Pilot's Operating Handbook

the checklist should be quickly scanned to ensure that nothing has been missed. The flight and operational characteristics of your aircraft are normal in all respects. There are no "unconventional" characteristics or opera- tions that need to be mastered. All controls respond in the normal way within the entire range of operation. All airspeeds mentioned in Sections I, II and III are indicated airspeeds. Corresponding calibrated airspeed may be obtained from the Airspeed Correction Table in Section VI. 1-1 1-2 8 EXTERIOR 7 5 Refer to inside back cover of this manual for quantities, materials, and specifications of frequently used service items. 3 INSPECTION 2 Note Visually check aircraft for general condition during walk- around inspection. In cold weather, remove even small accumulations of frost, ice or snow from wing, tail and control surfaces. Also, make sure that control surfaces contain no internal accumulations of ice or debris. If a night flight is planned, check operation of all lights, and make sure a flashlight is available. a. فيه Remove control wheel lock. b. Check ignition switch OFF. C. d. VÄR e. f. Turn on master switch and check fuel quantity indicators, then turn off master switch. Check fuel selector valve handle BOTH ON. Check fuel shutoff valve knob safety-wired to the ON position. Check baggage door for security. Lock with key if children are to occupy child's seat. Figure 2 a. 3 b. c. a. فن b. 4 a. b. (5) 6 C. d. a. b. C. d. e. Remove rudder gust lock, if installed. Disconnect tail tie-down. Check control surfaces for freedom of movement and security. Check aileron for freedom of movement and security. Check fuel tank vent opening (at wing tip trailing edge) for stoppage. Disconnect wing tie-down. Check main wheel tire for proper inflation. Before first flight of day and after each refueling, use sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank sump quick- drain valve to check for water, sediment, and proper fuel grade. Visually check fuel quantity for desired level; then check fuel filler cap secure and vent unobstructed. Inspect flight instrument static source opening on side of fuse- lage for stoppage (both sides). Check oil level. Do not operate with less than six quarts. Fill to eight quarts for extended flight. Before first flight of the day and after each refueling, pull out strainer drain knob for about four seconds to clear fuel strainer of possible water and sediment. Check strainer drain closed. If water is observed, the fuel system may contain additional water, and further draining of the system at the strainer, fuel tank sumps, fuel selector valve drain plug, fuel vent line drain plugs, and fuel reservoir quick-drain valve will be necessary. Check propeller and spinner for nicks and security, and propeller for oil leaks. Check carburetor air filter (inside left nose cap opening). f. Check landing light for condition and cleanliness. TUUN g. Check nose wheel strut and tire for proper inflation. Disconnect tie-down rope. h. a. Check main wheel tire for proper inflation. b. Before first flight of day and after each refueling, use sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank sump quick- drain valve to check for water, sediment, and proper fuel grade. Visually check fuel quantity for desired level; then check fuel filler cap secure and vent unobstructed. C. 7 a. b. 8 1-1. c. a. b. Check stall warning vent opening for stoppage. Remove pitot tube cover, if installed, and check pitot tube opening for stoppage. Disconnect wing tie-down. Check fuel tank vent opening (at wing tip trailing edge) for stoppage. Check aileron for freedom of movement and security. 1-3 BEFORE STARTING ENGINE. (1) Exterior Preflight - COMPLETE. (2) Seats, Belts, Shoulder Harnesses -- ADJUST and LOCK. (3) Fuel Selector Valve -- BOTH ON. (4) Fuel Shutoff Valve -- ON. (5) Radios, Autopilot, Electrical Equipment - OFF. (6) Brakes - TEST and SET. (7) Cowl Flaps -- OPEN. STARTING ENGINE. (1) Mixture - RICH. (2) Propeller -- HIGH RPM. (3) Carburetor Heat - COLD. (4) Master Switch -- ON. (5) Prime AS REQUIRED (1 to 6 strokes; none if engine is warm). (6) Throttle - OPEN 1/2 INCH. (7) Propeller Area -- CLEAR. (8) Ignition Switch -- START (release when engine starts). (9) Oil Pressure -- CHECK. BEFORE TAKE-OFF. 1-4 (1) Parking Brake - SET. (2) Cabin Doors - CLOSED and LOCKED. (3) Flight Controls - FREE and CORRECT. (4) Stabilator and Rudder Trim -- TAKE-OFF. (5) Fuel Selector Valve -- BOTH ON. (6) Mixture - RICH (below 3000 ft.). (7) Auxiliary Fuel Pump -- CHECK (then OFF). NOTE Gravity feed will normally supply satisfactory fuel flow if the engine-driven fuel pump should fail. However, if fuel pressure drops below 2 PSI, use the auxiliary fuel pump. (8) Throttle -- 1800 RPM. a. Magnetos CHECK (RPM drop should not exceed 150 RPM on either magneto or 50 RPM differential between magnetos). b. Propeller -- CYCLE from high to low RPM; return to high RPM. C. Carburetor Heat - CHECK for RPM drop. d. Engine Instruments and Ammeter -- CHECK. e. Suction Gage -- CHECK. (9) Flight Instruments and Radios -- SET. (10) Navigation Lights, Flashing Beacon, and Optional Strobe Lights ON (as required). (11) Throttle Friction Lock (12) Wing Flaps -0° 15°. - ADJUST. TAKE-OFF. NORMAL TAKE-OFF. (1) Wing Flaps -- 0° to 10° (10° preferred). (2) Carburetor Heat -- - COLD. (3) Power FULL THROTTLE (applied smoothly) and 2700 RPM. (4) Airplane Attitude -- LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 60 MPH. (5) Climb Speed -- 75 to 85 MPH. (6) Wing Flaps -- RETRACT (if extended). MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKE-OFF. (1) Wing Flaps -- 15°. (2) Carburetor Heat -- COLD. (3) Brakes -- APPLY. - (4) Power FULL THROTTLE (applied smoothly) and 2700 RPM. (5) Mixture LEAN for maximum power (above 3000 feet elevation). (6) Brakes -- RELEASE. (7) Airplane Attitude -- SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW. (8) Climb Speed -- 69 MPH (until all obstacles are cleared). (9) Wing Flaps -- RETRACT slowly after obstacles are cleared. ENROUTE CLIMB. NORMAL CLIMB. (1) Airspeed -- 90 to 100 MPH. (2) Power 24 INCHES Hg to FULL THROTTLE, and 2500 to 2700 RPM. -- 1-5 (3) Mixture -- FULL RICH (mixture may be leaned above 3000 feet). (4) Cowl Flaps -- OPEN as required. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB. (1) Airspeed (2) Power (3) Mixture -- -- 92 MPH at sea level to 83 MPH at 10, 000 feet. FULL THROTTLE and 2700 RPM. (4) Cowl Flaps FULL RICH (mixture may be leaned above 3000 feet.) FULL OPEN. CRUISING. (1) Power 15 to 24 INCHES Hg and 2100 to 2700 RPM. Select combination to give no more than 75% power). (2) Stabilator and Rudder Trim -- ADJUST. (3) Mixture -- LEAN. (4) Cowl Flaps CLOSED. LET-DOWN. (1) Power AS DESIRED. NOTE With less than 10 inches of manifold pressure, avoid continuous operation between 1700 and 1900 RPM. (2) Mixture -- RICH (or lean for smooth engine operation). (3) Carburetor Heat - AS REQUIRED to prevent carburetor icing. -- BEFORE LANDING. 1-6 (1) Fuel Selector Valve (2) Mixture -- RICH. (3) Carburetor Heat -- -- BOTH ON. ON (apply full heat before closing throttle). (4) Propeller HIGH RPM (full in). (5) Airspeed - 80-90 MPH (flaps UP). (6) Wing Flaps - below 105 MPH). -- AS DESIRED (0° to 10° below 130 MPH, 10° to 30° (7) Airspeed -- - 70 80 MPH (flaps DOWN). (8) Stabilator and Rudder Trim -- ADJUST. BALKED LANDING. (1) Power FULL THROTTLE and 2700 RPM. (2) Carburetor Heat -- COLD. (3) Wing Flaps -- RETRACT to 20°. (4) Airspeed -- 75 MPH. (5) Wing Flaps -- RETRACT slowly. (6) Cowl Flaps -- OPEN. NORMAL LANDING. (1) Touchdown -- MAIN WHEELS FIRST. (2) Landing Roll -- LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY. (3) Braking - MINIMUM REQUIRED. AFTER LANDING. (1) Wing Flaps - UP. (2) Carburetor Heat -- COLD. (3) Cowl Flaps -- OPEN. SECURING AIRCRAFT. (1) Parking Brake -- SET. (2) Radios, Electrical Equipment, Autopilot OFF. (3) Mixture - IDLE CUT-OFF. (4) Ignition Switch -- OFF. (5) Master Switch -- OFF. (6) Control Lock -- INSTALL. (7) Fuel Selector Valve -- RIGHT. 1-7 1-8 INSTRUMENT PANEL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 0000000 BDI 11431 18 19 20 50000000000000000 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 32 22222 25 24 23 22 21 26 27 1. Static Pressure Alternate Source Valve (Opt.) 2. Suction Gage (Opt.) 3. Fuel Pressure Gage 4. Marker Beacon Indicator Lights and Switches (Opt.) 5. Over-Voltage Warning Light 6. Cylinder Head Temperature, Left Fuel Quantity Indicator, Ammeter and Oil Pressure Gages 7. Flight Instrument Group 8. Right Fuel Quantity Indicator and Oil Temperature Gage 9. Manifold Pressure Gage 10. Radio Selector Switches (Opt.) 11. No. 1 LOC Reversed Indicator Light (Opt.) 31 30 12. Tachometer 13. No. 2 LOC Reversed Indicator Light (Opt.) 14. Rear View Mirror (Opt.) 15. Radios (Opt.) 16. Autopilot Control Unit (Opt.) 17. Economy Mixture Indicator (Opt.) 18. Wing Flap Switch and Position Indicator 19. Transponder (Opt.) 20. Map Compartment 21. Circuit Breakers 22. Defroster Control Knob 23. Cabin Air Heat Control Knob 24. Mixture Control Knob 25. Propeller Control Knob 26. Throttle (With Friction Lock) 28 29 27. Rudder Trim Control Wheel 28. Cowl Flap Control Lever 29. Microphone (Opt.) 30. Cigar Lighter 31. Ashtray 32. Carburetor Heat Control Knob 33. Fuel Shutoff Valve Control Knob: 34. Stabilator Trim Control Wheel 35. Electrical Switches 36. Parking Brake Handle 37. Instrument and Radio Dial Light Rheostats 38. Ignition Switch 39. Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch 40. Master Switch 41. Phone and Auxiliary Mike Jacks 42. Primer Figure 2-1. Section II DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING DETAILS The following paragraphs describe the systems and equipment whose function and operation is not obvious when sitting in the aircraft. This section also covers in somewhat greater detail some of the items listed in Checklist form in Section I that require further explanation. FUEL SYSTEM. Fuel is supplied to the engine from two integral fuel tanks, one in each wing. With the selector on BOTH, the total usable fuel for all flight conditions is 49 gallons for the standard tanks when completely filled. Special wings with long range fuel tanks are available to replace the stan- dard wings and fuel tanks for greater endurance and range. When these are installed, the total usable fuel for all flight conditions is 60 gallons. NOTE With full cabin loading with either standard or long range tanks it will normally be necessary to reduce the fuel load to keep the aircraft within approved weight limits. Refer to Section IV for weight and balance control pro- cedures. A 22 gallon capacity mark, in the form of a series of small holes inside the filler neck, is provided on all tanks to facilitate fueling to reduced fuel loads. When both tanks are fueled to this marker, the total usable fuel is 43 gallons with either the standard or long range tank installations. Fuel from each wing fuel tank flows through a selector valve, small reservoir, and fuel shutoff valve to the fuel strainer. From here, it is routed to an engine-driven pump which delivers the fuel under pressure to the carburetor. An electric auxiliary fuel pump parallels the engine- driven pump and is used when fuel pressure drops below 2 psi. It is not necessary to have the auxiliary pump operating during normal take-off and landing, since gravity feed will supply adequate fuel flow to the carburetor 2-1 2-2 FUEL SYSTEM VENTED FILLER CAPS SCHEMATIC LEFT FUEL TANK SELECTOR VALVE RIGHT FUEL TANK VENT VENT TO ENGINE PRIMER FUEL RESERVOIR FUEL SHUTOFF VALVE ENGINE AUXILIARY FUEL PUMP SWITCH #00 THROTTLE FUEL STRAINER AUXILIARY FUEL PUMP FUEL SHUTOFF VALVE KNOB STRAINER DRAIN KNOB ENGINE-DRIVEN FUEL PUMP FUEL PRESSURE GAGE CARBURETOR MIXTURE CONTROL TO ENSURE MAXIMUM FUEL CAPACITY WHEN REFUELING, PLACE THE FUEL SELECTOR VALVE IN EITHER "LEFT" OR "RIGHT" POSITION TO PREVENT CROSS-FEEDING. TO ENGINE CYLINDERS CODE FUEL SUPPLY VENT MECHANICAL LINKAGE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION Figure 2-2.