Document
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 45 dbm, or that for any class of Mode S trans- equipped, use the communication formats ponder the receiver MTL for Mode S format UF = 20, 21, and 24.
(P6 type) interrogations is ¥ 74 ± 3 dbm by use (h) Mode S All-Call Interrogations: Inter- of a test set either: rogate the Mode S transponder with the (i) Connected to the antenna end of the Mode S-only all-call format UF = 11 and transmission line; verify that the correct address and capa- (ii) Connected to the antenna terminal of bility are reported in the replies (downlink the transponder with a correction for trans- format DF = 11).
mission line loss; or (i) ATCRBS-Only All-Call Interrogation: (iii) Utilized radiated signal. Interrogate the Mode S transponder with the (2) Verify that the difference in Mode 3/A ATCRBS-only all-call interrogation (0.8 and Mode C receiver sensitivity does not ex- microsecond P pulse) and verify that no ceed 1 db for either any class of ATCRBS reply is generated.
transponder or any class of Mode S trans- (j) Squitter: Verify that the Mode S trans- ponder. ponder generates a correct acquisition (d) Radio Frequency (RF) Peak Output squitter approximately once per second.
Power: (k) Records: Comply with the provisions of (1) Verify that the transponder RF output § 43.9 of this chapter as to content, form, and power is within specifications for the class of disposition of the records.
transponder. Use the same conditions as de- [Amdt. 43–26, 52 FR 3390, Feb. 3, 1987; 52 FR scribed in (c)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii) above.
6651, Mar. 4, 1987, as amended by Amdt. 43–31, (i) For Class 1A and 2A ATCRBS tran- 54 FR 34330, Aug. 18, 1989; Amdt. 43–53, 88 FR sponders, verify that the minimum RF peak 71476, Oct. 17, 2023] output power is at least 21.0 dbw (125 watts).
(ii) For Class 1B and 2B ATCRBS Tran- sponders, verify that the minimum RF peak PART 45—IDENTIFICATION AND output power is at least 18.5 dbw (70 watts).
REGISTRATION MARKING (iii) For Class 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4 and those Class 1B, 2B, and 3B Mode S transponders Subpart A—General that include the optional high RF peak out- put power, verify that the minimum RF peak Sec.
output power is at least 21.0 dbw (125 watts).
45.1 Applicability.
(iv) For Classes 1B, 2B, and 3B Mode S transponders, verify that the minimum RF Subpart B—Marking of Products and peak output power is at least 18.5 dbw (70 Articles watts).
(v) For any class of ATCRBS or any class 45.10 Marking.
of Mode S transponders, verify that the max- 45.11 Marking of products.
imum RF peak output power does not exceed 45.13 Identification data.
27.0 dbw (500 watts).
45.15 Marking requirements for PMA arti- cles, TSO articles, and Critical parts.
N OTE : The tests in (e) through (j) apply 45.16 Marking of life-limited parts.
only to Mode S transponders.
(e) Mode S Diversity Transmission Channel Subpart C—Nationality and Registration Isolation: For any class of Mode S trans- Marks ponder that incorporates diversity operation, verify that the RF peak output power trans- 45.21 General.
mitted from the selected antenna exceeds 45.22 Exhibition, antique, and other air- the power transmitted from the nonselected craft: Special rules.
antenna by at least 20 db.
45.23 Display of marks; general.
(f) Mode S Address: Interrogate the Mode S 45.25 Location of marks on fixed-wing air- transponder and verify that it replies only to craft.
its assigned address. Use the correct address 45.27 Location of marks; nonfixed-wing air- and at least two incorrect addresses. The in- craft.
terrogations should be made at a nominal 45.29 Size of marks.
rate of 50 interrogations per second.
45.31 Marking of export aircraft.
(g) Mode S Formats: Interrogate the Mode 45.33 Sale of aircraft; removal of marks.
S transponder with uplink formats (UF) for which it is equipped and verify that the re- A UTHORITY : 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40103, plies are made in the correct format. Use the 40113–40114, 44101–44105, 44107–44111, 44504, surveillance formats UF = 4 and 5. Verify 44701, 44708–44709, 44711–44713, 44725, 45302– that the altitude reported in the replies to 45303, 46104, 46304, 46306, 47122.
UF = 4 are the same as that reported in a S OURCE : Docket No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar.
valid ATCRBS Mode C reply. Verify that the 11, 1964, unless otherwise noted.
identity reported in the replies to UF = 5 are the same as that reported in a valid ATCRBS E DITORIAL N OTE : Nomenclature changes to Mode 3/A reply. If the transponder is so part 45 appear at 74 FR 53394, Oct. 16, 2009.
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) § 45.1 (2) Must be secured in such a manner Subpart A—General that it will not likely be defaced or re- § 45.1 Applicability. moved during normal service, or lost or destroyed in an accident; and This part prescribes the requirements (3) Except as provided in paragraphs for— (d) through (h) of this section, must be (a) Marking products and articles secured to the aircraft fuselage exte- manufactured under— rior so that it is legible to a person on (1) A type certificate; the ground, and must be either adja- (2) A production approval as defined cent to and aft of the rear-most en- under part 21 of this chapter; and trance door or on the fuselage surface (3) The provisions of an agreement near the tail surfaces.
between the United States and another (b) Aircraft engines. A manufacturer country or jurisdiction for the accept- of an aircraft engine produced under a ance of products and articles; and type certificate or production certifi- (b) Nationality and registration cate must mark each engine by attach- marking of aircraft registered in the ing a fireproof identification plate.
United States in accordance with part Such plate— 47.
(1) Must include the information [Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as specified in § 45.13 using an approved amended by Amdt. 45–3, 32 FR 188, Jan. 10, method of fireproof marking; 1967; Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53394, Oct. 16, 2009; (2) Must be affixed to the engine at Doc. No. FAA–2015–7396, Amdt. 45–30, 80 FR an accessible location; and 78645, Dec. 16, 2015] (3) Must be secured in such a manner that it will not likely be defaced or re- Subpart B—Marking of Products moved during normal service, or lost or and Articles destroyed in an accident.
(c) Propellers and propeller blades and § 45.10 Marking.
hubs. Each person who produces a pro- No person may mark a product or ar- peller, propeller blade, or propeller hub ticle in accordance with this subpart under a type certificate or production unless— certificate must mark each product or (a) That person produced the product part. Except for a fixed-pitch wooden or article — propeller, the marking must be accom- (1) Under part 21, subpart F, G, K, or plished using an approved fireproof O of this chapter; or method. The marking must— (2) For export to the United States (1) Be placed on a non-critical sur- under the provisions of an agreement face; between the United States and another (2) Contain the information specified country or jurisdiction for the accept- in § 45.13; ance of products and articles; and (3) Not likely be defaced or removed (b) That product or article conforms during normal service; and to its approved design, and is in a con- (4) Not likely be lost or destroyed in dition for safe operation; and, for a an accident.
TSO article; that TSO article meets (d) Manned free balloons. A manufac- the applicable performance standards.
turer of manned free balloons must [Doc. No. FAA–2006–25877, Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR mark each balloon by attaching the 53394, Oct. 16, 2009] identification plate described in para- graph (a) of this section. The plate § 45.11 Marking of products.
must be secured to the balloon enve- (a) Aircraft. A manufacturer of air- lope and must be located, if prac- craft covered under § 21.182 of this chap- ticable, where it is legible to the oper- ter must mark each aircraft by attach- ator when the balloon is inflated. In ing a fireproof identification plate addition, the basket and heater assem- that— bly must be permanently and legibly (1) Includes the information specified marked with the manufacturer’s name, in § 45.13 using an approved method of part number (or equivalent), and serial fireproof marking; number (or equivalent).
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 45.13 (e) Aircraft manufactured before March (2) Model designation.
7, 1988. The owner or operator of an air- (3) Builder’s serial number.
craft manufactured before March 7, (4) Type certificate number, if any.
1988 must mark the aircraft by attach- (5) Production certificate number, if ing the identification plate required by any.
paragraph (a) of this section. The plate (6) For aircraft engines, the estab- must be secured at an accessible exte- lished rating.
rior or interior location near an en- (7) On or after January 1, 1984, for trance, if the model designation and aircraft engines specified in part 34 of builder’s serial number are also dis- this chapter, the date of manufacture played on the exterior of the aircraft as defined in § 34.1 of this chapter, and fuselage. The model designation and a designation, approved by the FAA, builder’s serial number must be— that indicates compliance with the ap- (1) Legible to a person on the ground, plicable exhaust emission provisions of (2) Located either adjacent to and aft part 34 of this chapter and 40 CFR part of the rear-most entrance door or on 87. Approved designations include the fuselage near the tail surfaces, and COMPLY, EXEMPT, and NON–US, as (3) Displayed in such a manner that appropriate. After December 31, 2012, they are not likely to be defaced or re- approved designations also include EX- moved during normal service.
EMPT NEW, and EXCEPTED SPARE, (f) For powered parachutes and as appropriate.
weight-shift-control aircraft, the iden- (i) The designation COMPLY indi- tification plate required by paragraph cates that the engine is in compliance (a) of this section must be secured to with all of the applicable exhaust emis- the exterior of the aircraft fuselage so sions provisions of part 34. For any en- that it is legible to a person on the gine with a rated thrust in excess of ground.
26.7 kilonewtons (6000 pounds) which is (g) The identification plate described not used or intended for use in com- in paragraph (a) of this section may be mercial operations and which is in secured to the aircraft at an accessible compliance with the applicable provi- location near an entrance for— sions of part 34, but does not comply (1) Aircraft produced for— with the hydrocarbon emissions stand- (i) Operations under part 121 of this ard of § 34.21(d), the statement ‘‘May chapter, not be used as a commercial aircraft (ii) Commuter operations (as defined engine’’ must be noted in the perma- in § 110.2 of this chapter), or nent powerplant record that accom- (iii) Export.
panies the engine at the time of manu- (2) Aircraft operating under part 121 facture of the engine.
of this chapter and under an FAA-ap- proved continuous airworthiness main- (ii) The designation EXEMPT indi- tenance program; or cates that the engine has been granted (3) Aircraft operating in commuter an exemption pursuant to the applica- air carrier operations (as defined in ble provision of § 34.7 (a)(1), (a)(4), (b), § 110.2 of this chapter) under an FAA- (c), or (d), and an indication of the type approved continuous airworthiness of exemption and the reason for the maintenance program. grant must be noted in the permanent (h) Gliders. Paragraphs (a)(3) and (e) powerplant record that accompanies of this section do not apply to gliders. the engine from the time of manufac- ture of the engine.
[Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53394, Oct. 16, 2009, as (iii) The designation NON-US indi- amended by Amdt. 45–27, 76 FR 7486, Feb. 10, cates that the engine has been granted 2011; Doc. No. FAA–2013–0933, Amdt. 21–98, 80 FR 59031, Oct. 1, 2015, as amended by Amdt. an exemption pursuant to § 34.7(a)(1), 21–98A, 80 FR 59031, Dec. 17, 2015] and the notation ‘‘This aircraft may not be operated within the United § 45.13 Identification data.
States’’, or an equivalent notation ap- (a) The identification required by proved by the FAA, must be inserted in § 45.11 (a) through (c) must include the the aircraft logbook, or alternate following information: equivalent document, at the time of in- (1) Builder’s name. stallation of the engine.
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) § 45.15 (iv) The designation EXEMPT NEW § 45.15 Marking requirements for PMA indicates that the engine has been articles, TSO articles, and Critical parts.
granted an exemption pursuant to the applicable provision of § 34.7(h) of this (a) PMA articles. The manufacturer of chapter; the designation must be noted a PMA article must permanently and in the permanent powerplant record legibly mark— that accompanies the engine from the (1) Each PMA article, with the PMA time of its manufacture.
holder’s name, trademark, symbol, or (v) The designation EXCEPTED other FAA approved identification and SPARE indicates that the engine has part number; and been excepted pursuant to the applica- (2) The letters ‘‘FAA–PMA’’.
ble provision of § 34.9(b) of this chapter; (b) TSO articles. The manufacturer of the designation must be noted in the a TSO article must permanently and permanent powerplant record that ac- legibly mark — companies the engine from the time of (1) Each TSO article with the TSO its manufacture.
holder’s name, trademark, symbol, or (8) Any other information the FAA other FAA approved identification and finds appropriate. part number; and (2) Each TSO article, unless other- (b) Except as provided in paragraph wise specified in the applicable TSO, (d)(1) of this section, no person may re- with the TSO number and letter of des- move, change, or place identification ignation, all markings specifically re- information required by paragraph (a) quired by the applicable TSO, and the of this section, on any aircraft, aircraft serial number or the date of manufac- engine, propeller, propeller blade, or ture of the article or both.
propeller hub, without the approval of (c) Critical parts. Each person who the FAA.
manufactures a part for which a re- (c) Except as provided in paragraph placement time, inspection interval, or (d)(2) of this section, no person may re- related procedure is specified in the move or install any identification plate Airworthiness Limitations section of a required by § 45.11, without the ap- manufacturer’s maintenance manual or proval of the FAA.
Instructions for Continued Airworthi- (d) Persons performing work under ness must permanently and legibly the provisions of Part 43 of this chapter mark that part with a serial number may, in accordance with methods, (or equivalent) unique to that part in techniques, and practices acceptable to addition to the other applicable re- the FAA— quirements of this section.
(1) Remove, change, or place the (d) If the FAA finds a part or article identification information required by is too small or otherwise impractical paragraph (a) of this section on any to mark with any of the information aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, pro- required by this part, the manufacturer peller blade, or propeller hub; or must attach that information to the (2) Remove an identification plate re- part or its container.
quired by § 45.11 when necessary during [Doc. No. FAA–2006–25877, 74 FR 53395, Oct.
maintenance operations.
16, 2009] (e) No person may install an identi- fication plate removed in accordance § 45.16 Marking of life-limited parts.
with paragraph (d)(2) of this section on When requested by a person required any aircraft, aircraft engine, propeller, to comply with § 43.10 of this chapter, propeller blade, or propeller hub other the holder of a type certificate or de- than the one from which it was re- sign approval for a life-limited part moved.
must provide marking instructions, or [Amdt. 45–3, 32 FR 188, Jan. 10, 1967, as must state that the part cannot be amended by Amdt. 45–10, 44 FR 45379, Aug. 2, practicably marked without compro- 1979; Amdt. 45–12, 45 FR 60183, Sept. 11, 1980; mising its integrity.
Amdt. 45–20, 55 FR 32861, Aug. 10, 1990; 55 FR 37287, Sept. 10, 1990; Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53395, [Doc. No. FAA–200–8017, 67 FR 2110, Jan. 15, Oct. 16, 2009; Amdt. 45–28, 77 FR 76854, Dec. 31, 2002, as amended by Amdt. 45–26, 74 FR 53395, 2012] Oct. 16, 2009] Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 45.22 the base of operations of the aircraft; Subpart C—Nationality and and Registration Marks (3) For each flight in the United States: § 45.21 General.
(i) It is operated with the prior ap- (a) Except as provided in § 45.22, no proval of the responsible Flight Stand- person may operate a U.S.-registered ards office, in the case of a flight with- aircraft unless that aircraft displays in the lateral boundaries of the surface nationality and registration marks in areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or accordance with the requirements of Class E airspace designated for the this section and §§ 45.23 through 45.33.
takeoff airport, or within 4.4 nautical (b) Unless otherwise authorized by miles of that airport if it is within the FAA, no person may place on any Class G airspace; or aircraft a design, mark, or symbol that (ii) It is operated under a flight plan modifies or confuses the nationality filed under either § 91.153 or § 91.169 of and registration marks.
this chapter describing the marks it (c) Aircraft nationality and registra- displays, in the case of any other tion marks must— flight.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (b) A small U.S.-registered aircraft (d) of this section, be painted on the built at least 30 years ago or a U.S.- aircraft or affixed by any other means registered aircraft for which an experi- insuring a similar degree of perma- mental certificate has been issued nence; under § 21.191(d) or 21.191(g) for oper- (2) Have no ornamentation; ation as an exhibition aircraft or as an (3) Contrast in color with the back- amateur-built aircraft and which has ground; and the same external configuration as an (4) Be legible.
aircraft built at least 30 years ago may (d) The aircraft nationality and reg- istration marks may be affixed to an be operated without displaying marks aircraft with readily removable mate- in accordance with §§ 45.21 and 45.23 rial if— through 45.33 if: (1) It is intended for immediate deliv- (1) It displays in accordance with ery to a foreign purchaser; § 45.21(c) marks at least 2 inches high (2) It is bearing a temporary registra- on each side of the fuselage or vertical tion number; or tail surface consisting of the Roman (3) It is marked temporarily to meet capital letter ‘‘N’’ followed by: the requirements of § 45.22(c)(1) or (i) The U.S. registration number of § 45.29(h) of this part, or both.
the aircraft; or (ii) The symbol appropriate to the [Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45–5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12, airworthiness certificate of the aircraft 1968, as amended by Amdt. 45–17, 52 FR 34102, (‘‘C’’, standard; ‘‘R’’, restricted; ‘‘L’’, Sept. 9, 1987] limited; or ‘‘X’’, experimental) followed § 45.22 Exhibition, antique, and other by the U.S. registration number of the aircraft: Special rules.
aircraft; and (a) When display of aircraft nation- (2) It displays no other mark that be- ality and registration marks in accord- gins with the letter ‘‘N’’ anywhere on ance with §§ 45.21 and 45.23 through 45.33 the aircraft, unless it is the same mark would be inconsistent with exhibition that is displayed under paragraph (b)(1) of that aircraft, a U.S.-registered air- of this section.
craft may be operated without dis- (c) No person may operate an aircraft playing those marks anywhere on the under paragraph (a) or (b) of this sec- aircraft if: tion— (1) It is operated for the purpose of (1) In an ADIZ or DEWIZ described in exhibition, including a motion picture Part 99 of this chapter unless it tempo- or television production, or an airshow; rarily bears marks in accordance with (2) Except for practice and test fights §§ 45.21 and 45.23 through 45.33; necessary for exhibition purposes, it is (2) In a foreign country unless that operated only at the location of the ex- country consents to that operation; or hibition, between the exhibition loca- (3) In any operation conducted under tions, and between those locations and Part 121, 133, 135, or 137 of this chapter.
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) § 45.23 (d) If, due to the configuration of an may be displayed vertically on the aircraft, it is impossible for a person to vertical tail surfaces.
mark it in accordance with §§ 45.21 and (2) If displayed on the fuselage sur- 45.23 through 45.33, he may apply to the faces, horizontally on both sides of the FAA for a different marking procedure.
fuselage between the trailing edge of the wing and the leading edge of the [Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45–5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12, 1968, as amended by Amdt. 45–13, 46 FR 48603, horizontal stabilizer. However, if en- Oct. 1, 1981; Amdt. 45–19, 54 FR 39291, Sept. 25, gine pods or other appurtenances are 1989; Amdt. 45–18, 54 FR 34330, Aug. 18, 1989; located in this area and are an integral Amdt. 45–21, 56 FR 65653, Dec. 17, 1991; Amdt.
part of the fuselage side surfaces, the 45–22, 66 FR 21066, Apr. 27, 2001; Doc. No.
operator may place the marks on those FAA–2018–0119, Amdt. 45–31, 83 FR 9170, Mar.
pods or appurtenances.
5, 2018] [Amdt. 45–9, 42 FR 41102, Aug. 15, 1977] § 45.23 Display of marks; general.
(a) Each operator of an aircraft must § 45.27 Location of marks; nonfixed- display on that aircraft marks con- wing aircraft.
sisting of the Roman capital letter ‘‘N’’ (a) Rotorcraft. Each operator of a (denoting United States registration) rotorcraft must display on that rotor- followed by the registration number of craft horizontally on both surfaces of the aircraft. Each suffix letter used in the cabin, fuselage, boom, or tail the the marks displayed must also be a marks required by § 45.23.
Roman capital letter.
(b) Airships. Each operator of an air- (b) When marks include only the ship must display on that airship the Roman capital letter ‘‘N’’ and the reg- marks required by § 45.23, horizontally istration number is displayed on lim- on— ited, restricted or light-sport category (1) The upper surface of the right hor- aircraft or experimental or provision- izontal stabilizer and on the under sur- ally certificated aircraft, the operator must also display on that aircraft near face of the left horizontal stabilizer each entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or with the top of the marks toward the pilot station, in letters not less than 2 leading edge of each stabilizer; and inches nor more than 6 inches high, the (2) Each side of the bottom half of words ‘‘limited,’’ ‘‘restricted,’’ ‘‘light- the vertical stabilizer.
sport,’’ ‘‘experimental,’’ or ‘‘provi- (c) Spherical balloons. Each operator sional,’’ as applicable.
of a spherical balloon must display the marks required by § 45.23 in two places [Doc. No. 8093, Amdt. 45–5, 33 FR 450, Jan. 12, 1968, as amended by Amdt. 45–9, 42 FR 41102, diametrically opposite and near the Aug. 15, 1977; Amdt. 45–24, 69 FR 44863, July maximum horizontal circumference of 27, 2004] that balloon.
(d) Nonspherical balloons. Each oper- § 45.25 Location of marks on fixed- ator of a nonspherical balloon must wing aircraft.
display the marks required by § 45.23 on (a) The operator of a fixed-wing air- each side of the balloon near its max- craft must display the required marks imum cross section and immediately on either the vertical tail surfaces or above either the rigging band or the the sides of the fuselage, except as pro- points of attachment of the basket or vided in § 45.29(f).
cabin suspension cables.
(b) The marks required by paragraph (e) Powered parachutes and weight- (a) of this section must be displayed as shift-control aircraft. Each operator of a follows: (1) If displayed on the vertical tail powered parachute or a weight-shift- surfaces, horizontally on both surfaces, control aircraft must display the horizontally on both surfaces of a sin- marks required by §§ 45.23 and gle vertical tail or on the outer sur- 45.29(b)(2) of this part. The marks must faces of a multivertical tail. However, be displayed in two diametrically oppo- on aircraft on which marks at least 3 site positions on the fuselage, a struc- inches high may be displayed in ac- tural member, or a component of the cordance with § 45.29(b)(1), the marks Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 45.31 aircraft and must be visible from the ters ‘‘M’’ and ‘‘W’’ which may be as side of the aircraft. wide as they are high.
(d) Thickness. Characters must be [Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as formed by solid lines one-sixth as thick amended by Amdt. 45–15, 48 FR 11392, Mar. 17, as the character is high.
1983; Amdt. 45–24, 69 FR 44863, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 45–25, 72 FR 52469, Sept. 14, 2007] (e) Spacing. The space between each character may not be less than one- § 45.29 Size of marks.
fourth of the character width.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (f) If either one of the surfaces au- (f) of this section, each operator of an thorized for displaying required marks aircraft must display marks on the air- under § 45.25 is large enough for display craft meeting the size requirements of of marks meeting the size require- this section.
ments of this section and the other is (b) Height. Except as provided in not, full size marks must be placed on paragraph (h) of this part, the nation- the larger surface. If neither surface is ality and registration marks must be large enough for full-size marks, marks of equal height and on— as large as practicable must be dis- (1) Fixed-wing aircraft, must be at played on the larger of the two sur- least 12 inches high, except that: faces. If no surface authorized to be (i) An aircraft displaying marks at marked by § 45.27 is large enough for least 2 inches high before November 1, full-size marks, marks as large as prac- 1981 and an aircraft manufactured after ticable must be placed on the largest of November 2, 1981, but before January 1, the authorized surfaces. However, pow- 1983, may display those marks until the ered parachutes and weight-shift-con- aircraft is repainted or the marks are trol aircraft must display marks at repainted, restored, or changed; least 3 inches high.
(ii) Marks at least 3 inches high may (g) Uniformity. The marks required by be displayed on a glider; this part for fixed-wing aircraft must (iii) Marks at least 3 inches high may have the same height, width, thick- be displayed on an aircraft for which ness, and spacing on both sides of the the FAA has issued an experimental aircraft.
certificate under § 21.191 (d), § 21.191 (g), (h) After March 7, 1988, each operator or § 21.191 (i) of this chapter to operate of an aircraft penetrating an ADIZ or as an exhibition aircraft, an amateur- DEWIZ must display on that aircraft built aircraft, or a light-sport aircraft temporary or permanent nationality when the maximum cruising speed of and registration marks at least 12 the aircraft does not exceed 180 knots inches high.
CAS; and (iv) Marks may be displayed on an [Doc. No. 2047, 29 FR 3223, Mar. 11, 1964, as exhibition, antique, or other aircraft in amended by Amdt. 45–2, 31 FR 9863, July 21, accordance with § 45.22.
1966; Amdt. 45–9, 42 FR 41102, Aug. 15, 1977; (2) Airships, spherical balloons, non- Amdt. 45–13, 46 FR 48604, Oct. 1, 1981; Amdt.
45–15, 48 FR 11392, Mar. 17, 1983; Amdt. 45–17, spherical balloons, powered parachutes, 52 FR 34102, Sept. 9, 1987; 52 FR 36566, Sept.
and weight-shift-control aircraft must 30, 1987; Amdt. 45–24, 69 FR 44863, July 27, be at least 3 inches high; and 2004; Amdt. 45–25, 72 FR 52469, Sept. 14, 2007] (3) Rotorcraft, must be at least 12 inches high, except that rotorcraft dis- § 45.31 Marking of export aircraft.
playing before April 18, 1983, marks re- A person who manufactures an air- quired by § 45.29(b)(3) in effect on April craft in the United States for delivery 17, 1983, and rotorcraft manufactured outside thereof may display on that on or after April 18, 1983, but before De- aircraft any marks required by the cember 31, 1983, may display those marks until the aircraft is repainted or State of registry of the aircraft. How- the marks are repainted, restored, or ever, no person may operate an aircraft changed. so marked within the United States, (c) Width. Characters must be two- except for test and demonstration thirds as wide as they are high, except flights for a limited period of time, or the number ‘‘1’’, which must be one- while in necessary transit to the pur- sixth as wide as it is high, and the let- chaser.
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) § 45.33 47.51 [Reserved] § 45.33 Sale of aircraft; removal of marks.
Subpart C—Dealers’ Aircraft Registration When an aircraft that is registered in Certificate the United States is sold, the holder of 47.61 Dealer’s Aircraft Registration Certifi- the Certificate of Aircraft Registration cates.
must remove, before its delivery to the 47.63 Application.
purchaser, all United States marks 47.65 Eligibility.
from the aircraft, unless the purchaser 47.67 Evidence of ownership.
is— 47.69 Limitations.
(a) A citizen of the United States; 47.71 Duration of Certificate; change of sta- (b) An individual citizen of a foreign tus.
country who is lawfully admitted for A UTHORITY : 4 U.S.T. 1830; Pub. L. 115–254, permanent residence in the United Pub. L. 108–297, 118 Stat. 1095 (49 U.S.C. 40101 States; or note, 49 U.S.C. 44101 note); 49 U.S.C. 106(f), (c) When the aircraft is to be based 106(g), 40113–40114, 44101–44108, 44110–44113, 44703–44704, 44713, 45302, 46104, 46301.
and primarily used in the United States, a corporation (other than a cor- S OURCE : Docket No. 7190, 31 FR 4495, Mar.
poration which is a citizen of the 17, 1966, unless otherwise noted.
United States) lawfully organized and E DITORIAL N OTE : Nomenclature changes to doing business under the laws of the part 47 appear at 75 FR 41979, July 20, 2010.
United States or any State thereof.
[Amdt. 45–11, 44 FR 61938, Oct. 29, 1979] Subpart A—General § 47.1 Applicability.
PART 47—AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION This part prescribes the requirements for registering aircraft under 49 U.S.C.
Subpart A—General 44101–44104. Subpart B applies to each Sec.
applicant for, and holder of, a Certifi- 47.1 Applicability.
cate of Aircraft Registration, AC 47.2 Definitions.
Form8050–3. Subpart C applies to each 47.3 Registration required.
applicant for, and holder of, a Dealer’s 47.5 Applicants.
47.7 United States citizens and resident Aircraft Registration Certificate, AC aliens.
Form 8050–6.
47.8 Voting trusts.
[Amdt. 47–29, 75 FR 41979, July 20, 2010] 47.9 Corporations not U.S. citizens.
47.11 Evidence of ownership.
§ 47.2 Definitions.
47.13 Signatures and instruments made by representatives.
The following are definitions of 47.14 Serial numbers for unmanned aircraft.
terms used in this part: 47.15 Registration number.
Citizen of the United States or U.S. cit- 47.16 Temporary registration numbers.
izen means one of the following: 47.17 Fees.
(1) An individual who is a citizen of 47.19 Registry.
the United States or one of its posses- sions.
Subpart B—Certificates of Aircraft (2) A partnership each of whose part- Registration ners is an individual who is a citizen of 47.31 Application.
the United States.
47.33 Aircraft not previously registered any- (3) A corporation or association orga- where.
nized under the laws of the United 47.35 Aircraft last previously registered in States or a State, the District of Co- the United States.
lumbia, or a territory or possession of 47.37 Aircraft last previously registered in a foreign country. the United States, of which the presi- 47.39 Effective date of registration.
dent and at least two-thirds of the 47.40 Registration expiration and renewal.
board of directors and other managing 47.41 Duration and return of Certificate.
officers are citizens of the United 47.43 Invalid registration.
States, which is under the actual con- 47.45 Change of address.
trol of citizens of the United States, 47.47 Cancellation of Certificate for export and in which at least 75 percent of the purpose.
47.49 Replacement of Certificate. voting interest is owned or controlled