Document
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 97.3 Subpart B—Procedures Subpart C—En Route IFR Altitudes Over Particular Routes and 97.10 [Reserved] Intersections Subpart C—TERPS Procedures E DITORIAL N OTE : The prescribed IFR alti- 97.20 General.
tudes for flights over particular routes and intersections in this subpart were formerly A UTHORITY : 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40103, carried as §§ 610.11 through 610.6887 of this 40106, 40113, 40114, 40120, 44502, 44514, 44701, title and were transferred to part 95 as 44719, and 44721–44722.
§§ 95.41 through 95.6887, respectively, but are S OURCE : Docket 1580, 28 FR 6719, June 29, not carried in the Code of Federal Regula- 1963, unless otherwise noted.
tions. For F EDERAL R EGISTER citations af- fecting these routes, see the List of CFR Sec- tions Affected, which appears in the Finding Subpart A—General Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.
§ 97.1 Applicability.
§ 95.31 General. (a) This part prescribes standard in- strument approach procedures to civil This subpart prescribes IFR altitudes airports in the United States and the for flights along particular routes or weather minimums that apply to land- route segments and over additional ings under IFR at those airports.
intersections not listed as a part of a (b) This part also prescribes obstacle route or route segment.
departure procedures (ODPs) for cer- [Docket 1580, 28 FR 6719, June 29, 1963] tain civil airports in the United States and the weather minimums that apply Subpart D—Changeover Points to takeoffs under IFR at civil airports in the United States.
E DITORIAL N OTE : The prescribed COP’s for [Docket FAA–2002–14002, 72 FR 31679, June 7, Federal airways, jet routes, or other direct 2007] routes for which an MEA is designated in this part are not carried in the Code of Fed- E FFECTIVE D ATE N OTE : Amendments to eral Regulations. For F EDERAL R EGISTER ci- § 97.1 were published by Docket FAA–2023– tations affecting these routes see the List of 1275, Amdt. 60–8, 89 FR 92486, Nov. 21, 2024, ef- CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the fective Jan. 21, 2025.
Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.
§ 97.3 Symbols and terms used in pro- cedures.
§ 95.8001 General.
As used in the standard instrument This subpart prescribes COP’s for procedures prescribed in this part— Federal airways, jet routes, area navi- Aircraft approach category means a gation routes, or other direct routes grouping of aircraft based on a speed of for which an MEA is designated in this VREF, if specified, or if VREF is not part. Unless otherwise specified the specified, 1.3 V at the maximum cer- so COP is midway between the navigation tificated landing weight. VREF, V , so facilities or way points for straight and the maximum certificated landing route segments, or at the intersection weight are those values as established of radials or courses forming a dogleg for the aircraft by the certification au- in the case of dogleg route segments.
thority of the country of registry. The [Docket 10580, 35 FR 14610, Sept. 18, 1970] categories are as follows— (1) Category A: Speed less than 91 knots.
PART 97—STANDARD INSTRUMENT (2) Category B: Speed 91 knots or PROCEDURES more but less than 121 knots.
(3) Category C: Speed 121 knots or Subpart A—General more but less than 141 knots.
Sec.
(4) Category D: Speed 141 knots or 97.1 Applicability.
more but less than 166 knots.
97.3 Symbols and terms used in procedures.
(5) Category E: Speed 166 knots or 97.5 Bearings, courses, tracks, headings, radials, miles. more.
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) § 97.3 Approach procedure segments for which approach procedures and is expressed altitudes (minimum altitudes, unless in feet.
otherwise specified) and paths are pre- HAS means height above the surface scribed in procedures, are as follows— and is the height of the DA/MDA above (1) Initial approach is the segment the highest terrain/surface within a between the initial approach fix and 5,200-foot radius of the missed approach the intermediate fix or the point where point used in helicopter instrument ap- the aircraft is established on the inter- proach procedures and is expressed in mediate course or final approach feet above ground level (AGL).
course. HAT means height above touchdown.
(2) Initial approach altitude is the al- HCH means helipoint crossing height titude (or altitudes, in high altitude and is the computed height of the procedure) prescribed for the initial ap- vertical guidance path above the proach segment of an instrument ap- helipoint elevation at the helipoint ex- proach. pressed in feet.
(3) Intermediate approach is the seg- Helipoint means the aiming point for ment between the intermediate fix or the final approach course. It is nor- point and the final approach fix. mally the center point of the touch- (4) Final approach is the segment be- down and lift-off area (TLOF).
tween the final approach fix or point Hold in lieu of PT means a holding and the runway, airport, or missed ap- pattern established under applicable proach point. FAA criteria, and used in lieu of a pro- (5) Missed approach is the segment cedure turn to execute a course rever- between the missed approach point, or sal.
point of arrival at decision altitude or MAP means missed approach point.
decision height (DA/DH), and the More than 65 knots means an aircraft missed approach fix at the prescribed that has a stalling speed of more than altitude. 65 knots (as established in an approved Ceiling means the minimum ceiling, flight manual) at maximum certifi- expressed in feet above the airport ele- cated landing weight with full flaps, vation, required for takeoff or required landing gear extended, and power off.
for designating an airport as an alter- MSA means minimum safe altitude, nate airport. expressed in feet above mean sea level, Copter procedures means helicopter depicted on an approach chart that procedures, with applicable minimums provides at least 1,000 feet of obstacle as prescribed in § 97.35. Helicopters may clearance for emergency use within a also use other procedures prescribed in certain distance from the specified subpart C of this part and may use the navigation facility or fix.
Category A minimum descent altitude NA means not authorized.
(MDA), or decision altitude or decision NOPT means no procedure turn re- height (DA/DH). For other than quired. Altitude prescribed applies only ‘‘copter-only’’ approaches, the required if procedure turn is not executed.
visibility minimum for Category I ap- Procedure turn means the maneuver proaches may be reduced to one-half prescribed when it is necessary to re- the published visibility minimum for verse direction to establish the aircraft Category A aircraft, but in no case on an intermediate or final approach may it be reduced to less than one- course. The outbound course, direction quarter mile prevailing visibility, or, if of turn, distance within which the turn reported, 1,200 feet RVR. Reduction of must be completed, and minimum alti- visibility minima on Category II in- tude are specified in the procedure.
strument approach procedures is pro- However, the point at which the turn hibited. may be begun, and the type and rate of FAF means final approach fix. turn, is left to the discretion of the HAA means height above airport and pilot.
is expressed in feet. RA means radio altimeter setting HAL means height above landing and height.
is the height of the DA/MDA above a RVV means runway visibility value.
designated helicopter landing area ele- SIAP means standard instrument ap- vation used for helicopter instrument proach procedure.
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 97.20 65 knots or less means an aircraft that § 97.20 General.
has a stalling speed of 65 knots or less (a) This subpart prescribes standard (as established in an approved flight instrument approach procedures and manual) at maximum certificated land- takeoff minimums and obstacle depar- ing weight with full flaps, landing gear ture procedures (ODPs) based on the extended, and power off.
criteria contained in FAA Order 8260.3, T means nonstandard takeoff mini- U.S. Standard for Terminal Instrument mums or specified departure routes/ Procedures (TERPs), and other related procedures or both.
Orders in the 8260 series that also ad- TDZ means touchdown zone.
dress instrument procedure design cri- Visibility minimum means the min- teria.
imum visibility specified for approach, (b) Standard instrument approach landing, or takeoff, expressed in stat- procedures and associated supporting ute miles, or in feet where RVR is re- data adopted by the FAA are docu- ported.
mented on FAA Forms 8260–3, 8260–4, [Docket FAA–2002–14002, 72 FR 31679, June 7, 8260–5. Takeoff minimums and obstacle 2007] departure procedures (ODPs) are docu- mented on FAA Form 8260–15A. These § 97.5 Bearings, courses, tracks, head- forms are incorporated by reference.
ings, radials, miles.
The Director of the Federal Register (a) All bearings, courses, tracks, approved this incorporation by ref- headings, and radials in this part are erence pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 magnetic, unless otherwise designated.
CFR part 51. The standard instrument (b) RVR values are stated in feet.
approach procedures and takeoff mini- Other visibility values are stated in mums and obstacle departure proce- statute miles. All other mileages are dures (ODPs) are available for exam- stated in nautical miles.
ination at the U.S. Department of [Docket 561, 32 FR 13912, Oct. 6, 1967, as Transportation, Docket Operations, amended by Amdt. 97–1336, 72 FR 31680, June 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, West 7, 2007] Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, Washington, DC 20590, and at Aero- Subpart B—Procedures nautical Information Services, 1305 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD E DITORIAL N OTE : The procedures set forth 20910, or at the National Archives and in this subpart were formerly carried as Records Administration (NARA). For §§ 609.100 through 609.500 of this title and information on the availability of this were transferred to part 97 as §§ 97.11 through material at NARA, email: 97.19, respectively, but are not carried in the fedreg.legal@nara.gov , or go to http:// Code of Federal Regulations. For F EDERAL www.archives.gov/federal _ register/ R EGISTER citations affecting these proce- dures, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, code _ of _ federal _ regulations/ which appears in the Finding Aids section of ibr _ locations.html.
the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.
(c) Standard instrument approach procedures and takeoff minimums and § 97.10 [Reserved] obstacle departure procedures (ODPs) are depicted on aeronautical charts Subpart C—TERPS Procedures published by the FAA. These charts are available from the FAA at https:// S OURCE : Docket 8130, 32 FR 13912, Oct. 6, www.faa.gov/air _ traffic/flight _ info/ 1967, unless otherwise noted.
aeronav/digital _ products/.
E DITORIAL N OTE : The procedures for §§ 97.21 [Docket FAA–2002–14002, 72 FR 31680, June 7, through 97.37, respectively, are not carried in 2007, as amended by Docket FAA–2018–0119, the Code of Federal Regulations. For F ED - Amdt. 97–1338, 83 FR 9172, Mar. 5, 2018; Dock- ERAL R EGISTER citations affecting these pro- et FAA–2022–1355, Amdt. 97–1339, 87 FR 75846, cedures, see the List of CFR Sections Af- Dec. 9, 2022] fected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) Pt. 99 (4) Operating at true airspeed of less PART 99—SECURITY CONTROL OF than 180 knots in the Guam ADIZ.
AIR TRAFFIC (c) An FAA ATC center may exempt the following operations from this sub- Subpart A—General part (except § 99.7) on a local basis only, Sec. with the concurrence of the U.S. mili- 99.1 Applicability.
tary commanders concerned, or pursu- 99.3 Definitions.
ant to an agreement with a U.S. Fed- 99.5 Emergency situations.
eral security or intelligence agency: 99.7 Special security instructions.
(1) Aircraft operations that are con- 99.9 Radio requirements.
ducted wholly within the boundaries of 99.11 ADIZ flight plan requirements.
an ADIZ and are not currently signifi- 99.12 [Reserved] 99.13 Transponder-on requirements. cant to the air defense system.
99.15 Position reports. (2) Aircraft operations conducted in 99.17 Deviation from flight plans and ATC accordance with special procedures clearances and instructions.
prescribed by a U.S. military author- 99.19–99.31 [Reserved] ity, or a U.S. Federal security or intel- ligence agency concerned.
Subpart B—Designated Air Defense Identification Zones [Docket 25113, 53 FR 18217, May 20, 1988, as amended by Amdt. 99–14, 53 FR 44182, Nov. 2, 99.41 General.
1988; 66 FR 49822, Sept. 28, 2001; 69 FR 16755, 99.43 Contiguous U.S. ADIZ.
Mar. 30, 2004] 99.45 Alaska ADIZ.
99.47 Guam ADIZ.
§ 99.3 Definitions.
99.49 Hawaii ADIZ.
Aeronautical facility means, for the A UTHORITY : 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40101, 40103, purposes of this subpart, a communica- 40106, 40113, 40120, 44502, 44721.
tions facility where flight plans or po- S OURCE : Docket 25113, 53 FR 18217, May 20, sition reports are normally filed during 1988, unless otherwise noted.
flight operations.
Air defense identification zone (ADIZ) means an area of airspace over land or Subpart A—General water in which the ready identifica- § 99.1 Applicability.
tion, location, and control of all air- craft (except for Department of De- (a) This subpart prescribes rules for fense and law enforcement aircraft) is operating all aircraft (except for De- required in the interest of national se- partment of Defense and law enforce- curity.
ment aircraft) in a defense area, or Defense area means any airspace of into, within, or out of the United the contiguous United States that is States through an Air Defense Identi- not an ADIZ in which the control of fication Zone (ADIZ) designated in sub- aircraft is required for reasons of na- part B.
tional security.
(b) Except for §§ 99.7, 99.13, and 99.15 Defense visual flight rules (DVFR) this subpart does not apply to the oper- means, for the purposes of this subpart, ation of any aircraft- a flight within an ADIZ conducted by (1) Within the 48 contiguous States any aircraft (except for Department of and the District of Columbia, or within Defense and law enforcement aircraft) the State of Alaska, on a flight which in accordance with visual flight rules remains within 10 nautical miles of the in part 91 of this title.
point of departure; (2) Operating at true airspeed of less [Docket FAA–2001–10693, 66 FR 49822, Sept. 28, 2001, as amended at 69 FR 16755, Mar. 30, 2004] than 180 knots in the Hawaii ADIZ or over any island, or within 12 nautical § 99.5 Emergency situations.
miles of the coastline of any island, in the Hawaii ADIZ; In an emergency that requires imme- (3) Operating at true airspeed of less diate decision and action for the safety than 180 knots in the Alaska ADIZ of the flight, the pilot in command of while the pilot maintains a continuous an aircraft may deviate from the rules listening watch on the appropriate fre- in this part to the extent required by quency; or that emergency. He shall report the