14 CFR Part 125 — Certification and Operations: Aircraft Having a Seating Capacity of 20 or More Passengers or a Maximum Payload Capacity of 6,000 Pounds or More; and Rules Governing Persons on Board Such Aircraft

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 125

125.291 Pilot in command: Instrument pro- Subpart F—Instrument and Equipment ficiency check requirements.

Requirements 125.293 Crewmember: Tests and checks, 125.201 Inoperable instruments and equip- grace provisions, accepted standards.

ment. 125.295 Check airman authorization: Appli- 125.203 Communication and navigation cation and issue.

equipment. 125.296 Training, testing, and checking con- 125.204 Portable electronic devices. ducted by training centers: Special rules.

125.205 Equipment requirements: Airplanes 125.297 Approval of flight simulators and under IFR. flight training devices.

125.206 Pitot heat indication systems.

125.207 Emergency equipment requirements. Subpart J—Flight Operations 125.209 Emergency equipment: Extended 125.311 Flight crewmembers at controls.

overwater operations.

125.313 Manipulation of controls when car- 125.211 Seat and safety belts.

rying passengers.

125.213 Miscellaneous equipment.

125.315 Admission to flight deck.

125.215 Operating information required.

125.317 Inspector’s credentials: Admission to 125.217 Passenger information.

pilots’ compartment: Forward observer’s 125.219 Oxygen and portable oxygen con- seat.

centrators for medical use by passengers.

125.319 Emergencies.

125.221 Icing conditions: Operating limita- 125.321 Reporting potentially hazardous me- tions.

teorological conditions and irregularities 125.223 Airborne weather radar equipment of ground facilities or navigation aids.

requirements.

125.323 Reporting mechanical irregularities.

125.224 Collision Avoidance System.

125.325 Instrument approach procedures and 125.225 Flight data recorders.

IFR landing minimums.

125.226 Digital flight data recorders.

125.327 Briefing of passengers before flight.

125.227 Cockpit voice recorders.

125.328 Prohibition on crew interference.

125.228 Flight data recorders: filtered data.

125.329 Minimum altitudes for use of auto- pilot.

Subpart G—Maintenance 125.331 Carriage of persons without compli- 125.241 Applicability. ance with the passenger-carrying provi- 125.243 Certificate holder’s responsibilities. sions of this part.

125.245 Organization required to perform 125.333 Stowage of food, beverage, and pas- maintenance, preventive maintenance, senger service equipment during airplane and alteration. movement on the surface, takeoff, and 125.247 Inspection programs and mainte- landing.

nance.

125.248 [Reserved] Subpart K—Flight Release Rules 125.249 Maintenance manual requirements.

125.351 Flight release authority.

125.251 Required inspection personnel.

125.353 Facilities and services.

125.355 Airplane equipment.

Subpart H—Airman and Crewmember 125.357 Communication and navigation fa- Requirements cilities.

125.359 Flight release under VFR.

125.261 Airman: Limitations on use of serv- 125.361 Flight release under IFR or over- ices.

the-top.

125.263 Composition of flightcrew.

125.363 Flight release over water.

125.265 Flight engineer requirements.

125.365 Alternate airport for departure.

125.267 Flight navigator and long-range 125.367 Alternate airport for destination: navigation equipment.

IFR or over-the-top.

125.269 Flight attendants.

125.369 Alternate airport weather mini- 125.271 Emergency and emergency evacu- mums.

ation duties.

125.371 Continuing flight in unsafe condi- tions.

Subpart I—Flight Crewmember 125.373 Original flight release or amend- Requirements ment of flight release.

125.281 Pilot-in-command qualifications. 125.375 Fuel supply: Nonturbine and turbo- 125.283 Second-in-command qualifications. propeller-powered airplanes.

125.285 Pilot qualifications: Recent experi- 125.377 Fuel supply: Turbine-engine-powered ence. airplanes other than turbopropeller.

125.287 Initial and recurrent pilot testing 125.379 Landing weather minimums: IFR.

requirements. 125.381 Takeoff and landing weather mini- 125.289 Initial and recurrent flight attend- mums: IFR.

ant crewmember testing requirements. 125.383 Load manifest.

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.1 Subpart L—Records and Reports (b) The rules of this part do not apply to the operations of aircraft specified 125.401 Crewmember record.

in paragraph (a) of this section, when— 125.403 Flight release form.

(1) They are required to be operated 125.405 Disposition of load manifest, flight under part 121, 129, 135, or 137 of this release, and flight plans.

chapter; 125.407 Maintenance log: Airplanes.

125.409 Service difficulty reports. (2) They have been issued restricted, 125.411 Airworthiness release or mainte- limited, or provisional airworthiness nance record entry.

certificates, special flight permits, or experimental certificates; Subpart M—Continued Airworthiness and (3) They are being operated by a part Safety Improvements 125 certificate holder without carrying 125.501 Purpose and definition. passengers or cargo under part 91 for 125.503 [Reserved] training, ferrying, positioning, or 125.505 Repairs assessment for pressurized maintenance purposes; fuselages.

(4) They are being operated under 125.507 Fuel tank system inspection pro- part 91 of this chapter by an operator gram.

certificated to operate those aircraft 125.509 Flammability reduction means.

under the rules of part 121, 135, or 137 of A PPENDIX A TO P ART 125—A DDITIONAL E MER - this chapter, they are being operated GENCY E QUIPMENT A PPENDIX B TO P ART 125—C RITERIA FOR D EM - under the applicable rules of part 121 or ONSTRATION OF E MERGENCY EVACUATION 135 of this chapter by an applicant for P ROCEDURES U NDER § 125.189 a certificate under part 119 of this A PPENDIX C TO P ART 125—I CE P ROTECTION chapter or they are being operated by a A PPENDIX D TO P ART 125—A IRPLANE F LIGHT foreign air carrier or a foreign person R ECORDER S PECIFICATION engaged in common carriage solely A PPENDIX E TO P ART 125—A IRPLANE F LIGHT outside the United States under part 91 R ECORDER S PECIFICATIONS of this chapter; A UTHORITY : 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, (5) They are being operated under a 44701–44702, 44705, 44710–44711, 44713, 44716– deviation authority issued under § 125.3; 44717, 44722.

(6) They are being operated under S OURCE : Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, part 91, subpart K by a fractional 1980, unless otherwise noted.

owner as defined in § 91.1001 of this S PECIAL F EDERAL A VIATION R EGULATION chapter; or N O. 89 (7) They are being operated by a frac- tional ownership program manager as E DITORIAL N OTE : For the text of SFAR No.

defined in § 91.1001 of this chapter, for 89, see part 121 of this chapter.

training, ferrying, positioning, mainte- nance, or demonstration purposes S PECIAL F EDERAL A VIATION R EGULATION under part 91 of this chapter and with- N O. 97 out carrying passengers or cargo for compensation or hire except as per- E DITORIAL N OTE : For the text of SFAR No.

mitted for demonstration flights under 97, see part 91 of this chapter.

§ 91.501(b)(3) of this chapter.

(c) This part, except § 125.247, does Subpart A—General not apply to the operation of aircraft specified in paragraph (a) of this sec- § 125.1 Applicability.

tion when they are operated outside (a) Except as provided in paragraphs the United States by a person who is (b) through (d) of this section, this part not a citizen of the United States.

prescribes rules governing the oper- (d) The provisions of this part apply ations of U.S.-registered civil airplanes to each person on board an aircraft and powered-lift, when those aircraft being operated under this part, unless have a seating configuration of 20 or otherwise specified.

more passengers or a maximum pay- (e) This part also establishes require- load capacity of 6,000 pounds or more ments for operators to take actions to when common carriage is not involved.

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(c) The rules of this part which apply [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as to a certificate holder also apply to amended by Amdt. 125–4, 47 FR 44719, Oct. 12, any person who engages in any oper- 1982; Amdt. 125–5, 49 FR 34816, Sept. 4, 1984; ation governed by this part without an Amdt. 125–6, 51 FR 873, Jan. 8, 1986; Amdt.

125–9, 52 FR 20028, May 28, 1987; Amdt. 121–251, appropriate certificate and operations 60 FR 65937, Dec. 20, 1995; Amdt. 125–31, 64 FR specifications required by this part or a 1080, Jan. 7, 1999; Amdt. 125–44, 68 FR 54585, Letter of Deviation Authority issued Sept. 17, 2003; Amdt. 125–53, 72 FR 63412, Nov.

under § 125.3.

8, 2007; Docket FAA–2022–1563, Amdt. 125–74, 88 FR 48090, July 26, 2023] [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 125–1A, 46 FR 10903, Feb.

§ 125.3 Deviation authority. 5, 1981] (a) The Administrator may, upon § 125.7 Display of certificate.

consideration of the circumstances of a (a) The certificate holder must dis- particular operation, issue deviation play a true copy of the certificate in authority providing relief from speci- each of its aircraft.

fied sections of part 125. This deviation (b) Each operator holding a Letter of authority will be issued as a Letter of Deviation Authority issued under this Deviation Authority.

part must carry a true copy in each of (b) A Letter of Deviation Authority its airplanes.

may be terminated or amended at any time by the Administrator.

§ 125.9 Definitions.

(c) A request for deviation authority must be submitted to the responsible (a) For the purposes of this part, max- Flight Standards office, not less than imum payload capacity means: 60 days prior to the date of intended (1) For an airplane for which a max- operations. A request for deviation au- imum zero fuel weight is prescribed in thority must contain a complete state- FAA technical specifications, the max- ment of the circumstances and jus- imum zero fuel weight, less empty tification for the deviation requested. weight, less all justifiable airplane (d) After February 2, 2012, no devi- equipment, and less the operating load ation authority from the flight data re- (consisting of minimum flightcrew, corder requirements of this part will be foods and beverages and supplies and granted. Any previously issued devi- equipment related to foods and bev- ation from the flight data recorder re- erages, but not including disposable quirements of this part is no longer fuel or oil): valid.

(2) For all other airplanes, the max- imum certificated takeoff weight of an [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as airplane, less the empty weight, less all amended by Amdt. 125–13, 54 FR 39294, Sept.

justifiable airplane equipment, and less 25, 1989; Amdt. 125–56, 73 FR 73179, Dec. 2, the operating load (consisting of min- 2008; Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 125–68, 83 FR 9173, Mar. 5, 2018] imum fuel load, oil, and flightcrew).

The allowance for the weight of the § 125.5 Operating certificate and oper- crew, oil, and fuel is as follows: ations specifications required.

(i) Crew—200 pounds for each crew- member required under this chapter (a) After February 3, 1981, no person (ii) Oil—350 pounds.

may engage in operations governed by this part unless that person holds a (iii) Fuel—the minimum weight of certificate and operations specification fuel required under this chapter for a or appropriate deviation authority. flight between domestic points 174 nau- (b) Applicants who file an application tical miles apart under VFR weather before June 1, 1981 shall continue to op- conditions that does not involve ex- erate under the rules applicable to tended overwater operations.

their operations on February 2, 1981 (b) For the purposes of this part, until the application for an operating empty weight means the weight of the certificate required by this part has airframe, engines, propellers, and fixed been denied or the operating certificate equipment. Empty weight excludes the VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00339 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.11 weight of the crew and payload, but in- establish or has established its prin- cludes the weight of all fixed ballast, cipal operations base. The application unusable fuel supply, undrainable oil, must be submitted at least 60 days be- total quantity of engine coolant, and fore the date of intended operations.

total quantity of hydraulic fluid.

(b) Each application submitted under (c) For the purposes of this part, max- paragraph (a) of this section must con- imum zero fuel weight means the max- tain a signed statement showing the imum permissible weight of an air- following: plane with no disposable fuel or oil.

(1) The name and address of each di- The zero fuel weight figure may be rector and each officer or person em- found in either the airplane type cer- ployed or who will be employed in a tificate data sheet or the approved Air- management position described in plane Flight Manual, or both.

§ 125.25.

(d) For the purposes of this section, (2) A list of flight crewmembers with justifiable airplane equipment means any equipment necessary for the operation the type of airman certificate held, in- of the airplane. It does not include cluding ratings and certificate num- equipment or ballast specifically in- bers.

stalled, permanently or otherwise, for [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as the purpose of altering the empty amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt.

weight of an airplane to meet the max- 125–68, 83 FR 9173, Mar. 5, 2018] imum payload capacity.

§ 125.23 Rules applicable to operations § 125.11 Certificate eligibility and pro- subject to this part.

hibited operations.

Each person operating an aircraft in (a) No person is eligible for a certifi- operations under this part shall— cate or operations specifications under (a) While operating inside the United this part if the person holds the appro- priate operating certificate and/or op- States, comply with the applicable erations specifications necessary to rules in part 91 of this chapter; and conduct operations under part 121, 129 (b) While operating outside the or 135 of this chapter.

United States, comply with Annex 2, (b) No certificate holder may conduct Rules of the Air, to the Convention on any operation which results directly or International Civil Aviation or the reg- indirectly from any person’s holding ulations of any foreign country, which- out to the public to furnish transpor- ever applies, and with any rules of tation.

parts 61 and 91 of this chapter and this (c) No person holding operations part that are more restrictive than specifications under this part may op- that Annex or those regulations and erate or list on its operations specifica- that can be complied with without vio- tions any aircraft listed on any oper- lating that Annex or those regulations.

ations specifications or other required Annex 2 is incorporated by reference in aircraft listing under part 121, 129, or § 91.703(b) of this chapter.

135 of this chapter.

[Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 125–12, 54 FR 34331, Aug.

amended by Amdt. 125–9, 52 FR 20028, May 28, 18, 1989; Docket FAA–2022–1563, Amdt. 125–74, 1987] 88 FR 48090, July 26, 2023] Subpart B—Certification Rules and § 125.25 Management personnel re- Miscellaneous Requirements quired.

(a) Each applicant for a certificate § 125.21 Application for operating cer- tificate.

under this part must show that it has enough management personnel, includ- (a) Each applicant for the issuance of ing at least a director of operations, to an operating certificate must submit assure that its operations are con- an application in a form and manner ducted in accordance with the require- prescribed by the Administrator to the ments of this part.

responsible Flight Standards office in whose area the applicant proposes to (b) Each applicant shall— VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00340 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.29 (1) Set forth the duties, responsibil- (c) The provisions of this section do ities, and authority of each of its man- not prohibit a certificate holder from agement personnel in the general pol- knowingly employing or making a con- icy section of its manual; tractual arrangement which permits an (2) List in the manual the names and individual to act as an agent or rep- addresses of each of its management resentative of the certificate holder in personnel; any matter before the Federal Aviation Administration if the individual was (3) Designate a person as responsible employed by the certificate holder be- for the scheduling of inspections re- quired by the manual and for the up- fore October 21, 2011.

dating of the approved weight and bal- [Docket FAA–2008–1154, 76 FR 52235, Aug. 22, ance system on all airplanes.

2011] (c) Each certificate holder shall no- tify the responsible Flight Standards § 125.27 Issue of certificate.

office charged with the overall inspec- (a) An applicant for a certificate tion of the certificate holder of any under this subpart is entitled to a cer- change made in the assignment of per- tificate if the Administrator finds that sons to the listed positions within 10 the applicant is properly and ade- days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, quately equipped and able to conduct a and Federal holidays, of such change.

safe operation in accordance with the [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as requirements of this part and the oper- amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt.

ations specifications provided for in 125–68, 83 FR 9173, Mar. 5, 2018] this part.

(b) The Administrator may deny an § 125.26 Employment of former FAA application for a certificate under this employees.

subpart if the Administrator finds— (a) Except as specified in paragraph (1) That an operating certificate re- (c) of this section, no certificate holder quired under this part or part 121, 123, may knowingly employ or make a con- or 135 of this chapter previously issued tractual arrangement which permits an to the applicant was revoked; or individual to act as an agent or rep- (2) That a person who was employed resentative of the certificate holder in in a management position under § 125.25 any matter before the Federal Aviation of this part with (or has exercised con- Administration if the individual, in the trol with respect to) any certificate preceding 2 years— holder under part 121, 123, 125, or 135 of (1) Served as, or was directly respon- this chapter whose operating certifi- sible for the oversight of, a Flight cate has been revoked, will be em- Standards Service aviation safety in- ployed in any of those positions or a spector; and similar position with the applicant and (2) Had direct responsibility to in- that the person’s employment or con- spect, or oversee the inspection of, the trol contributed materially to the rea- operations of the certificate holder.

sons for revoking that certificate.

(b) For the purpose of this section, an individual shall be considered to be § 125.29 Duration of certificate.

acting as an agent or representative of (a) A certificate issued under this a certificate holder in a matter before part is effective until surrendered, sus- the agency if the individual makes any pended, or revoked.

written or oral communication on be- (b) The Administrator may suspend half of the certificate holder to the or revoke a certificate under section agency (or any of its officers or em- 609 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 ployees) in connection with a par- and the applicable procedures of part 13 ticular matter, whether or not involv- of this chapter for any cause that, at ing a specific party and without regard the time of suspension or revocation, to whether the individual has partici- would have been grounds for denying pated in, or had responsibility for, the an application for a certificate.

particular matter while serving as a Flight Standards Service aviation safe- (c) If the Administrator suspends or ty inspector. revokes a certificate or it is otherwise VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00341 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.31 terminated, the holder of that certifi- Administrator and be submitted to the cate shall return it to the Adminis- responsible Flight Standards office trator. charged with the overall inspection of the certificate holder.

§ 125.31 Contents of certificate and op- (c) Within 30 days after a notice of re- erations specifications.

fusal to approve a holder’s application (a) Each certificate issued under this for amendment is received, the holder part contains the following: may petition the Executive Director, (1) The holder’s name.

Flight Standards Service, to reconsider (2) A description of the operations the refusal to amend.

authorized.

(d) When the responsible Flight (3) The date it is issued.

Standards office charged with the over- (b) The operations specifications all inspection of the certificate holder issued under this part contain the fol- amends operations specifications, the lowing: responsible Flight Standards office (1) The kinds of operations author- gives notice in writing to the holder of ized.

a proposed amendment to the oper- (2) The types and registration num- ations specifications, fixing a period of bers of airplanes authorized for use.

not less than 7 days within which the (3) Approval of the provisions of the holder may submit written informa- operator’s manual relating to airplane tion, views, and arguments concerning inspections, together with necessary the proposed amendment. After consid- conditions and limitations.

eration of all relevant matter pre- (4) Registration numbers of airplanes sented, the responsible Flight Stand- that are to be inspected under an ap- ards office notifies the holder of any proved airplane inspection program amendment adopted, or a rescission of under § 125.247.

the notice. That amendment becomes (5) Procedures for control of weight effective not less than 30 days after the and balance of airplanes.

holder receives notice of the adoption (6) Any other item that the Adminis- of the amendment, unless the holder trator determines is necessary to cover petitions the Executive Director, a particular situation.

Flight Standards Service, for reconsid- eration of the amendment. In that § 125.33 Operations specifications not case, the effective date of the amend- a part of certificate.

ment is stayed pending a decision by Operations specifications are not a the Executive Director. If the Execu- part of an operating certificate.

tive Director finds there is an emer- gency requiring immediate action as to § 125.35 Amendment of operations safety in air commerce that makes the specifications.

provisions of this paragraph impracti- (a) The responsible Flight Standards cable or contrary to the public inter- office charged with the overall inspec- est, the Executive Director notifies the tion of the certificate holder may certificate holder that the amendment amend any operations specifications is effective on the date of receipt, with- issued under this part if— out previous notice.

(1) It determines that safety in air commerce requires that amendment; or [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 125–13, 54 FR 39294, Sept.

(2) Upon application by the holder, 25, 1989; Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 125–68, the responsible Flight Standards office 83 FR 9173, 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] determines that safety in air com- merce allows that amendment.

§ 125.37 Duty period limitations.

(b) The certificate holder must file (a) Each flight crewmember and an application to amend operations flight attendant must be relieved from specifications at least 15 days before all duty for at least 8 consecutive the date proposed by the applicant for hours during any 24-hour period.

the amendment to become effective, unless a shorter filing period is ap- (b) The Administrator may specify proved. The application must be on a rest, flight time, and duty time limita- form and in a manner prescribed by the tions in the operations specifications VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00342 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.51 that are other than those specified in § 125.47 Change of address.

paragraph (a) of this section.

Each certificate holder shall notify [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as the responsible Flight Standards office amended by Amdt. 125–21, 59 FR 42993, Aug.

charged with the overall inspection of 19, 1994] its operations, in writing, at least 30 days in advance, of any change in the § 125.39 Carriage of narcotic drugs, address of its principal business office, marihuana, and depressant or stim- its principal operations base, or its ulant drugs or substances.

principal maintenance base.

If the holder of a certificate issued [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as under this part permits any airplane amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt.

owned or leased by that holder to be 125–68, 83 FR 9173, Mar. 5, 2018] engaged in any operation that the cer- tificate holder knows to be in violation § 125.49 Airport requirements.

of § 91.19(a) of this chapter, that oper- ation is a basis for suspending or re- (a) No certificate holder may use any voking the certificate. airport unless it is adequate for the proposed operation, considering such [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as items as size, surface, obstructions, amended by Amdt. 125–12, 54 FR 34331, Aug.

and lighting.

18, 1989] (b) No pilot of an airplane carrying passengers at night may take off from, § 125.41 Availability of certificate and operations specifications. or land on, an airport unless— (1) That pilot has determined the Each certificate holder shall make wind direction from an illuminated its operating certificate and operations wind direction indicator or local specifications available for inspection ground communications, or, in the case by the Administrator at its principal of takeoff, that pilot’s personal obser- operations base.

vations; and § 125.43 Use of operations specifica- (2) The limits of the area to be used tions.

for landing or takeoff are clearly shown by boundary or runway marker (a) Each certificate holder shall keep lights.

each of its employees informed of the (c) For the purposes of paragraph (b) provisions of its operations specifica- of this section, if the area to be used tions that apply to the employee’s du- for takeoff or landing is marked by ties and responsibilities.

flare pots or lanterns, their use must (b) Each certificate holder shall be approved by the Administrator.

maintain a complete and separate set of its operations specifications. In ad- § 125.51 En route navigation facilities.

dition, each certificate holder shall in- sert pertinent excerpts of its oper- (a) Except as provided in paragraph ations specifications, or reference (b) of this section, no certificate holder thereto, in its manual in such a man- may conduct any operation over a ner that they retain their identity as route (including to any destination, re- operations specifications. fueling or alternate airports) unless suitable navigation aids are available § 125.45 Inspection authority.

over the route to navigate the airplane along the route within the degree of ac- Each certificate holder shall allow curacy required for ATC. Navigation the Administrator, at any time or aids required for routes outside of con- place, to make any inspections or tests trolled airspace are listed in the cer- to determine its compliance with the tificate holder’s operations specifica- Federal Aviation Act of 1958, the Fed- tions except for those aids required for eral Aviation Regulations, its oper- routes to alternate airports.

ating certificate and operations speci- (b) Navigation aids are not required fications, its letter of deviation author- for any of the following operations— ity, or its eligibililty to continue to hold its certificate or its letter of devi- (1) Day VFR operations that the cer- ation authority. tificate holder shows can be conducted VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00343 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.53 safely by pilotage because of the char- limited size of the operation, all or acteristics of the terrain; part of the manual is not necessary for (2) Night VFR operations on routes guidance of flight, ground, or mainte- that the certificate holder shows have nance personnel.

reliably lighted landmarks adequate (b) Each certificate holder shall for safe operations; and maintain at least one copy of the man- (3) Other operations approved by the ual at its principal operations base.

responsible Flight Standards office.

(c) The manual must not be contrary to any applicable Federal regulations, [Docket FAA–2002–14002, 72 FR 31682, June 7, foreign regulation applicable to the 2007, as amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 125–68, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] certificate holder’s operations in for- eign countries, or the certificate hold- § 125.53 Flight locating requirements.

er’s operating certificate or operations (a) Each certificate holder must have specifications.

procedures established for locating (d) A copy of the manual, or appro- each flight for which an FAA flight priate portions of the manual (and plan is not filed that— changes and additions) shall be made (1) Provide the certificate holder available to maintenance and ground with at least the information required operations personnel by the certificate to be included in a VFR flight plan; holder and furnished to— (2) Provide for timely notification of (1) Its flight crewmembers; and an FAA facility or search and rescue (2) The responsible Flight Standards facility, if an airplane is overdue or office charged with the overall inspec- missing; and tion of its operations.

(3) Provide the certificate holder (e) Each employee of the certificate with the location, date, and estimated holder to whom a manual or appro- time for reestablishing radio or tele- priate portions of it are furnished phone communications, if the flight under paragraph (d)(1) of this section will operate in an area where commu- shall keep it up to date with the nications cannot be maintained.

changes and additions furnished to (b) Flight locating information shall them.

be retained at the certificate holder’s (f) The information and instructions principal operations base, or at other contained in the manual must be dis- places designated by the certificate played clearly and be retrievable in the holder in the flight locating proce- English language.

dures, until the completion of the (g) If a certificate holder conducts flight.

airplane inspections or maintenance at (c) Each certificate holder shall fur- specified stations where it keeps the nish the representative of the Adminis- approved inspection program manual, trator assigned to it with a copy of its it is not required to carry the manual flight locating procedures and any aboard the airplane en route to those changes or additions, unless those pro- stations.

cedures are included in a manual re- quired under this part.

[Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 125–28, 62 FR 13257, Mar.

19, 1997; Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 125–68, Subpart C—Manual Requirements 83 FR 9173, Mar. 5, 2018; Docket FAA–2022– § 125.71 Preparation. 0912, Amdt. 125–73, 88 FR 34443, May 30, 2023] (a) Each certificate holder shall pre- § 125.73 Contents.

pare and keep current a manual setting Each manual accessed in paper for- forth the certificate holder’s proce- mat must display the date of last revi- dures and policies acceptable to the sion on each page. Each manual Administrator. This manual must be accessed in electronic format must dis- used by the certificate holder’s flight, play the date of last revision in a man- ground, and maintenance personnel in ner in which a person can immediately conducting its operations. However, ascertain it. The manual must include: the Administrator may authorize a de- viation from this paragraph if the Ad- (a) The name of each management ministrator finds that, because of the person who is authorized to act for the VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00344 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.75 certificate holder, the person’s as- cluding a list of the functions assigned signed area of responsibility, and the each category of required crew- person’s duties, responsibilities, and members in connection with an emer- authority; gency and emergency evacuation; (n) The approved airplane inspection (b) Procedures for ensuring compli- program; ance with airplane weight and balance (o) Procedures and instructions to limitations; enable personnel to recognize haz- (c) Copies of the certificate holder’s ardous materials, as defined in title 49 operations specifications or appro- CFR, and if these materials are to be priate extracted information, including carried, stored, or handled, procedures area of operations authorized, category and instructions for— and class of airplane authorized, crew (1) Accepting shipment of hazardous complements, and types of operations material required by title 49 CFR, to authorized; assure proper packaging, marking, la- (d) Procedures for complying with ac- beling, shipping documents, compat- cident notification requirements; ibility of articles, and instructions on (e) Procedures for ensuring that the their loading, storage, and handling; pilot in command knows that required (2) Notification and reporting haz- airworthiness inspections have been ardous material incidents as required made and that the airplane has been by title 49 CFR; and approved for return to service in com- (3) Notification of the pilot in com- pliance with applicable maintenance mand when there are hazardous mate- requirements; rials aboard, as required by title 49 (f) Procedures for reporting and re- CFR; cording mechanical irregularities that (p) Procedures for the evacuation of come to the attention of the pilot in persons who may need the assistance of command before, during, and after another person to move expeditiously completion of a flight; to an exit if an emergency occurs; (g) Procedures to be followed by the (q) The identity of each person who pilot in command for determining that will administer tests required by this mechanical irregularities or defects re- part, including the designation of the ported for previous flights have been tests authorized to be given by the per- corrected or that correction has been son; and deferred; (r) Other procedures and policy in- (h) Procedures to be followed by the structions regarding the certificate pilot in command to obtain mainte- holder’s operations that are issued by nance, preventive maintenance, and the certificate holder.

servicing of the airplane at a place where previous arrangements have not [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as been made by the operator, when the amended by Docket FAA–2022–0912, Amdt.

pilot is authorized to so act for the op- 125–73, 88 FR 34443, May 30, 2023] erator; § 125.75 Airplane flight manual.

(i) Procedures for the release for, or continuation of, flight if any item of (a) Each certificate holder shall keep equipment required for the particular a current approved Airplane Flight type of operation becomes inoperative Manual or approved equivalent for each or unserviceable en route; type airplane that it operates.

(j) Procedures for refueling airplanes, (b) Each certificate holder shall eliminating fuel contamination, pro- carry the approved Airplane Flight tecting from fire (including electro- Manual or the approved equivalent static protection), and supervising and aboard each airplane it operates. A cer- protecting passengers during refueling; tificate holder may elect to carry a (k) Procedures to be followed by the combination of the manuals required pilot in command in the briefing under by this section and § 125.71. If it so § 125.327; elects, the certificate holder may re- (l) Flight locating procedures, when vise the operating procedures sections applicable; and modify the presentation of per- (m) Procedures for ensuring compli- formance from the applicable Airplane ance with emergency procedures, in- Flight Manual if the revised operating VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00345 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.91 procedures and modified performance meets the requirements of §§ 125.113 data presentation are approved by the through 125.181.

Administrator. Any approved equiva- (b) If the Administrator determines lent must include the information re- that, for a particular model of airplane quired by § 38.23 of this chapter identi- used in cargo service, literal compli- fying compliance with the fuel effi- ance with any requirement under para- ciency requirements of part 38 of this graph (a) of this section would be ex- chapter. tremely difficult and that compliance would not contribute materially to the [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as objective sought, the Administrator amended by Docket FAA–2022–0241, Amdt.

may require compliance with only 125–75, 89 FR 12663, Feb. 16, 2024] those requirements that are necessary to accomplish the basic objectives of Subpart D—Airplane Requirements this part.

(c) This section does not apply to any § 125.91 Airplane requirements: Gen- airplane certificated under— eral.

(1) Part 4b of the Civil Air Regula- (a) No certificate holder may operate tions in effect after October 31, 1946; an airplane governed by this part un- (2) Part 25 of this chapter; or less it— (3) Special Civil Air Regulation 422, (1) Carries an appropriate current 422A, or 422B.

airworthiness certificate issued under this chapter; and § 125.113 Cabin interiors.

(2) Is in an airworthy condition and (a) Upon the first major overhaul of meets the applicable airworthiness re- an airplane cabin or refurbishing of the quirements of this chapter, including cabin interior, all materials in each those relating to identification and compartment used by the crew or pas- equipment.

sengers that do not meet the following (b) No person may operate an air- requirements must be replaced with plane unless the current empty weight materials that meet these require- and center of gravity are calculated ments: from the values established by actual (1) For an airplane for which the ap- weighing of the airplane within the plication for the type certificate was preceding 36 calendar months.

filed prior to May 1, 1972, § 25.853 in ef- (c) Paragraph (b) of this section does fect on April 30, 1972.

not apply to airplanes issued an origi- (2) For an airplane for which the ap- nal airworthiness certificate within the plication for the type certificate was preceding 36 calendar months.

filed on or after May 1, 1972, the mate- rials requirement under which the air- § 125.93 Airplane limitations.

plane was type certificated.

No certificate holder may operate a (b) Except as provided in paragraph land airplane (other than a DC–3, C–46, (a) of this section, each compartment CV–240, CV–340, CV–440, CV–580, CV–600, used by the crew or passengers must CV–640, or Martin 404) in an extended meet the following requirements: overwater operation unless it is certifi- (1) Materials must be at least flash cated or approved as adequate for resistant.

ditching under the ditching provisions (2) The wall and ceiling linings and of part 25 of this chapter.

the covering of upholstering, floors, and furnishings must be flame resist- Subpart E—Special Airworthiness ant.

Requirements (3) Each compartment where smok- ing is to be allowed must be equipped § 125.111 General.

with self-contained ash trays that are (a) Except as provided in paragraph completely removable and other com- (b) of this section, no certificate holder partments must be placarded against may use an airplane powered by air- smoking.

plane engines rated at more than 600 (4) Each receptacle for used towels, horsepower each for maximum contin- papers, and wastes must be of fire-re- uous operation unless that airplane sistant material and must have a cover VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00346 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.119 or other means of containing possible shielded, isolated, or otherwise pro- fires started in the receptacles. tected so that it cannot be damaged by (c) Thermal/acoustic insulation ma- movement of cargo in the compart- terials. For transport category air- ment and so that damage to or failure planes type certificated after January of the item would not create a fire haz- 1, 1958: ard in the compartment.

(1) For airplanes manufactured before (2) Cargo or baggage may not inter- September 2, 2005, when thermal/acous- fere with the functioning of the fire- tic insulation is installed in the fuse- protective features of the compart- lage as replacements after September ment.

2, 2005, the insulation must meet the (3) Materials used in the construction flame propagation requirements of of the compartments, including tie- § 25.856 of this chapter, effective Sep- down equipment, must be at least tember 2, 2003, if it is: flame resistant.

(i) of a blanket construction or (4) Each compartment must include (ii) Installed around air ducting.

provisions for safeguarding against (2) For airplanes manufactured after fires according to the classifications September 2, 2005, thermal/acoustic in- set forth in paragraphs (b) through (f) sulation materials installed in the fu- of this section.

selage must meet the flame propaga- (b) Class A. Cargo and baggage com- tion requirements of § 25.856 of this partments are classified in the ‘‘A’’ chapter, effective September 2, 2003.

category if a fire therein would be readily discernible to a member of the [Docket 19799, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 125–43, 68 FR 45084, July crew while at that crewmember’s sta- 31, 2003; Amdt. 125–50, 70 FR 77752, Dec. 30, tion, and all parts of the compartment 2005] are easily accessible in flight. There must be a hand fire extinguisher avail- § 125.115 Internal doors.

able for each Class A compartment.

In any case where internal doors are (c) Class B. Cargo and baggage com- equipped with louvres or other ven- partments are classified in the ‘‘B’’ tilating means, there must be a means category if enough access is provided convenient to the crew for closing the while in flight to enable a member of flow of air through the door when nec- the crew to effectively reach all of the essary.

compartment and its contents with a hand fire extinguisher and the com- § 125.117 Ventilation.

partment is so designed that, when the Each passenger or crew compartment access provisions are being used, no must be suitably ventilated. Carbon hazardous amount of smoke, flames, or monoxide concentration may not be extinguishing agent enters any com- more than one part in 20,000 parts of partment occupied by the crew or pas- air, and fuel fumes may not be present. sengers. Each Class B compartment In any case where partitions between must comply with the following: compartments have louvres or other (1) It must have a separate approved means allowing air to flow between smoke or fire detector system to give compartments, there must be a means warning at the pilot or flight engineer convenient to the crew for closing the station.

flow of air through the partitions when (2) There must be a hand-held fire ex- necessary. tinguisher available for the compart- ment.

§ 125.119 Fire precautions.

(3) It must be lined with fire-resist- (a) Each compartment must be de- ant material, except that additional signed so that, when used for storing service lining of flame-resistant mate- cargo or baggage, it meets the fol- rial may be used.

lowing requirements: (d) Class C. Cargo and baggage com- (1) No compartment may include con- partments are classified in the ‘‘C’’ cat- trols, wiring, lines, equipment, or ac- egory if they do not conform with the cessories that would upon damage or requirements for the ‘‘A’’, ‘‘B’’, ‘‘D’’, or failure, affect the safe operation of the ‘‘E’’ categories. Each Class C compart- airplane unless the item is adequately ment must comply with the following: VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00347 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.121 (1) It must have a separate approved the compartment and the controls for smoke or fire detector system to give that means must be accessible to the warning at the pilot or flight engineer flightcrew in the crew compartment.

station. (4) It must have a means to exclude (2) It must have an approved built-in hazardous quantities of smoke, flames, fire-extinguishing system controlled or noxious gases from entering the from the pilot or flight engineer sta- flightcrew compartment.

tion. (5) Required crew emergency exits (3) It must be designed to exclude must be accessible under all cargo hazardous quantities of smoke, flames, loading conditions.

or extinguishing agents from entering § 125.121 Proof of compliance with into any compartment occupied by the § 125.119.

crew or passengers.

Compliance with those provisions of (4) It must have ventilation and draft § 125.119 that refer to compartment ac- control so that the extinguishing agent cessibility, the entry of hazardous provided can control any fire that may quantities of smoke or extinguishing start in the compartment.

agent into compartment occupied by (5) It must be lined with fire-resist- the crew or passengers, and the dissipa- ant material, except that additional tion of the extinguishing agent in Class service lining of flame-resistant mate- ‘‘C’’ compartments must be shown by rial may be used.

tests in flight. During these tests it (e) Class D. Cargo and baggage com- must be shown that no inadvertent op- partments are classified in the ‘‘D’’ eration of smoke or fire detectors in category if they are so designed and other compartments within the air- constructed that a fire occurring there- plane would occur as a result of fire in will be completely confined without contained in any one compartment, ei- endangering the safety of the airplane ther during the time it is being extin- or the occupants. Each Class D com- guished, or thereafter, unless the extin- partment must comply with the fol- guishing system floods those compart- lowing: ments simultaneously.

(1) It must have a means to exclude hazardous quantities of smoke, flames, § 125.123 Propeller deicing fluid.

or noxious gases from entering any compartment occupied by the crew or If combustible fluid is used for pro- passengers. peller deicing, the certificate holder (2) Ventilation and drafts must be must comply with § 125.153.

controlled within each compartment so § 125.125 Pressure cross-feed arrange- that any fire likely to occur in the ments.

compartment will not progress beyond safe limits. (a) Pressure cross-feed lines may not (3) It must be completely lined with pass through parts of the airplane used fire-resistant material. for carrying persons or cargo unless (4) Consideration must be given to there is a means to allow crewmembers the effect of heat within the compart- to shut off the supply of fuel to these ment on adjacent critical parts of the lines or the lines are enclosed in a fuel airplane. and fume-proof enclosure that is venti- (f) Class E. On airplanes used for the lated and drained to the exterior of the carriage of cargo only, the cabin area airplane. However, such an enclosure may be classified as a Class ‘‘E’’ com- need not be used if those lines incor- partment. Each Class E compartment porate no fittings on or within the per- must comply with the following: sonnel or cargo areas and are suitably (1) It must be completely lined with routed or protected to prevent acci- fire-resistant material. dental damage.

(2) It must have a separate system of (b) Lines that can be isolated from an approved type smoke or fire detec- the rest of the fuel system by valves at tor to give warning at the pilot or each end must incorporate provisions flight engineer station. for relieving excessive pressures that (3) It must have a means to shut off may result from exposure of the iso- the ventilating air flow to or within lated line to high temperatures.

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index provisions in the ‘‘on’’ and ‘‘off’’ (a) Fuel tanks must be located in ac- positions; and cordance with § 125.153.

(3) Be supported so that loads result- (b) No part of the engine nacelle skin ing from its operation or from acceler- that lies immediately behind a major ated flight conditions are not trans- air outlet from the engine compart- mitted to the lines attached to the ment may be used as the wall of an in- tegral tank. valve.

(c) Fuel tanks must be isolated from (b) The closing of an oil shutoff personnel compartments by means of means must not prevent feathering the fume- and fuel-proof enclosures.

propeller, unless equivalent safety pro- visions are incorporated.

§ 125.129 Fuel system lines and fit- tings.

§ 125.139 Oil system drains.

(a) Fuel lines must be installed and Accessible drains incorporating ei- supported so as to prevent excessive vi- ther a manual or automatic means for bration and so as to be adequate to positive locking in the closed position withstand loads due to fuel pressure must be provided to allow safe drainage and accelerated flight conditions.

of the entire oil system.

(b) Lines connected to components of the airplane between which there may § 125.141 Engine breather lines.

be relative motion must incorporate provisions for flexibility.

(a) Engine breather lines must be so (c) Flexible connections in lines that arranged that condensed water vapor may be under pressure and subject to that may freeze and obstruct the line axial loading must use flexible hose as- cannot accumulate at any point.

semblies rather than hose clamp con- (b) Engine breathers must discharge nections.

in a location that does not constitute a (d) Flexible hoses must be of an ac- fire hazard in case foaming occurs and ceptable type or proven suitable for the so that oil emitted from the line does particular application.

not impinge upon the pilots’ wind- shield.

§ 125.131 Fuel lines and fittings in des- ignated fire zones. (c) Engine breathers may not dis- charge into the engine air induction Fuel lines and fittings in each des- system.

ignated fire zone must comply with § 125.157.

§ 125.143 Firewalls.

§ 125.133 Fuel valves.

Each engine, auxiliary power unit, fuel-burning heater, or other item of Each fuel valve must— (a) Comply with § 125.155; combusting equipment that is intended (b) Have positive stops or suitable for operation in flight must be isolated index provisions in the ‘‘on’’ and ‘‘off’’ from the rest of the airplane by means positions; and of firewalls or shrouds, or by other (c) Be supported so that loads result- equivalent means.

ing from its operation or from acceler- ated flight conditions are not trans- § 125.145 Firewall construction.

mitted to the lines connected to the Each firewall and shroud must— valve.

(a) Be so made that no hazardous quantity of air, fluids, or flame can § 125.135 Oil lines and fittings in des- ignated fire zones. pass from the engine compartment to other parts of the airplane; Oil lines and fittings in each des- (b) Have all openings in the firewall ignated fire zone must comply with or shroud sealed with close-fitting fire- § 125.157.

proof grommets, bushings, or firewall § 125.137 Oil valves.

fittings; (c) Be made of fireproof material; and (a) Each oil valve must— (1) Comply with § 125.155; (d) Be protected against corrosion.

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(a) Cowling must be made and sup- (a) Each engine must have a means ported so as to resist the vibration, in- for shutting off or otherwise pre- ertia, and air loads to which it may be venting hazardous amounts of fuel, oil, normally subjected.

deicer, and other flammable fluids (b) Provisions must be made to allow from flowing into, within, or through rapid and complete drainage of the any designated fire zone. However, cowling in normal ground and flight at- means need not be provided to shut off titudes. Drains must not discharge in flow in lines that are an integral part locations constituting a fire hazard.

of an engine.

Parts of the cowling that are subjected (b) The shutoff means must allow an to high temperatures because they are emergency operating sequence that is near exhaust system parts or because compatible with the emergency oper- of exhaust gas impingement must be ation of other equipment, such as made of fireproof material. Unless oth- feathering the propeller, to facilitate erwise specified in these regulations, rapid and effective control of fires.

all other parts of the cowling must be (c) Shutoff means must be located made of material that is at least fire outside of designated fire zones, unless resistant.

equivalent safety is provided, and it must be shown that no hazardous § 125.149 Engine accessory section dia- amount of flammable fluid will drain phragm.

into any designated fire zone after a Unless equivalent protection can be shutoff.

shown by other means, a diaphragm (d) Adequate provisions must be that complies with § 125.145 must be made to guard against inadvertent op- provided on air-cooled engines to iso- eration of the shutoff means and to late the engine power section and all make it possible for the crew to reopen parts of the exhaust system from the the shutoff means after it has been engine accessory compartment.

closed.

§ 125.151 Powerplant fire protection.

§ 125.157 Lines and fittings.

(a) Designated fire zones must be pro- (a) Each line, and its fittings, that is tected from fire by compliance with §§ 125.153 through 125.159. located in a designated fire zone, if it carries flammable fluids or gases under (b) Designated fire zones are— pressure, or is attached directly to the (1) Engine accessory sections; engine, or is subject to relative motion (2) Installations where no isolation is between components (except lines and provided between the engine and acces- fittings forming an integral part of the sory compartment; and engine), must be flexible and fire-re- (3) Areas that contain auxiliary sistant with fire-resistant, factory- power units, fuel-burning heaters, and fixed, detachable, or other approved other combustion equipment.

fire-resistant ends.

§ 125.153 Flammable fluids.

(b) Lines and fittings that are not subject to pressure or to relative mo- (a) No tanks or reservoirs that are a tion between components must be of part of a system containing flammable fire-resistant materials.

fluids or gases may be located in des- ignated fire zones, except where the § 125.159 Vent and drain lines.

fluid contained, the design of the sys- tem, the materials used in the tank, All vent and drain lines, and their the shutoff means, and the connec- fittings, that are located in a des- tions, lines, and controls provide equiv- ignated fire zone must, if they carry alent safety.

flammable fluids or gases, comply with (b) At least one-half inch of clear air- § 125.157, if the Administrator finds that space must be provided between any the rupture or breakage of any vent or tank or reservior and a firewall or drain line may result in a fire hazard.

shroud isolating a designated fire zone.

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(a) Unless the certificate holder Precautions must be taken to ensure shows that equivalent protection that the extinguishing agent con- against destruction of the airplane in tainers are installed in places where case of fire is provided by the use of reasonable temperatures can be main- fireproof materials in the nacelle and tained for effective use of the extin- other components that would be sub- guishing system.

jected to flame, fire-extinguishing sys- tems must be provided to serve all des- § 125.169 Fire-extinguishing system ignated fire zones.

materials.

(b) Materials in the fire-extin- (a) Except as provided in paragraph guishing system must not react chemi- (b) of this section, each component of a cally with the extinguishing agent so fire-extinguishing system that is in a as to be a hazard.

designated fire zone must be made of fireproof materials.

§ 125.163 Fire-extinguishing agents.

(b) Connections that are subject to Only methyl bromide, carbon dioxide, relative motion between components of or another agent that has been shown the airplane must be made of flexible to provide equivalent extinguishing ac- materials that are at least fire-resist- tion may be used as a fire-extin- ant and be located so as to minimize guishing agent. If methyl bromide or the probability of failure.

any other toxic extinguishing agent is used, provisions must be made to pre- § 125.171 Fire-detector systems.

vent harmful concentrations of fluid or Enough quick-acting fire detectors fluid vapors from entering any per- must be provided in each designated sonnel compartment either because of fire zone to assure the detection of any leakage during normal operation of the fire that may occur in that zone.

airplane or because of discharging the fire extinguisher on the ground or in § 125.173 Fire detectors.

flight when there is a defect in the ex- Fire detectors must be made and in- tinguishing system. If a methyl bro- stalled in a manner that assures their mide system is used, the containers ability to resist, without failure, all vi- must be charged with dry agent and bration, inertia, and other loads to sealed by the fire-extinguisher manu- which they may be normally subjected.

facturer or some other person using Fire detectors must be unaffected by satisfactory recharging equipment. If exposure to fumes, oil, water, or other carbon dioxide is used, it must not be fluids that may be present.

possible to discharge enough gas into the personnel compartments to create § 125.175 Protection of other airplane components against fire.

a danger of suffocating the occupants.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph § 125.165 Extinguishing agent con- (b) of this section, all airplane surfaces tainer pressure relief.

aft of the nacelles in the area of one Extinguishing agent containers must nacelle diameter on both sides of the be provided with a pressure relief to nacelle centerline must be made of ma- prevent bursting of the container be- terial that is at least fire resistant.

cause of excessive internal pressures.

(b) Paragraph (a) of this section does The discharge line from the relief con- not apply to tail surfaces lying behind nection must terminate outside the nacelles unless the dimensional con- airplane in a place convenient for in- figuration of the airplane is such that the tail surfaces could be affected read- spection on the ground. An indicator must be provided at the discharge end ily by heat, flames, or sparks ema- of the line to provide a visual indica- nating from a designated fire zone or from the engine from a designated fire tion when the container has dis- zone or from the engine compartment charged.

of any nacelle.

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tions of that structure.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (4) The bin must be attached to the (b) of this section, each airplane must seat tracks or to the floor structure of have a means of individually stopping the airplane, and its attachment must and restarting the rotation of any en- withstand the load factors and emer- gine in flight.

gency landing conditions applicable to (b) In the case of turbine engine in- the passenger seats of the airplane in stallations, a means of stopping rota- which the bin is installed, multiplied tion need be provided only if the Ad- by either the factor 1.15 or the seat at- ministrator finds that rotation could tachment factor specified for the air- jeopardize the safety of the airplane.

plane, whichever is greater, using the combined weight of the bin and the § 125.179 Fuel system independence.

maximum weight of cargo that may be (a) Each airplane fuel system must be carried in the bin.

arranged so that the failure of any one (5) The bin may not be installed in a component does not result in the irre- position that restricts access to or use coverable loss of power of more than of any required emergency exit, or of one engine.

the aisle in the passenger compart- (b) A separate fuel tank need not be ment.

provided for each engine if the certifi- (6) The bin must be fully enclosed cate holder shows that the fuel system and made of material that is at least incorporates features that provide flame-resistant.

equivalent safety.

(7) Suitable safeguards must be pro- vided within the bin to prevent the § 125.181 Induction system ice preven- cargo from shifting under emergency tion.

landing conditions.

A means for preventing the malfunc- (8) The bin may not be installed in a tioning of each engine due to ice accu- position that obscures any passenger’s mulation in the engine air induction view of the ‘‘seat belt’’ sign, ‘‘no smok- system must be provided for each air- ing’’ sign, or any required exit sign, un- plane.

less an auxiliary sign or other approved means for proper notification of the § 125.183 Carriage of cargo in pas- passenger is provided.

senger compartments.

(c) All cargo may be carried forward (a) Except as provided in paragraph of the foremost seated passengers and (b) or (c) of this section, no certificate carry-on baggage may be carried along- holder may carry cargo in the pas- side the foremost seated passengers if senger compartment of an airplane.

the cargo (including carry-on baggage) (b) Cargo may be carried aft of the is carried either in approved bins as foremost seated passengers if it is car- specified in paragraph (b) of this sec- ried in an approved cargo bin that tion or in accordance with the fol- meets the following requirements: lowing: (1) The bin must withstand the load (1) It is properly secured by a safety factors and emergency landing condi- belt or other tie down having enough tions applicable to the passenger seats strength to eliminate the possibility of of the airplane in which the bin is in- shifting under all normally anticipated stalled, multiplied by a factor of 1.15, flight and ground conditions.

using the combined weight of the bin (2) It is packaged or covered in a and the maximum weight of cargo that manner to avoid possible injury to pas- may be carried in the bin.

sengers.

(2) The maximum weight of cargo (3) It does not impose any load on that the bin is approved to carry and seats or the floor structure that ex- any instructions necessary to ensure ceeds the load limitation for those proper weight distribution within the components.

bin must be conspicuously marked on (4) Its location does not restrict ac- the bin. cess to or use of any required emer- (3) The bin may not impose any load gency or regular exit, or of the aisle in on the floor or other structure of the the passenger compartment.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00352 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.189 (5) Its location does not obscure any § 125.189 Demonstration of emergency passenger’s view of the ‘‘seat belt’’ evacuation procedures.

sign, ‘‘no smoking’’ sign, or required (a) Each certificate holder must exit sign, unless an auxiliary sign or show, by actual demonstration con- other approved means for proper notifi- ducted in accordance with paragraph cation of the passenger is provided.

(a) of appendix B of this part, that the emergency evacuation procedures for § 125.185 Carriage of cargo in cargo each type and model of airplane with a compartments.

seating of more than 44 passengers, When cargo is carried in cargo com- that is used in its passenger-carrying partments that are designed to require operations, allow the evacuation of the the physical entry of a crewmember to full seating capacity, including crew- extinguish any fire that may occur members, in 90 seconds or less, in each during flight, the cargo must be loaded of the following circumstances: so as to allow a crewmember to effec- (1) A demonstration must be con- tively reach all parts of the compart- ducted by the certificate holder upon ment with the contents of a hand-held the initial introduction of a type and fire extinguisher. model of airplane into passenger-car- rying operations. However, the dem- § 125.187 Landing gear: Aural warning onstration need not be repeated for any device.

airplane type or model that has the same number and type of exits, the (a) Except for airplanes that comply same cabin configuration, and the with the requirements of § 25.729 of this same emergency equipment as any chapter on or after January 6, 1992, other airplane used by the certificate each airplane must have a landing gear holder in successfully demonstrating aural warning device that functions emergency evacuation in compliance continuously under the following con- with this paragraph.

ditions: (2) A demonstration must be con- (1) For airplanes with an established ducted— approach wing-flap position, whenever (i) Upon increasing by more than 5 the wing flaps are extended beyond the percent the passenger seating capacity maximum certificated approach climb for which successful demonstration has configuration position in the Airplane been conducted; or Flight Manual and the landing gear is (ii) Upon a major change in the pas- not fully extended and locked.

senger cabin interior configuration (2) For airplanes without an estab- that will affect the emergency evacu- lished approach climb wing-flap posi- ation of passengers.

tion, whenever the wing flaps are ex- (b) If a certificate holder has con- tended beyond the position at which ducted a successful demonstration re- landing gear extension is normally per- quired by § 121.291(a) in the same type formed and the landing gear is not airplane as a part 121 or part 123 cer- fully extended and locked.

tificate holder, it need not conduct a (b) The warning system required by demonstration under this paragraph in paragraph (a) of this section— that type airplane to achieve certifi- (1) May not have a manual shutoff; cation under part 125.

(2) Must be in addition to the throt- (c) Each certificate holder operating tle-actuated device installed under the or proposing to operate one or more type certification airworthiness re- landplanes in extended overwater oper- quirements; and ations, or otherwise required to have (3) May utilize any part of the throt- certain equipment under § 125.209, must tle-actuated system including the show, by a simulated ditching con- aural warning device.

ducted in accordance with paragraph (c) The flap position sensing unit (b) of appendix B of this part, that it may be installed at any suitable place has the ability to efficiently carry out in the airplane.

its ditching procedures.

(d) If a certificate holder has con- [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as ducted a successful demonstration re- amended by Amdt. 125–16, 56 FR 63762, Dec. 5, 1991] quired by § 121.291(b) in the same type VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00353 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.201 airplane as a part 121 or part 123 cer- quired by the airworthiness require- tificate holder, it need not conduct a ments under which the airplane is type demonstration under this paragraph in certificated and which are essential for that type airplane to achieve certifi- safe operations under all operating cation under part 125.

conditions.

(2) Instruments and equipment re- Subpart F—Instrument and quired by an airworthiness directive to Equipment Requirements be in operable condition unless the air- worthiness directive provides other- § 125.201 Inoperable instruments and wise.

equipment.

(3) Instruments and equipment re- (a) No person may take off an air- quired for specific operations by this plane with inoperable instruments or part.

equipment installed unless the fol- (c) Notwithstanding paragraphs (b)(1) lowing conditions are met: and (b)(3) of this section, an airplane (1) An approved Minimum Equipment with inoperable instruments or equip- List exists for that airplane.

ment may be operated under a special (2) The responsible Flight Standards flight permit under §§ 21.197 and 21.199 office having certification responsi- of this chapter.

bility has issued the certificate holder operations specifications authorizing [Docket 25780, 56 FR 12310, Mar. 22, 1991, as amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt.

operations in accordance with an ap- 125–68, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] proved Minimum Equipment List. The flight crew shall have direct access at § 125.203 Communication and naviga- all times prior to flight to all of the in- tion equipment.

formation contained in the approved Minimum Equipment List through (a) Communication equipment—general.

printed or other means approved by the No person may operate an airplane un- Administrator in the certificate hold- less it has two-way radio communica- ers operations specifications. An ap- tion equipment able, at least in flight, proved Minimum Equipment List, as to transmit to, and receive from, ap- authorized by the operations specifica- propriate facilities 22 nautical miles tions, constitutes an approved change away.

to the type design without requiring (b) Navigation equipment for operations recertification.

over the top. No person may operate an (3) The approved Minimum Equip- airplane over the top unless it has ment List must: navigation equipment suitable for the (i) Be prepared in accordance with route to be flown.

the limitations specified in paragraph (c) Communication and navigation (b) of this section.

equipment for IFR or extended over-water (ii) Provide for the operation of the operations—General. Except as provided airplane with certain instruments and in paragraph (f) of this section, no per- equipment in an inoperable condition.

son may operate an airplane carrying (4) Records identifying the inoperable passengers under IFR or in extended instruments and equipment and the in- over-water operations unless— formation required by paragraph (1) The en route navigation aids nec- (a)(3)(ii) of this section must be avail- essary for navigating the airplane able to the pilot.

along the route (e.g., ATS routes, ar- (5) The airplane is operated under all rival and departure routes, and instru- applicable conditions and limitations ment approach procedures, including contained in the Minimum Equipment missed approach procedures if a missed List and the operations specifications approach routing is specified in the authorizing use of the Minimum Equip- procedure) are available and suitable ment List.

for use by the aircraft navigation sys- (b) The following instruments and tems required by this section; equipment may not be included in the Minimum Equipment List: (2) The airplane used in those oper- (1) Instruments and equipment that ations is equipped with at least the fol- are either specifically or otherwise re- lowing equipment— VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00354 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.205 (i) Except as provided in paragraph paragraph (c) of this section, installa- (d) of this section, two approved inde- tion and use of a single long-range pendent navigation systems suitable navigation system and a single long- for navigating the airplane along the range communication system for ex- route within the degree of accuracy re- tended over-water operations in certain geographic areas may be authorized by quired for ATC; the Administrator and approved in the (ii) One marker beacon receiver pro- certificate holder’s operations speci- viding visual and aural signals; fications. The following are among the (iii) One ILS receiver; operational factors the Administrator (iv) Two transmitters; may consider in granting an authoriza- (v) Two microphones; tion: (vi) Two headsets or one headset and (1) The ability of the flight crew to one speaker; and navigate the airplane along the route (vii) Two independent communica- to be flown within the degree of accu- tion systems, one of which must have racy required for ATC; two-way voice communication capa- (2) The length of the route being bility, capable of transmitting to, and flown; and receiving from, at least one appro- (3) The duration of the very high fre- priate facility from any place on the quency communications gap.

route to be flown; and (3) Any RNAV system used to meet [Docket FAA–2002–14002, 72 FR 31682, June 7, the navigation equipment require- 2007] ments of this section is authorized in § 125.204 Portable electronic devices.

the certificate holder’s operations specifications.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (d) Use of a single independent naviga- (b) of this section, no person may oper- tion system for operations under IFR—not ate, nor may any operator or pilot in for extended overwater operations. Not- command of an aircraft allow the oper- withstanding the requirements of para- ation of, any portable electronic device graph (c)(2)(i) of this section, the air- on any U.S.-registered civil aircraft op- plane may be equipped with a single erating under this part.

independent navigation system suit- (b) Paragraph (a) of this section does able for navigating the airplane along not apply to— the route to be flown within the degree (1) Portable voice recorders; of accuracy required for ATC if— (2) Hearing aids; (1) It can be shown that the airplane (3) Heart pacemakers; (4) Electric shavers; is equipped with at least one other (5) Portable oxygen concentrators independent navigation system suit- that comply with the requirements in able, in the event of loss of the naviga- § 125.219; or tion capability of the single inde- (6) Any other portable electronic de- pendent navigation system permitted vice that the Part 125 certificate holder by this paragraph at any point along has determined will not cause inter- the route, for proceeding safely to a ference with the navigation or commu- suitable airport and completing an in- nication system of the aircraft on strument approach; and which it is to be used.

(2) The airplane has sufficient fuel so (c) The determination required by that the flight may proceed safely to a paragraph (b)(6) of this section shall be suitable airport by use of the remain- made by that Part 125 certificate hold- ing navigation system, and complete er operating the particular device to be an instrument approach and land.

used.

(e) Use of VOR navigation equipment.

If VOR navigation equipment is re- [Docket FAA–1998–4954, 64 FR 1080, Jan. 7, quired by paragraph (c) or (d) of this 1999, as amended by Docket FAA–2014–0554, section, no person may operate an air- Amdt. 125–65, 81 FR 33118, May 24, 2016] plane unless it is equipped with at least § 125.205 Equipment requirements: one approved DME or a suitable RNAV Airplanes under IFR.

system.

(f) Extended over-water operations. No person may operate an airplane Notwithstanding the requirements of under IFR unless it has— VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00355 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.206 (a) A vertical speed indicator; § 125.206 Pitot heat indication systems.

(b) A free-air temperature indicator; (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) A heated pitot tube for each air- (b) of this section, after April 12, 1981, speed indicator; no person may operate a transport cat- (d) A power failure warning device or egory airplane equipped with a flight vacuum indicator to show the power instrument pitot heating system unless the airplane is equipped with an oper- available for gyroscopic instruments able pitot heat indication system that from each power source; complies with § 25.1326 of this chapter (e) An alternate source of static pres- in effect on April 12, 1978.

sure for the altimeter and the airspeed (b) A certificate holder may obtain and vertical speed indicators; an extension of the April 12, 1981, com- (f) At least two generators each of pliance date specified in paragraph (a) which is on a separate engine, or which of this section, but not beyond April 12, any combination of one-half of the 1983, from the Executive Director, total number are rated sufficiently to Flight Standards Service if the certifi- supply the electrical loads of all re- cate holder— quired instruments and equipment nec- (1) Shows that due to circumstances essary for safe emergency operation of beyond its control it cannot comply by the airplane; and the specified compliance date; and (g) Two independent sources of en- (2) Submits by the specified compli- ergy (with means of selecting either), ance date a schedule for compliance ac- ceptable to the Executive Director, in- of which at least one is an engine-driv- dicating that compliance will be en pump or generator, each of which is achieved at the earliest practicable able to drive all gyroscopic instru- date.

ments and installed so that failure of one instrument or source does not [Docket 18904, 46 FR 43806, Aug. 31, 1981, as interfere with the energy supply to the amended by Amdt. 125–13, 54 FR 39294, Sept.

25, 1989; Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 125–68, remaining instruments or the other en- 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] ergy source. For the purposes of this paragraph, each engine-driven source § 125.207 Emergency equipment re- of energy must be on a different en- quirements.

gine.

(a) No person may operate an air- (h) For the purposes of paragraph (f) plane having a seating capacity of 20 or of this section, a continuous inflight more passengers unless it is equipped electrical load includes one that draws with the following emergency equip- current continuously during flight, ment: such as radio equipment, electrically (1) One approved first aid kit for driven instruments, and lights, but treatment of injuries likely to occur in does not include occasional intermit- flight or in a minor accident, which tent loads. meets the following specifications and requirements: (i) An airspeed indicating system (i) Each first aid kit must be dust with heated pitot tube or equivalent and moisture proof and contain only means for preventing malfunctioning materials that either meet Federal due to icing.

Specifications GGK–391a, as revised, or (j) A sensitive altimeter.

as approved by the Administrator.

(k) Instrument lights providing (ii) Required first aid kits must be enough light to make each required in- readily accessible to the cabin flight strument, switch, or similar instru- attendants.

ment easily readable and installed so (iii) Except as provided in paragraph that the direct rays are shielded from (a)(1)(iv) of this section, at time of the flight crewmembers’ eyes and that takeoff, each first aid kit must contain no objectionable reflections are visible at least the following or other contents to them. There must be a means of con- approved by the Administrator: trolling the intensity of illumination Contents Quantity unless it is shown that nondimming in- strument lights are satisfactory.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00356 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.209 Contents Quantity (2) Two megaphones in the passenger cabin on each airplane with a seating capacity of more than 99 and less than 200 passengers, one installed at the for- Triangular bandage compressors, 40 in ............... 5 ward end and the other at the most rearward location where it would be readily accessible to a normal flight attendant seat.

(3) Three megaphones in the pas- Protective latex gloves or equivalent nonper- senger cabin on each airplane with a seating capacity of more than 199 pas- sengers, one installed at the forward Pair.

end, one installed at the most rearward (iv) Protective latex gloves or equiv- location where it would be readily ac- alent nonpermeable gloves may be cessible to a normal flight attendant placed in the first aid kit or in a loca- seat, and one installed in a readily ac- tion that is readily accessible to crew- cessible location in the mid-section of members.

the airplane.

(2) A crash axe carried so as to be ac- [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as cessible to the crew but inaccessible to amended by Amdt. 125–19, 59 FR 1781, Jan. 12, passengers during normal operations.

1994; Amdt. 125–22, 59 FR 52643, Oct. 18, 1994; (3) Signs that meet the following re- 59 FR 55208, Nov. 4, 1994; Docket FAA–2024– quirements: 2052, Amdt. 125–76, 89 FR 68100, Aug. 23, 2024] (i) Signs that are visible to all occu- pants to notify them when safety belts § 125.209 Emergency equipment: Ex- tended overwater operations.

should be fastened. These signs must be so constructed that they can be turned (a) No person may operate an air- on and off by a crewmember. They plane in extended overwater operations must be turned on for each takeoff and unless it carries, installed in conspicu- each landing and when otherwise con- ously marked locations easily acces- sidered to be necessary by the pilot in sible to the occupants if a ditching oc- command.

curs, the following equipment: (ii) Signs that are visible to all occu- (1) An approved life preserver pants to notify them when smoking is equipped with an approved survivor lo- prohibited. These signs must be turned cator light, or an approved flotation on for each takeoff and each landing means, for each occupant of the air- and when otherwise considered to be craft. The life preserver or other flota- necessary by the pilot in command.

tion means must be easily accessible to (4) The additional emergency equip- each seated occupant. If a flotation ment specified in appendix A of this means other than a life preserver is part.

used, it must be readily removable (b) Megaphones. Each passenger-car- from the airplane.

rying airplane must have a portable (2) Enough approved life rafts (with battery-powered megaphone or mega- proper buoyancy) to carry all occu- phones readily accessible to the crew- pants of the airplane, and at least the members assigned to direct emergency following equipment for each raft evacuation, installed as follows: clearly marked for easy identifica- (1) One megaphone on each airplane tion— with a seating capacity of more than 60 (i) One canopy (for sail, sunshade, or and less than 100 passengers, at the rain catcher); most rearward location in the pas- (ii) One radar reflector (or similar de- senger cabin where it would be readily vice); accessible to a normal flight attendant (iii) One life raft repair kit; seat. However, the Administrator may (iv) One bailing bucket; grant a deviation from the require- (v) One signaling mirror; ments of this paragraph if the Adminis- (vi) One police whistle; trator finds that a different location (vii) One raft knife; would be more useful for evacuation of (viii) One CO bottle for emergency persons during an emergency. inflation; VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00357 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.211 (ix) One inflation pump; airplane who is at least 2 years old, ex- (x) Two oars; cept that two persons occupying a (xi) One 75-foot retaining line; berth may share one approved safety (xii) One magnetic compass; belt and two persons occupying a mul- (xiii) One dye marker; tiple lounge or divan seat may share (xiv) One flashlight having at least one approved safety belt during en two size ‘‘D’’ cells or equivalent; route flight only.

(xv) At least one approved pyro- (b) Except as provided in paragraphs technic signaling device; (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section, each (xvi) A 2-day supply of emergency person on board an airplane operated food rations supplying at least 1,000 under this part shall occupy an ap- calories a day for each person; proved seat or berth with a separate (xvii) One sea water desalting kit for safety belt properly secured about him each two persons that raft is rated to or her during movement on the surface, carry, or two pints of water for each takeoff, and landing. A safety belt pro- person the raft is rated to carry; vided for the occupant of a seat may (xviii) One fishing kit; and not be used for more than one person (xix) One book on survival appro- who has reached his or her second priate for the area in which the air- birthday. Notwithstanding the pre- plane is operated.

ceding requirements, a child may: (b) No person may operate an air- (1) Be held by an adult who is occu- plane in extended overwater operations pying an approved seat or berth, pro- unless there is attached to one of the vided the child has not reached his or life rafts required by paragraph (a) of her second birthday and the child does this section, an approved survival type not occupy or use any restraining de- emergency locator transmitter. Bat- vice; or teries used in this transmitter must be (2) Notwithstanding any other re- replaced (or recharged, if the batteries quirement of this chapter, occupy an are rechargeable) when the transmitter approved child restraint system fur- has been in use for more than one cu- nished by the certificate holder or one mulative hour, or, when 50 percent of of the persons described in paragraph their useful life (or for rechargeable (b)(2)(i) of this section, provided: batteries, 50 percent of their useful life (i) The child is accompanied by a par- of charge) has expired, as established ent, guardian, or attendant designated by the transmitter manufacturer under by the child’s parent or guardian to at- its approval. The new expiration date tend to the safety of the child during for replacing (or recharging) the bat- the flight; tery must be legibly marked on the (ii) Except as provided in paragraph outside of the transmitter. The battery (b)(2)(ii)(D) of this section, the ap- useful life (or useful life of charge) re- proved child restraint system bears one quirements of this paragraph do not or more labels as follows: apply to batteries (such as water-acti- (A) Seats manufactured to U.S.

vated batteries) that are essentially standards between January 1, 1981, and unaffected during probable storage in- February 25, 1985, must bear the label: tervals.

‘‘This child restraint system conforms to all applicable Federal motor vehicle [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as safety standards’’; amended by Amdt. 125–20, 59 FR 32058, June 21, 1994] (B) Seats manufactured to U.S.

standards on or after February 26, 1985, § 125.211 Seat and safety belts.

must bear two labels: (a) No person may operate an air- ( 1 ) ‘‘This child restraint system con- plane unless there are available during forms to all applicable Federal motor the takeoff, en route flight, and land- vehicle safety standards’’; and ing— ( 2 ) ‘‘THIS RESTRAINT IS CER- (1) An approved seat or berth for each TIFIED FOR USE IN MOTOR VEHI- person on board the airplane who is at CLES AND AIRCRAFT’’ in red let- least 2 years old; and tering; (2) An approved safety belt for sepa- (C) Seats that do not qualify under rate use by each person on board the paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)(A) and (b)(2)(ii)(B) VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00358 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.211 of this section must bear a label or straint system during take off, landing, markings showing: and movement on the surface.

( 1 ) That the seat was approved by a (2) Except as required in paragraph foreign government; (c)(1) of this section, no certificate ( 2 ) That the seat was manufactured holder may prohibit a child, if re- under the standards of the United Na- quested by the child’s parent, guardian, tions; or designated attendant, from occu- ( 3 ) That the seat or child restraint pying a child restraint system fur- device furnished by the certificate nished by the child’s parent, guardian, holder was approved by the FAA or designated attendant provided: through Type Certificate or Supple- (i) The child holds a ticket for an ap- mental Type Certificate; or proved seat or berth or such seat or ( 4 ) That the seat or child restraint berth is otherwise made available by device furnished by the certificate the certificate holder for the child’s holder, or one of the persons described use; in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section, (ii) The requirements of paragraph was approved by the FAA in accord- (b)(2)(i) of this section are met; ance with § 21.8(d) of this chapter or (iii) The requirements of paragraph Technical Standard Order C–100b, or a (b)(2)(iii) of this section are met; and later version. The child restraint de- (iv) The child restraint system has vice manufactured by AmSafe, Inc.

one or more of the labels described in (CARES, Part No. 4082) and approved paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)(A) through by the FAA in accordance with (b)(2)(ii)(C) of this section.

§ 21.305(d) (2010 ed.) of this chapter may continue to bear a label or markings (3) This section does not prohibit the showing FAA approval in accordance certificate holder from providing child with § 21.305(d) (2010 ed.) of this chapter. restraint systems authorized by this (D) Except as provided in section or, consistent with safe oper- § 125.211(b)(2)(ii)(C)( 3 ) and ating practices, determining the most § 125.211(b)(2)(ii)(C)( 4 ), booster-type appropriate passenger seat location for child restraint systems (as defined in the child restraint system.

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (d) Each sideward facing seat must No. 213 (49 CFR 571.213)), vest- and har- comply with the applicable require- ness-type child restraint systems, and ments of § 25.785(c) of this chapter.

lap held child restraints are not ap- (e) No certificate holder may take off proved for use in aircraft; and or land an airplane unless each pas- (iii) The certificate holder complies senger seat back is in the upright posi- with the following requirements: tion. Each passenger shall comply with (A) The restraint system must be instructions given by a crewmember in properly secured to an approved for- compliance with this paragraph. This ward-facing seat or berth; paragraph does not apply to seats on (B) The child must be properly se- which cargo or persons who are unable cured in the restraint system and must to sit erect for a medical reason are not exceed the specified weight limit carried in accordance with procedures for the restraint system; and in the certificate holder’s manual if (C) The restraint system must bear the seat back does not obstruct any the appropriate label(s).

passenger’s access to the aisle or to (c) Except as provided in paragraph any emergency exit.

(c)(3) of this section, the following pro- (f) Each occupant of a seat equipped hibitions apply to certificate holders: with a shoulder harness must fasten (1) Except as provided in the shoulder harness during takeoff § 125.211(b)(2)(ii)(C)( 3 ) and and landing, except that, in the case of § 125.211(b)(2)(ii)(C)( 4 ), no certificate crewmembers, the shoulder harness holder may permit a child, in an air- need not be fastened if the crew- craft, to occupy a booster-type child member cannot perform his required restraint system, a vest-type child re- straint system, a harness-type child re- straint system, or a lap held child re- VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00359 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.213 duties with the shoulder harness fas- (g) A means for the crew, in an emer- tened. gency, to unlock each door that leads to a compartment that is normally ac- [Docket 19799, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as cessible to passengers and that can be amended by Amdt. 125–17, 57 FR 42674, Sept.

15, 1992; Amdt. 125–26, 61 FR 28422, June 4, locked by passengers.

1996; Amdt. 125–48, 70 FR 50907, Aug. 26, 2005; Amdt. 125–51, 71 FR 40009, July 14, 2006; 71 FR § 125.215 Operating information re- 59373, Oct. 10, 2006; Amdt. 125–64, 79 FR 28812, quired.

May 20, 2014] (a) The operator of an airplane must provide the following materials, in cur- § 125.213 Miscellaneous equipment.

rent and appropriate form, accessible No person may conduct any oper- to the pilot at the pilot station, and ation unless the following equipment is the pilot shall use them: installed in the airplane: (1) A cockpit checklist.

(a) If protective fuses are installed on (2) An emergency cockpit checklist an airplane, the number of spare fuses containing the procedures required by approved for the airplane and appro- priately described in the certificate paragraph (c) of this section, as appro- holder’s manual. priate.

(b) A windshield wiper or equivalent (3) Pertinent aeronautical charts.

for each pilot station.

(4) For IFR operations, each perti- (c) A power supply and distribution nent navigational en route, terminal system that meets the requirements of area, and approach and letdown chart; §§ 25.1309, 25.1331, 25.1351 (a) and (b) (1) (5) One-engine-inoperative climb per- through (4), 25.1353, 25.1355, and formance data and, if the airplane is 25.1431(b) or that is able to produce and approved for use in IFR or over-the-top distribute the load for the required in- operations, that data must be suffi- struments and equipment, with use of cient to enable the pilot to determine an external power supply if any one that the airplane is capable of carrying power source or component of the passengers over-the-top or in IFR con- power distribution system fails. The ditions at a weight that will allow it to use of common elements in the system climb, with the critical engine inoper- may be approved if the Administrator ative, at least 50 feet a minute when finds that they are designed to be rea- operating at the MEA’s of the route to sonably protected against malfunc- be flown or 5,000 feet MSL, whichever is tioning. Engine-driven sources of en- higher.

ergy, when used, must be on separate (b) Each cockpit checklist required engines.

by paragraph (a)(1) of this section must (d) A means for indicating the ade- contain the following procedures: quacy of the power being supplied to (1) Before starting engines; required flight instruments.

(e) Two independent static pressure (2) Before take-off; systems, vented to the outside atmos- (3) Cruise; pheric pressure so that they will be (4) Before landing; least affected by air flow variation or (5) After landing; moisture or other foreign matter, and (6) Stopping engines.

installed so as to be airtight except for (c) Each emergency cockpit checklist the vent. When a means is provided for required by paragraph (a)(2) of this sec- transferring an instrument from its tion must contain the following proce- primary operating system to an alter- dures, as appropriate: native system, the means must include (1) Emergency operation of fuel, hy- a positive positioning control and must draulic, electrical, and mechanical sys- be marked to indicate clearly which tems.

system is being used.

(2) Emergency operation of instru- (f) A placard on each door that is the ments and controls.

means of access to a required passenger (3) Engine inoperative procedures.

emergency exit to indicate that it must be open during takeoff and land- (4) Any other emergency procedures ing. necessary for safety.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00360 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.219 parts 171, 172, and 173, except § 125.217 Passenger information.

§ 173.24(a)(1); (a) Except as provided in paragraph (ii) When owned by the certificate (b) of this section, no person may oper- holder, maintained under the certifi- ate an airplane carrying passengers un- cate holder’s approved maintenance less it is equipped with signs that meet program; the requirements of § 25.791 of this (iii) Free of flammable contaminants chapter and that are visible to pas- on all exterior surfaces; sengers and flight attendants to notify (iv) Constructed so that all valves, them when smoking is prohibited and fittings, and gauges are protected from when safety belts must be fastened.

damage during that carriage or oper- (1) The signs that notify when safety ation; and belts must be fastened must be so con- structed that the crew can turn them (v) Appropriately secured.

on and off.

(2) When the oxygen is stored in the (2) The signs that prohibit smoking form of a liquid, the equipment must and signs that notify when safety belts have been under the certificate holder’s must be fastened must be illuminated approved maintenance program since during airplane movement on the sur- its purchase new or since the storage face, for each takeoff, for each landing, container was last purged.

and when otherwise considered to be (3) When the oxygen is stored in the necessary by the pilot in command.

form of a compressed gas as defined in (b) No passenger or crewmember may title 49 CFR 173.115(b)— smoke while any ‘‘No Smoking’’ sign is (i) When owned by the certificate lighted nor may any passenger or crew- holder, it must be maintained under its member smoke in any lavatory.

approved maintenance program; and (c) Each passenger required by (ii) The pressure in any oxygen cyl- § 125.211(b) to occupy a seat or berth inder must not exceed the rated cyl- shall fasten his or her safety belt about inder pressure.

him or her and keep it fastened while (4) The pilot in command must be ad- any ‘‘Fasten Seat Belt’’ sign is lighted.

vised when the equipment is on board (d) Each passenger shall comply with and when it is intended to be used.

instructions given him or her by crew- (5) The equipment must be stowed, members regarding compliance with and each person using the equipment paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.

must be seated so as not to restrict ac- [Docket 26142, 57 FR 42675, Sept. 15, 1992, as cess to or use of any required emer- amended by Docket FAA–2024–2052, Amdt.

gency or regular exit or of the aisle in 125–76, 89 FR 68100, Aug. 23, 2024] the passenger compartment.

(b) No person may smoke or create § 125.219 Oxygen and portable oxygen concentrators for medical use by an open flame and no certificate holder passengers.

may allow any person to smoke or cre- ate an open flame within 10 feet of oxy- (a) Except as provided in paragraphs gen storage and dispensing equipment (d) and (f) of this section, no certificate carried under paragraph (a) of this sec- holder may allow the carriage or oper- tion or a portable oxygen concentrator ation of equipment for the storage, carried and operated under paragraph generation or dispensing of medical ox- (f) of this section.

ygen unless the conditions in para- (c) No certificate holder may allow graphs (a) through (c) of this section any person other than a person trained are satisfied. Beginning August 22, 2016, in the use of medical oxygen equip- a certificate holder may allow a pas- ment to connect or disconnect oxygen senger to carry and operate a portable bottles or any other ancillary compo- oxygen concentrator when the condi- nent while any passenger is aboard the tions in paragraphs (b) and (f) of this airplane.

section are satisfied.

(1) The equipment must be— (d) Paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section (i) Of an approved type or in con- does not apply when that equipment is formity with the manufacturing, pack- furnished by a professional or medical aging, marking, labeling, and mainte- emergency service for use on board an nance requirements of title 49 CFR airplane in a medical emergency when VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00361 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.219 no other practical means of transpor- on board aircraft.’’ The label require- tation (including any other properly ments in this paragraph (f)(1)(v) do not equipped certificate holder) is reason- apply to the following portable oxygen ably available and the person carried concentrators approved by the FAA for under the medical emergency is accom- use on board aircraft prior to May 24, panied by a person trained in the use of 2016: medical oxygen.

(A) AirSep Focus; (e) Each certificate holder who, under (B) AirSep FreeStyle; the authority of paragraph (d) of this (C) AirSep FreeStyle 5; section, deviates from paragraph (D) AirSep LifeStyle; (a)(1)(i) of this section under a medical (E) Delphi RS–00400; emergency shall, within 10 days, ex- (F) DeVilbiss Healthcare iGo; cluding Saturdays, Sundays, and Fed- (G) Inogen One; eral holidays, after the deviation, send (H) Inogen One G2; to the responsible Flight Standards of- (I) Inogen One G3; fice charged with the overall inspec- (J) Inova Labs LifeChoice; tion of the certificate holder a com- (K) Inova Labs LifeChoice Activox; plete report of the operation involved, (L) International Biophysics including a description of the deviation LifeChoice; and the reasons for it.

(f) Portable oxygen concentrators —(1) (M) Invacare Solo2; Acceptance criteria. A passenger may (N) Invacare XPO2; carry or operate a portable oxygen con- (O) Oxlife Independence Oxygen Con- centrator for personal use on board an centrator; aircraft and a certificate holder may (P) Oxus RS–00400; allow a passenger to carry or operate a (Q) Precision Medical EasyPulse; portable oxygen concentrator on board (R) Respironics EverGo; an aircraft operated under this part (S) Respironics SimplyGo; during all phases of flight if the port- (T) SeQual Eclipse; able oxygen concentrator satisfies all (U) SeQual eQuinox Oxygen System of the requirements in this paragraph (model 4000); (f): (V) SeQual Oxywell Oxygen System (i) Is legally marketed in the United (model 4000); States in accordance with Food and (W) SeQual SAROS; and Drug Administration requirements in (X) VBox Trooper Oxygen Concen- title 21 of the CFR; trator.

(ii) Does not radiate radio frequency (2) Operating requirements. Portable emissions that interfere with aircraft oxygen concentrators that satisfy the systems; acceptance criteria identified in para- (iii) Generates a maximum oxygen graph (f)(1) of this section may be car- pressure of less than 200 kPa gauge ried or used by a passenger on an air- (29.0 psig/43.8 psia) at 20 ° C (68 ° F); craft provided the aircraft operator en- (iv) Does not contain any hazardous sures that all of the conditions in this materials subject to the Hazardous Ma- paragraph (f)(2) are satisfied: terials Regulations (49 CFR parts 171 (i) Exit seats. No person operating a through 180) except as provided in 49 portable oxygen concentrator is per- CFR 175.10 for batteries used to power mitted to occupy an exit seat.

portable electronic devices and that do not require aircraft operator approval; (ii) Stowage of device. During move- and ment on the surface, takeoff and land- (v) Bears a label on the exterior of ing, the device must be stowed under the device applied in a manner that en- the seat in front of the user, or in an- sures the label will remain affixed for other approved stowage location so the life of the device and containing that it does not block the aisle way or the following certification statement the entryway to the row. If the device in red lettering: ‘‘The manufacturer of is to be operated by the user, it must this POC has determined this device be operated only at a seat location that conforms to all applicable FAA accept- does not restrict any passenger’s access ance criteria for POC carriage and use to, or use of, any required emergency VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00362 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.223 or regular exit, or the aisle(s) in the (2) The airplane has ice protection passenger compartment. provisions that meet appendix C of this part; or [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as (3) The airplane meets transport cat- amended by Docket FAA–2014–0554, Amdt.

egory airplane type certification provi- 125–65, 81 FR 33119, May 24, 2016; Docket sions, including the requirements for FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 125–68, 83 FR 9173, Mar.

5, 2018] certification for flight in icing condi- tions.

§ 125.221 Icing conditions: Operating (d) Except for an airplane that has limitations.

ice protection provisions that meet ap- pendix C of this part or those for trans- (a) No pilot may take off an airplane port category airplane type certifi- that has frost, ice, or snow adhering to cation, no pilot may fly an airplane any propeller, windshield, stabilizing into known or forecast severe icing or control surface; to a powerplant in- conditions.

stallation; or to an airspeed, altimeter, (e) If current weather reports and rate of climb, flight attitude instru- briefing information relied upon by the ment system, or wing, except that pilot in command indicate that the takeoffs may be made with frost under forecast icing condition that would the wing in the area of the fuel tanks otherwise prohibit the flight will not if authorized by the FAA.

be encountered during the flight be- (b) No certificate holder may author- cause of changed weather conditions ize an airplane to take off and no pilot since the forecast, the restrictions in may take off an airplane any time con- paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section ditions are such that frost, ice, or snow based on forecast conditions do not may reasonably be expected to adhere apply.

to the airplane unless the pilot has completed the testing required under [45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by § 125.287(a)(9) and unless one of the fol- Amdt. 125–18, 58 FR 69629, Dec. 30, 1993; Amdt.

lowing requirements is met: 125–58, 74 FR 62696, Dec. 1, 2009] (1) A pretakeoff contamination § 125.223 Airborne weather radar check, that has been established by the equipment requirements.

certificate holder and approved by the Administrator for the specific airplane (a) No person may operate an air- type, has been completed within 5 min- plane governed by this part in pas- utes prior to beginning takeoff. A pre- senger-carrying operations unless ap- takeoff contamination check is a check proved airborne weather radar equip- to make sure the wings and control ment is installed in the airplane.

surfaces are free of frost, ice, or snow.

(b) No person may begin a flight (2) The certificate holder has an ap- under IFR or night VFR conditions proved alternative procedure and under when current weather reports indicate that procedure the airplane is deter- that thunderstorms, or other poten- mined to be free of frost, ice, or snow.

tially hazardous weather conditions (3) The certificate holder has an ap- that can be detected with airborne proved deicing/anti-icing program that weather radar equipment, may reason- complies with § 121.629(c) of this chap- ably be expected along the route to be ter and the takeoff complies with that flown, unless the airborne weather program.

radar equipment required by paragraph (c) No pilot may fly under IFR into (a) of this section is in satisfactory op- known or forecast light or moderate erating condition.

icing conditions, or under VFR into (c) If the airborne weather radar known light or moderate icing condi- equipment becomes inoperative en tions, unless— route, the airplane must be operated under the instructions and procedures (1) The aircraft has functioning deic- specified for that event in the manual ing or anti-icing equipment protecting required by § 125.71.

each propeller, windshield, wing, stabi- lizing or control surface, and each air- (d) This section does not apply to air- speed, altimeter, rate of climb, or planes used solely within the State of flight attitude instrument system; Hawaii, within the State of Alaska, VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00363 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.224 within that part of Canada west of lon- and a method of readily retrieving that gitude 130 degrees W, between latitude data from the storage medium. The fol- 70 degrees N, and latitude 53 degrees N, lowing information must be able to be or during any training, test, or ferry determined within the ranges, accura- flight. cies, resolution, and recording inter- (e) Without regard to any other pro- vals specified in appendix D of this vision of this part, an alternate elec- part: trical power supply is not required for (1) Time; airborne weather radar equipment.

(2) Altitude; (3) Airspeed; § 125.224 Collision avoidance system.

(4) Vertical acceleration; Effective January 1, 2005, any air- (5) Heading; plane you operate under this part 125 (6) Time of each radio transmission must be equipped and operated accord- to or from air traffic control; ing to the following table: (7) Pitch attitude; (8) Roll attitude; C OLLISION A VOIDANCE S YSTEMS (9) Longitudinal acceleration; (10) Control column or pitch control If you operate any Then you must operate that airplane . . . with: surface position; and (11) Thrust of each engine.

(a) Turbine-powered (1) An appropriate class of Mode S (b) Except as provided in paragraph airplane of more transponder that meets Technical than 33,000 Standard Order (TSO) C–112, or a (d) of this section, after October 11, pounds maximum later version, and one of the fol- 1991, no person may operate a large air- certificated take- lowing approved units: plane type certificated after September off weight. (i) TCAS II that meets TSO C–119b (version 7.0), or a later version. 30, 1969, for operations above 25,000 feet (ii) TCAS II that meets TSO C–119a altitude, nor a multiengine, turbine (version 6.04A Enhanced) that was powered airplane type certificated installed in that airplane before May after September 30, 1969, unless it is 1, 2003. If that TCAS II version 6.04A Enhanced no longer can be equipped with one or more approved repaired to TSO C–119a standards, flight recorders that utilize a digital it must be replaced with a TCAS II method of recording and storing data that meets TSO C–119b (version 7.0), or a later version. and a method of readily retrieving that (iii) A collision avoidance system equiv- data from the storage medium. The fol- alent to TSO C–119b (version 7.0), lowing information must be able to be or a later version, capable of coordi- determined within the ranges, accura- nating with units that meet TSO C– 119a (version 6.04A Enhanced), or a cies, resolutions, and recording inter- later version.

vals specified in appendix D of this (b) Piston-powered (1) TCAS I that meets TSO C–118, or part: airplane of more a later version, or than 33,000 (2) A collision avoidance system equiv- (1) Time; pounds maximum alent to TSO C–118, or a later (2) Altitude; certificated take- version, or (3) Airspeed; off weight. (1)(3) A collision avoidance system and (4) Vertical acceleration; Mode S transponder that meet para- graph (a)(1) of this section.

(5) Heading; (6) Time of each radio transmission either to or from air traffic control; [Docket FAA–2001–10910, 68 FR 15903, Apr. 1, 2003] (7) Pitch attitude; (8) Roll attitude; § 125.225 Flight data recorders.

(9) Longitudinal acceleration; (a) Except as provided in paragraph (10) Pitch trim position; (d) of this section, after October 11, (11) Control column or pitch control 1991, no person may operate a large air- surface position; plane type certificated before October (12) Control wheel or lateral control 1, 1969, for operations above 25,000 feet surface position; altitude, nor a multiengine, turbine (13) Rudder pedal or yaw control sur- powered airplane type certificated be- face position; fore October 1, 1969, unless it is (14) Thrust of each engine; equipped with one or more approved (15) Position of each trust reverser; flight recorders that utilize a digital (16) Trailing edge flap or cockpit flap method of recording and storing data control position; and VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00364 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.226 (17) Leading edge flap or cockpit flap graph (g) of this section, no record need control position. be kept more than 60 days.

(g) In the event of an accident or oc- (c) After October 11, 1991, no person currence that requires immediate noti- may operate a large airplane equipped fication of the National Transportation with a digital data bus and ARINC 717 Safety Board under 49 CFR part 830 and digital flight data acquisition unit that results in termination of the (DFDAU) or equivalent unless it is flight, the certificate holder shall re- equipped with one or more approved move the recording media from the air- flight recorders that utilize a digital plane and keep the recorded data re- method of recording and storing data quired by paragraph (a), (b), (c), or (d) and a method of readily retrieving that of this section, as applicable, for at data from the storage medium. Any pa- least 60 days or for a longer period rameters specified in appendix D of upon the request of the Board or the this part that are available on the dig- Administrator.

ital data bus must be recorded within (h) Each flight recorder required by the ranges, accuracies, resolutions, and this section must be installed in ac- sampling intervals specified.

cordance with the requirements of (d) No person may operate under this § 25.1459 of this chapter in effect on Au- part an airplane that is manufactured gust 31, 1977. The correlation required after October 11, 1991, unless it is by § 25.1459(c) of this chapter need be equipped with one or more approved established only on one airplane of any flight recorders that utilize a digital group of airplanes.

method of recording and storing data (1) That are of the same type; and a method of readily retrieving that (2) On which the flight recorder mod- data from the storage medium. The pa- els and their installations are the rameters specified in appendix D of same; and this part must be recorded within the (3) On which there are no differences ranges, accuracies, resolutions and in the type design with respect to the sampling intervals specified. For the installation of the first pilot’s instru- purpose of this section, ‘‘manufac- ments associated with the flight re- tured’’ means the point in time at corder. The most recent instrument which the airplane inspection accept- calibration, including the recording ance records reflect that the airplane is medium from which this calibration is complete and meets the FAA-approved derived, and the recorder correlation type design data.

must be retained by the certificate (e) Whenever a flight recorder re- holder.

quired by this section is installed, it (i) Each flight recorder required by must be operated continuously from this section that records the data spec- the instant the airplane begins the ified in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), or (d) of takeoff roll until it has completed the this section must have an approved de- landing roll at an airport. vice to assist in locating that recorder (f) Except as provided in paragraph under water.

(j) After August 20, 2001, this section (g) of this section, and except for re- applies only to the airplane models corded data erased as authorized in listed in § 125.226(l)(2). All other air- this paragraph, each certificate holder planes must comply with the require- shall keep the recorded data prescribed ments of § 125.226.

in paragraph (a), (b), (c), or (d) of this section, as applicable, until the air- [Docket 25530, 53 FR 26148, July 11, 1988; 53 plane has been operated for at least 25 FR 30906, Aug. 16, 1988; Amdt. 125–54, 73 FR hours of the operating time specified in 12568, Mar. 7, 2008] § 125.227(a) of this chapter. A total of 1 § 125.226 Digital flight data recorders.

hour of recorded data may be erased for the purpose of testing the flight re- (a) Except as provided in paragraph corder or the flight recorder system. (l) of this section, no person may oper- Any erasure made in accordance with ate under this part a turbine-engine- this paragraph must be of the oldest re- powered transport category airplane corded data accumulated at the time of unless it is equipped with one or more testing. Except as provided in para- approved flight recorders that use a VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00365 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.226 digital method of recording and storing (26) Radio altitude (when an informa- data and a method of readily retrieving tion source is installed); that data from the storage medium. (27) Localizer deviation, MLS Azi- The operational parameters required to muth; (28) Glideslope deviation, MLS Ele- be recorded by digital flight data re- vation; corders required by this section are as (29) Marker beacon passage; follows: the phrase ‘‘when an informa- (30) Master warning; tion source is installed’’ following a pa- (31) Air/ground sensor (primary air- rameter indicates that recording of plane system reference nose or main that parameter is not intended to re- gear); quire a change in installed equipment: (32) Angle of attack (when informa- (1) Time; tion source is installed); (2) Pressure altitude; (33) Hydraulic pressure low (each sys- (3) Indicated airspeed; tem); (4) Heading—primary flight crew ref- (34) Ground speed (when an informa- erence (if selectable, record discrete, tion source is installed); true or magnetic); (35) Ground proximity warning sys- (5) Normal acceleration (Vertical); tem; (6) Pitch attitude; (36) Landing gear position or landing (7) Roll attitude; gear cockpit control selection; (8) Manual radio transmitter keying, (37) Drift angle (when an information or CVR/DFDR synchronization ref- source is installed); erence; (38) Wind speed and direction (when (9) Thrust/power of each engine—pri- an information source is installed); mary flight crew reference; (39) Latitude and longitude (when an (10) Autopilot engagement status; information source is installed); (11) Longitudinal acceleration; (40) Stick shaker/pusher (when an in- (12) Pitch control input; formation source is installed); (13) Lateral control input; (41) Windshear (when an information source is installed); (14) Rudder pedal input; (42) Throttle/power lever position; (15) Primary pitch control surface po- (43) Additional engine parameters (as sition; designed in appendix E of this part); (16) Primary lateral control surface (44) Traffic alert and collision avoid- position; ance system; (17) Primary yaw control surface po- (45) DME 1 and 2 distances; sition; (46) Nav 1 and 2 selected frequency; (18) Lateral acceleration; (47) Selected barometric setting (19) Pitch trim surface position or pa- (when an information source is in- rameters of paragraph (a)(82) of this stalled); section if currently recorded; (48) Selected altitude (when an infor- (20) Trailing edge flap or cockpit flap mation source is installed); control selection (except when param- (49) Selected speed (when an informa- eters of paragraph (a)(85) of this sec- tion source is installed); tion apply); (50) Selected mach (when an informa- (21) Leading edge flap or cockpit flap tion source is installed); control selection (except when param- (51) Selected vertical speed (when an eters of paragraph (a)(86) of this sec- information source is installed); tion apply); (52) Selected heading (when an infor- (22) Each Thrust reverser position (or mation source is installed); equivalent for propeller airplane); (53) Selected flight path (when an in- (23) Ground spoiler position or speed formation source is installed); brake selection (except when param- (54) Selected decision height (when eters of paragraph (a)(87) of this sec- an information source is installed); tion apply); (55) EFIS display format; (24) Outside or total air temperature; (56) Multi-function/engine/alerts dis- (25) Automatic Flight Control Sys- play format; tem (AFCS) modes and engagement (57) Thrust command (when an infor- status, including autothrottle; mation source is installed); VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00366 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.226 (58) Thrust target (when an informa- (87) Ground spoiler position and speed tion source is installed); brake selection; (59) Fuel quantity in CG trim tank (88) All cockpit flight control input (when an information source is in- forces (control wheel, control column, stalled); rudder pedal); (60) Primary Navigation System Ref- (89) Yaw damper status; erence; (90) Yaw damper command; and (61) Icing (when an information (91) Standby rudder valve status.

source is installed); (b) For all turbine-engine powered (62) Engine warning each engine vi- transport category airplanes manufac- bration (when an information source is tured on or before October 11, 1991, by installed); August 20, 2001— (63) Engine warning each engine over (1) For airplanes not equipped as of temp. (when an information source is July 16, 1996, with a flight data acquisi- installed); tion unit (FDAU), the parameters list- (64) Engine warning each engine oil ed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(18) pressure low (when an information of this section must be recorded within source is installed); the ranges and accuracies specified in (65) Engine warning each engine over Appendix D of this part, and— speed (when an information source is (i) For airplanes with more than two installed); engines, the parameter described in (66) Yaw trim surface position; paragraph (a)(18) is not required unless (67) Roll trim surface position; sufficient capacity is available on the (68) Brake pressure (selected system); existing recorder to record that param- (69) Brake pedal application (left and eter.

right); (ii) Parameters listed in paragraphs (70) Yaw of sideslip angle (when an (a)(12) through (a)(17) each may be re- information source is installed); corded from a single source.

(71) Engine bleed valve position (2) For airplanes that were equipped (when an information source is in- as of July 16, 1996, with a flight data stalled); acquisition unit (FDAU), the param- (72) De-icing or anti-icing system se- eters listed in paragraphs (a)(1) lection (when an information source is through (a)(22) of this section must be installed); recorded within the ranges, accuracies, (73) Computed center of gravity and recording intervals specified in Ap- (when an information source is in- pendix E of this part. Parameters listed stalled); in paragraphs (a)(12) through (a)(17) (74) AC electrical bus status; each may be recorded from a single (75) DC electrical bus status; source.

(76) APU bleed valve position (when (3) The approved flight recorder re- an information source is installed); quired by this section must be installed (77) Hydraulic pressure (each sys- at the earliest time practicable, but no tem); later than the next heavy maintenance (78) Loss of cabin pressure; check after August 18, 1999 and no later (79) Computer failure; than August 20, 2001. A heavy mainte- (80) Heads-up display (when an infor- nance check is considered to be any mation source is installed); time an airplane is scheduled to be out (81) Para-visual display (when an in- of service for 4 or more days and is formation source is installed); scheduled to include access to major (82) Cockpit trim control input posi- structural components.

tion-pitch; (c) For all turbine-engine-powered (83) Cockpit trim control input posi- transport category airplanes manufac- tion—roll; tured on or before October 11, 1991— (84) Cockpit trim control input posi- (1) That were equipped as of July 16, tion—yaw; 1996, with one or more digital data (85) Trailing edge flap and cockpit bus(es) and an ARINC 717 digital flight flap control position; data acquisition unit (DFDAU) or (86) Leading edge flap and cockpit equivalent, the parameters specified in flap control position; paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(22) of this VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00367 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.226 section must be recorded within the tervals specified in Appendix E of this ranges, accuracies, resolutions, and part.

sampling intervals specified in Appen- (3) In addition to the requirements of dix E of this part by August 20, 2001. paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this sec- Parameters listed in paragraphs (a)(12) tion, all Boeing 737 model airplanes through (a)(14) each may be recorded must also comply with the require- from a single source. ments of paragraph (n) of this section, (2) Commensurate with the capacity as applicable.

of the recording system (DFDAU or (f) For all turbine-engine-powered equivalent and the DFDR), all addi- transport category airplanes manufac- tional parameters for which informa- tured after August 19, 2002— tion sources are installed and which (1) The parameters listed in para- are connected to the recording system graphs (a)(1) through (a)(88) of this sec- must be recorded within the ranges, ac- tion must be recorded within the curacies, resolutions, and sampling in- ranges, accuracies, resolutions, and re- tervals specified in Appendix E of this cording intervals specified in Appendix part by August 20, 2001. E to this part.

(3) That were subject to § 125.225(e) of (2) In addition to the requirements of this part, all conditions of § 125.225(c) paragraphs (f)(1) of this section, all must continue to be met until compli- Boeing 737 model airplanes must also ance with paragraph (c)(1) of this sec- comply with the requirements of para- tion is accomplished. graph (n) of this section.

(d) For all turbine-engine-powered (g) Whenever a flight data recorder transport category airplanes that were required by this section is installed, it manufactured after October 11, 1991— must be operated continuously from (1) The parameters listed in para- the instant the airplane begins its graphs (a)(1) through (a)(34) of this sec- takeoff roll until it has completed its tion must be recorded within the landing roll.

ranges, accuracies, resolutions, and re- (h) Except as provided in paragraph cording intervals specified in Appendix (i) of this section, and except for re- E of this part by August 20, 2001. corded data erased as authorized in Paramaters listed in paragraphs (a)(12) this paragraph, each certificate holder through (a)(14) each may be recorded shall keep the recorded data prescribed from a single source. by this section, as appropriate, until (2) Commensurate with the capacity the airplane has been operated for at of the recording system, all additional least 25 hours of the operating time parameters for which information specified in § 121.359(a) of this part. A sources are installed and which are total of 1 hour of recorded data may be connected to the recording system, erased for the purpose of testing the must be recorded within the ranges, ac- flight recorder or the flight recorder curacies, resolutions, and sampling in- system. Any erasure made in accord- tervals specified in Appendix E of this ance with this paragraph must be of part by August 20, 2001. the oldest recorded data accumulated (e) For all turbine-engine-powered at the time of testing. Except as pro- transport category airplanes that are vided in paragraph (i) of this section, manufactured after August 18, 2000— no record need to be kept more than 60 (1) The parameters listed in para- days.

graph (a) (1) through (57) of this section (i) In the event of an accident or oc- must be recorded within the ranges, ac- currence that requires immediate noti- curacies, resolutions, and recording in- fication of the National Transportation tervals specified in Appendix E of this Safety Board under 49 CFR 830 of its part. regulations and that results in termi- (2) Commensurate with the capacity nation of the flight, the certificate of the recording system, all additional holder shall remove the recorder from parameters for which information the airplane and keep the recorder data sources are installed and which are prescribed by this section, as appro- connected to the recording system, priate, for at least 60 days or for a must be recorded within the ranges, ac- longer period upon the request of the curacies, resolutions, and sampling in- Board or the Administrator.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00368 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.227 (j) Each flight data recorder system F–28 Mark 1000 and Mark 4000, Gulf- required by this section must be in- stream Aerospace G–159, Jetstream 4100 stalled in accordance with the require- Series, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation ments of § 25.1459(a) (except paragraphs Electra 10–A, Lockheed Aircraft Cor- (a)(3)(ii) and (7)), (b), (d) and (e) of this poration Electra 10–B, Lockheed Air- chapter. A correlation must be estab- craft Corporation Electra 10–E, Lock- lished between the values recorded by heed Aircraft Corporation Electra L– the flight data recorder and the cor- 188, Lockheed Martin Model 382 (L–100) responding values being measured. The Hercules, Maryland Air Industries, Inc.

correlation must contain a sufficient F27, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

number of correlation points to accu- YS–11, Short Bros. Limited SD3–30, rately establish the conversion from Short Bros. Limited SD3–60.

the recorded values to engineering (m) All aircraft subject to the re- units or discrete state over the full op- quirements of this section that are erating range of the parameter. Except manufactured on or after April 7, 2010, for airplanes having separate altitude must have a flight data recorder in- and airspeed sensors that are an inte- stalled that also— gral part of the flight data recorder (1) Meets the requirements in system, a single correlation may be es- § 25.1459(a)(3), (a)(7), and (a)(8) of this tablished for any group of airplanes— chapter; and (1) That are of the same type; (2) On which the flight recorder sys- (2) Retains the 25 hours of recorded tem and its installation are the same; information required in paragraph (f) and of this section using a recorder that (3) On which there is no difference in meets the standards of TSO–C124a, or the type design with respect to the in- later revision.

stallation of those sensors associated (n) In addition to all other applicable with the flight data recorder system.

requirements of this section, all Boeing Documentation sufficient to convert 737 model airplanes manufactured after recorded data into the engineering August 18, 2000 must record the param- units and discrete values specified in eters listed in paragraphs (a)(88) the applicable appendix must be main- through (a)(91) of this section within tained by the certificate holder.

the ranges, accuracies, resolutions, and (k) Each flight data recorder required recording intervals specified in Appen- by this section must have an approved dix E to this part. Compliance with device to assist in locating that re- this paragraph is required no later corder under water.

than February 2, 2011.

(l) The following airplanes that were manufactured before August 18, 1997 [Docket 28109, 62 FR 38387, July 17, 1997; 62 need not comply with this section, but FR 48135, Sept. 12, 1997, as amended by Amdt.

must continue to comply with applica- 125–42, 68 FR 42937, July 18, 2003; 68 FR 50069, ble paragraphs of § 125.225 of this chap- Aug. 20, 2003; Amdt. 125–54, 73 FR 12568, Mar.

ter, as appropriate: 7, 2008; Amdt. 125–56, 73 FR 73179, Dec. 2, 2008; Amdt. 125–54, 74 FR 32801, 32804, July 9, 2009] (1) Airplanes that meet the Stage 2 noise levels of part 36 of this chapter § 125.227 Cockpit voice recorders.

and are subject to § 91.801(c) of this chapter, until January 1, 2000. On and (a) No certificate holder may operate after January 1, 2000, any Stage 2 air- a large turbine engine powered airplane plane otherwise allowed to be operated or a large pressurized airplane with under Part 91 of this chapter must four reciprocating engines unless an comply with the applicable flight data approved cockpit voice recorder is in- recorder requirements of this section stalled in that airplane and is operated for that airplane.

continuously from the start of the use (2) British Aerospace 1–11, General of the checklist (before starting en- Dynamics Convair 580, General Dynam- gines for the purpose of flight) to com- ics Convair 600, General Dynamics pletion of the final checklist at the ter- Convair 640, deHavilland Aircraft Com- mination of the flight.

pany Ltd. DHC–7, Fairchild Industries FH 227, Fokker F–27 (except Mark 50), VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00369 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.227 (b) Each certificate holder shall es- Safety Board under 49 CFR part 830 of tablish a schedule for completion, be- its regulations, which results in the fore the prescribed dates, of the cock- termination of the flight, the certifi- pit voice recorder installations re- cate holder shall keep the recorded in- quired by paragraph (a) of this section. formation for at least 60 days or, if re- In addition, the certificate holder shall quested by the Administrator or the identify any airplane specified in para- Board, for a longer period. Information graph (a) of this section he intends to obtained from the record is used to as- discontinue using before the prescribed sist in determining the cause of acci- dates. dents or occurrences in connection (c) The cockpit voice recorder re- with investigations under 49 CFR part quired by this section must also meet 830. The Administrator does not use the the following standards: record in any civil penalty or certifi- (1) The requirements of part 25 of this cate action.

chapter in effect after October 11, 1991. (g) By April 7, 2012, all turbine en- (2) After September 1, 1980, each re- gine-powered airplanes subject to this corder container must— section that are manufactured before (i) Be either bright orange or bright April 7, 2010, must have a cockpit voice yellow; recorder installed that also— (ii) Have reflective tape affixed to the (1) Meets the requirements of external surface to facilitate its loca- § 25.1457(a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), and (d)(6) of tion under water; and this chapter; (iii) Have an approved underwater lo- (2) Retains at least the last 2 hours of cating device on or adjacent to the con- recorded information using a recorder tainer which is secured in such a man- that meets the standards of TSO–C123a, ner that it is not likely to be separated or later revision; and during crash impact, unless the cockpit (3) Is operated continuously from the voice recorder and the flight recorder, start of the use of the checklist (before required by § 125.225 of this chapter, are starting the engines for the purpose of installed adjacent to each other in such flight), to the completion of the final a manner that they are not likely to be checklist at the termination of the separated during crash impact. flight.

(d) In complying with this section, an (h) All turbine engine-powered air- approved cockpit voice recorder having planes subject to this section that are an erasure feature may be used so that, manufactured on or after April 7, 2010, at any time during the operation of the must have a cockpit voice recorder in- recorder, information recorded more stalled that also— than 30 minutes earlier may be erased (1) Is installed in accordance with the or otherwise obliterated. requirements of § 25.1457 (except for (e) For those aircraft equipped to paragraph (a)(6)) of this chapter; record the uninterrupted audio signals (2) Retains at least the last 2 hours of received by a boom or a mask micro- recorded information using a recorder phone the flight crewmembers are re- that meets the standards of TSO–C123a, quired to use the boom microphone or later revision; and below 18,000 feet mean sea level. No (3) Is operated continuously from the person may operate a large turbine en- start of the use of the checklist (before gine powered airplane or a large pres- starting the engines for the purpose of surized airplane with four recipro- flight), to the completion of the final cating engines manufactured after Oc- checklist at the termination of the tober 11, 1991, or on which a cockpit flight.

voice recorder has been installed after (4) For all airplanes manufactured on October 11, 1991, unless it is equipped to or after December 6, 2010, also meets record the uninterrupted audio signal the requirements of § 25.1457(a)(6) of received by a boom or mask micro- this chapter.

phone in accordance with § 25.1457(c)(5) (i) All airplanes required by this part of this chapter. to have a cockpit voice recorder and a (f) In the event of an accident or oc- flight data recorder, that install currence requiring immediate notifica- datalink communication equipment on tion of the National Transportation or after December 6, 2010, must record VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00370 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.241 all datalink messages as required by (1) No later than October 20, 2011, the certification rule applicable to the each operator must determine, for each airplane.

airplane it operates, whether the air- plane’s DFDR system is filtering any of [Docket 25530, 53 FR 26149, July 11, 1988, as the parameters listed in paragraph (c) amended by Amdt. 125–54, 73 FR 12568, Mar. 7, of this section. The operator must cre- 2008; Amdt. 125–54, 74 FR 32801, July 9, 2009; Amdt. 125–60, 75 FR 17046; Apr. 5, 2010] ate a record of this determination for each airplane it operates, and maintain § 125.228 Flight data recorders: fil- it as part of the correlation docu- tered data.

mentation required by § 125.226(j)(3) of (a) A flight data signal is filtered this part.

when an original sensor signal has been (2) For airplanes that are not fil- changed in any way, other than tering any listed parameter, no further changes necessary to: action is required unless the airplane’s (1) Accomplish analog to digital con- DFDR system is modified in a manner version of the signal; that would cause it to meet the defini- (2) Format a digital signal to be tion of filtering on any listed param- DFDR compatible; or eter.

(3) Eliminate a high frequency com- (3) For airplanes found to be filtering ponent of a signal that is outside the a parameter listed in paragraph (c) of operational bandwidth of the sensor.

this section, the operator must either: (b) An original sensor signal for any (i) No later than April 21, 2014, re- flight recorder parameter required to move the filtering; or be recorded under § 125.226 may be fil- (ii) No later than April 22, 2013, sub- tered only if the recorded signal value mit the necessary procedure and test continues to meet the requirements of results required by paragraph (c)(2) of Appendix D or E of this part, as appli- this section.

cable.

(4) After April 21, 2014, no aircraft (c) For a parameter described in flight data recording system may filter § 125.226(a) (12) through (17), (42), or (88), any parameter listed in paragraph (c) or the corresponding parameter in Ap- of this section that does not meet the pendix D of this part, if the recorded requirements of Appendix D or E of signal value is filtered and does not meet the requirements of Appendix D this part, unless the certificate holder or E of this part, as applicable, the cer- possesses test and analysis procedures tificate holder must: and the test results that have been ap- (1) Remove the filtering and ensure proved by the FAA. All records of that the recorded signal value meets tests, analysis and procedures used to the requirements of Appendix D or E of comply with this section must be this part, as applicable; or maintained as part of the correlation (2) Demonstrate by test and analysis documentation required by that the original sensor signal value § 125.226(j)(3) of this part.

can be reconstructed from the recorded [Docket FAA–2006–26135, 75 FR 7356, Feb. 19, data. This demonstration requires 2010] that: (i) The FAA determine that the pro- Subpart G—Maintenance cedure and the test results submitted by the certificate holder as its compli- § 125.241 Applicability.

ance with paragraph (c)(2) of this sec- tion are repeatable; and This subpart prescribes rules, in addi- (ii) The certificate holder maintains tion to those prescribed in other parts documentation of the procedure re- of this chapter, for the maintenance of quired to reconstruct the original sen- airplanes, airframes, aircraft engines, sor signal value. This documentation is propellers, appliances, each item of also subject to the requirements of survival and emergency equipment, § 125.226(i).

and their component parts operated (d) Compliance. Compliance is re- under this part.

quired as follows: VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00371 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.243 tion program approved by the Adminis- § 125.243 Certificate holder’s respon- sibilities. trator.

(b) The inspection program specified (a) With regard to airplanes, includ- in paragraph (a)(3) of this section must ing airframes, aircraft engines, propel- include at least the following: lers, appliances, and survival and emer- gency equipment, operated by a certifi- (1) Instructions, procedures, and cate holder, that certificate holder is standards for the conduct of inspec- primarily responsible for— tions for the particular make and (1) Airworthiness; model of airplane, including necessary (2) The performance of maintenance, tests and checks. The instructions and preventive maintenance, and alter- procedures must set forth in detail the ation in accordance with applicable parts and areas of the airframe, air- regulations and the certificate holder’s craft engines, propellers, appliances, manual; and survival and emergency equipment (3) The scheduling and performance required to be inspected.

of inspections required by this part; (2) A schedule for the performance of and inspections that must be performed (4) Ensuring that maintenance per- under the program, expressed in terms sonnel make entries in the airplane of the time in service, calendar time, maintenance log and maintenance number of system operations, or any records which meet the requirements combination of these.

of part 43 of this chapter and the cer- (c) No person may be used to perform tificate holder’s manual, and which in- the inspections required by this part dicate that the airplane has been ap- proved for return to service after main- unless that person is authorized to per- tenance, preventive maintenance, or form maintenance under part 43 of this alteration has been performed.

chapter.

(d) No person may operate an air- § 125.245 Organization required to per- plane subject to this part unless— form maintenance, preventive (1) The installed engines have been maintenance, and alteration.

maintained in accordance with the The certificate holder must ensure overhaul periods recommended by the that each person with whom it ar- manufacturer or a program approved ranges for the performance of mainte- by the Administrator; and nance, preventive maintenance, alter- (2) The engine overhaul periods are ation, or required inspection items specified in the inspection programs re- identified in the certificate holder’s quired by § 125.247(a)(3).

manual in accordance with (e) Inspection programs which may § 125.249(a)(3)(ii) must have an organiza- be approved for use under this part in- tion adequate to perform that work.

clude, but are not limited to— § 125.247 Inspection programs and (1) A continuous inspection program maintenance.

which is a part of a current continuous (a) No person may operate an air- airworthiness program approved for plane subject to this part unless use by a certificate holder under part (1) The replacement times for life- 121 or part 135 of this chapter; limited parts specified in the aircraft (2) Inspection programs currently type certificate data sheets, or other recommended by the manufacturer of documents approved by the Adminis- the airplane, aircraft engines, propel- trator, are complied with; lers, appliances, or survival and emer- (2) Defects disclosed between inspec- gency equipment; or tions, or as a result of inspection, have (3) An inspection program developed been corrected in accordance with part by a certificate holder under this part.

43 of this chapter; and (3) The airplane, including airframe, [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, amended by Amdt. 125–2, 46 FR 24409, Apr. 30, and survival and emergency equip- 1981] ment, and their component parts, is in- spected in accordance with an inspec- VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00372 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.263 (1) A description (or reference to data § 125.248 [Reserved] acceptable to the Administrator) of the § 125.249 Maintenance manual require- work performed.

ments.

(2) The name of the person per- forming the work and the person’s cer- (a) Each certificate holder’s manual tificate type and number.

required by § 125.71 of this part shall (3) The name of the person approving contain, in addition to the items re- the work and the person’s certificate quired by § 125.73 of this part, at least type and number.

the following: (1) A description of the certificate § 125.251 Required inspection per- holders maintenance organization, sonnel.

when the certificate holder has such an (a) No person may use any person to organization.

perform required inspections unless the (2) A list of those persons with whom person performing the inspection is ap- the certificate holder has arranged for propriately certificated, properly performance of inspections under this trained, qualified, and authorized to do part. The list shall include the persons’ so.

names and addresses.

(b) No person may perform a required (3) The inspection programs required inspection if that person performed the by § 125.247 of this part to be followed in item of work required to be inspected.

the performance of inspections under this part including— Subpart H—Airman and (i) The method of performing routine Crewmember Requirements and nonroutine inspections (other than required inspections); § 125.261 Airman: Limitations on use of (ii) The designation of the items that services.

must be inspected (required inspec- (a) No certificate holder may use any tions), including at least those which if person as an airman nor may any per- improperly accomplished could result son serve as an airman unless that per- in a failure, malfunction, or defect en- son— dangering the safe operation of the air- (1) Holds an appropriate current air- plane; man certificate issued by the FAA; (iii) The method of performing re- (2) Has any required appropriate cur- quired inspections; rent airman and medical certificates in (iv) Procedures for the inspection of that person’s possession while engaged work performed under previously re- in operations under this part; and quired inspection findings (‘‘buy-back (3) Is otherwise qualified for the oper- procedures’’); ation for which that person is to be (v) Procedures, standards, and limits used.

necessary for required inspections and (b) Each airman covered by para- acceptance or rejection of the items re- graph (a) of this section shall present quired to be inspected; the certificates for inspection upon the (vi) Instructions to prevent any per- request of the Administrator.

son who performs any item of work § 125.263 Composition of flightcrew.

from performing any required inspec- tion of that work; and (a) No certificate holder may operate (vii) Procedures to ensure that work an airplane with less than the min- interruptions do not adversely affect imum flightcrew specified in the type required inspections and to ensure re- certificate and the Airplane Flight quired inspections are properly com- Manual approved for that type airplane pleted before the airplane is released to and required by this part for the kind service.

of operation being conducted.

(b) In addition, each certificate hold- (b) In any case in which this part re- er’s manual shall contain a suitable quires the performance of two or more system which may include a coded sys- functions for which an airman certifi- tem that provides for the retention of cate is necessary, that requirement is the following: not satisfied by the performance of VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00373 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.265 multiple functions at the same time by § 125.269 Flight attendants.

one airman.

(a) Each certificate holder shall pro- (c) On each flight requiring a flight vide at least the following flight at- engineer, at least one flight crew- tendants on each passenger-carrying member, other than the flight engi- airplane used: neer, must be qualified to provide (1) For airplanes having more than 19 emergency performance of the flight but less than 51 passengers—one flight engineer’s functions for the safe com- attendant.

pletion of the flight if the flight engi- (2) For airplanes having more than 50 neer becomes ill or is otherwise inca- but less than 101 passengers—two flight pacitated. A pilot need not hold a attendants.

flight engineer’s certificate to perform (3) For airplanes having more than the flight engineer’s functions in such 100 passengers—two flight attendants a situation.

plus one additional flight attendant for each unit (or part of a unit) of 50 pas- § 125.265 Flight engineer require- sengers above 100 passengers.

ments.

(b) The number of flight attendants (a) No person may operate an air- approved under paragraphs (a) and (b) plane for which a flight engineer is re- of this section are set forth in the cer- quired by the type certification re- tificate holder’s operations specifica- quirements without a flight crew- tions.

member holding a current flight engi- (c) During takeoff and landing, flight neer certificate.

attendants required by this section (b) No person may serve as a required shall be located as near as practicable flight engineer on an airplane unless, to required floor level exits and shall within the preceding 6 calendar be uniformly distributed throughout months, that person has had at least 50 the airplane to provide the most effec- hours of flight time as a flight engineer tive egress of passengers in event of an on that type airplane, or the Adminis- emergency evacuation.

trator has checked that person on that type airplane and determined that per- § 125.271 Emergency and emergency son is familiar and competent with all evacuation duties.

essential current information and oper- (a) Each certificate holder shall, for ating procedures.

each type and model of airplane, assign to each category of required crew- § 125.267 Flight navigator and long- member, as appropriate, the necessary range navigation equipment.

functions to be performed in an emer- (a) No certificate holder may operate gency or a situation requiring emer- an airplane outside the 48 gency evacuation. The certificate hold- conterminous States and the District er shall show those functions are real- of Columbia when its position cannot istic, can be practically accomplished, be reliably fixed for a period of more and will meet any reasonably antici- than 1 hour, without— pated emergency, including the pos- (1) A flight crewmember who holds a sible incapacitation of individual crew- current flight navigator certificate; or members or their inability to reach the (2) Two independent, properly func- passenger cabin because of shifting tioning, and approved long-range cargo in combination cargo-passenger means of navigation which enable a re- airplanes.

liable determination to be made of the (b) The certificate holder shall de- position of the airplane by each pilot scribe in its manual the functions of seated at that person’s duty station.

each category of required crew- (b) Operations where a flight navi- members under paragraph (a) of this gator or long-range navigation equip- section.

ment, or both, are required are speci- fied in the operations specifications of the operator.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00374 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.287 (b) A required pilot flight crew- Subpart I—Flight Crewmember member who has not met the require- Requirements ments of paragraph (a) of this section may reestablish recency of experience § 125.281 Pilot-in-command qualifica- by making at least three takeoffs and tions.

landings under the supervision of an No certificate holder may use any authorized check airman, in accord- person, nor may any person serve, as ance with the following: pilot in command of an airplane unless (1) At least one takeoff must be made that person— with a simulated failure of the most (a) Holds at least a commercial pilot critical powerplant.

certificate, an appropriate category, (2) At least one landing must be made class, and type rating, and an instru- from an ILS approach to the lowest ment rating; and ILS minimums authorized for the cer- (b) Has had at least 1,200 hours of tificate holder.

flight time as a pilot, including 500 (3) At least one landing must be made hours of cross-country flight time, 100 to a complete stop.

hours of night flight time, including at (c) A required pilot flight crew- least 10 night takeoffs and landings, member who performs the maneuvers and 75 hours of actual or simulated in- required by paragraph (b) of this sec- strument flight time, at least 50 hours tion in a qualified and approved flight of which were actual flight.

simulator, as prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section, must— § 125.283 Second-in-command quali- (1) Have previously logged 100 hours fications.

of flight time in the same type airplane No certificate holder may use any in which the pilot is to serve; and person, nor may any person serve, as (2) Be observed on the first two land- second in command of an airplane un- ings made in operations under this part less that person— by an authorized check airman who (a) Holds at least a commercial pilot acts as pilot in command and occupies certificate with appropriate category a pilot seat. The landings must be and class ratings, and an instrument made in weather minimums that are rating; and not less than those contained in the (b) For flight under IFR, meets the certificate holder’s operations speci- recent instrument experience require- fications for Category I operations and ments prescribed for a pilot in com- must be made within 45 days following mand in part 61 of this chapter. completion of simulator testing.

(d) An authorized check airman who § 125.285 Pilot qualifications: Recent observes the takeoffs and landings pre- experience.

scribed in paragraphs (b) and (c)(2) of this section shall certify that the per- (a) No certificate holder may use any son being observed is proficient and person, nor may any person serve, as a qualified to perform flight duty in op- required pilot flight crewmember un- erations under this part, and may re- less within the preceding 90 calendar quire any additional maneuvers that days that person has made at least are determined necessary to make this three takeoffs and landings in the type certifying statement.

airplane in which that person is to serve. The takeoffs and landings re- [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as quired by this paragraph may be per- amended by Amdt. 125–27, 61 FR 34561, July 2, formed in a flight simulator if the 1996; Docket FAA–2022–1355, Amdt. 125–72; 87 flight simulator is qualified and ap- FR 75847, Dec. 9, 2022] proved by the Administrator for such § 125.287 Initial and recurrent pilot purpose. However, any person who fails testing requirements.

to qualify for a 90-consecutive-day pe- riod following the date of that person’s (a) No certificate holder may use any last qualification under this paragraph person, nor may any person serve as a must reestablish recency of experience pilot, unless, since the beginning of the as provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- 12th calendar month before that serv- tion. ice, that person has passed a written or VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00375 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.287 oral test, given by the Administrator knowledge of how contamination ad- or an authorized check airman on that versely affects airplane performance person’s knowledge in the following and flight characteristics.

areas— (v) Types and characteristics of deic- (1) The appropriate provisions of ing/anti-icing fluids, if used by the cer- parts 61, 91, and 125 of this chapter and tificate holder.

the operations specifications and the (vi) Cold weather preflight inspection manual of the certificate holder; procedures.

(2) For each type of airplane to be (vii) Techniques for recognizing con- flown by the pilot, the airplane power- tamination on the airplane.

plant, major components and systems, (b) No certificate holder may use any major appliances, performance and op- person, nor may any person serve, as a erating limitations, standard and pilot in any airplane unless, since the emergency operating procedures, and beginning of the 12th calendar month the contents of the approved Airplane before that service, that person has Flight Manual or approved equivalent, passed a competency check given by as applicable; the Administrator or an authorized (3) For each type of airplane to be check airman in that type of airplane flown by the pilot, the method of deter- mining compliance with weight and to determine that person’s competence balance limitations for takeoff, land- in practical skills and techniques in ing, and en route operations; that airplane or type of airplane. The (4) Navigation and use of air naviga- extent of the competency check shall tion aids appropriate to the operation be determined by the Administrator or of pilot authorization, including, when authorized check airman conducting applicable, instrument approach facili- the competency check. The com- ties and procedures; petency check may include any of the (5) Air traffic control procedures, in- maneuvers and procedures currently cluding IFR procedures when applica- required for the original issuance of ble; the particular pilot certificate required (6) Meteorology in general, including for the operations authorized and ap- the principles of frontal systems, icing, propriate to the category, class, and fog, thunderstorms, and windshear, type of airplane involved. For the pur- and, if appropriate for the operation of poses of this paragraph, type, as to an the certificate holder, high altitude airplane, means any one of a group of weather; airplanes determined by the Adminis- (7) Procedures for avoiding oper- trator to have a similar means of pro- ations in thunderstorms and hail, and pulsion, the same manufacturer, and for operating in turbulent air or in no significantly different handling or icing conditions; flight characteristics.

(8) New equipment, procedures, or techniques, as appropriate; (c) The instrument proficiency check (9) Knowledge and procedures for op- required by § 125.291 may be substituted erating during ground icing conditions, for the competency check required by ( i.e. , any time conditions are such that this section for the type of airplane frost, ice, or snow may reasonably be used in the check.

expected to adhere to the airplane), if (d) For the purposes of this part, the certificate holder expects to au- competent performance of a procedure thorize takeoffs in ground icing condi- or maneuver by a person to be used as tions, including: a pilot requires that the pilot be the (i) The use of holdover times when obvious master of the airplane with the using deicing/anti-icing fluids.

successful outcome of the maneuver (ii) Airplane deicing/anti-icing proce- never in doubt.

dures, including inspection and check (e) The Administrator or authorized procedures and responsibilities.

check airman certifies the competency (iii) Communications.

of each pilot who passes the knowledge (iv) Airplane surface contamination or flight check in the certificate hold- ( i.e. , adherence of frost, ice, or snow) er’s pilot records.

and critical area identification, and VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00376 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.291 (f) Portions of a required competency § 125.291 Pilot in command: Instru- check may be given in an airplane sim- ment proficiency check require- ments.

ulator or other appropriate training de- vice, if approved by the Administrator.

(a) No certificate holder may use any (g) If the certificate holder is author- person, nor may any person serve, as a ized to conduct EFVS operations, the pilot in command of an airplane under competency check in paragraph (b) of IFR unless, since the beginning of the this section must include tasks appro- sixth calendar month before that serv- priate to the EFVS operations the cer- ice, that person has passed an instru- tificate holder is authorized to con- ment proficiency check and the Admin- duct.

istrator or an authorized check airman has so certified in a letter of com- [45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by petency.

Amdt. 125–18, 58 FR 69629, Dec. 30, 1993; Dock- (b) No pilot may use any type of pre- et FAA–2013–0485, Amdt. 125–66, 81 FR 90176, cision instrument approach procedure Dec. 13, 2016] under IFR unless, since the beginning § 125.289 Initial and recurrent flight of the sixth calendar month before that attendant crewmember testing re- use, the pilot has satisfactorily dem- quirements.

onstrated that type of approach proce- No certificate holder may use any dure and has been issued a letter of person, nor may any person serve, as a competency under paragraph (g) of this flight attendant crewmember, unless, section. No pilot may use any type of since the beginning of the 12th cal- nonprecision approach procedure under endar month before that service, the IFR unless, since the beginning of the certificate holder has determined by sixth calendar month before that use, appropriate initial and recurrent test- the pilot has satisfactorily dem- ing that the person is knowledgeable onstrated either that type of approach and competent in the following areas procedure or any other two different as appropriate to assigned duties and types of nonprecision approach proce- responsibilities: dures and has been issued a letter of (a) Authority of the pilot in com- competency under paragraph (g) of this mand; section. The instrument approach pro- (b) Passenger handling, including cedure or procedures must include at procedures to be followed in handling least one straight-in approach, one cir- deranged persons or other persons cling approach, and one missed ap- whose conduct might jeopardize safety; proach. Each type of approach proce- (c) Crewmember assignments, func- dure demonstrated must be conducted tions, and responsibilities during ditch- to published minimums for that proce- ing and evacuation of persons who may dure.

need the assistance of another person (c) The instrument proficiency check to move expeditiously to an exit in an required by paragraph (a) of this sec- emergency; tion consists of an oral or written (d) Briefing of passengers; equipment test and a flight check (e) Location and operation of port- under simulated or actual IFR condi- able fire extinguishers and other items tions. The equipment test includes of emergency equipment; questions on emergency procedures, en- (f) Proper use of cabin equipment and gine operation, fuel and lubrication controls; systems, power settings, stall speeds, (g) Location and operation of pas- best engine-out speed, propeller and su- senger oxygen equipment; percharge operations, and hydraulic, (h) Location and operation of all nor- mechanical, and electrical systems, as mal and emergency exits, including appropriate. The flight check includes evacuation chutes and escape ropes; navigation by instruments, recovery and from simulated emergencies, and (i) Seating of persons who may need standard instrument approaches in- assistance of another person to move volving navigational facilities which rapidly to an exit in an emergency as that pilot is to be authorized to use.

prescribed by the certificate holder’s (1) For a pilot in command of an air- operations manual. plane, the instrument proficiency VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00377 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.293 check must include the procedures and unable to demonstrate satisfactory maneuvers for a commercial pilot cer- performance to the person conducting tificate with an instrument rating and, the check, the certificate holder may if required, for the appropriate type not use the pilot, nor may the pilot rating.

serve, in the capacity for which the (2) The instrument proficiency check pilot is being checked in operations must be given by an authorized check under this part until the pilot has sat- airman or by the Administrator.

isfactorily completed the check.

(d) If the pilot in command is as- signed to pilot only one type of air- § 125.295 Check airman authorization: Application and issue.

plane, that pilot must take the instru- ment proficiency check required by Each certificate holder desiring FAA paragraph (a) of this section in that approval of a check airman shall sub- type of airplane.

mit a request in writing to the respon- (e) If the pilot in command is as- sible Flight Standards office charged signed to pilot more than one type of with the overall inspection of the cer- airplane, that pilot must take the in- tificate holder. The Administrator may strument proficiency check required by issue a letter of authority to each paragraph (a) of this section in each check airman if that airman passes the type of airplane to which that pilot is appropriate oral and flight test. The assigned, in rotation, but not more letter of authority lists the tests and than one flight check during each pe- checks in this part that the check air- riod described in paragraph (a) of this man is qualified to give, and the cat- section.

egory, class and type airplane, where (f) Portions of a required flight check appropriate, for which the check air- may be given in an airplane simulator man is qualified.

or other appropriate training device, if approved by the Administrator. [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt.

(g) The Administrator or authorized 125–68, 83 FR 9173, Mar. 5, 2018] check airman issues a letter of com- petency to each pilot who passes the § 125.296 Training, testing, and check- instrument proficiency check. The let- ing conducted by training centers: ter of competency contains a list of the Special rules.

types of instrument approach proce- A crewmember who has successfully dures and facilities authorized.

completed training, testing, or check- § 125.293 Crewmember: Tests and ing in accordance with an approved checks, grace provisions, accepted training program that meets the re- standards.

quirements of this part and that is con- (a) If a crewmember who is required ducted in accordance with an approved to take a test or a flight check under course conducted by a training center this part completes the test or flight certificated under part 142 of this chap- check in the calendar month before or ter, is considered to meet applicable re- after the calendar month in which it is quirements of this part.

required, that crewmember is consid- [Docket 26933, 61 FR 34561, July 2, 1996] ered to have completed the test or check in the calendar month in which § 125.297 Approval of flight simulators it is required.

and flight training devices.

(b) If a pilot being checked under this (a) Flight simulators and flight subpart fails any of the required ma- training devices approved by the Ad- neuvers, the person giving the check ministrator may be used in training, may give additional training to the testing, and checking required by this pilot during the course of the check. In subpart.

addition to repeating the maneuvers failed, the person giving the check may (b) Each flight simulator and flight require the pilot being checked to re- training device that is used in training, peat any other maneuvers that are nec- testing, and checking required under essary to determine the pilot’s pro- this subpart must be used in accord- ficiency. If the pilot being checked is ance with an approved training course VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00378 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.317 conducted by a training center certifi- § 125.313 Manipulation of controls cated under part 142 of this chapter, or when carrying passengers.

meet the following requirements: No pilot in command may allow any (1) It must be specifically approved person to manipulate the controls of an for— airplane while carrying passengers dur- (i) The certificate holder; ing flight, nor may any person manipu- late the controls while carrying pas- (ii) The type airplane and, if applica- sengers during flight, unless that per- ble, the particular variation within son is a qualified pilot of the certifi- type for which the check is being con- cate holder operating that airplane.

ducted; and (iii) The particular maneuver, proce- § 125.315 Admission to flight deck.

dure, or crewmember function in- (a) No person may admit any person volved.

to the flight deck of an airplane unless (2) It must maintain the perform- the person being admitted is— ance, functional, and other characteris- (1) A crewmember; tics that are required for approval.

(2) An FAA inspector or an author- (3) It must be modified to conform ized representative of the National with any modification to the airplane Transportation Safety Board who is being simulated that changes the per- performing official duties; or formance, functional, or other charac- (3) Any person who has the permis- teristics required for approval.

sion of the pilot in command.

(b) No person may admit any person [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as to the flight deck unless there is a seat amended by Amdt. 125–27, 61 FR 34561, July 2, available for the use of that person in 1996] the passenger compartment, except— (1) An FAA inspector or an author- Subpart J—Flight Operations ized representative of the Adminis- trator or National Transportation § 125.311 Flight crewmembers at con- Safety Board who is checking or ob- trols.

serving flight operations; or (a) Except as provided in paragraph (2) A certificated airman employed (b) of this section, each required flight by the certificate holder whose duties crewmember on flight deck duty must require an airman certificate.

remain at the assigned duty station § 125.317 Inspector’s credentials: Ad- with seat belt fastened while the air- mission to pilots’ compartment: For- plane is taking off or landing and while ward observer’s seat.

it is en route.

(a) Whenever, in performing the du- (b) A required flight crewmember ties of conducting an inspection, an may leave the assigned duty station— FAA inspector presents an Aviation (1) If the crewmember’s absence is Safety Inspector credential, FAA Form necessary for the performance of duties 110A, to the pilot in command of an in connection with the operation of the airplane operated by the certificate airplane; holder, the inspector must be given (2) If the crewmember’s absence is in free and uninterrupted access to the connection with physiological needs; or pilot compartment of that airplane.

(3) If the crewmember is taking a rest However, this paragraph does not limit period and relief is provided— the emergency authority of the pilot in (i) In the case of the assigned pilot in command to exclude any person from command, by a pilot qualified to act as the pilot compartment in the interest pilot in command.

of safety.

(ii) In the case of the assigned second (b) A forward observer’s seat on the in command, by a pilot qualified to act flight deck, or forward passenger seat as second in command of that airplane with headset or speaker, must be pro- during en route operations. However, vided for use by the Administrator the relief pilot need not meet the re- while conducting en route inspections.

cent experience requirements of The suitability of the location of the § 125.285. seat and the headset or speaker for use VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00379 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.319 in conducting en route inspections is tify an appropriate ground station as determined by the Administrator. soon as practicable.

[Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as § 125.319 Emergencies.

amended by Amdt. 125–52, 72 FR 31683, June (a) In an emergency situation that 7, 2007] requires immediate decision and ac- § 125.323 Reporting mechanical irreg- tion, the pilot in command may take ularities.

any action considered necessary under the circumstances. In such a case, the The pilot in command shall ensure pilot in command may deviate from that all mechanical irregularities oc- prescribed operations, procedures and curring during flight are entered in the methods, weather minimums, and this maintenance log of the airplane at the chapter, to the extent required in the next place of landing. Before each interests of safety.

flight, the pilot in command shall as- (b) In an emergency situation arising certain the status of each irregularity during flight that requires immediate entered in the log at the end of the pre- decision and action by appropriate ceding flight.

management personnel in the case of § 125.325 Instrument approach proce- operations conducted with a flight fol- dures and IFR landing minimums.

lowing service and which is known to them, those personnel shall advise the Except as specified in § 91.176 of this pilot in command of the emergency, chapter, no person may make an in- shall ascertain the decision of the pilot strument approach at an airport except in command, and shall have the deci- in accordance with IFR weather mini- sion recorded. If they cannot commu- mums and unless the type of instru- nicate with the pilot, they shall de- ment approach procedure to be used is clare an emergency and take any ac- listed in the certificate holder’s oper- tion that they consider necessary ations specifications.

under the circumstances.

[Docket FAA–2013–0485, Amdt. 125–66, 81 FR (c) Whenever emergency authority is 90176, Dec. 13, 2016] exercised, the pilot in command or the appropriate management personnel § 125.327 Briefing of passengers before shall keep the appropriate ground radio flight.

station fully informed of the progress (a) Before each takeoff, each pilot in of the flight. The person declaring the command of an airplane carrying pas- emergency shall send a written report sengers shall ensure that all passengers of any deviation, through the opera- have been orally briefed on— tor’s director of operations, to the Ad- (1) Smoking. Each passenger shall be ministrator within 10 days, exclusive of briefed on when, where, and under what Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holi- conditions smoking is prohibited. This days, after the flight is completed or, briefing shall include a statement that in the case of operations outside the the Federal Aviation Regulations re- United States, upon return to the home quire passenger compliance with the base.

lighted passenger information signs, posted placards, areas designated for § 125.321 Reporting potentially haz- safety purposes as no smoking areas, ardous meteorological conditions and irregularities of ground and and crewmember instructions with re- navigation facilities.

gard to these items.

(2) The use of safety belts, including in- Whenever the pilot in command en- structions on how to fasten and unfasten counters a meteorological condition or the safety belts. Each passenger shall be an irregularity in a ground facility or briefed on when, where, and under what navigation aid in flight, the knowledge conditions the safety belt must be fas- of which the pilot in command con- tened about him or her. This briefing siders essential to the safety of other flights, the pilot in command shall no- VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00380 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.329 shall include a statement that the Fed- given before takeoff but the briefing eral Aviation Regulations require pas- required by paragraph (a)(6) must be senger compliance with lighted pas- given before reaching the overwater senger information signs and crew- part of the flight.

member instructions concerning the [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as use of safety belts.

amended by Amdt. 125–17, 57 FR 42675, Sept.

(3) The placement of seat backs in an 15, 1992] upright position before takeoff and § 125.328 Prohibition on crew inter- landing; ference.

(4) Location and means for opening the passenger entry door and emer- No person may assault, threaten, in- gency exits; timidate, or interfere with a crew- (5) Location of survival equipment; member in the performance of the (6) If the flight involves extended crewmember’s duties aboard an air- overwater operation, ditching proce- craft being operated under this part.

dures and the use of required flotation [Docket FAA–1998–4954, 64 FR 1080, Jan. 7, equipment; 1999] (7) If the flight involves operations above 12,000 feet MSL, the normal and § 125.329 Minimum altitudes for use of emergency use of oxygen; and autopilot.

(8) Location and operation of fire ex- (a) Definitions. For purpose of this tinguishers.

section— (b) Before each takeoff, the pilot in (1) Altitudes for takeoff/initial climb command shall ensure that each person and go-around/missed approach are de- who may need the assistance of an- fined as above the airport elevation.

other person to move expeditiously to (2) Altitudes for enroute operations an exit if an emergency occurs and are defined as above terrain elevation.

that person’s attendant, if any, has re- (3) Altitudes for approach are defined ceived a briefing as to the procedures as above the touchdown zone elevation to be followed if an evacuation occurs.

(TDZE), unless the altitude is specifi- This paragraph does not apply to a per- cally in reference to DA (H) or MDA, in son who has been given a briefing be- which case the altitude is defined by fore a previous leg of a flight in the reference to the DA(H) or MDA itself.

same airplane.

(b) Takeoff and initial climb. No person (c) The oral briefing required by may use an autopilot for takeoff or ini- paragraph (a) of this section shall be tial climb below the higher of 500 feet given by the pilot in command or a or an altitude that is no lower than member of the crew. It shall be supple- twice the altitude loss specified in the mented by printed cards for the use of Airplane Flight Manual (AFM), except each passenger containing— as follows— (1) A diagram and method of oper- (1) At a minimum engagement alti- ating the emergency exits; and tude specified in the AFM; or (2) Other instructions necessary for (2) At an altitude specified by the Ad- the use of emergency equipment on ministrator, whichever is greater.

board the airplane.

(c) Enroute. No person may use an Each card used under this paragraph autopilot enroute, including climb and must be carried in the airplane in loca- descent, below the following— tions convenient for the use of each (1) 500 feet; passenger and must contain informa- (2) At an altitude that is no lower tion that is appropriate to the airplane than twice the altitude loss specified in on which it is to be used. the AFM for an autopilot malfunction (d) The certificate holder shall de- in cruise conditions; or scribe in its manual the procedure to (3) At an altitude specified by the Ad- be followed in the briefing required by ministrator, whichever is greater.

paragraph (a) of this section. (d) Approach. No person may use an (e) If the airplane does not proceed autopilot at an altitude lower than 50 directly over water after takeoff, no feet below the DA(H) or MDA for the part of the briefing required by para- instrument procedure being flown, ex- graph (a)(6) of this section has to be cept as follows— VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00381 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.331 (1) For autopilots with an AFM speci- specified for takeoff and initial climb fied altitude loss for approach oper- in paragraph (b) in this section. An ations— autopilot minimum use altitude does (i) An altitude no lower than twice not apply to a go-around/missed ap- the specified altitude loss if higher proach initiated with an engaged auto- than 50 feet below the MDA or DA(H); pilot. Performing a go-around or (ii) An altitude no lower than 50 feet missed approach with an engaged auto- higher than the altitude loss specified pilot must not adversely affect safe ob- in the AFM, when the following condi- stacle clearance.

tions are met— (f) Landing. Notwithstanding para- (A) Reported weather conditions are graph (d) of this section, autopilot min- less than the basic VFR weather condi- imum use altitudes do not apply to tions in § 91.155 of this chapter; autopilot operations when an approved (B) Suitable visual references speci- automatic landing system mode is fied in § 91.175 of this chapter have been being used for landing. Automatic established on the instrument ap- landing systems must be authorized in proach procedure; and an operations specification issued to (C) The autopilot is coupled and re- the operator.

ceiving both lateral and vertical path [Docket FAA–2012–1059, 79 FR 6087, Feb. 3, references; 2014] (iii) An altitude no lower than the higher of the altitude loss specified in § 125.331 Carriage of persons without the AFM or 50 feet above the TDZE, compliance with the passenger-car- when the following conditions are rying provisions of this part.

met— The following persons may be carried (A) Reported weather conditions are aboard an airplane without complying equal to or better than the basic VFR with the passenger-carrying require- weather conditions in § 91.155 of this ments of this part: chapter; and (a) A crewmember.

(B) The autopilot is coupled and re- (b) A person necessary for the safe ceiving both lateral and vertical path handling of animals on the airplane.

references; or (c) A person necessary for the safe (iv) A greater altitude specified by handling of hazardous materials (as de- the Administrator.

fined in subchapter C of title 49 CFR).

(2) For autopilots with AFM specified (d) A person performing duty as a se- approach altitude limitations, the curity or honor guard accompanying a greater of— shipment made by or under the author- (i) The minimum use altitude speci- ity of the U.S. Government.

fied for the coupled approach mode se- (e) A military courier or a military lected; route supervisor carried by a military (ii) 50 feet; or cargo contract operator if that car- (iii) An altitude specified by Admin- riage is specifically authorized by the istrator.

appropriate military service.

(3) For autopilots with an AFM speci- fied negligible or zero altitude loss for (f) An authorized representative of an autopilot approach mode malfunc- the Administrator conducting an en tion, the greater of— route inspection.

(i) 50 feet; or (g) A person authorized by the Ad- (ii) An altitude specified by Adminis- ministrator.

trator.

§ 125.333 Stowage of food, beverage, (4) If executing an autopilot coupled and passenger service equipment go-around or missed approach using a during airplane movement on the certificated and functioning autopilot surface, takeoff, and landing.

in accordance with paragraph (e) in this section. (a) No certificate holder may move (e) Go-Around/Missed Approach. No an airplane on the surface, take off, or person may engage an autopilot during land when any food, beverage, or table- a go-around or missed approach below ware furnished by the certificate hold- the minimum engagement altitude er is located at any passenger seat.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00382 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.363 (b) No certificate holder may move § 125.357 Communication and naviga- an airplane on the surface, take off, or tion facilities.

land unless each food and beverage No person may release an airplane tray and seat back tray table is se- over any route or route segment unless cured in its stowed position.

communication and navigation facili- (c) No certificate holder may permit ties equal to those required by § 125.51 an airplane to move on the surface, are in satisfactory operating condition.

take off, or land unless each passenger § 125.359 Flight release under VFR.

serving cart is secured in its stowed po- sition.

No person may release an airplane (d) Each passenger shall comply with for VFR operation unless the ceiling instructions given by a crewmember and visibility en route, as indicated by with regard to compliance with this available weather reports or forecasts, section. or any combination thereof, are and will remain at or above applicable VFR [Docket 26142, 57 FR 42675, Sept. 15, 1992] minimums until the airplane arrives at the airport or airports specified in the Subpart K—Flight Release Rules flight release.

§ 125.351 Flight release authority.

§ 125.361 Flight release under IFR or over-the-top.

(a) No person may start a flight with- Except as provided in § 125.363, no per- out authority from the person author- son may release an airplane for oper- ized by the certificate holder to exer- ations under IFR or over-the-top unless cise operational control over the flight.

appropriate weather reports or fore- (b) No person may start a flight un- casts, or any combination thereof, indi- less the pilot in command or the person cate that the weather conditions will authorized by the cetificate holder to be at or above the authorized mini- exercise operational control over the mums at the estimated time of arrival flight has executed a flight release set- at the airport or airports to which re- ting forth the conditions under which leased.

the flight will be conducted. The pilot in command may sign the flight re- § 125.363 Flight release over water.

lease only when both the pilot in com- (a) No person may release an airplane mand and the person authorized to ex- for a flight that involves extended ercise operational control believe the overwater operation unless appropriate flight can be made safely, unless the weather reports or forecasts, or any pilot in command is authorized by the combination thereof, indicate that the certificate holder to exercise oper- weather conditions will be at or above ational control and execute the flight the authorized minimums at the esti- release without the approval of any mated time of arrival at any airport to other person.

which released or to any required alter- (c) No person may continue a flight nate airport.

from an intermediate airport without a (b) Each certificate holder shall con- new flight release if the airplane has duct extended overwater operations been on the ground more than 6 hours.

under IFR unless it shows that oper- ating under IFR is not necessary for § 125.353 Facilities and services.

safety.

During a flight, the pilot in command (c) Each certificate holder shall con- shall obtain any additional available duct other overwater operations under information of meteorological condi- IFR if the Administrator determines tions and irregularities of facilities and that operation under IFR is necessary services that may affect the safety of for safety.

the flight.

(d) Each authorization to conduct ex- tended overwater operations under § 125.355 Airplane equipment.

VFR and each requirement to conduct No person may release an airplane other overwater operations under IFR unless it is airworthy and is equipped will be specified in the operations spec- as prescribed. ifications.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00383 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.365 § 125.365 Alternate airport for depar- § 125.369 Alternate airport weather ture. minimums.

(a) If the weather conditions at the No person may list an airport as an airport of takeoff are below the landing alternate airport in the flight release minimums in the certificate holder’s unless the appropriate weather reports operations specifications for that air- or forecasts, or any combination there- port, no person may release an airplane of, indicate that the weather condi- from that airport unless the flight re- tions will be at or above the alternate lease specifies an alternate airport lo- weather minimums specified in the cer- cated within the following distances tificate holder’s operations specifica- from the airport of takeoff: tions for that airport when the flight (1) Airplanes having two engines. Not arrives.

more than 1 hour from the departure § 125.371 Continuing flight in unsafe airport at normal cruising speed in conditions.

still air with one engine inoperative.

(2) Airplanes having three or more en- (a) No pilot in command may allow a flight to continue toward any airport gines. Not more than 2 hours from the departure airport at normal cruising to which it has been released if, in the speed in still air with one engine inop- opinion of the pilot in command, the flight cannot be completed safely, un- erative.

less, in the opinion of the pilot in com- (b) For the purposes of paragraph (a) mand, there is no safer procedure. In of this section, the alternate airport weather conditions must meet the re- that event, continuation toward that airport is an emergency situation.

quirements of the certificate holder’s operations specifications.

§ 125.373 Original flight release or (c) No person may release an airplane amendment of flight release.

from an airport unless that person lists (a) A certificate holder may specify each required alternate airport in the any airport authorized for the type of flight release.

airplane as a destination for the pur- § 125.367 Alternate airport for destina- pose of original release.

tion: IFR or over-the-top.

(b) No person may allow a flight to continue to an airport to which it has (a) Except as provided in paragraph been released unless the weather condi- (b) of this section, each person releas- tions at an alternate airport that was ing an airplane for operation under IFR or over-the-top shall list at least one specified in the flight release are fore- cast to be at or above the alternate alternate airport for each destination minimums specified in the operations airport in the flight release.

specifications for that airport at the (b) An alternate airport need not be time the airplane would arrive at the designated for IFR or over-the-top op- alternate airport. However, the flight erations where the airplane carries release may be amended en route to in- enough fuel to meet the requirements clude any alternate airport that is of §§ 125.375 and 125.377 for flights out- within the fuel range of the airplane as side the 48 conterminous States and specified in § 125.375 or § 125.377.

the District of Columbia over routes (c) No person may change an original without an available alternate airport destination or alternate airport that is for a particular airport of destination.

specified in the original flight release (c) For the purposes of paragraph (a) to another airport while the airplane is of this section, the weather require- en route unless the other airport is au- ments at the alternate airport must thorized for that type of airplane.

meet the requirements of the opera- (d) Each person who amends a flight tor’s operations specifications.

release en route shall record that (d) No person may release a flight un- amendment.

less that person lists each required al- ternate airport in the flight release.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00384 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.379 (b) For any operation outside the 48 § 125.375 Fuel supply: Nonturbine and turbopropeller-powered airplanes. conterminous United States and the District of Columbia, unless authorized (a) Except as provided in paragraph by the Administrator in the operations (b) of this section, no person may re- specifications, no person may release lease for flight or take off a nonturbine for flight or take off a turbine-engine or turbopropeller-powered airplane un- powered airplane (other than a turbo- less, considering the wind and other propeller-powered airplane) unless, weather conditions expected, it has considering wind and other weather enough fuel— conditions expected, it has enough (1) To fly to and land at the airport fuel— to which it is released; (1) To fly and land at the airport to (2) Thereafter, to fly to and land at which it is released; the most distant alternate airport (2) After that, to fly for a period of 10 specified in the flight release; and percent of the total time required to (3) Thereafter, to fly for 45 minutes fly from the airport of departure and at normal crusing fuel consumption.

land at the airport to which it was re- (b) If the airplane is released for any leased; flight other than from one point in the (3) After that, to fly to and land at conterminous United States to another the most distant alternate airport point in the conterminous United specified in the flight release, if an al- States, it must carry enough fuel to ternate is required; and meet the requirements of paragraphs (4) After that, to fly for 30 minutes at (a) (1) and (2) of this section and there- holding speed at 1,500 feet above the al- after fly for 30 minutes plus 15 percent ternate airport (or the destination air- of the total time required to fly at nor- port if no alternate is required) under mal cruising fuel consumption to the standard temperature conditions.

airports specified in paragraphs (a) (1) (c) No person may release a turbine- and (2) of this section, or fly for 90 min- engine-powered airplane (other than a utes at normal cruising fuel consump- turbopropeller airplane) to an airport tion, whichever is less.

for which an alternate is not specified (c) No person may release a nontur- under § 125.367(b) unless it has enough bine or turbopropeller-powered air- fuel, considering wind and other weath- plane to an airport for which an alter- er conditions expected, to fly to that nate is not specified under § 125.367(b) airport and thereafter to fly for at unless it has enough fuel, considering least 2 hours at normal cruising fuel wind and other weather conditions ex- consumption.

pected, to fly to that airport and there- (d) The Administrator may amend after to fly for 3 hours at normal cruis- the operations specifications of a cer- ing fuel consumption.

tificate holder to require more fuel than any of the minimums stated in § 125.377 Fuel supply: Turbine-engine- paragraph (a) or (b) of this section if powered airplanes other than tur- the Administrator finds that additional bopropeller.

fuel is necessary on a particular route (a) Except as provided in paragraph in the interest of safety.

(b) of this section, no person may re- lease for flight or takeoff a turbine- § 125.379 Landing weather minimums: IFR.

powered airplane (other than a turbo- propeller-powered airplane) unless, (a) If the pilot in command of an air- considering the wind and other weather plane has not served 100 hours as pilot conditions expected, it has enough in command in the type of airplane fuel— being operated, the MDA or DA/DH and (1) To fly to and land at the airport visibility landing minimums in the cer- to which it is released; tificate holder’s operations specifica- (2) Thereafter, to fly to and land at tion are increased by 100 feet and one- the most distant alternate airport half mile (or the RVR equivalent). The specified in the flight release; and MDA or DA/DH and visibility mini- (3) Thereafter, to fly for 45 minutes mums need not be increased above at normal cruising fuel consumption. those applicable to the airport when VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00385 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.381 used as an alternate airport, but in no (ii) The airplane is on an ASR or event may the landing minimums be PAR final approach and has been less than a 300-foot ceiling and 1 mile turned over to the final approach con- of visibility. troller; or (b) The 100 hours of pilot-in-command (iii) The airplane is on a nonprecision experience required by paragraph (a) final approach and the airplane— may be reduced (not to exceed 50 per- (A) Has passed the appropriate facil- cent) by substituting one landing in op- ity or final approach fix; or erations under this part in the type of (B) Where a final approach fix is not airplane for 1 required hour of pilot-in- specified, has completed the procedure command experience if the pilot has at turn and is established inbound toward least 100 hours as pilot in command of the airport on the final approach another type airplane in operations course within the distance prescribed under this part. in the procedure; and (c) Category II minimums, when au- (2) The pilot in command finds, on thorized in the certificate holder’s op- reaching the authorized MDA, or DA/ erations specifications, do not apply DH, that the actual weather conditions until the pilot in command subject to are at or above the minimums pre- paragraph (a) of this section meets the scribed for the procedure being used.

requirements of that paragraph in the (d) A pilot may execute an instru- type of airplane the pilot is operating. ment approach procedure, or continue the approach, at an airport when the [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as visibility is reported to be less than the amended by Amdt. 125–52, 72 FR 31683, June visibility minimums prescribed for 7, 2007] that procedure if the pilot uses an op- § 125.381 Takeoff and landing weather erable EFVS in accordance with § 91.176 minimums: IFR.

of this chapter and the certificate hold- er’s operations specifications for EFVS (a) Regardless of any clearance from operations, or for a holder of a part 125 ATC, if the reported weather condi- letter of deviation authority, a letter tions are less than that specified in the of authorization for the use of EFVS.

certificate holder’s operations speci- fications, no pilot may— [Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as (1) Take off an airplane under IFR; or amended by Amdt. 125–2, 46 FR 24409, Apr. 30, (2) Except as provided in paragraphs 1981; Amdt. 125–45, 69 FR 1641, Jan. 9, 2004; (c) and (d) of this section, land an air- Amdt. 125–52, 72 FR 31683, June 7, 2007; Dock- et FAA–2013–0485, Amdt. 125–66, 81 FR 90177, plane under IFR.

Dec. 13, 2016] (b) Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, no pilot may § 125.383 Load manifest.

execute an instrument approach proce- dure if the latest reported visibility is (a) Each certificate holder is respon- less than the landing minimums speci- sible for the preparation and accuracy fied in the certificate holder’s oper- of a load manifest in duplicate con- ations specifications. taining information concerning the (c) A pilot who initiates an instru- loading of the airplane. The manifest ment approach procedure based on a must be prepared before each takeoff weather report that indicates that the and must include— specified visibility minimums exist and (1) The number of passengers; subsequently receives another weather (2) The total weight of the loaded air- report that indicates that conditions plane; are below the minimum requirements, (3) The maximum allowable takeoff may continue the approach only if ei- and landing weights for that flight; ther the requirements of § 91.176 of this (4) The center of gravity limits; chapter, or the following conditions are (5) The center of gravity of the load- met— ed airplane, except that the actual cen- (1) The later weather report is re- ter of gravity need not be computed if ceived when the airplane is in one of the airplane is loaded according to a the following approach phases: loading schedule or other approved (i) The airplane is on a ILS approach method that ensures that the center of and has passed the final approach fix; gravity of the loaded airplane is within VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00386 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.405 approved limits. In those cases, an (5) Departure airport, destination air- entry shall be made on the manifest in- ports, alternate airports, and route.

dicating that the center of gravity is (6) Minimum fuel supply (in gallons within limits according to a loading or pounds).

schedule or other approved method: (7) A statement of the type of oper- (6) The registration number of the ation (e.g., IFR, VFR).

airplane; (b) The airplane flight release must (7) The origin and destination ; and contain, or have attached to it, weath- (8) Names of passengers.

er reports, available weather forecasts, (b) The pilot in command of an air- or a combination thereof.

plane for which a load manifest must be prepared shall carry a copy of the § 125.405 Disposition of load manifest, completed load manifest in the air- flight release, and flight plans.

plane to its destination. The certificate (a) The pilot in command of an air- holder shall keep copies of completed plane shall carry in the airplane to its load manifests for at least 30 days at destination the original or a signed its principal operations base, or at an- copy of the— other location used by it and approved (1) Load manifest required by by the Administrator.

§ 125.383; (2) Flight release; Subpart L—Records and Reports (3) Airworthiness release; and (4) Flight plan, including route.

§ 125.401 Crewmember record.

(b) If a flight originates at the prin- (a) Each certificate holder shall— cipal operations base of the certificate (1) Maintain current records of each holder, it shall retain at that base a crewmember that show whether or not signed copy of each document listed in that crewmember complies with this paragraph (a) of this section.

chapter (e.g., proficiency checks, air- (c) Except as provided in paragraph plane qualifications, any required (d) of this section, if a flight originates physical examinations, and flight time at a place other than the principal op- records); and erations base of the certificate holder, (2) Record each action taken con- the pilot in command (or another per- cerning the release from employment son not aboard the airplane who is au- or physical or professional disqualifica- thorized by the operator) shall, before tion of any flight crewmember and or immediately after departure of the keep the record for at least 6 months flight, mail signed copies of the docu- thereafter.

ments listed in paragraph (a) of this (b) Each certificate holder shall section to the principal operations maintain the records required by para- base.

graph (a) of this section at its principal (d) If a flight originates at a place operations base, or at another location other than the principal operations used by it and approved by the Admin- base of the certificate holder and there istrator.

is at that place a person to manage the (c) Computer record systems ap- flight departure for the operator who proved by the Administrator may be does not depart on the airplane, signed used in complying with the require- copies of the documents listed in para- ments of paragraph (a) of this section.

graph (a) of this section may be re- § 125.403 Flight release form.

tained at that place for not more than 30 days before being sent to the prin- (a) The flight release may be in any cipal operations base of the certificate form but must contain at least the fol- holder. However, the documents for a lowing information concerning each particular flight need not be further re- flight: tained at that place or be sent to the (1) Company or organization name.

principal operations base, if the origi- (2) Make, model, and registration nals or other copies of them have been number of the airplane being used.

previously returned to the principal op- (3) Date of flight.

erations base.

(4) Name and duty assignment of each crewmember. (e) The certificate holder shall: VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00387 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.407 (1) Identify in its operations manual ventive maintenance, or alteration pre- the person having custody of the copies pares or causes to be prepared— of documents retained in accordance (1) An airworthiness release; or (2) An entry in the aircraft mainte- with paragraph (d) of this section; and nance records in accordance with the (2) Retain at its principal operations certificate holder’s manual.

base either the original or a copy of the (b) The airworthiness release or records required by this section for at maintenance record entry required by least 30 days.

paragraph (a) of this section must— § 125.407 Maintenance log: Airplanes. (1) Be prepared in accordance with the procedures set forth in the certifi- (a) Each person who takes corrective cate holder’s manual; action or defers action concerning a re- (2) Include a certification that— ported or observed failure or malfunc- (i) The work was performed in ac- tion of an airframe, aircraft engine, cordance with the requirements of the propeller, or appliance shall record the certificate holder’s manual; action taken in the airplane mainte- (ii) All items required to be inspected nance log in accordance with part 43 of were inspected by an authorized person this chapter.

who determined that the work was sat- (b) Each certificate holder shall es- isfactorily completed; tablish a procedure for keeping copies (iii) No known condition exists that of the airplane maintenance log re- would make the airplane unairworthy; quired by this section in the airplane and for access by appropriate personnel and (iv) So far as the work performed is shall include that procedure in the concerned, the airplane is in condition manual required by § 125.249.

for safe operation; and (3) Be signed by a person authorized § 125.409 Service difficulty reports.

in part 43 of this chapter to perform (a) Each certificate holder shall re- maintenance, preventive maintenance, port the occurrence or detection of and alteration.

each failure, malfunction, or defect, in (c) When an airworthiness release a form and manner prescribed by the form is prepared, the certificate holder Administrator. must give a copy to the pilot in com- (b) Each certificate holder shall sub- mand and keep a record of it for at least 60 days.

mit each report required by this sec- (d) Instead of restating each of the tion, covering each 24-hour period be- conditions of the certification required ginning at 0900 local time of each day by paragraph (b) of this section, the and ending at 0900 local time on the certificate holder may state in its next day, to the FAA office in Okla- manual that the signature of a person homa City, Oklahoma. Each report of authorized in part 43 of this chapter occurrences during a 24-hour period constitutes that certification.

shall be submitted to the collection point within the next 96 hours. How- ever, a report due on Saturday or Sun- Subpart M—Continued Airworthi- day may be submitted on the following ness and Safety Improve- Monday, and a report due on a holiday ments may be submitted on the next work day.

S OURCE : Amdt. 125–53, 72 FR 63412, Nov. 8, 2007, unless otherwise noted.

[Docket 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 125–49, 70 FR 76979, Dec.

§ 125.501 Purpose and definition.

29, 2005] (a) This subpart requires operators to § 125.411 Airworthiness release or support the continued airworthiness of maintenance record entry.

each airplane. These requirements may (a) No certificate holder may operate include, but are not limited to, revising an airplane after maintenance, preven- the inspection program, incorporating tive maintenance, or alteration is per- design changes, and incorporating revi- formed on the airplane unless the per- sions to Instructions for Continued son performing that maintenance, pre- Airworthiness.

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amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt.

(9) For all models of the McDonnell 125–68, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] Douglas DC–9/MD–80, the flight cycle implementation time is 60,000 flights.

§ 125.503 [Reserved] (10) For all models of the McDonnell § 125.505 Repairs assessment for pres- Douglas DC–10, the flight cycle imple- surized fuselages.

mentation time is 30,000 flights.

(11) For all models of the Lockheed (a) No person may operate an Airbus L–1011, the flight cycle implementation Model A300 (excluding the –600 series), time is 27,000 flights.

British Aerospace Model BAC 1–11, Boe- (12) For the Fokker F–28 Mark, 1000, ing Model 707, 720, 727, 737 or 747, 2000, 3000, and 4000, the flight cycle im- McDonnell Douglas Model DC–8, DC–9/ plementation time is 60,000 flights.

MD–80 or DC–10, Fokker Model F28, or (b) [Reserved] Lockheed Model L–1011 beyond the ap- plicable flight cycle implementation [Docket 29104, 65 FR 24126, Apr. 25, 2000; 65 FR time specified below, or May 25, 2001, 50744, Aug. 21, 2000, as amended by Amdt. 125– whichever occurs later, unless oper- 36, 66 FR 23131, May 7, 2001; Amdt. 125–40, 67 FR 72834, Dec. 9, 2002; Amdt. 125–46, 69 FR ations specifications have been issued 45942, July 30, 2004. Redesignated by Amdt.

to reference repair assessment guide- 125–53, 72 FR 63412, Nov. 8, 2007; Docket FAA– lines applicable to the fuselage pres- 2018–0119, Amdt. 125–68, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, sure boundary (fuselage skin, door 2018] skin, and bulkhead webs), and those guidelines are incorporated in its § 125.507 Fuel tank system inspection maintenance program. The repair as- program.

sessment guidelines must be approved (a) Except as provided in paragraph by the responsible Aircraft Certifi- (g) of this section, this section applies cation Service office for the type cer- to transport category, turbine-powered tificate for the affected airplane.

airplanes with a type certificate issued (1) For the Airbus Model A300 (ex- after January 1, 1958, that, as a result cluding the –600 series), the flight cycle of original type certification or later implementation time is: increase in capacity, have— (i) Model B2: 36,000 flights.

(1) A maximum type-certificated pas- (ii) Model B4–100 (including Model senger capacity of 30 or more, or B4–2C): 30,000 flights above the window (2) A maximum payload capacity of line, and 36,000 flights below the win- 7500 pounds or more.

dow line.

(b) For each airplane on which an (iii) Model B4–200: 25,500 flights above auxiliary fuel tank is installed under a the window line, and 34,000 flights field approval, before June 16, 2008, the below the window line.

certificate holder must submit to the (2) For all models of the British Aero- responsible Aircraft Certification Serv- space BAC 1–11, the flight cycle imple- ice office proposed maintenance in- mentation time is 60,000 flights.

structions for the tank that meet the (3) For all models of the Boeing 707, requirements of Special Federal Avia- the flight cycle implementation time is tion Regulation No. 88 (SFAR 88) of 15,000 flights. this chapter.

(4) For all models of the Boeing 720, (c) After December 16, 2008, no certifi- the flight cycle implementation time is cate holder may operate an airplane 23,000 flights. identified in paragraph (a) of this sec- (5) For all models of the Boeing 727, tion unless the inspection program for the flight cycle implementation time is that airplane has been revised to in- 45,000 flights. clude applicable inspections, proce- (6) For all models of the Boeing 737, dures, and limitations for fuel tank the flight cycle implementation time is systems.

60,000 flights. (d) The proposed fuel tank system in- (7) For all models of the Boeing 747, spection program revisions must be the flight cycle implementation time is based on fuel tank system Instructions 15,000 flights. for Continued Airworthiness (ICA) that VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00389 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 125.509 have been developed in accordance (b) New Production Airplanes. Except with the applicable provisions of SFAR in accordance with § 125.201, no person 88 of this chapter or § 25.1529 and part may operate an airplane identified in 25, Appendix H, of this chapter, in ef- Table 1 of this section (including all- fect on June 6, 2001 (including those de- cargo airplanes) for which the State of veloped for auxiliary fuel tanks, if any, Manufacture issued the original certifi- installed under supplemental type cer- cate of airworthiness or export air- tificates or other design approval) and worthiness approval after December 27, that have been approved by the respon- 2010 unless an Ignition Mitigation sible Aircraft Certification Service of- Means (IMM) or Flammability Reduc- fice. tion Means (FRM) meeting the require- (e) After December 16, 2008, before re- ments of § 26.33 of this chapter is oper- turning an aircraft to service after any ational.

alteration for which fuel tank ICA are T ABLE 1 developed under SFAR 88, or under § 25.1529 in effect on June 6, 2001, the Model—Boeing Model—Airbus certificate holder must include in the inspection program for the airplane in- 747 Series A318, A319, A320, A321 Series 737 Series A330, A340 Series spections and procedures for the fuel 777 Series tank system based on those ICA.

767 Series (f) The fuel tank system inspection program changes identified in para- (c) Auxiliary Fuel Tanks. After the ap- graphs (d) and (e) of this section and plicable date stated in paragraph (e) of any later fuel tank system revisions this section, no person may operate must be submitted to the Principal In- any airplane subject to § 26.33 of this spector for review and approval.

chapter that has an Auxiliary Fuel (g) This section does not apply to the Tank installed pursuant to a field ap- following airplane models: proval, unless the following require- (1) Bombardier CL–44 ments are met: (2) Concorde (1) The person complies with 14 CFR (3) deHavilland D.H. 106 Comet 4C 26.35 by the applicable date stated in (4) VFW–Vereinigte Flugtechnische that section.

Werk VFW–614 (2) The person installs Flammability (5) Illyushin Aviation IL 96T Impact Mitigation Means (FIMM), if (6) Bristol Aircraft Britannia 305 applicable, that is approved by the re- (7) Handley Page Herald Type 300 sponsible Aircraft Certification Service (8) Avions Marcel Dassault—Breguet office.

Aviation Mercure 100C (3) Except in accordance with (9) Airbus Caravelle § 125.201, the FIMM, if applicable, are (10) Lockheed L–300 operational.

(d) Retrofit. Except as provided in [Amdt. 125–53, 72 FR 63412, Nov. 8, 2007, as paragraph (j) of this section, after the amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, Amdt.

125–68, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018] dates specified in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may operate an air- § 125.509 Flammability reduction plane to which this section applies un- means.

less the requirements of paragraphs (a) Applicability. Except as provided (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section are met.

in paragraph (m) of this section, this (1) Ignition Mitigation Means (IMM), section applies to transport category, Flammability Reduction Means (FRM), turbine-powered airplanes with a type or FIMM, if required by §§ 26.33, 26.35, or certificate issued after January 1, 1958, 26.37 of this chapter, that are approved that, as a result of original type cer- by the responsible Aircraft Certifi- tification or later increase in capacity cation Service office, are installed have: within the compliance times specified in paragraph (e) of this section.

(1) A maximum type-certificated pas- senger capacity of 30 or more, or (2) Except in accordance with § 125.201 (2) A maximum payload capacity of of this part, the IMM, FRM or FIMM, 7,500 pounds or more. as applicable, are operational.

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 125.509

(e) Compliance Times. The installa- office responsible for review and ap-

tions required by paragraph (d) of this proval prior to incorporation.

section must be accomplished no later (j) The requirements of paragraph (d)

than the applicable dates specified in of this section do not apply to air-

paragraph (e)(1), (e)(2) or (e)(3) of this planes operated in all-cargo service,

but those airplanes are subject to para-

section.

graph (f) of this section.

(1) Fifty percent of each person’s

(k) After the date by which any per-

fleet of airplanes subject to paragraph

son is required by this section to mod-

(d)(1) of this section must be modified

ify 100 percent of the affected fleet, no

no later than December 26, 2014.

person may operate in passenger serv-

(2) One hundred percent of each per-

ice any airplane model specified in

son’s fleet of airplanes subject to para-

Table 2 of this section unless the air-

graph (d)(1) of this section must be

plane has been modified to comply

modified no later than December 26, with § 26.33(c) of this chapter.

2017.

(3) For those persons that have only

T ABLE 2

one airplane of a model identified in

Model—Boeing Model—Airbus

Table 1 of this section, the airplane

must be modified no later than Decem-

747 Series .................. A318, A319, A320, A321 Series.

ber 26, 2017.

737 Series .................. A300, A310 Series.

777 Series .................. A330, A340 Series.

(f) Compliance after Installation. Ex-

767 Series.

cept in accordance with § 125.201, no

757 Series.

person may—

(1) Operate an airplane on which IMM

(l) No person may operate any air-

or FRM has been installed before the

plane on which an auxiliary fuel tank

dates specified in paragraph (e) of this

is installed after December 26, 2017 un-

section unless the IMM or FRM is oper-

less the FAA has certified the tank as

ational, or

compliant with § 25.981 of this chapter,

(2) Deactivate or remove an IMM or

in effect on December 26, 2008.

FRM once installed unless it is re-

(m) Exclusions. The requirements of

placed by a means that complies with

this section do not apply to the fol-

paragraph (d) of this section.

lowing airplane models:

(g) Inspection Program Revisions. No

(1) Convair CV–240, 340, 440, including

person may operate an airplane for

turbine powered conversions.

which airworthiness limitations have

(2) Lockheed L–188 Electra.

been approved by the responsible Air-

(3) Vickers VC–10.

craft Certification Service office in ac-

(4) Douglas DC–3, including turbine

cordance with §§ 26.33, 26.35, or 26.37 of

powered conversions.

this chapter after the airplane is modi-

(5) Bombardier CL–44.

fied in accordance with paragraph (d)

(6) Mitsubishi YS–11.

of this section unless the inspection

(7) BAC 1–11.

program for that airplane is revised to

(8) Concorde.

include those applicable airworthiness

(9) deHavilland D.H. 106 Comet 4C.

limitations.

(10) VFW—Vereinigte Flugtechnische

(h) After the inspection program is VFW–614.

revised as required by paragraph (g) of (11) Illyushin Aviation IL 96T.

this section, before returning an air- (12) Bristol Aircraft Britannia 305.

plane to service after any alteration (13) Handley Page Herald Type 300.

for which airworthiness limitations are (14) Avions Marcel Dassault—Breguet

required by §§ 25.981, 26.33, 26.35, or 26.37 Aviation Mercure 100C.

of this chapter, the person must revise (15) Airbus Caravelle.

the inspection program for the airplane (16) Fokker F–27/Fairchild Hiller FH–

to include those airworthiness limita- 227.

tions. (17) Lockheed L–300.

(i) The inspection program changes

[Docket FAA–2005–22997, 73 FR 42502, July 21,

identified in paragraphs (g) and (h) of

2008, as amended by Amdt. 125–57, 74 FR

this section must be submitted to the

31619, July 2, 2009; Docket FAA–2018–0119,

operator’s assigned Flight Standards Amdt. 125–68, 83 FR 9174, Mar. 5, 2018]

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) Pt. 125, App. A

(i) For an airplane for which the applica- tion for the type certificate was filed prior to May 1, 1972, each passenger emergency exit

A PPENDIX A TO P ART 125—A DDITIONAL

marking and each locating sign must be

EMERGENCY E QUIPMENT

manufactured to meet the requirements of § 25.812(b) of this chapter in effect on April 30, (a) Means for emergency evacuation. Each 1972. On these airplanes, no sign may con- passenger-carrying landplane emergency exit tinue to be used if its luminescence (bright- (other than over-the-wing) that is more that ness) decreases to below 100 microlamberts.

6 feet from the ground with the airplane on The colors may be reversed if it increases the the ground and the landing gear extended emergency illumination of the passenger must have an approved means to assist the compartment. However, the Administrator occupants in descending to the ground. The may authorize deviation from the 2-inch assisting means for a floor level emergency background requirements if the Adminis- exit must meet the requirements of trator finds that special circumstances exist § 25.809(f)(1) of this chapter in effect on April that make compliance impractical and that 30, 1972, except that, for any airplane for the proposed deviation provides an equiva- which the application for the type certificate lent level of safety.

was filed after that date, it must meet the (ii) For an airplane for which the applica- requirements under which the airplane was tion for the type certificate was filed on or type certificated. An assisting means that after May 1, 1972, each passenger emergency deploys automatically must be armed during exit marking and each locating sign must be taxiing, takeoffs, and landings. However, if manufactured to meet the interior emer- the Administrator finds that the design of gency exit marking requirements under the exit makes compliance impractical, the which the airplane was type certificated. On Administrator may grant a deviation from these airplanes, no sign may continue to be the requirement of automatic deployment if used if its luminescence (brightness) de- the assisting means automatically erects creases to below 250 microlamberts.

upon deployment and, with respect to re- (c) Lighting for interior emergency exit mark- quired emergency exits, if an emergency ings. Each passenger-carrying airplane must evacuation demonstration is conducted in have an emergency lighting system, inde- accordance with § 125.189. This paragraph pendent of the main lighting system. How- does not apply to the rear window emergency ever, sources of general cabin illumination exit of DC–3 airplanes operated with less may be common to both the emergency and than 36 occupants, including crewmembers, the main lighting systems if the power sup- and less than five exits authorized for pas- ply to the emergency lighting system is senger use.

independent of the power supply to the main (b) Interior emergency exit marking. The fol- lighting system. The emergency lighting sys- lowing must be complied with for each pas- tem must— senger-carrying airplane: (1) Illuminate each passenger exit marking (1) Each passenger emergency exit, its and locating sign; and means of access, and means of opening must (2) Provide enough general lighting in the be conspicuously marked. The identity and passenger cabin so that the average illu- location of each passenger emergency exit mination, when measured at 40-inch inter- must be recognizable from a distance equal vals at seat armrest height, on the center- to the width of the cabin. The location of line of the main passenger aisle, is at least each passenger emergency exit must be indi- 0.05 foot-candles.

cated by a sign visible to occupants ap- (d) Emergency light operation. Except for proaching along the main passenger aisle.

lights forming part of emergency lighting There must be a locating sign— subsystems provided in compliance with (i) Above the aisle near each over-the-wing § 25.812(g) of this chapter (as prescribed in passenger emergency exit, or at another ceil- paragraph (h) of this section) that serve no ing location if it is more practical because of more than one assist means, are independent low headroom; of the airplane’s main emergency lighting (ii) Next to each floor level passenger systems, and are automatically activated emergency exit, except that one sign may when the assist means is deployed, each light serve two such exits if they both can be seen required by paragraphs (c) and (h) must com- readily from that sign; and ply with the following: (iii) On each bulkhead or divider that pre- (1) Each light must be operable manually vents fore and aft vision along the passenger and must operate automatically from the cabin, to indicate emergency exits beyond independent lighting system— and obscured by it, except that if this is not (i) In a crash landing; or possible the sign may be placed at another (ii) Whenever the airplane’s normal elec- appropriate location. tric power to the light is interrupted.

(2) Each passenger emergency exit mark- (2) Each light must— ing and each locating sign must meet the fol- (i) Be operable manually from the lowing: flightcrew station and from a point in the VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00392 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 125, App. A

passenger compartment that is readily ac- trator finds that special circumstances exist cessible to a normal flight attendant seat; that provide an equivalent level of safety.

(ii) Have a means to prevent inadvertent (3) There must be access from the main operation of the manual controls; and aisle to each Type III and Type IV exit. The (iii) When armed or turned on at either access from the aisle to these exits must not station, remain lighted or become lighted be obstructed by seats, berths, or other pro- upon interruption of the airplane’s normal trusions in a manner that would reduce the electric power. effectiveness of the exit. In addition— Each light must be armed or turned on (i) For an airplane for which the applica- during taxiing, takeoff, and landing. In tion for the type certificate was filed prior to showing compliance with this paragraph, a May 1, 1972, the access must meet the re- transverse vertical separation of the fuselage quirements of § 25.813(c) of this chapter in ef- need not be considered. fect on April 30, 1972; and (3) Each light must provide the required (ii) For an airplane for which the applica- level of illumination for at least 10 minutes tion for the type certificate was filed on or at the critical ambient conditions after after May 1, 1972, the access must meet the emergency landing. emergency exit access requirements under (e) Emergency exit operating handles. (1) For which the airplane was certificated.

a passenger-carrying airplane for which the (4) If it is necessary to pass through a pas- application for the type certificate was filed sageway between passenger compartments to prior to May 1, 1972, the location of each pas- reach any required emergency exit from any senger emergency exit operating handle and seat in the passenger cabin, the passageway instructions for opening the exit must be must not be obstructed. However, curtains shown by a marking on or near the exit that may be used if they allow free entry through is readable from a distance of 30 inches. In the passageway.

addition, for each Type I and Type II emer- (5) No door may be installed in any parti- gency exit with a locking mechanism re- tion between passenger compartments.

leased by rotary motion of the handle, the (6) If it is necessary to pass through a door- instructions for opening must be shown by— way separating the passenger cabin from ⁄4 inch (i) A red arrow with a shaft at least other areas to reach any required emergency wide and a head twice the width of the shaft, exit from any passenger seat, the door must extending along at least 70 degrees of arc at have a means to latch it in open position, a radius approximately equal to ⁄4 of the and the door must be latched open during handle length; and each takeoff and landing. The latching (ii) The word ‘‘open’’ in red letters 1 inch means must be able to withstand the loads high placed horizontally near the head of the imposed upon it when the door is subjected arrow. to the ultimate interia forces, relative to the (2) For a passenger-carrying airplane for surrounding structure, listed in § 25.561(b) of which the application for the type certificate this chapter.

was filed on or after May 1, 1972, the location (g) Exterior exit markings. Each passenger of each passenger emergency exit operating emergency exit and the means of opening handle and instructions for opening the exit that exit from the outside must be marked must be shown in accordance with the re- on the outside of the airplane. There must be quirements under which the airplane was a 2-inch colored band outlining each pas- type certificated. On these airplanes, no op- senger emergency exit on the side of the fu- erating handle or operating handle cover selage. Each outside marking, including the may continue to be used if its luminescence band, must be readily distinguishable from (brightness) decreases to below 100 micro- the surrounding fuselage area by contrast in lamberts. color. The markings must comply with the (f) Emergency exit access. Access to emer- following: gency exits must be provided as follows for (1) If the reflectance of the darker color is each passenger-carrying airplane: 15 percent or less, the reflectance of the (1) Each passageway between individual lighter color must be at least 45 percent.

passenger areas, or leading to a Type I or ‘‘Reflectance’’ is the ratio of the luminous Type II emergency exit, must be unob- flux reflected by a body to the luminous flux structed and at least 20 inches wide. it receives.

(2) There must be enough space next to (2) If the reflectance of the darker color is each Type I or Type II emergency exit to greater than 15 percent, at least a 30 percent allow a crewmember to assist in the evacu- difference between its reflectance and the re- ation of passengers without reducing the un- flectance of the lighter color must be pro- obstructed width of the passageway below vided.

that required in paragraph (f)(1) of this sec- (3) Exits that are not in the side of the fu- tion. However, the Administrator may au- selage must have the external means of thorize deviation from this requirement for opening and applicable instructions marked an airplane certificated under the provisions conspicuously in red or, if red is incon- of part 4b of the Civil Air Regulations in ef- spicuous against the background color, in fect before December 20, 1951, if the Adminis- bright chrome yellow and, when the opening VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00393 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) Pt. 125, App. B

means for such an exit is located on only one

A PPENDIX B TO P ART 125—C RITERIA FOR

side of the fuselage, a conspicuous marking

DEMONSTRATION OF E MERGENCY

to that effect must be provided on the other

E VACUATION P ROCEDURES U NDER

side.

§ 125.189

(h) Exterior emergency lighting and escape (a) Aborted takeoff demonstration. (1) The route. (1) Each passenger-carrying airplane demonstration must be conducted either dur- must be equipped with exterior lighting that ing the dark of the night or during daylight meets the following requirements: with the dark of the night simulated. If the (i) For an airplane for which the applica- demonstration is conducted indoors during tion for the type certificate was filed prior to daylight hours, it must be conducted with May 1, 1972, the requirements of § 25.812(f) each window covered and each door closed to and (g) of this chapter in effect on April 30, minimize the daylight effect. Illumination 1972.

on the floor or ground may be used, but it (ii) For an airplane for which the applica- must be kept low and shielded against shin- tion for the type certificate was filed on or ing into the airplane’s windows or doors.

after May 1, 1972, the exterior emergency (2) The airplane must be in a normal lighting requirements under which the air- ground attitude with landing gear extended.

plane was type certificated.

(3) Stands or ramps may be used for de- (2) Each passenger-carrying airplane must scent from the wing to the ground. Safety be equipped with a slip-resistant escape equipment such as mats or inverted life rafts route that meets the following requirements: may be placed on the ground to protect par- (i) For an airplane for which the applica- ticipants. No other equipment that is not tion for the type certificate was filed prior to part of the airplane’s emergency evacuation equipment may be used to aid the partici- May 1, 1972, the requirements of § 25.803(e) of pants in reaching the ground.

this chapter in effect on April 30, 1972.

(4) The airplane’s normal electric power (ii) For an airplane for which the applica- sources must be deenergized.

tion for the type certificate was filed on or (5) All emergency equipment for the type after May 1, 1972, the slip-resistant escape of passenger-carrying operation involved route requirements under which the airplane must be installed in accordance with the cer- was type certificated.

tificate holder’s manual.

(i) Floor level exits. Each floor level door or (6) Each external door and exit and each exit in the side of the fuselage (other than internal door or curtain must be in position those leading into a cargo or baggage com- to simulate a normal takeoff.

partment that is not accessible from the pas- (7) A representative passenger load of per- senger cabin) that is 44 or more inches high sons in normal health must be used. At least and 20 or more inches wide, but not wider 30 percent must be females. At least 5 per- than 46 inches, each passenger ventral exit cent must be over 60 years of age with a pro- (except the ventral exits on M–404 and CV– portionate number of females. At least 5 per- 240 airplanes) and each tail cone exit must cent, but not more than 10 percent, must be meet the requirements of this section for children under 12 years of age, prorated floor level emergency exits. However, the through that age group. Three life-size dolls, Administrator may grant a deviation from not included as part of the total passenger this paragraph if the Administrator finds load, must be carried by passengers to simu- that circumstances make full compliance late live infants 2 years old or younger.

impractical and that an acceptable level of Crewmembers, mechanics, and training per- safety has been achieved. sonnel who maintain or operate the airplane in the normal course of their duties may not (j) Additional emergency exits. Approved be used as passengers.

emergency exits in the passenger compart- (8) No passenger may be assigned a specific ments that are in excess of the minimum seat except as the Administrator may re- number of required emergency exits must quire. Except as required by item (12) of this meet all of the applicable provisions of this paragraph, no employee of the certificate section except paragraph (f), (1), (2), and (3) holder may be seated next to an emergency and must be readily accessible.

exit.

(k) On each large passenger-carrying tur- (9) Seat belts and shoulder harnesses (as bojet-powered airplane, each ventral exit and required) must be fastened.

tailcone exit must be— (10) Before the start of the demonstration, (1) Designed and constructed so that it approximately one-half of the total average cannot be opened during flight; and amount of carry-on baggage, blankets, pil- (2) Marked with a placard readable from a lows, and other similar articles must be dis- distance of 30 inches and installed at a con- tributed at several locations in the aisles spicuous location near the means of opening and emergency exit access ways to create the exit, stating that the exit has been de- minor obstructions.

signed and constructed so that it cannot be (11) The seating density and arrangement opened during flight. of the airplane must be representative of the VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00394 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 125, App. C

highest capacity passenger version of that (b) Ditching demonstration. The demonstra- airplane the certificate holder operates or tion must assume that daylight hours exist proposes to operate.

outside the airplane and that all required (12) Each crewmember must be a member crewmembers are available for the dem- of a regularly scheduled line crew, must be onstration.

seated in that crewmember’s normally as- (1) If the certificate holder’s manual re- signed seat for takeoff, and must remain in quires the use of passengers to assist in the that seat until the signal for commencement launching of liferafts, the needed passengers of the demonstration is received.

must be aboard the airplane and participate (13) No crewmember or passenger may be in the demonstration according to the man- given prior knowledge of the emergency ual.

exits available for the demonstration.

(2) A stand must be placed at each emer- (14) The certificate holder may not prac- gency exit and wing with the top of the plat- tice, rehearse, or describe the demonstration form at a height simulating the water level for the participants nor may any participant of the airplane following a ditching.

have taken part in this type of demonstra- (3) After the ditching signal has been re- tion within the preceding 6 months.

ceived, each evacuee must don a life vest ac- (15) The pretakeoff passenger briefing re- cording to the certificate holder’s manual.

quired by § 125.327 may be given in accord- (4) Each liferaft must be launched and in- ance with the certificate holder’s manual.

flated according to the certificate holder’s The passengers may also be warned to follow manual and all other required emergency directions of crewmembers, but may not be equipment must be placed in rafts.

instructed on the procedures to be followed (5) Each evacuee must enter a liferaft and in the demonstration.

the crewmembers assigned to each liferaft (16) If safety equipment as allowed by item must indicate the location of emergency (3) of this section is provided, either all pas- equipment aboard the raft and describe its senger and cockpit windows must be blacked use.

out or all of the emergency exits must have safety equipment to prevent disclosure of the (6) Either the airplane, a mockup of the available emergency exits. airplane, or a floating device simulating a (17) Not more than 50 percent of the emer- passenger compartment must be used.

gency exits in the sides of the fuselage of an (i) If a mockup of the airplane is used, it airplane that meet all of the requirements must be a life-size mockup of the interior applicable to the required emergency exits and representative of the airplane currently for that airplane may be used for the dem- used by or proposed to be used by the certifi- onstration. Exits that are not to be used in cate holder and must contain adequate seats the demonstration must have the exit handle for use of the evacuees. Operation of the deactivated or must be indicated by red emergency exits and the doors must closely lights, red tape or other acceptable means, simulate that on the airplane. Sufficient placed outside the exits to indicate fire or wing area must be installed outside the over- other reason that they are unusable. The the-wing exits to demonstrate the evacu- exits to be used must be representative of all ation.

of the emergency exits on the airplane and (ii) If a floating device simulating a pas- must be designated by the certificate holder, senger compartment is used, it must be rep- subject to approval by the Administrator. At resentative, to the extent possible, of the least one floor level exit must be used.

passenger compartment of the airplane used (18) All evacuees, except those using an in operations. Operation of the emergency over-the-wing exit, must leave the airplane exits and the doors must closely simulate op- by a means provided as part of the airplane’s eration on that airplane. Sufficient wing equipment.

area must be installed outside the over-the- (19) The certificate holder’s approved pro- wing exits to demonstrate the evacuation.

cedures and all of the emergency equipment The device must be equipped with the same that is normally available, including slides, survival equipment as is installed on the air- ropes, lights, and megaphones, must be fully plane, to accommodate all persons partici- utilized during the demonstration.

pating in the demonstration.

(20) The evacuation time period is com- pleted when the last occupant has evacuated

A PPENDIX C TO P ART 125—I CE

the airplane and is on the ground. Evacuees

using stands or ramps allowed by item (3) P ROTECTION

above are considered to be on the ground If certification with ice protection provi- when they are on the stand or ramp: Pro- sions is desired, compliance with the fol- vided, That the acceptance rate of the stand lowing must be shown: or ramp is no greater than the acceptance rate of the means available on the airplane (a) The recommended procedures for the for descent from the wing during an actual use of the ice protection equipment must be crash situation. set forth in the Airplane Flight Manual.

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) Pt. 125, App. D

(b) An analysis must be performed to es- intermittent maximum icing conditions as tablish, on the basis of the airplane’s oper- described in appendix C of part 25 of this ational needs, the adequacy of the ice protec- chapter.

tion system for the various components of (c) Compliance with all or portions of this the airplane. In addition, tests of the ice pro- section may be accomplished by reference, tection system must be conducted to dem- where applicable because of similarity of the onstrate that the airplane is capable of oper- designs, to analyses and tests performed by ating safely in continuous maximum and the applicant for a type certificated model.

A PPENDIX D TO P ART 125—A IRPLANE F LIGHT R ECORDER S PECIFICATION

Accuracy sensor input to Sampling inter- Resolution Parameters Range DFDR readout val (per second) read out Time (GMT or Frame Counter) 24 Hrs .......................... ± 0.125% Per Hour ................. 0.25 (1 per 4 1 sec.

(range 0 to 4095, sampled 1 seconds).

per frame).

Altitude ...................................... ¥ 1,000 ft to max cer- ± 100 to ± 700 ft (See Table 1, 1 ........................ 5 ′ to 35 ′ tificated altitude of TSO-C51a).

aircraft.

Airspeed ................................... 50 KIAS to V so , and V so ± 5%, ± 3% ............................... 1 ........................ 1 kt.

to 1.2 V D .

Heading .................................... 360 ° ............................. ± 2 ° .......................................... 1 ........................ 0.5 ° Normal Acceleration (Vertical) ¥ 3g to + 6g ................. ± 1% of max range excluding 8 ........................ 0.01g.

datum error of ± 5%.

Pitch Attitude ............................ ± 75 ° ............................. ± 2 ° .......................................... 1 ........................ 0.5 ° .

Roll Attitude .............................. ± 180 ° ........................... ± 2 ° .......................................... 1 ........................ 0.5 ° .

Radio Transmitter Keying ......... On-Off (Discrete) ......... ................................................ 1 ........................

Thrust/Power on Each Engine Full range forward ....... ± 2% ........................................ 1 ........................ 0.2% Trailing Edge Flap or Cockpit Full range or each dis- ± 3 ° or as pilot’s Indicator ....... 0.5 ..................... 0.5% Control Selection. crete position.

Leading Edge Flap or Cockpit Full range or each dis- ± 3 ° or as pilot’s indicator ....... 0.5 ..................... 0.5% Control Selection. crete position.

Thrust Reverser Position .......... Stowed, in transit, and ................................................ 1 (per 4 sec- reverse (Discrete). onds per en- gine).

Ground Spoiler Position/Speed Full range or each dis- ± 2% unless higher accuracy 1 ........................ 0.2% .

Brake Selection. crete position. uniquely required.

Marker Beacon Passage .......... Discrete ........................ ................................................ 1 ........................

Autopilot Engagement .............. Discrete ........................ ................................................ 1 ........................

Longitudinal Acceleration ......... ± 1g ............................... ± 1.5% max range excluding 4 ........................ 0.01g datum error of ± 5%.

Pilot Input and/or Surface Posi- Full range ..................... ± 2 ° unless higher accuracy 1 ........................ 0.2% .

tion-Primary Controls (Pitch, uniquely required.

Roll, Yaw) .

Lateral Acceleration .................. ± 1g ............................... ± 1.5% max range excluding 4 ........................ 0.01g.

datum error of ± 5%.

Pitch Trim Position ................... Full range ..................... ± 3% unless higher accuracy 1 ........................ 0.3% uniquely required.

Glideslope Deviation ................ ± 400 Microamps .......... ± 3% ........................................ 1 ........................ 0.3% Localizer Deviation ................... ± 400 Microamps .......... ± 3% ........................................ 1 ........................ 0.3% .

AFCS Mode and Engagement Discrete ........................ ................................................ 1 ........................

Status.

Radio Altitude ........................... ¥ 20 ft to 2,500 ft ........ ± 2 Ft or ± 3% Whichever is ........................... 1 ft + 5% Greater Below 500 Ft and above 500 ′ .

± 5% Above 500 Ft.

Master Warning ........................ Discrete ........................ ................................................ 1 ........................

Main Gear Squat Switch Status Discrete ........................ ................................................ 1 ........................

Angle of Attack (if recorded di- As installed .................. As installed ............................. 2 ........................ 0.3% .

rectly).

Outside Air Temperature or ¥ 50 ° C to + 90 ° C ...... ± 2 ° C ...................................... 0.5 ..................... 0.3 ° C Total Air Temperature.

Hydraulics, Each System Low Discrete ........................ ................................................ 0.5 ..................... or 0.5% .

Pressure.

Groundspeed ............................ As Installed .................. Most Accurate Systems In- .

1 ........................ 0.2% stalled (IMS Equipped Air- craft Only).

If additional recording capacity is available, recording of the following parameters is recommended. The parameters are listed in order of significance: Drift Angle ................................. When available. As in- As installed ............................. 4 ........................

stalled.

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 125, App. E

Accuracy sensor input to Sampling inter- Resolution Parameters Range DFDR readout val (per second) read out Wind Speed and Direction ....... When available. As in- As installed ............................. 4 ........................

stalled.

Latitude and Longitude ............. When available. As in- As installed ............................. 4 ........................

stalled.

Brake pressure/Brake pedal As installed .................. As installed ............................. 1 ........................

position.

Additional engine parameters: EPR ................................... As installed .................. As installed ............................. 1 (per engine) ...

N ...................................... As installed .................. As installed ............................. 1 (per engine) ...

N ...................................... As installed .................. As installed ............................. 1 (per engine) ...

EGT ................................... As installed .................. As installed ............................. 1 (per engine) ...

Throttle Lever Position ............. As installed .................. As installed ............................. 1 (per engine) ...

Fuel Flow .................................. As installed .................. As installed ............................. 1 (per engine) ...

TCAS: TA ...................................... As installed .................. As installed ............................. 1 ........................

RA ..................................... As installed .................. As installed ............................. 1 ........................

Sensitivity level (as se- As installed .................. As installed ............................. 2 ........................

lected by crew).

GPWS (ground proximity warn- Discrete ........................ ................................................ 1 ........................

ing system).

Landing gear or gear selector Discrete ........................ ................................................ 0.25 (1 per 4 position. seconds).

DME 1 and 2 Distance ............. 0–200 NM; ................... As installed ............................. 0.25 ................... 1 mi.

Nav 1 and 2 Frequency Selec- Full range ..................... As installed ............................. 0.25 ...................

tion.

When altitude rate is recorded. Altitude rate must have sufficient resolution and sampling to permit the derivation of altitude to 5 feet.

Percent of full range.

For airplanes that can demonstrate the capability of deriving either the control input on control movement (one from the other) for all modes of operation and flight regimes, the ‘‘or’’ applies. For airplanes with non-mechanical control systems (fly-by- wire) the ‘‘and’’ applies. In airplanes with split surfaces, suitable combination of inputs is acceptable in lieu of recording each sur- face separately.

This column applies to aircraft manufactured after October 11, 1991.

[Docket 25530, 53 FR 26150, July 11, 1988; 53 FR 30906, Aug. 16, 1988]

A PPENDIX E TO P ART 125—A IRPLANE F LIGHT R ECORDER S PECIFICATIONS

The recorded values must meet the designated range, resolution and accuracy requirements during static and dynamic condi- tions. Dynamic condition means the parameter is experiencing change at the maximum rate attainable, including the maximum rate of reversal. All data recorded must be correlated in time to within one second.

Accuracy (sensor Seconds per Parameters Range Resolution Remarks input) sampling interval 1. Time or Rel- 24 Hrs, 0 to ± 0.125% Per 4 ........................ 1 sec ................. UTC time preferred when ative Times 4095. Hour. available. Count incre- Counts. . ments each 4 seconds of system operation.

2. Pressure Alti- ¥ 1000 ft to max ± 100 to ± 700 ft 1 ........................ 5 ′ to 35 ′ ............. Data should be obtained tude. certificated alti- (see table, from the air data computer tude of aircraft. TSO C124a or when practicable.

+ 5000 ft. TSO C51a).

3. Indicated air- 50 KIAS or min- ± 5% and ± 3% .... 1 ........................ 1 kt .................... Data should be obtained speed or Cali- imum value to from the air data computer brated airspeed. Max V , to 1.2 when practicable.

so V. .

D 4, Heading (Pri- 0–360 ° and Dis- ± 2 ° ..................... 1 ........................ 0.5 ° .................... When true or magnetic head- mary flight crew crete ‘‘true’’ or ing can be selected as the reference). ‘‘mag’’. primary heading reference, a discrete indicating selec- tion must be recorded.

5. Normal Accel- ¥ 3g to + 6g ...... ± 1% of max 0.125 ................. 0.004g.

eration range exclud- (Vertical) . ing datum error of ± 5%.

6. Pitch Attitude .. ± 75 ° ................... ± 2 ° ..................... 1 or 0.25 for air- 0.5 ° .................... A sampling rate of 0.25 is planes oper- recommended.

ated under § 125.226(f).

7. Roll Attitude .. ± 180 ° ................. ± 2 ° ..................... 1 or 0.5 for air- 0.5 ° .................... A sampling rate of 0.5 is rec- planes oper- ommended.

ated under § 121.344(f).

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) Pt. 125, App. E

The recorded values must meet the designated range, resolution and accuracy requirements during static and dynamic condi- tions. Dynamic condition means the parameter is experiencing change at the maximum rate attainable, including the maximum rate of reversal. All data recorded must be correlated in time to within one second.

Accuracy (sensor Seconds per Parameters Range Resolution Remarks input) sampling interval 8. Manual Radio On-Off (Discrete) ........................... 1 ........................ ........................... Preferably each crew mem- Transmitter None. ber but one discrete ac- Keying or CVR/ ceptable for all trans- DFDR synchro- mission provided the CVR/ nization FDR system complies with reference ............. TSO C124a CVR synchro- nization requirements (paragraph 4.2.1 ED–55).

9. Thrust/Power Full Range For- ± 2% ................... 1 (per engine) ... 0.3% of full Sufficient parameters (e.g., on each en- ward. range. EPR, N1 or Torque, NP) gine—primary as appropriate to the par- flight crew ref- ticular engine being re- erence. corded to determine power in forward and reverse thrust, including potential overspeed condition.

10. Autopilot En- Discrete ‘‘on’’ or ........................... 1.

gagement. ‘‘off’’.

11. Longitudinal ± 1g .................... ± 1.5% max. 0.25 ................... 0.004g.

Acceleration. range exclud- ing datum error of ± 5%.

12a. Pitch con- Full range .......... ± 2 ° unless high- 0.5 or 0.25 for 0.5% of full For airplanes that have a trol(s) position er accuracy airplanes oper- range. flight control breakaway (nonfly-by-wire uniquely re- ated under capability that allows either systems) . quired. § 125.226(f). pilot to operate the controls independently, record both control inputs. The control inputs may be sampled al- ternately once per second to produce the sampling in- terval of 0.5 or 0.25, as ap- plicable.

12b. Pitch con- Full range .......... ± 2 ° unless high- 0.5 or 0.25 for 0.2% of full trol(s) position er accuracy airplanes oper- range.

(fly-by-wire sys- uniquely re- ated under 3 18 tems) . quired. § 125.226(f).

13a. Lateral con- Full range .......... ± 2 ° unless high- 0.5 or 0.25 for 0.2% of full For airplanes that have a trol position(s) er accuracy airplanes oper- range. flight control break away (nonfly-by- uniquely re- ated under capability that allows either wire) . quired. § 125.226(f). pilot to operate the controls independently, record both control inputs. The control inputs may be sampled al- ternately once per second to produce the sampling in- terval of 0.5 or 0.25, as ap- plicable.

13b. Lateral con- Full range .......... ± 2 ° unless high- 0.5 or 0.25 for 0.2% of full trol position(s) er accuracy airplanes oper- range.

4 18 (fly-by-wire) . uniquely re- ated under quired. § 125.226(f).

14a.Yaw control Full range .......... ± 2 ° unless high- 0.5 ..................... 0.3% of full For airplanes that have a position(s) er accuracy range. flight control breakaway (nonfly-by- uniquely re- capability that allows either 5 18 wire) . quired. pilot to operate the controls independently, record both control inputs. The control inputs may be sampled al- ternately once per second to produce the sampling in- terval of 0.5.

14b. Yaw control Full range .......... ± 2 ° unless high- 0.5 ..................... 0.2% of full position(s) (fly- er accuracy range.

by-wire) . uniquely re- quired.

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 125, App. E

The recorded values must meet the designated range, resolution and accuracy requirements during static and dynamic condi- tions. Dynamic condition means the parameter is experiencing change at the maximum rate attainable, including the maximum rate of reversal. All data recorded must be correlated in time to within one second.

Accuracy (sensor Seconds per Parameters Range Resolution Remarks input) sampling interval 15. Pitch control Full range .......... ± 2 ° unless high- 0.5 or 0.25 for 0.3% of full For airplanes fitted with mul- surface(s) posi- er accuracy airplanes oper- range. tiple or split surfaces, a 6 18 tion . uniquely re- ated under suitable combination of in- quired. § 125.226(f). puts is acceptable in lieu of recording each surface separately. The control surfaces may be sampled alternately to produce the sampling interval of 0.5 or 0.25, as applicable.

16. Lateral control Full Range ......... ± 2 ° unless high- 0.5 or 0.25 for 0.2% of full A suitable combination of surface(s) posi- er accuracy airplanes oper- range. surface position sensors is 7 18 tion . uniquely re- ated under acceptable in lieu of re- quired. § 125.226(f). cording each surface sepa- rately. The control surfaces may be sampled alter- nately to produce the sam- pling interval of 0.5 or 0.25, as applicable.

17. Yaw control Full range .......... ± 2 ° unless high- 0.5 ..................... 0.2% of full For airplanes fitted with mul- surface(s) posi- er accuracy range. tiple or split surfaces, a 8 18 tion . uniquely re- suitable combination of quired. surface position sensors is acceptable in lieu of re- cording each surface sepa- rately. The control surfaces may be sampled alter- nately to produce the sam- pling interval of 0.5.

18. Lateral Accel- ± 1g .................... ± 1.5% max. 0.25 ................... 0.004g.

eration. range exclud- ing datum error of ± 5%.

19. Pitch Trim Full Range ......... ± 3 ° Unless High- 1 ........................ 0.6% of full Surface Posi- er Accuracy range tion. Uniquely Re- quired.

20. Trailing Edge Full Range or ± 3 ° or as Pilot’s 2 ........................ 0.5% of full Flap position and cockpit Flap or Cockpit Each Position indicator. range. control may each be sam- Control Selec- (discrete). pled at 4 second intervals, tion. . to give a data point every 2 seconds.

21. Leading Edge Full Range or ± 3 ° or as Pilot’s 2 ........................ 0.5% of full Left and right sides, or flap Flap or Cockpit Each Discrete indicator and range. position and cockpit control Control Selec- Position. sufficient to may each be sampled at 4 tion. . determine second intervals, so as to each discrete give a data point every 2 position. seconds.

22. Each Thrust Stowed, In Tran- ........................... 1 (per engine). .. ........................... Turbo-jet—2 discretes enable Reverser Posi- sit, and Re- the 3 states to be deter- tion (or equiva- verse (Dis- mined.

lent for pro- crete). Turbo-prop—1 discrete.

peller airplane).

23. Ground Spoil- Full Range or ± 2 ° Unless high- 1 or 0.5 for air- 0.2% of full er Position or Each Position er accuracy planes oper- range.

Speed Brake (discrete). uniquely re- ated under Selection . quired. § 125.226(f).

24. Outside Air ¥ 50 ° C to + 90 ± 2 ° C ................. 2 ........................ 0.3 ° C..

Temperature or ° C.

Total Air Tem- perature. .

25. Autopilot/ A suitable com- ........................... 1 ........................ ........................... Discretes should show which Autothrottle/ bination of systems are engaged and AFCS Mode discretes. which primary modes are and Engage- controlling the flight path ment Status. and speed of the aircraft.

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) Pt. 125, App. E

The recorded values must meet the designated range, resolution and accuracy requirements during static and dynamic condi- tions. Dynamic condition means the parameter is experiencing change at the maximum rate attainable, including the maximum rate of reversal. All data recorded must be correlated in time to within one second.

Accuracy (sensor Seconds per Parameters Range Resolution Remarks input) sampling interval 26. Radio Alti- ¥ 20 ft to 2,500 ± 2 ft or ± 3% 1 ........................ 1 ft + 5% Above For autoland/category 3 op- tude . ft. Whichever is 500 ft. erations. Each radio altim- Greater Below eter should be recorded, 500 ft and but arranged so that at ± 5% above least one is recorded each 500 ft. second.

27. Localizer De- ± 400 Microamps As installed. ± 3% 1 ........................ 0.3% of full For autoland/category 3 op- viation, MLS or available recommended ... range. erations. each system Azimuth, or sensor range should be recorded but ar- GPS Lateral as installed ranged so that at least one Deviation. ± 62 ° . is recorded each second. It is not necessary to record ILS and MLS at the same time, only the approach aid in use need be recorded.

28. Glideslope ± 400 Microamps As installed ± 3% 1 ........................ 0.3% of full For autoland/category 3 op- Deviation, MLS or available recommended ... range. erations. each system Elevation, or sensor range should be recorded but ar- GPS Vertical as installed. ranged so that at least one Deviation. 0.9 to is recorded each second. It + 30 ° .................. is not necessary to record ILS and MLS at the same time, only the approach aid in use need be recorded.

29. Marker Bea- Discrete ‘‘on’’ or ........................... 1 ........................ ........................... A single discrete is accept- con Passage. ‘‘off’’. able for all markers.

30. Master Warn- Discrete ............. ........................... 1 ........................ ........................... Record the master warning ing. and record each ‘red’ warning that cannot be de- termined from other pa- rameters or from the cock- pit voice recorder.

31. Air/ground Discrete ‘‘air’’ or ........................... 1 (0.25 rec- sensor (primary ‘‘ground’’. ommended).

airplane system reference nose or main gear).

32. Angle of At- As installed ........ As Installed ....... 2 or 0.5 for air- 0.3% of full If left and right sensors are tack (If meas- planes oper- range. available, each may be re- ured directly). ated under corded at 4 or 1 second in- § 125.226(f). tervals, as appropriate, so as to give a data point at 2 seconds or 0.5 second, as required.

33. Hydraulic Discrete or avail- ± 5% ................... 2 ........................ 0.5% of full Pressure Low, able sensor range.

Each System. range, ‘‘low’’ or ‘‘normal’’.

34. Groundspeed As Installed ....... Most Accurate 1 ........................ 0.2% of full Systems In- range.

stalled.

35. GPWS Discrete ‘‘warn- ........................... 1 ........................ ........................... A suitable combination of (ground prox- ing’’ or ‘‘off’’. discretes unless recorder imity warning capacity is limited in which system). case a single discrete for all modes is acceptable.

36. Landing Gear Discrete ............. ........................... 4 ........................ ........................... A suitable combination of Position or discretes should be re- Landing gear corded.

cockpit control selection.

37. Drift Angle. As installed ........ As installed ........ 4 ........................ 0.1%. .................

38. Wind Speed As installed ........ As installed ........ 4 ........................ 1 knot, and 1.0 ° .

and Direction.

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 125, App. E

The recorded values must meet the designated range, resolution and accuracy requirements during static and dynamic condi- tions. Dynamic condition means the parameter is experiencing change at the maximum rate attainable, including the maximum rate of reversal. All data recorded must be correlated in time to within one second.

Accuracy (sensor Seconds per Parameters Range Resolution Remarks input) sampling interval 39. Latitude and As installed ........ As installed ........ 4 ........................ 0.002 ° , or as in- Provided by the Primary Longitude. stalled. Navigation System Ref- erence. Where capacity permits Latitude/longtitude resolution should be 0.0002 ° .

40. Stick shaker Discrete(s) ‘‘on’’ ........................... 1 ........................ ........................... A suitable combination of and pusher acti- or ‘‘off’’. discretes to determine acti- vation. vation.

Detection. ing’’ or ‘‘off’’.

42. Throttle/power Full Range ......... ± 2% ................... 1 for each lever 2% of full range For airplanes with non-me- lever position. . chanically linked cockpit engine controls.

43. Additional En- As installed ........ As installed ........ Each engine 2% of full range Where capacity permits, the gine Param- each second. preferred priority is indi- eters. cated vibration level, N2, EGT, Fuel Flow, Fuel Cut- off lever position and N3, unless engine manufac- turer recommends other- wise.

44. Traffic Alert Discretes ........... As installed ........ 1 ........................ ....................... A suitable combination of and Collision discretes should be re- Avoidance Sys- corded to determine the tem (TCAS). status of-Combined Con- trol, Vertical Control, Up Advisory, and Down Advi- sory. (ref. ARINC Char- acteristic 735 Attachment 6E, TCAS VERTICAL RA DATA OUTPUT WORD.)

45. DME 1 and 2 0–200 NM ......... As installed ........ 4 ........................ 1 NM ................. 1 mile.

Distance.

46. Nav 1 and 2 Full range .......... As installed ........ 4 ........................ ........................... Sufficient to determine se- Selected Fre- lected frequency quency.

47. Selected baro- Full range .......... ± 5% ................... (1 per 64 sec.) .. 0.2% of full metric setting. range.

48. Selected Alti- Full range .......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 100 ft.

tude.

49. Selected Full range .......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 1 knot.

speed.

50. Selected Full range .......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ .01.

Mach.

51. Selected Full range .......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 100 ft/min.

vertical speed.

52. Selected Full range .......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 1 ° .

heading.

53. Selected flight Full range .......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 1 ° .

path.

54. Selected deci- Full range .......... ± 5% ................... 64 ...................... 1 ft.

sion height.

55. EFIS display Discrete(s) ......... ........................... 4 ........................ ........................... Discretes should show the format. display system status (e.g., off, normal, fail, composite, sector, plan, nav aids, weather radar, range, copy).

56. Multi-function/ Discrete(s) ......... ........................... 4 ........................ ........................... Discretes should show the Engine Alerts display system status (e.g., Display format. off, normal, fail, and the identity of display pages for emergency procedures, need not be recorded).

57. Thrust com- Full Range ......... ± 2% ................... 2 ........................ 2% of full range mand. .

58. Thrust target Full range .......... ± 2% ................... 4 ........................ 2% of full range.

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14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) Pt. 125, App. E

The recorded values must meet the designated range, resolution and accuracy requirements during static and dynamic condi- tions. Dynamic condition means the parameter is experiencing change at the maximum rate attainable, including the maximum rate of reversal. All data recorded must be correlated in time to within one second.

Accuracy (sensor Seconds per Parameters Range Resolution Remarks input) sampling interval 59. Fuel quantity Full range .......... ± 5% ................... (1 per 64 sec.) .. 1% of full range.

in CG trim tank.

60. Primary Navi- Discrete GPS, ........................... 4 ........................ ........................... A suitable combination of gation System INS, VOR/ discretes to determine the Reference. DME, MLS, Primary Navigation System Localizer reference.

Glideslope.

61. Ice Detection Discrete ‘‘ice’’ or ........................... 4 ........................

‘‘no ice’’.

62. Engine warn- Discrete ............. ........................... 1 ........................

ing each engine vibration.

63. Engine warn- Discrete ............. ........................... 1 ........................

ing each engine over temp.

64. Engine warn- Discrete ............. ........................... 1 ........................

ing each engine oil pressure low.

65. Engine warn- Discrete ............. ........................... 1 ........................

ing each engine over speed.

66. Yaw Trim Sur- Full Range ......... ± 3% Unless 2 ........................ 0.3% of full face Position. Higher Accu- range..

racy Uniquely Required.

67. Roll Trim Sur- Full Range ......... ± 3% Unless 2 ........................ 0.3% of full face Position. Higher Accu- range..

racy Uniquely Required.

68. Brake Pres- As installed ........ ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ ........................... To determine braking effort sure (left and applied by pilots or by right). autobrakes.

69. Brake Pedal Discrete or Ana- ± 5% (Analog) .... 1 ........................ ........................... To determine braking applied Application (left log ‘‘applied’’ by pilots.

and right). or ‘‘off’’.

70. Yaw or side- Full Range ......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 0,5 ° . ...................

slip angle.

71. Engine bleed Decrete ‘‘open’’ ........................... 4 ........................ ...........................

valve position. or ‘‘closed’’.

72. De-icing or Discrete ‘‘on’’ or ........................... 4 ........................ ...........................

anti-icing sys- ‘‘off’’.

tem selection.

73. Computed Full Range ......... ± 5% ................... (1 per 64 sec.) .. 1% of full range.

center of gravity.

74. AC electrical Discrete ‘‘power’’ ........................... 4 ........................ ........................... Each bus.

bus status. or ‘‘off’’.

75. DC electrical Discrete ‘‘power’’ ........................... 4 ........................ ........................... Each bus.

bus status. or ‘‘off’’.

76. APU bleed Discrete ‘‘open’’ ........................... 4. .......................

valve position. or ‘‘closed.

77. Hydraulic Full range .......... ± 5% ................... 2 ........................ 100 psi.

Pressure (each system).

78. Loss of cabin Discrete ‘‘loss’’ ........................... 1. .......................

pressure. or ‘‘normal’’.

79. Computer fail- Discrete ‘‘fail’’ or ........................... 4. .......................

ure (critical ‘‘normal’’.

flight and en- gine control systems).

80. Heads-up dis- Discrete(s) ‘‘on’’ ........................... 4. .......................

play (when an or ‘‘off’’.

information source is in- stalled).

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Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 125, App. E

The recorded values must meet the designated range, resolution and accuracy requirements during static and dynamic condi- tions. Dynamic condition means the parameter is experiencing change at the maximum rate attainable, including the maximum rate of reversal. All data recorded must be correlated in time to within one second.

Accuracy (sensor Seconds per Parameters Range Resolution Remarks input) sampling interval 81. Para-visual Discrete(s) ‘‘on’’ ........................... 1. .......................

display (when or ‘‘off’’.

an information source is in- stalled).

82. Cockpit trim Full Range ......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 0.2% of full Where mechanical means for control input po- range. control inputs are not avail- sition—pitch. able, cockpit display trim positions should be re- corded.

83. Cockpit trim Full Range ......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 0.7% of full Where mechanical means for control input po- range. control inputs are not avail- sition—roll. able, cockpit display trim position should be re- corded.

84. Cockpit trim Full Range ......... ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 0.3% of full Where mechanical means for control input po- range. control input are not avail- sition—yaw. able, cockpit display trim positions should be re- corded.

85. Trailing edge Full Range ......... ± 5% ................... 2 ........................ 0.5% of full Trailing edge flaps and cock- flap and cockpit range. pit flap control position flap control po- may each be sampled al- sition. ternately at 4 second inter- vals to provide a sample each 0.5 second.

86. Leading edge Full Range or ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 0.5% of full flap and cockpit Discrete. range.

flap control po- sition.

87. Ground spoil- Full Range or ± 5% ................... 0.5 ..................... 0.3% of full er position and Discrete. range speed brake se- lection.

88. All cockpit Full range ± 5% ................... 1 ........................ 0.3% of full For fly-by-wire flight control flight control Control wheel range. systems, where flight con- input forces ± 70 lbs. trol surface position is a (control wheel, Control column function of the displace- control column, ± 85 lbs. ment of the control input rudder Rudder pedal device only, it is not nec- 18 19 pedal) . ± 165 lbs. essary to record this pa- rameter. For airplanes that have a flight control break away capability that allows either pilot to operate the control independently, record both control force inputs. The control force inputs may be sampled al- ternately once per 2 sec- onds to produce the sam- pling interval of 1.

89. Yaw damper Discrete (on/off) 0.5 .....................

status.

90. Yaw damper Full range .......... As installed ........ 0.5 ..................... 1% of full range.

command.

91. Standby rud- Discrete ............. 0.5 .....................

der valve status.

For A300 B2/B4 airplanes, resolution = 6 seconds.

For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 0.703 ° .

For A318/A319/A320/A321 series airplanes, resolution = 0.275% (0.088 ° >0.064 ° ) For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 2.20% (0.703 ° >0.064 ° ) For A318/A319/A320/A321 series airplanes, resolution = 0.22% (0.088 ° >0.080 ° ) For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 1.76% (0.703 ° >0.080 ° ) For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 1.18% (0.703 ° >0.120 ° ).

For A330/A340 series airplanes, seconds per sampling interval = 1.

For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 0.783% (0.352 ° >0.090 ° ) For A330/A340 series airplanes, aileron resolution = 0.704% (0.352 ° >0.100 ° ). For A330/A340 series airplanes, spoiler resolu- tion = 1.406% (0.703 ° >0.100 ° ).

For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 0.30% (0.176 ° >0.12 ° ) For A330/A340 series airplanes, seconds per sampling interval = 1 VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00403 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR

14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) Pt. 129

For B–717 series airplanes, resolution = .005g. For Dassault F900C/F900EX airplanes, resolution = .007g.

For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 1.05% (0.250 ° >0.120 ° ) For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 1.05% (0.250 ° >0.120 ° ). For A330 B2/B4 series airplanes, resolution = 0.92% (0.230 ° >0.125 ° ).

For A330/A340 series airplanes, spoiler resolution = 1.406% (0.703 ° >0.100 ° ).

For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 0.5 ° C.

For Dassault F900C/F900EX airplanes, Radio Altitude resolution = 1.25 ft.

For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution = 0.352 degrees.

For A318/A319/A320/A321 series airplanes, resolution = 4.32%. For A330/A340 series airplanes, resolution is 3.27% of full range for throttle lever angle (TLA); for reverse thrust, reverse throttle lever angle (RLA) resolution is nonlinear over the active reverse thrust range, which is 51.54 degrees to 96.14 degrees. The resolved element is 2.8 degrees uniformly over the entire ac- tive reverse thrust range, or 2.9% of the full range value of 96.14 degrees.

For A318/A319/A320/A321 series airplanes, with IAE engines, resolution = 2.58%.

For all aircraft manufactured on or after December 6, 2010, the seconds per sampling interval is 0.125. Each input must be recorded at this rate. Alternately sampling inputs (interleaving) to meet this sampling interval is prohibited.

For all 737 model airplanes manufactured between August 19, 2000, and April 6, 2010: The seconds per sampling interval is 0.5 per control input; the remarks regarding the sampling rate do not apply; a single control wheel force transducer installed on the left cable control is acceptable provided the left and right control wheel positions also are recorded.

[Docket 28109, 62 FR 38390, July 17, 1997; 62 FR 48135, Sept. 12, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 125– 32, 64 FR 46121, Aug. 24, 1999; 65 FR 2295, Jan. 14, 2000; Amdt. 125–32, 65 FR 2295, Jan. 14, 2000; Amdt. 125–34, 65 FR 51745, Aug. 24, 2000; 65 FR 81735, Dec. 27, 2000; Amdt. 125–39, 67 FR 54323, Aug. 21, 2002; Amdt. 125–42, 68 FR 42937, July 18, 2003; 68 FR 50069, Aug. 20, 2003; 68 FR 53877, Sept. 15, 2003; Amdt. 125–54, 73 FR 12568, Mar. 7, 2008; Amdt. 125–56, 73 FR 73180, Dec. 2, 2008; Amdt. 125–60, 75 FR 17046, Apr. 5, 2010; Amdt. 125–59, 75 FR 7357, Feb. 19, 2010; Amdt. 125–62, 78 FR 39971, July 3, 2013; Docket FAA–2017–0733, Amdt. 125–67, 82 FR 34399, July 25, 2017] 129.28 Flightdeck security.

PART 129—OPERATIONS: FOREIGN

129.29 Smoking prohibitions.

AIR CARRIERS AND FOREIGN OP-

ERATORS OF U.S.-REGISTERED

Subpart B—Continued Airworthiness and

AIRCRAFT ENGAGED IN COM-

Safety Improvements

MON CARRIAGE

129.101 Purpose and definition.

129.103 [Reserved] S PECIAL F EDERAL A VIATION R EGULATION N O .

129.105 Aging airplane inspections and 97 [N OTE ] records reviews for U.S.- registered mul- tiengine aircraft.

Subpart A—General

129.107 Repairs assessment for pressurized fuselages.

Sec.

129.109 Supplemental inspections for U.S.- 129.1 Applicability and definitions.

registered aircraft.

129.5 Operations specifications.

129.111 Electrical wiring interconnection 129.7 Application, issuance, or denial of op- systems (EWIS) maintenance program.

erations specifications.

129.113 Fuel tank system maintenance pro- 129.9 Contents of operations specifications.

gram.

129.11 Amendment, suspension and termi- 129.115 Limit of validity.

nation of operations specifications.

129.117 Flammability reduction means.

129.13 Airworthiness and registration cer- 129.119 Fuel tank vent explosion protection.

tificates.

129.14 Maintenance program and minimum

Subpart C—Special Federal Aviation

equipment list requirements for U.S.-reg-

Regulations

istered aircraft.

129.15 Flightcrew member certificates.

129.201 SFAR No. 111—Lavatory Oxygen 129.17 Aircraft communication and naviga- Systems.

tion equipment for operations under IFR A PPENDIX A TO P ART 129 [R ESERVED ] or over the top.

129.18 Collision Avoidance System. A UTHORITY : 49 U.S.C. 1372, 40113, 40119, 129.19 Air traffic rules and procedures. 44101, 44701–44702, 44705, 44709–44711, 44713, 129.20 Digital flight data recorders. 44716–44717, 44722, 44901–44904, 44906, 44912, 129.21 Control of traffic. 46105, Pub. L. 107–71 sec. 104.

129.22 Communication and navigation S OURCE : Docket 1994, 29 FR 1720, Feb. 5, equipment for rotorcraft operations 1964, unless otherwise noted.

under VFR over routes navigated by pi- lotage.

S PECIAL F EDERAL A VIATION R EGULATION

129.23 Transport category cargo service air-

N O. 97

planes: Increased zero fuel and landing weights.

129.24 Cockpit voice recorders. E DITORIAL N OTE : For the text of SFAR No.

129.25 Airplane security. 97, see part 91 of this chapter.

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