING ! P92 Classic Deluxe NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 4-3 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Before each flight, it is necessary to carry out a complete inspection of the aircraft as hereby detailed. CABIN INSPECTION A Weight and balance: check if within limits B Safety belts used to lock controls: free C Flight controls: activate flight controls to insure unhindered movement of control rods and surfaces. D Parking brake: engage E Master switch: ON F Check generator switch is illuminated and ammeter is operational. G Flaps control: activate control to full extension checking end travel and instrument indication. H Trim control: activate control to full scale checking end travel and instrument indica- tion I Master switch: OFF J Fuel level: check level on the basis of flight plan EXTERNAL INSPECTION To carry out the external inspection it will be necessary to follow the checklist below with the station order outlined in fig. 4-1 A Left side tank cap: Check proper fastening. B Left fuel tank blow-out plug: check for obstructions C Remove protection cap and check pitot is unobstructed, do not blow inside vents, place protection cap inside aircraft. D Leading edge and wing skin: check integrity E Left aileron: check integrity and unhindered movement F Left flap and hinges: check integrity G Check integrity of left side main landing gear, tire inflation (1.6 bar), condition and alignment; check fuselage skin condition. P92 Classic Deluxe NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 4-4 H Horizontal tail and tab: check integrity and unhindered movement. I Vertical tail and rudder: check integrity and unhindered movement. L Check integrity of right side main landing gear, tire pressure (1.6 bar), condition and alignment; check fuselage skin condition. M Right flap and hinges: check integrity. N Right aileron: check integrity and unhindered movement. O Leading edge and wing skin: check integrity P Check right side tank cap is fastened and blow-out plug is unobstructed. Q Check right side static vent is unobstructed, do not blow inside vents (read note). R Check integrity of nose landing gear strut, tire inflation (1.0 bar) and condition; check condition of rubber shock absorbers. S Propeller and spinner condition: check for nicks and fastening. T Open engine cowling and perform the following checklist: I. Check no foreign objects are present. II. Check the cooling circuit for losses from tubing, check coolant reservoir lev- el, insure radiator honeycomb cooling fins are unobstructed. III. Check lubrication circuit for losses from tubing, check oil reservoir level, in- sure radiator honeycomb cooling fins are unobstructed IV. Open both fuel taps, inspect fuel circuit for losses from tubing, check integri- ty of fireproof protection braids, drain circuit using a container to collect fuel activating the specific drainage tap located on the firewall, shut fuel taps. Check for absence of water or other contaminants. Drainage operation must be carried out with aircraft parked on level surface. V. Check integrity of silent-blocks. VI. Check firmness and integrity of air intake system, check externally that ram air intake is unobstructed. VII. Check that all parts are secure or safetied. U Close engine cowling. V Check left side static port is unobstructed WARNING ! P92 Classic Deluxe NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 4-5 Z Remove tow bar and chocks NOTE Avoid blowing inside left strut mounted pitot and inside airspeed indicator sys- tem's static vents as this may damage instruments. FIG. 4-1 P92 Classic Deluxe NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 4-6 CHECKLISTS BEFORE STARTING ENGINE (after preflight inspection) I. Flight planning, fuel consumption, refueling. II. Aircraft loading and related inspections (see section 6) III. Seat and safety belts adjustment IV. Doors secured V. Parking brake ON. STARTING ENGINE I. Master switch ON. II. Both fuel taps ON. III. Engine throttle to idle. IV. Choke as needed. V. Magnetos switch to ON. VI. Prop area: free VII. Ignition key set to: START. VIII. Engine RPM: 2000 - 2500 RPM IX. Choke OFF X. Check engine instruments XI. Check oil pressure rise (maximum value cold 7 bar) BEFORE TAXING I. Radio and utilities ON. II. Altimeter: reset. III. Navigation lights: as required TAXING I. Brakes: check operation II. Flight instruments: check operation P92 Classic Deluxe NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 4-7 HOLDING I. Parking brake ON. II. Turn on navigation lights, strobe light, and landing light (optional equip- ment) III. Check engine parameters. 912 UL 912 ULS Oil temperature 50° - 110° C Max. Cylinder Heads Temperature 150° C 135° C Oil pressure 2.0 – 5.0 bar IV. Check ammeter to insure alternator is charging. V. Engine’s rpm at 4000 RPM and test magnetos. VI. Visual check of fuel indicators. VII. Flaps at 15° (takeoff) VIII. Stick free and zero trim IX. Seat belts fastened and doors secured. TAKEOFF AND CLIMB I. Control Tower for takeoff II. Check for clear final and wind on runway. III. Parking brake OFF, full throttle. IV. Carburetor heat: OFF V. Taxi to line-up VI. Rotation and takeoff VII. Slight braking to stop wheel spinning. VIII. Flaps retracted IX. Landing light OFF. X. Trim adjustment XI. Establish climb rate P92 Classic Deluxe NORMAL PROCEDURES FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 4-8 CRUISE I. Reach cruising altitude II. Set power and engine rpm's for cruise. III. Check engine parameters 912 UL 912 ULS Oil temperature 90° - 110° C Temperature cylinder heads < 135° C Oil pressure 2.0 – 5.0 bar IV. Carburetor heat as needed, see paragraph on carb heat in Section 3. NOTE Compensate unpredicted asymmetrical fuel consumption between left and right fuel tanks by shutting off appropriate fuel tap located inside cabin LANDING I. Turn on landing light (if installed) II. Check runway final and establish descent and approach to final. III. Extend flaps gradually to maximum deflection of 35°. IV. Optimal touchdown speed 70 Km/h V. Land and taxi. VI. Flaps to 0°. VII. Parking brake ON. VIII. Turn off landing light, navigation lights and strobe light. ENGINE SHUT DOWN I. Keep engine running at 3000 RPM for about two minutes in order to reduce latent heat. II. Turn off all electrical utilities III. Set magnetos switch and Master switch to OFF IV. Set both fuel taps to OFF. V. Insert hood over pitot tube on left side wing strut. P92 Classic Deluxe P E R F O R M A N C E FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 5-1 SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 2 AIRSPEED CALIBRATION............................................................... 3 STALL SPEEDS ................................................................................. 3 CROSSWIND ..................................................................................... 4 TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE ............................................................ 5 LANDING .......................................................................................... 6 CLIMB PERFORMANCE ................................................................. 7 CRUISE ............................................................................................. 8 CONSEQUENCES FROM RAIN AND INSECT ............................... 8 P92 Classic Deluxe P E R F O R M A N C E FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 5-2 INTRODUCTION This section provides all necessary data for accurate and comprehensive planning of flight activity from takeoff to landing. Data reported in graphs and/or tables were determined using:  aircraft and engine in good condition  average piloting techniques Each graph or table was determined according to ICAO Standard Atmos- phere (ISA - m.s.l.); evaluations of the impact on performance was carried out by theoretical means for:  airspeed  external temperature  altitude  weight P92 Classic Deluxe P E R F O R M A N C E FLIGHT MANUAL 1st edition – 23th March 2009 Doc. n° 92-13-030-00 5-3 AIRSPEED CALIBRATION The difference between indicated airspeed and calibrated airspeed is within JAR-VLA limits of  3% for all speeds above 1.3 Vs. STALL SPEEDS CONDITIONS: - weight 450 kg - engine idle - no ground effect LATERAL BANKING 0° 30° 45° 60° FLAPS IAS Km/h IAS Km/h IAS Km/h IAS Km/h 0° 74 78 84 101 15° 69 76 79 97 35° 64 69 76 91