Weight & Balance for Cessna 177 Cardinal

Check ignition switch "OFF.' C. 2 3 4 5 6 (7) 8 d. DOE e. f. a. b. C. a. b. a. b. jij C. a. b. C. d. J3Q e. f. a. b. a. b. C. a. b. 11 Turn master switch "ON" and check fuel quantity indicators, then turn master switch "OFF." Check fuel selector valve handle "BOTH ON.” Check fuel shutoff valve knob safety-wired to the "ON" position. Check baggage door for security. Lock with key if children are to occupy child's seat. Remove rudder gust lock, if installed. Disconnect tail tie-down. Check control surfaces for freedom of movement and security. Check aileron for freedom of movement and security. Check fuel bay vent opening (at wing tip trailing edge) for stoppage. Disconnect wing tie-down. Check main wheel tire for proper inflation. Visually check fuel quantity, then check fuel filler cap secure. Check oil level. Do not operate with less than six quarts. Fill to eight quarts for extended flight. Before first flight of day and after each refueling, pull out strainer drain knob for about four seconds to clear fuel strainer of possible water and sediment. Check strainer drain closed. If water is observed, there is a possibility that the fuel bay sumps contain water. Thus, the drain plugs in the fuel bay sumps, fuel selector valve, fuel vent line, and fuel reservoir should be removed to check for presence of water. Check propeller and spinner for nicks and security, and propeller for oil leaks. Check nose wheel strut and tire for proper inflation. Disconnect tie-down rope. Inspect flight instrument static source opening on side of fuselage for stoppage. (both sides). Check main wheel tire for proper inflation. Visually check fuel quantity, then check fuel filler cap secure. Check stall warning vent opening for stoppage. Remove pitot tube cover, if installed, and check pitot tube opening for stoppage. Disconnect wing tie-down. Check fuel bay vent opening (at wing tip trailing edge) for stoppage. Check aileron for freedom of movement and security. 1-1. 1-3 STARTING THE ENGINE. (1) Mixture -- Rich. (2) Propeller -- High RPM. (3) Carburetor Heat -- (4) Master Switch Cold. "ON." -- (5) Primer -- 1 to 6 strokes (depending on temperature; none re- required when engine is warm). Primer locked. (6) Throttle -- Open 1/2 inch. (7) Propeller Area -- Clear. (8) Ignition Switch "START, starts. (9) Oil Pressure -- -- Check. " release to "BOTH" when engine BEFORE TAKE-OFF. 1-4 (1) Parking Brake (2) Cabin Doors -- (3) Flight Controls -- Set. Closed and locked. -- Check for free and correct movement. Take-off setting. -- -- "BOTH ON." (4) Stabilator and Rudder Trim (5) Fuel Selector Valve (6) Throttle Setting 1800 RPM. (7) Engine Instruments and Ammeter (8) Carburetor Heat (9) Magnetos -- -- -- Check. Check operation. Check (RPM drop should not exceed 150 RPM on either magneto or 50 RPM differential between magnetos). (10) Propeller (full in). -- Cycle from high to low RPM; return to high RPM (11) Auxiliary Fuel Pump 0 û Check operation. NOTE Gravity feed will normally supply satisfactory fuel flow if the engine-driven fuel pump should fail. However, if fuel pressure drops below 2 psi, use the auxiliary fuel pump. -- (12) Suction Gage Check (4.6 to 5.4 inches of mercury). (13) Flight Instruments and Radios -- Set. (14) Navigation Lights, Flashing Beacon and Optional Strobe Lights -- "ON", as required. , (15) Optional Autopilot or Wing Leveler -- "OFF." TAKE-OFF. NORMAL TAKE-OFF. (1) Wing Flaps -- 0° to 10° (10° preferred). (2) Carburetor Heat Cold. (3) Power -- -- Full throttle (applied smoothly), and 2700 RPM. (4) Airplane Attitude -- Lift nose wheel at 60 MPH. (5) Climb Speed -- 75 to 85 MPH. (6) Retract flaps (if extended). MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKE-OFF. (1) Wing Flaps 15°. (2) Carburetor Heat Cold. (3) Brakes · Apply. -- (4) Power - Full throttle (applied smoothly) and 2700 RPM. (5) Mixture (6) Brakes -- -- Lean for maximum power (above 3000 foot elevation). Release. (7) Airplane Attitude (8) Climb Speed - -- -- Slightly tail low. 69 MPH until all obstacles are cleared, then set up climb speed as shown in "MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB" check list. (9) Wing Flaps -- Retract slowly after obstacles are cleared. CLIMB. NORMAL CLIMB. (1) Airspeed (2) Power -- -- 90 to 100 MPH. Manifold pressure 2500 to 2700 RPM. (3) Mixture -- - 24 inches to full throttle, and Full rich (mixture may be leaned above 3000 feet). (4) Cowl Flaps - Open as required. -- MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB. (1) Airspeed 92 MPH at sea level to 83 MPH at 10,000 feet. (2) Power (3) (4) Mixture -- -- Full throttle and 2700 RPM. Cowl Flaps Full rich (mixture may be leaned above 3000 feet.) Full "OPEN. " 1-5 CRUISING. -- (1) Power - 2100 to 2500 RPM and 15 to 24 inches of manifold pressure. Select combination to give no more than 75% power. (2) Stabilator and Rudder Trim -- Adjust. (3) Mixture -- (4) Cowl Flaps Lean. -- - Closed. LET-DOWN. - (1) Mixture Rich, or lean for smooth engine operation. (2) Power As desired. -- NOTE With less than 10 inches of manifold pressure, avoid contin- uous operation between 1700 and 1900 RPM. (3) Carburetor Heat -- As required to prevent carburetor icing. BEFORE LANDING. (1) Fuel Selector "BOTH ON." -- (2) Mixture Rich. -- (3) Propeller -- High RPM (Full in). (4) Carburetor Heat (5) Airspeed -- (6) Wing Flaps below 105 MPH). -- Apply full heat before closing throttle. 80 to 90 MPH (Flaps up). -- As desired (0° to 10° below 130 MPH, 10° to 30° (7) Airspeed -- 70 to 80 MPH (Flaps down). (8) Stabilator and Rudder Trim -- Adjust. BALKED LANDING (GO-AROUND). (1) Power Full throttle and 2700 RPM. -- (2) Carburetor Heat - - Cold. (3) Wing Flaps Retract to 20°. -- (4) Upon reaching an airspeed of approximately 75 MPH, retract flaps slowly. 1-6 NORMAL LANDING. (1) Touchdown -- (2) Landing Roll Main wheels first. -- Lower nose wheel gently. (3) Braking -- Minimum required. AFTER LANDING. (1) Wing Flaps -- Up. (2) Carburetor Heat -- Cold. (3) Cowl Flaps Open. SECURING AIRCRAFT. (1) Parking Brake -- Set. -- "OFF." (2) Radios and Electrical Equipment (3) Mixture Idle cut-off (pulled full out). (4) Ignition and Master Switch "OFF." (5) Control Lock -- Installed. -- (6) Fuel Selector Valve Handle -- "RIGHT.' NOTE When parking the aircraft with full fuel bays on an inclined parking ramp, a significant amount of fuel could seep through the bleed hole in the fuel line check valve of the depressed wing during an overnight tie-down. To minimize fuel loss during this condition, the fuel bay capacity in the low wing should be limited to 22 gallons, (indicated by a series of holes inside the filler neck); in addition, the fuel selector valve should be placed in the "RIGHT" position to prevent cross- flow transfer from the fuel bay in the high wing. The fuel levels should be checked visually and replenished as required before starting an extended cross-country flight. 1-7 INSTRUMENT PANEL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 23 22 21 20 19 31 24 30 25 29 -26 28 1-8 1. Static Pressure Alternate Source Valve (Opt.) 2. Suction Gage (Opt.) 3. Marker Beacon Lights and Switches (Opt.) 4. Boom Microphone Keying Switch (Opt.) 5. Fuel Pressure Gage 6. Cylinder Head Temperature, Left Fuel Quantity Indicator, Ammeter and Oil Pressure Gage 7. Flight Instrument Group 8. Right Fuel Quantity Indicator and Oil Temperature Gage 9. Manifold Pressure Gage 10. Radio Selector Switches (Opt.) 11. Tachometer 12. Rear View Mirror (Opt.) 13. Radios (Opt.) 27 14. Autopilot Control Unit (Opt.) 15. Carburetor Air Temperature Gage (Opt.) 16. Wing Flap Switch 17. Map Compartment 18. Transponder (Opt.) 19. Circuit Breakers 20. Defroster Control Knob 21. Cabin Air/Heat Control Knob 22. Mixture Control Knob 23. Propeller Control Knob 24. Rudder Trim Control Wheel 25. Ash Tray. 26. Cowl Flap Control Lever 27. Courtesy Light (Opt.) 28. Microphone (Opt.) 29. Cigar Lighter 30. Throttle 31. Carburetor Heat Control Knob 32. Fuel Shutoff Valve Control Knob 33. Stabilator Trim Control Wheel 34. Electrical Switches 35. Parking Brake Handle 36. Instrument and Radio Dial Light Rheostats 0 37. Ignition/Starter Switch 38. Auxiliary Fuel Pump Switch 39. Master Switch 40. Phone Jack 41. Primer Figure 2-1. 0 Section II DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING DETAILS The following paragraphs describe the systems and equipment whose function and operation is not obvious when sitting in the airplane. This section also covers in somewhat greater detail some of the items listed in Check List form in Section I that require further explanation. FUEL SYSTEM. Fuel is supplied to the engine from two integral fuel bays, one in each wing. Usable fuel in each bay, for all flight conditions, is 24.5 gallons when completely filled. The fuel capacity of this aircraft has been designed to provide the owner with a choice of long range capability with partial cabin loading or reduced range with full cabin loading. For example, with full cabin load- ing, it normally will be necessary to reduce the fuel load to keep the air- craft within approved weight and balance limits. (Refer to Section IV for weight and balance control procedures.) A 22 gallon marker, in the form of a series of small holes just inside the filler neck, is provided to facili- tate fueling to reduced fuel loads. Fuel from each wing fuel bay flows through a selector valve, small reservoir, and fuel shutoff valve to the fuel strainer. From here, it is routed to an engine-driven pump which delivers the fuel under pressure to the carburetor. An electric auxiliary fuel pump parallels the engine- driven pump and is used when fuel pressure drops below 2 psi. It is not necessary to have the auxiliary pump operating during normal take-off and landing, since gravity feed will supply adequate fuel flow to the carburetor with the engine-driven pump inoperative. However, gravity flow is con- siderably reduced at maximum performance take-off and climb attitudes, and the auxiliary fuel pump would be required if the engine-driven pump should fail during these maneuvers. 2-1 FUEL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC LEFT FUEL BAY VACUUM RELIEF CHECK PRESSURE RELIEF CHECK VALVE VALVE 2-2 VENT VENT ΤΟ ENGINE SELECTOR VALVE FUEL RESERVOIR ENGINE PRIMER FUEL SHUTOFF VALVE 用 FACE RIGHT FUEL BAY D |晷日---( AUXILIARY FUEL PUMP FUEL STRAINER AUXILIARY 'FUEL PUMP SWITCH #00 THROTTLE ENGINE FUEL PUMP CARBURETOR MIXTURE CONTROL KNOB TO ENGINE CYLINDERS TO ENSURE MAXIMUM FUEL CAPACITY WHEN REFUELING, PLACE THE FUEL SELECTOR VALVE IN EITHER "LEFT" OR "RIGHT" POSITION TO PREVENT CROSS-FEEDING. Figure 2-2. PRESSURE RELIEF VACUUM RELIEF CHECK CHECK VALVE VALVE FUEL SHUTOFF VALVE KNOB STRAINER DRAIN KNOB FULL PRESS 751 VENT VENT FUEL PRESSURE GAGE CODE FUEL SUPPLY VENT MECHANICAL LINKAGE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION