CAPF 70-5 Training Module 6: Aircraft Systems

“…a single-disc, hydraulically-actuated brake on each main landing gear wheel” • Hydraulic lines connected to master cylinders behind rudder pedals • Check for brake pad wear • Rotor grooves, cracks, etc… • Hydraulic leaks (typically red fluid) • Minimize braking usage during taxi operations and landings CAPF 70-5 19 Cabin Heating, Ventilating and Defrosting • Cabin Heat, pull knob for on • Cabin Air, pull knob for on • Cabin Defrost, turning knob controls volume of air to the windshield • WARNING: Carbon Monoxide potential! Cabin heat comes from air directed through a shroud around the exhaust. A leaking exhaust can bring CO into the cockpit! • ENGINE FIRE: Cabin Heat and Air – OFF (except overhead vents) CAPF 70-5 20 Pitot-Static System • Pitot tube on left wing • Two static ports (one on each side of the forward fuselage) • Connected with tubes to the ADC (Air Data Computer) • Also connected to the standby (analog) instruments • Ensure pitot tube and static ports are clear before flight • Ensure pitot heat and alternate static source work before flight CAPF 70-5 21 Vacuum System and Instruments • Engine-Driven Vacuum pump • Vacuum regulator • Standby Attitude Indicator • Vacuum system air filter • Vacuum transducer • Check vacuum pressure indication • Ensure standby attitude indicator is indicating properly during taxi • Low vacuum warning during low RPM CAPF 70-5 22 Electrical System 1st Lt. Marty Nicholes, CAP CAPF 70-5 23 Electrical System “As easy as 1, 2, 6, 28…” 1 • 1 alternator 2 • 2 - 24 volt Batteries (Main and Standby) 6 • 6 electrical buses (also an additional CAP mission bus) 28 • 28 Volt system CAPF 70-5 24 Electrical System “The airplane is equipped with a 28-volt direct current (DC) electrical system…” • Belt driven alternator (60 or 95 amps) • 24-volt main battery (8 or 10 AMP HOUR) • 1 power distribution module • Standby battery (6.2 AMP HOUR) Figure 7-7 from POH CAPF 70-5 25 Electrical System (cont.) A boatload of buses and electronics… Bus assignments • Electrical Bus 1 (master switch) – Aux fuel pump, flaps, lights – Avionics bus 1 • Electrical Bus 2 (master switch) – Pitot/Stall heaters, lights – Avionics bus 2 • Essential bus (STBY BATT switch) – PFD, ADC, AHRS, Nav1, Com1, GEA – Standby battery (backup power) • Avionics Bus 1 (dedicated switch) – PFD, Com1, Nav1, ADC, AHRS, GEA • Avionics Bus 2 (dedicated switch) – MFD, Com2, Nav2, Transponder, Audio Panel, Auto pilot, • Crossfeed Bus CAPF 70-5 26 Electrical System (cont.) CAP Specific electrical items • Mission bus (mission master switch) – Becker unit – CAP radio – AUX power – Circuit breakers CAPF 70-5 27 Electrical System ALTERNATOR CHECK (alternator and alternator control unit) Prior to night/instrument flight • 1800 RPM – Turn on electrical equipment needed – Ammeters show 0 or positive current (amps) – Voltmeters show 27 – 29 Volts CAPF 70-5 28 Electrical System Failures Watch for annunciators and respond to all alerts! Annunciators • LOW VOLTS – Volts < 24-volts – Try cycling alternator 1. MASTER Switch (ALT Only) - OFF 2. ALT FIELD Circuit Breaker - CHECK IN 3. MASTER Switch (ALT Only) - ON – If still LOW VOLTS then shed load and land! – Can also use standby battery to extend main battery life. • STBY BAT – Standby Batt drawing > 0.5A – Standby battery should not discharge in normal flight! – Is alternator working? CAPF 70-5 29 Electrical System Failures (cont.) Monitor power supply system M BATT AMPS and M BUS VOLTS • Excess charging current – after 30 minutes of cruising flight, M BATT AMPS should indicate less than 5 amps of charging (+) current. • Excessive voltage (>31.75V) – HIGH VOLTS warning – Alternator should have disconnected – Set MASTER switch ALT to OFF – Shed electrical load and land • Use main battery ammeter (M BUS AMPS) to check discharge rate CAPF 70-5 30 Electrical System Failure If your alternator has failed and reset did not work, think: • What is my flight condition (VFR, IMC) – VFR – can shutdown more equipment – IMC – need to be more cautious about what equipment to lose, if you hit VFR, try to stay there. • How much time do you have? – Battery condition, electrical load • Nearest airport? – G1000 nearest feature is your friend. Remember to use direct to. – Can airport fix the issue? • Landing clearance? – Light gun, or your cell phone (1-800-WX-BRIEF) CAPF 70-5 31 Avionics G1000 Main LRU (units) • AHRS - Attitude/Heading Ref • ADC - Air data computer • GEA - Engine airframe • GMU - Magnetometer • GTX - Transponder • GIA - Integrated Avionics Unit • GMA - Audio panel • GDL – data link CAPF 70-5 32 Avionics failures • PFD failure – Reversionary mode • AHRS failure – Loss of attitude indicator and eHSI • Magnetometer failure – Loss of heading information CAPF 70-5 33 Avionics failures (cont.) • ADC Failure – Loss of airspeed – Altitude – Vertical speed – OAT • Integrated Avionics Unit failure – Loss of com1 and/or com2 – Loss of nav1 and/or nav2 – Loss of transponder • Engine & Airframe Computer failure – Loss of engine instruments CAPF 70-5 34 References • G1000 Cockpit Reference Guide • Cessna 182T Nav III POH • https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/aircraft-systems/what- happens-when-your-alternator-fails-during-flight/Integrated Avionics Unit failure CAPF 70-5 35 • Read Section 3 of C182T POH • Read CAPS 72-3 • Read CAPS 73-1 • Print POH pages 3-17 to 3-24 and p. 3-34 • Print CAP C182T Emergency Procedures Checklist • Print CAP C182T Normal Procedures Checklist Homework Assignment for Module 7