FLIGHT OPERATIONS MANUAL CIRRUS PERSPECTIVE AVIONICS - PILOT EDITION

Pilot Weather Minimums ................................................................. 2-8 Pilot Duty and Rest Period ............................................................2-13 Aircraft Maintenance and Airworthiness ....................................... 2-16 Flight Planning .............................................................................. 2-19 Flight Considerations .................................................................... 2-25 Flight Safety .................................................................................. 2-28 Flying Club Procedures................................................................. 2-30 International Border Operations .................................................... 2-35 Incident and Accident Procedures (U.S. Only) ............................. 2-37 Aircraft Incident and Accident Report ........................................... 2-38 Section 3 Standard Operating Procedures ................................................... 3-1 General ........................................................................................... 3-1 Single Pilot Resource Management................................................ 3-2 Checklist Philosophy ....................................................................... 3-5 Pre-Flight Inspection ....................................................................... 3-7 Before Engine Start....................................................................... 3-21 Engine Start .................................................................................. 3-23 Before Taxi.................................................................................... 3-27 Taxi-Out ........................................................................................ 3-29 Before Takeoff .............................................................................. 3-32 Takeoff Briefing ............................................................................. 3-37 Normal Takeoff ............................................................................. 3-38 Short-Field Takeoff ....................................................................... 3-42 Soft-Field Takeoff.......................................................................... 3-45 Feb 2013 TOC-2 P/N 23020-003 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual Table of Contents Table of Contents Crosswind Takeoff Technique.......................................................3-46 Enroute Climb ...............................................................................3-47 Cruise ............................................................................................3-52 Icing Conditions (FIKI)...................................................................3-54 Descent .........................................................................................3-57 Before Landing and Traffic Pattern ...............................................3-60 Stabilized Approach Definition ......................................................3-64 Instrument Approach Procedures .................................................3-66 Precision Approach Procedure .....................................................3-68 Nonprecision Approach Procedure ...............................................3-73 Go-Around.....................................................................................3-78 Approach and Landing Speeds .....................................................3-81 Normal Landing .............................................................................3-82 Short-Field Landing .......................................................................3-84 Soft-Field Landing .........................................................................3-85 Crosswind Landing........................................................................3-86 Reduced Flap Landings (0% and 50%) ........................................3-87 Icing Landing Procedure ...............................................................3-88 After Landing .................................................................................3-90 Arrival and Engine Shutdown ........................................................3-92 Section 4 Emergency & Abnormal Procedures ............................................4-1 General ...........................................................................................4-1 Checklist Usage for Abnormal Procedures .....................................4-1 Checklist Usage for Emergency Procedures ..................................4-1 CAPS Deployment ..........................................................................4-2 Emergency Descent ........................................................................4-7 Engine Malfunctions Overview ........................................................4-9 Engine Failure In Flight .................................................................4-10 Emergency Landing Without Engine Power..................................4-14 Unexplained Loss of Manifold Pressure........................................4-17 Engine Roughness or Partial Power Loss.....................................4-20 Loss of Oil Pressure ......................................................................4-22 Engine Fire In Flight ......................................................................4-24 Electrical Malfunctions Overview ..................................................4-27 Alternator 1 and 2 Failures ............................................................4-28 Feb 2013 P/N 23020-003 TOC-3 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual Table of Contents Table of Contents Electrical Fire (Cabin Fire In Flight)...............................................4-30 Integrated Avionics Malfunctions Overview ..................................4-32 PFD Display Failure and Reversionary Mode ............................... 4-34 Air Data Computer Failure ............................................................4-36 AHRS Failure ................................................................................ 4-38 GIA Failure .................................................................................... 4-40 Loss of GPS Integrity .................................................................... 4-41 Other Emergency Procedures Overview ...................................... 4-42 Unusual Attitudes .......................................................................... 4-42 Inadvertent Flight into IMC ............................................................4-44 Flap Malfunction............................................................................ 4-46 Oxygen System Malfunction ......................................................... 4-47 Power Lever Linkage Failure ........................................................ 4-49 Loss of Brake Pressure................................................................. 4-51 Open Door .................................................................................... 4-53 Section 5 Maneuvers.......................................................................................5-1 General ........................................................................................... 5-1 Steep Turns (Private and Commercial)........................................... 5-2 Steep Spirals (Commercial) ............................................................ 5-4 Chandelle (Commercial) ................................................................. 5-7 Lazy Eights (Commercial) ............................................................. 5-10 Maneuvering during Slow Flight.................................................... 5-14 Power-Off Stalls ............................................................................ 5-16 Power-On Stalls ............................................................................ 5-18 Autopilot Stall Recognition ............................................................5-20 Ground Reference Maneuvers...................................................... 5-22 Rectangular Course (Private) ....................................................... 5-23 S-Turns (Private)........................................................................... 5-25 Turns Around a Point (Private) .....................................................5-27 Eight On Pylons (Commercial)...................................................... 5-29 Section 6 Performance ................................................................................... 6-1 General ........................................................................................... 6-1 Section 7 Feb 2013 TOC-4 P/N 23020-003 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual Table of Contents Table of Contents Limitations ......................................................................................7-1 General ...........................................................................................7-1 Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 1 Introduction P/N 23020-003 1-1 Section 1 Introduction General The procedures in this publication are derived from procedures in the FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM). Cirrus Aircraft has attempted to ensure that the data contained herein agrees with the data in the AFM. If there is any disagreement, the Airplane Flight Manual is the final authority. The Flight Operations Manual (FOM), Company Pilot Edition describes the policies and procedures for all flight conducted in aircraft that are owned or operated by Cirrus Aircraft. Section 2 of this document describes general operating procedures and training requirements. Sections 3, 4, and 5 describe best practices for operating Cirrus aircraft under visual or instrument flight regulations for standard or typical circumstances considering normal and abnormal/ emergency situations. Pilot Responsibilities Cirrus pilots conducting flights in Cirrus owned or operated aircraft must adhere to the guidance contained herein. Pilots should exercise good judgment and adapt the procedures as necessary to handle non standard or atypical situations. Flight operations must be conducted with the utmost regard to safety, professionalism, and integrity. Negligent, careless, or reckless behavior will not be tolerated and may result in flight restrictions, loss of flight privileges, or termination. Each company pilot who is authorized to conduct flight operations in Cirrus owned and operated aircraft will be issued a FOM, Company Pilot Edition. The pilot must have this document in his or her possession, printed or electronic version, during all flight operations in a Cirrus owned or operated aircraft. This manual does not govern the operations conducted as Experimental Flight Test or Production Flight Test. However, experimental test pilots and production flight test pilots must adhere to the policies and procedures described herein for all flights not conducted as experimental or flight test. Feb 2013 1-2 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective Introduction Section 1 Revisions The Director of Flight Operations is responsible to issue revisions to this manual. Proposed changes must be reviewed by the leadership of affective departments and must be approved by Cirrus Aircraft senior staff. Desired changes, additions or deletions to this document should be brought to the attention of the Director of Flight Operations. Additions or changes to this document will be distributed electronically until a significant number a changes warrants re-printing the new document. A new revision will supersede all previous revisions. Reference Materials The following references supplement the content of this publication: • Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) or governing regulations, as applicable, • Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), • FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) and Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH), • FAA Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge and Airplane Flying Handbook, • Advisory Circulars, • Cirrus Aircraft Envelope of Safety, • Cirrus Syllabus Suite, • Avionics Pilot Guides and Manuals, • Aircraft Maintenance Manual, • Formation Flight Manual, • Demo Care Inspection and Maintenance Program manual, • Check Pilot Manual. Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 1 Introduction P/N 23020-003 1-3 Terms and Abbreviations The following terms and abbreviations will be referenced in this manual. AP Autopilot ATC Air Traffic Control CAS Crew Alert System DA Decision Altitude ETA Estimated Time of Arrival ETE Estimated Time Enroute FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAF Final Approach Fix FIKI Flight Into Known Ice FITS FAA Industry Training Standards FMS Flight Management System GPH Gallons Per Hour GNS Global Navigation System GS Glide-slope Hg Mercury IAF Initial Approach Fix IAP Instrument Approach Procedure LNAV Lateral Navigation LPV Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance MAP Missed Approach Point MDA Minimum Descent Altitude MFD Multi Function Display MP Manifold Pressure NAS National Airspace System NH No Hazard Anti-Ice System PFD Primary Flight Display Feb 2013 1-4 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective Introduction Section 1 PIC Pilot in Command RPM Revolutions Per Minute SRM Single Pilot Resource Management VNAV Vertical Navigation VTF Vectors to Final WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System SR20 Cirrus SR20 equipped with Cirrus Perspective avionics SR22 Cirrus SR22 with normally-aspirated engine equipped with Cirrus Perspective avionics. SR22 may also represent SR22, SR22TN, SR22T, and SR22 G5 aircraft when SR22TN or SR22T is not distinctively noted. SR22TN Cirrus SR22 with Tornado Alley Turbonormalized engine equipped with Cirrus Perspective avionics. SR22T Cirrus SR22T with TCM Turbocharged engine equipped with Cirrus Perspective avionics. SR22T may also represent SR22T G5 aircraft when SR22T G5 is not distinctively noted. SR22 G5 Cirrus SR22 G5 equipped with Cirrus Perspective avionics and a maximum certified takeoff weight of 3600 pounds. SR22 G5 may also represent SR22T G5 when SR22TG5 is not destinctively noted. SR22T G5 Cirrus SR22T G5 equipped with Cirrus Perspective avionics with a maximum certified takeoff weight of 3600 pounds. Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 1 Introduction P/N 23020-003 1-5 Contact Information Air Safety and Maintenance Hot line ............................... 800.921.2737 218.788.3400 CSIP or Training Center Inquiries csip@cirrusaircraft.com Flight Training and Operations ........................................ 218.788.3873 training@cirrusaircraft.com Flight Training Network, CSIP and CTC .......................... 218.788.3882 csip@cirrusaircraft.com Flight Scheduling............................................................. 218.788.3217 training@cirrusaircraft.com Public Relations............................................................... 218.788.3302 Feb 2013 1-6 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective Introduction Section 1 Feb 2013 Intentionally Left Blank Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-1 Section 2 General Operating Procedures General The General Operating Procedures section describes the policies and procedures that govern all flights conducted in Cirrus owned or operated aircraft. Cirrus owned or operated flights are defined as flights conducted as Cirrus business or flying club operations in which Cirrus Aircraft provides insurance for the pilot and aircraft. Pilots flying Cirrus owned or operated aircraft must adhere to the policies and procedures described within as well as applicable regulations and the procedures and limitations described in the AFM. Failure to comply with these procedures and restrictions may result in the loss of flight privileges and or disciplinary action. Adherence to the policies and procedures contained herein is an important component in the framework for safe flight operations but the safety of flight ultimately depends on the proficiency, judgment, and professional conduct of the pilot in command. Use this section as a guide for planning and execution of all flights in Cirrus owned or operated aircraft. Feb 2013 2-2 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 Pilot Qualification and Training This section describes the training and currency requirements for pilots to be eligible to act as pilot in command of a Cirrus owned or operated aircraft. Pilots must demonstrate knowledge and proficiency to the level described in the Cirrus Syllabus Suite and FAA Practical Test Standards for the highest applicable pilot certificate held during initial and recurrent evaluations. Training Records An electronic training record for each pilot will be kept and maintained by the Flight Training and Operations department. Each record will include the following documentation: • Copy of pilot certificate, • Copy of recent medical certificate, • Copy of flight instructor certificate, if applicable, • Pilot Authorization Form, completed and signed, • Initial and Recurrent Training Syllabus, completed and signed, • Training Mission Report, completed and signed. • Others as applicable Each pilot is responsible to provide the Director or Flight Operations or designee copies of new medical or pilot/instructor certificates, as applicable. Pilot Authorizations In order to act as pilot in command of Cirrus owned or operated aircraft, each pilot must: • Comply with applicable regulations pertaining to pilot certification and currency for the operation being conducted, • Complete initial and recurrent training requirements described in this section, • Receive training and endorsement on their Pilot Authorization and Training Records Form for each additional qualification required, • Meet currency requirements described herein, Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-3 • Maintain a current medical certificate, valid for the operation being conducted. The Pilot Authorization and Training Records Form will be completed upon the successful completion of initial training and will be updated after each recurrent training event. The check pilot will authorize flight duties for specific aircraft and aircraft configurations based upon the pilots certificates, training, and proficiency as demonstrated during initial training and evaluation. Corporate Flight Missions A pilot may perform a corporate mission in a Cirrus aircraft only if that pilot must possesses a valid commercial pilot certificate and a 1st or 2nd class medical. A corporate mission includes the following: • Demonstration flights, • Ferry flights, • Customer acceptance/delivery flights, • Formation flights, • Flights not incidental to Cirrus business, (see next section) • Flight that are incidental to Cirrus business but are carrying passengers or property, • Flight instruction. Private Pilot Privileges and Limitations A private pilot within Cirrus Aircraft may act as pilot in command of a Cirrus owned or operated aircraft for the purpose of company business only if the flight is incidental to that business or employment and the aircraft does not carry passengers or property. This limitation does not apply to flying club flights. Flights are considered to be incidental when the aircraft is used strictly as transportation to get to a destination where Cirrus business will be conducted. Example, a private pilot who has completed initial training and is current per Cirrus policy may use a Cirrus owned or operated aircraft for transportation to a meeting. Formation Flights Formation flight in Cirrus owned or operated aircraft is not permitted unless the pilots are authorized by the Director of Flight Operations. Formation flight shall be conducted in accordance with the Formation Flight Manual. Formation flight is defined when 2 or more aircraft are Feb 2013 2-4 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 intentionally within 1/4 NM when the trailing aircraft continuously maintains visual contact for navigation and or collision avoidance. Flight Training, Evaluation, and Authorization Internal flight training will be provided by Factory Flight Instructors or CSIP instructors who are approved by the Director of Flight Operations. Initial evaluation and recurrent training will be conducted with Check Pilots who are designated by the Director of Flight Operations. Initial Training Based upon prior experience, each pilot must complete the following courses as applicable prior to acting as pilot in command of a Cirrus owned or operated aircraft. All training and pilot authorizations are proficiency based and training times may vary. • Transition Training, VFR (3 days), • Advanced Transition Training, IFR (5 days), • Airframe/Powerplant Differences Training (1 day), • Cirrus Standardized Instructor Pilot (3 days), • Avionics Differences (1 day), • Advanced Avionics Differences (3 days), • Demonstration and Right Seat Training (1 day), • Online Icing Awareness Course (2 - 4 hours). An initial operating experience (IOE) period applies until the pilot has 100 hours in-type and is specific to the aircraft's avionics suite, Avidyne or Perspective. For example, a pilot possessing 75 hours in a Cirrus equipped with Avidyne avionics and 75 hours in Cirrus equipped with Perspective avionics is in the IOE period for both avionics suites. Restricted weather minimums apply during the IOE period. Reference the Pilot Authorization for IOE weather minimum information. Recurrent Training Recurrent training consists of 2 alternating events, a 6 month proficiency check and annual recurrent training. Each pilot must complete recurrent training as described in this section prior to flying a Cirrus owned or operated aircraft by the end of the 6th month. The 6 calendar month time period is reset after the completion of each recurrent training event. A grace period of one calendar month beyond Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-5 the 6 month interval is available. During the grace period, pilots shall not fly IFR. Pilots who exceed the grace period shall not exercise their flight privileges. The objectives and requirements of each event are as follows. 6 Month Proficiency Check The 6 Month Proficiency Check may be completed with an authorized and active CSIP or a Cirrus check pilot. A copy of the IPC logbook endorsement must be sent to the Director of Flight Operations or designee upon completion of the training event. IFR Pilots • Complete an Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC) per 14 CFR 61.57 and objectives as detailed in the Cirrus Syllabus Suite, Recurrent Training Schedule A. VFR Pilots • Complete recurrent training as detailed in the Cirrus Syllabus Suite, Recurrent Training Schedule B. For flying club operations, pilots who are actively engaged in flight training for a certificate or rating are not required to complete the 6 month proficiency check. Actively engaged means the pilot completes at least 4 training events with an authorized instructor within the previous 30 days. Annual Recurrent Training All pilots flying Cirrus owned and operated aircraft must complete Annual Recurrent Training with a check pilot who is authorized by the Director of Flight Operations. IFR Pilots • Complete the knowledge test, corrected to 100%, • Complete emergency procedures and CAPS training in an FTD or Simulator if available, • Complete an IPC per 14 CFR 61.57 and objectives as detailed in the Cirrus Syllabus Suite, Recurrent training Schedule A, • Complete a Flight Review per 14 CFR 61.56 and objectives as detailed in the Cirrus Syllabus Suite Recurrent Training Schedule B. VFR Pilots • Complete the knowledge test, corrected to 100%, Feb 2013 2-6 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 • Complete emergency procedures and CAPS training in an FTD if available, • Complete a Flight Review per 14 CFR 61.56 as detailed in the Cirrus Syllabus Suite Recurrent Training Schedule B. Flight Currency VFR Day and Night Cirrus pilots maintain VFR currency by completing each of the following items in a Cirrus aircraft: • Comply with the Flight Review requirements per 14 CFR 61.56, and • Complete initial training, and • Comply with recurrent training requirements, and • Conduct 3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop within the previous 90 days, and • Act as PIC for 10 hours within the previous 90 days, IFR Day and Night Cirrus pilots maintain IFR currency by completing each of the following items in a Cirrus aircraft: • Comply with all VFR currency requirements, and • Comply with the currency requirements described in 14 CFR 61.57, • For low-IMC currency, demonstrate the ability to execute an instrument approach to minimums within the previous 60 days. • Note • Initial low-IMC currency should be obtained with an authorized instructor. Medical Certificates In order to exercise the privileges of a private pilot certificate the pilot must hold at least a third class medical certificate, which is valid for 24 months from the date of issue (60 months if the person is under 40). In order to exercise the privileges of a commercial pilot certificate a pilot must hold and maintain a first or second-class medical certificate valid for 12 calendar months from the date of issue. Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-7 All Cirrus pilots shall provide a photocopy of their medical certificate to the Director of Flight Operations or designee when a new medical is received. Feb 2013 2-8 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 Pilot Weather Minimums Cirrus pilots will regularly assess their recent flight experience, training, and pilot certification to develop personal minimums for wind, ceiling and visibility, and instrument approach minimums. Use Figures 2.1 and 2.2 on the following pages to aid in this process. Wind Limits Cirrus pilots shall not takeoff or land when the wind speed and crosswind component exceed the individual's capabilities based upon flight experience and limits described in the Envelope of Safety, Figure 2.2, considering the pilot’s risk category, Figure 2.1. Flight Operations shall cease when the following conditions are present. Pilots should assess these conditions by ensuring forecast conditions are acceptable prior to flight. • 35Kts total sustained wind component, • 20Kts crosswind component, • 10Kts tailwind component, • Limits assigned due to personal capabilities, • When taking off or landing on ice-covered runways (braking action reported poor), the crosswind component shall not exceed 10kts, • If the wind exceeds 25kts or the Gust factor exceeds 10kts takeoff and landing training shall not be conducted. Unless the pilot is an authorized flight instructor, pilots providing demonstration flights shall be the sole manipulator of the flight controls during landing if the sustained wind is in excess of 15 knots, or if there is a gust factor in excess of 5 knots, or anytime it is necessary for safe flight. This policy does not preclude conducting other forms of training or demonstrations as long as the pilot performs the landing. Requirements for Marginal VFR Flight Marginal VFR (Ceiling 1000-3000 and visibility 3-5 miles) operations may be conducted if the pilot in command: • Is instrument rated, current, equipped and is prepared to obtain an IFR clearance should conditions deteriorate, Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-9 • Has a valid mission requirement i.e.: required to avoid icing or thunderstorms that IFR flight would cause the flight to come in contact with, • Does not use marginal VFR flight for cross country travel, • Maintains contact with appropriate ATC facility if possible, • The minimum ceiling and visibility required for traffic pattern operations is 1500 feet and 3 miles. Requirements for Special VFR The use of a Special VFR clearance is discouraged. However, operations under Special VFR are permitted if used to depart an airfield with weather below the VFR minima listed above provided the weather immediately outside the air traffic area is at least 1500 feet and 5 miles and the pilot meets the requirements for flight into Marginal VFR conditions. Reference 14 CFR 91.157. Example: The weather at Duluth is being reported as 900 feet and 5 miles due to lake effect fog east of the airfield but the weather north and west of the field is clear. In this case, Special VFR may be used to depart the airfield. In all cases, pilots must use good judgment to avoid putting themselves in prolonged conditions of weather below 1000 feet and 3 miles. Minimum Visibility for IFR Takeoff The minimum visibility for takeoff in Cirrus owned or operated aircraft is ½ mile or RVR 1800’ unless the pilot is authorized for low visibility takeoffs. Authorization for low visibility takeoff allows the pilot to takeoff with a minimum of RVR 600'. A pilot conducting a low visibility takeoff must have a takeoff alternate within 50 miles of the departure airport. The current and forecasted weather conditions for the takeoff alternate must not be lower than ceiling 600 feet and visibility 2SM. Pilots may obtain low visibility authorization during recurrent training. Pilots in their IOE period are not eligible for low visibility authorization. Envelope of Safety The envelope of safety, Figure 2.2, describes weather minimums for respective pilot risk categories. The risk category matrix must be completed at each required training event. Pilot’s may not dispatch if the weather conditions including wind, ceiling, and visibility, considering day or night, is at or forecasted to exceed the weather prescribed in the pilot’s category. Feb 2013 2-10 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 Pilots who lack currency requirements to achieve low weather minimums but demonstrate mastery of the aircraft during an Annual Check or 6 Month Check may be placed into a higher weather category with the recommendation of the instructor and approval from the Director of Flight Operations. To be eligible for this recommendation, pilots must: • Fly all instrument procedures during the check to the standards set forth in the Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Practical Test Standards • Have more than 200 flight hours in a Cirrus with the same avionics package • The higher weather category is valid for 6 months or the next recurrent training event, whichever occurs first. The instructor will mark the new weather minimums in the “Instructor Recommendation” section of the Annual Check paperwork and the Director of Flight Operations will sign the document. Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-11 Figure 2-1 Guidance for Establishing Personal Weather Minimums 1 2 3 4 5 Your Rating Certificate Held ATP or CFI Commercial w/instrument Private w/instrument Private Pilot Pilot Mishap Last 24 months Incident Accident Hours logged last 12 months 200 150-200 100-150 50-150 <50 Hours in Cirrus last 90 days 50 35-50 25-35 10-25 <10 Total Time 2000 1000-2000 750-1000 500-750 <500 Cirrus Landings last 30 days 10 6 -9 3-5 1-2 0 Total ႕13 14-22 ႖ဆဇ 1 2 3 4 5 Your Rang >35 25--35 10-25 <5 Yes No Total ႕7 8-18 ႖စဓ Guidance for Establishing Personal Weather Minimums General Flight Guidelines Instrument Flight Guidelines > > > Recieved avionics specific IFR training from CSIP/CTC Category Not Applicable for pilots in first 100 hours of aircraft operation. > 5-10 >3 Instrument Approaches with use of Autopilot last 90 days Hand-flown Instrument Approaches last 90 days Simulated/Actual instrument hours in Cirrus in last 90 days >4 >2 1-3 <1 1-4 1 0 0 Pilot Category Pilot Category Years Actively Flying (Maintained FAA req. currency) >10 6-10 2-5 Last Recurrent Training Event <6 months 6mo-12mo 12mo-24mo Age: Add 2 pts for 65 years or older Time to Achieve Private Pilot: Add 2 pts for 100+ hours Time to Complete Transition Training: Add 2 pts for 30+ hours Crew: Subtract 1 pt for flying with licensed pilot Training: Add 2 pts for not completing Cirrus Transition Training Crew: Subtract 1 pt for flying with licensed pilot Training: Subtract 2 pts for completing avionics specific IPC from CSIP/CTC in last 12 months. Years Actively Flying IFR (Maintained FAA req. currency) Hours flown IFR last 90 days >5 <1 <2 1-5 Solo Student Pilot Feb 2013 2-12 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 Figure 2-2 Envelope of Safety IFR Minimums Press “ENT” or ri ghtmost softkey to acknowled ge ENVE LOPE OF SAFET Y: KNOW YOUR LIMITS Current Pilot Capability Category VFR Minimums Wind Limit Wind: 20 kts X-wind: 10 kts Max Gust: 10 kts 3000’ CEILINGS 10 SM VISIBILITY 5000’ CEILINGS 10 SM VISIBILITY Day Day Night 3000’ CEILINGS 5 SM VISIBILITY Wind: 35 kts X-wind: 20 kts Max Gust: 15 kts 5000’ CEILINGS 10 SM VISIBILITY Day Night Wind: 15 kts X-wind: 5 kts Max Gust: 5 kts 5000’ CEILINGS 10 SM VISIBILITY 5000’ CEILINGS 10 SM VISIBILITY Night Current Pilot Capability Category 1500’ / 3 SM Current Reported Weather +500’ / +1 SM Above Published Approach Minimums Published Approach Minimums General Flight Minimums Instrument Flight Minimums ICING CONDITIONS Flight Into Icing Conditions Is Hazardous Refer to Airplane Flight Manual Limitations Visit www.cirrusaircraft.com/knowyourlimits to precisely determine your Pilot Capability Category Flying within the Envelope of Safety will not guarantee a safe flight. Pilots must comply with FARs, exercise sound judgement, and maintain a high level of flying proficiency in order to minimize the risks associated with flight. NIGHT OPERATIONS Decrease wind limits by 5 kts Increase vigilence when conducting Instrument Approach Procedures Day Cirrus Aircraft company pilots comply with and endorse this Envelope of Safety. s Envelope of Safe ty. sese thi p comp dndoror pmp y pany p ee thth ndnd w ots c rcraf Cirrus Infrequent Flyer Average Pilot Elite Aviator General •12-24 mo. since last training •<50 hrs last 12 mo •10 hrs last 90 days Instrument •<5 IFR hrs last 90 days •<1hr IMC/ last 90 days •No approaches last 90 days General •6-12 mo. since last training •100-150 hrs last 12 mo •25-35 hrs last 90 days Instrument •10-25 IFR hrs last 90 days •1-3 hrs IMC/ last 90 days •1-4 AP approaches last 90 days •1 Non-AP approach last 90 days General •<6 mo. since last training •>200 hrs last 12 mo •>50 hrs last 90 days Instrument •>35 IFR hrs last 90 days •>3 hrs IMC/ last 90 days •>4 AP approaches last 90 days •>2 Non-AP approach last 90 days Current & Proficient Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-13 Pilot Duty and Rest Period Duty Time and Rest To exercise flight privileges, the pilot shall not exceed a duty period greater than 14 hours including a maximum of 10 hours of PIC with a maximum of 8 hours as instruction. A 10 hour rest period is required between duty days when the pilot is required to exercise his or her flight privileges. Flight Instructor Schedule Restrictions In addition to the Duty Time and Rest requirements details above, Flight Instructors and Corporate Pilots must adhere to the following restrictions. Flight Instructor Duty Day • Instructor duty day must not exceed 14 hours, with no more than 10 hours of work related activities. • Instructor duty day is defined by when the employee becomes actively engaged in work related activities until the employee ceases work related activities during which time the Instructor will exercise his or her flight privileges. • Work related activities include airline travel to or from the point where a flight originates or concludes. • Instructors must be given at least 12 hours of uninterrupted rest prior to a flight departing after 2100 local time. This applies only when the late departure corresponds to the start of the Instructor's duty day. Flight Time Restrictions • A maximum of 8 hours flight instruction (hobbs) is permitted in a 24 hour period. Rest Period • The Instructor must have 10 hours of rest with no work related activities between daily duty days. Work Period • The maximum working period is 8 consecutive days unless approved by the Director of Flight Operations. • Work and travel periods that extend greater than 14 days are rare. Special time off and rest period considerations for work Feb 2013 2-14 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 periods that are greater than 14 consecutive days will be agreed upon between the Director of Flight Operations and the Instructor. Instructors must have at least one half day of rest for every 8 consecutive days of work. • Instructors must have a minimum of 3 consecutive days off following any work period that exceeds 8 consecutive days. Exceeding Duty Day, Work Period, or Flight Time Restrictions Instructors may not originate a flight that will cause the Instructor to exceed duty day, flight time restrictions, or work period restrictions unless: • The instructor receives approval from the Director of Flight Operations to exceed duty days, work period, or flight time restrictions. • Such approval will be based on the Instructor's ability to safely complete the mission on a case by case basis. Physiological Considerations Intoxicants The pilot shall not consume alcohol or other intoxicants within 8 hours prior to flying and must always consider the lasting effects of alcohol the following day. Reference 14 CFR 91.17 Blood Donations A pilot should not operate an aircraft within 72 hours after a blood donation or transfusion due to temporary lowering of oxygen carrying capacity of blood following a blood donation or transfusion. Scuba Diving A pilot or passenger who intends to fly after scuba diving should allow the body sufficient time to rid itself of excess nitrogen absorbed during the dive. The recommended wait times are as follows: • Wait 12 hours - if flight will be below 8,000 feet pressure altitude and dive did not require a controlled ascent. • Wait 24 hours - if flight will be above 8,000 feet pressure altitude or dive required a controlled ascent. Supplemental Oxygen Pilots are encouraged to utilize supplemental oxygen when operating aircraft above 10,000 feet MSL during the day or above 5000 feet MSL Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-15 during night time per AIM recommendations. Reference 14 CFR 91.211 for regulatory oxygen requirements. Feb 2013 2-16 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 Aircraft Maintenance and Airworthiness Cirrus aircraft shall be maintained in accordance with the Airplane Maintenance Manual, Pilot Operating Handbook, Federal Aviation Regulations and the Demo Care Inspection and Maintenance Program manual. Aircraft maintenance should be completed at a Cirrus Authorized Service Center or Factory Service Center. Pilot Responsibilities Pilots who operate Cirrus owned or operated aircraft must comply with the following: • Airworthiness Pilots are responsible to determine if the aircraft meets applicable airworthiness regulations prior to each flight. If inoperative equipment is found before or during flight, pilots must comply with 14 CFR parts FAR 91.205, 91.213 and the next section of this document to determine if the aircraft is airworthy and follow the guidance described therein. For flying club aircraft, pilots must notify the flying club manager of the discrepancy and note the discrepancy in the fleet management software to prevent future dispatch of the aircraft and to notify the Factory Service Center. • Flight Times Pilots are responsible for recording flight times in the Cirrus fleet management system on a per flight basis within 3 business days of completing the flight. • Scheduled Maintenance Pilots are responsible to ensure all scheduled maintenance items, described in the Demo Care Leaseback program, if applicable, and applicable regulations, are completed per the specified interval. Demo Care inspections must be completed at an Authorized Cirrus Service Center. Pilots are responsible to ensure the log entries completed by the ASC are correct. • Data Base Updates Pilots are responsible for ensuring the currency of avionic’s data bases and or paper or electronic charts, as required. Pilot’s who are assigned aircraft will be provided with database management training and associated accounts. Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-17 • General Aircraft Care Aircraft will be maintained and detailed for cleanliness, proper tire inflation, etc. Cosmetic issues can be addressed at Cirrus Authorized Service Centers. All pilots will read & comply with section 8 of POH (Handling, Service, & Maintenance) • Unscheduled Maintenance Pilots are responsible to ensure all unscheduled maintenance items are remedied in a timely fashion by a Cirrus Authorized Service Center. Maintenance for AOG aircraft may be performed at a non Authorized Service Center. Pilots must coordinate any unscheduled maintenance that is performed at a non-ASC repair station that with the Cirrus Field Service department. Inoperative Equipment or Instruments Checklist Follow the guidance in this checklist when an inoperative equipment or instrument failure has been identified either in flight or on the ground. In flight equipment or instrument malfunctions 1. Follow the guidance in the appropriate AFM checklist 2. Land as soon as practical or possible as recommended by the AFM considering all factors involved. On ground equipment malfunctions 1. Determine if the inoperative equipment or instrument are required per the following: a. Indicated as required on the Kinds of Operations Equipment List, found in Section 2 of the AFM, for the operation being conducted, b. Required by 14 CFR 91.205, c. Required to be operational by an airworthiness directive for the operation being conducted. d. Required for safe flight. If the inoperative equipment or instruments are not required per 1a, 1b, 1c, or 1d: (1) Disable and placard the inoperative equipment prior to flight. (2) Make arrangements to repair the inoperative equipment or instruments at the earliest convenience. Feb 2013 2-18 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 If the inoperative equipment or instruments are required per 1a, 1b, 1c, or 1d: (1) Ground the aircraft, (2) If an ASC is located on the airport, schedule maintenance accordingly, or (3) If an ASC in not located on the airport, contact the Cirrus Help Desk to assist in coordinating maintenance. Grounding of Aircraft A Cirrus pilot or mechanic has the authority to ground an aircraft anytime it is determined to not be airworthy. Inform other pilots who may fly the aircraft that the aircraft is unairworthy. Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-19 Flight Planning Aircraft and Pilot Dispatch, Duluth and Grand Forks Operations Anyone requesting a Cirrus corporate aircraft and/or pilot must receive approval from their area vice president. The Vice President's assistant will complete an aircraft request form on the Cirrus Fleet Management system. The aircraft and pilot will be dispatched based on the following criteria: • Authorized Approval, • Aircraft Availability, • Pilot Availability, • Dispatcher Approval, • Weather. Flight Plans Pilots flying Cirrus owned or operated aircraft must file and open an IFR or VFR flight plan or obtain flight following for all flights greater than 100NM from the departure airport. Flight following may only be used when radar services are known to be available. If radar is not available or if flight following is discontinued in flight, the pilot must file and open an IFR or VFR flight plan. Local area flights, such as demonstration flights or flight training flights, that remain within 100NM from the departure airport do not require a flight plan. Pilots are encouraged to receive flight following services when operating VFR on a VFR flight plan or local flight. The pilot should complete the following flight planning responsibilities: • Determine the best route and altitude considering: winds aloft, freezing levels, cloud bases and tops, turbulence, terrain, airspace and TFRs, • Determine an alternate airport, • Calculate fuel requirements, • Verify aircraft is within weight and balance limitations, • Verify adequate climb performance for departure procedures, • Calculate takeoff and landing distances. Verify runway lengths for intended airports, Feb 2013 2-20 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 • File flight plan. IFR Alternate Airport Weather Requirements If from 1 hour before to 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival at the destination airport, the weather is forecast to be at least 2,000 foot ceilings and 3 mile visibilities, no alternate is required, though it is important to be familiar with the area in case a diversion is required. If forecasted weather conditions are less than 2,000 feet and 3 miles, an alternate must be filed. A pilot may only include an alternate airport in an IFR flight plan when appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or a combination of them, indicate that, at the estimated time of arrival at the alternate airport, the ceiling and visibility at that airport will be at or above the following weather minima: • For a precision approach procedure: Ceiling 600 feet and visibility 2 statute miles. • For a Non-precision approach procedure: Ceiling 800 feet and visibility 2 statute miles. If an instrument approach procedure has not been published for the intended destination, the ceiling and visibility minima are those allowing descent from the MEA, approach and landing under basic VFR conditions and an alternate airport must be filed. Fuel Requirements No person may operate an aircraft in IFR conditions unless there is enough fuel (considering weather reports, forecasts, and weather conditions) to: • Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing, • Fly from that airport to the alternate airport, • Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed. No person may begin a flight in an aircraft under VFR conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing (assuming normal cruising speed and fuel burn) and at least an additional 45 minutes beyond that point in either day or night conditions. Minimum Runway Length The minimum runway length for any Cirrus aircraft is 2,500 feet or twice the expected takeoff and/or landing distance, whichever is Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-21 greater. Exceptions to the minimum runway length must be authorized by the Director of Flight Operations. Any planned off-airport landing requires written authorization from the Director of Flight Operations and applicable authorities. Oxygen Equipment Prior to flight, pilots should thoroughly understand and brief passengers on how to use oxygen equipment and on signs of hypoxia. Pulse Oximeter Pilots are encouraged to use a pulse oximeter to monitor oxygen saturation of the blood. Pilots should adjust the flow rate of oxygen to maintain a minimum of 90% saturation. If saturation cannot be maintained above 90%, pilots should descend appropriately. Weather Planning A critical factor in a successful flight is the pilot's evaluation of weather conditions. Many weather related accidents are avoidable and could have been prevented during pre-flight if the pilot thoroughly evaluated the weather conditions. The following weather resources will be useful for evaluating the weather: Flight Service Station: .................................................. 800-WX-BRIEF Aviation Weather Center ............................... www.aviationweather.gov FlightPlan.com............................................................. www.fltplan.com ForeFlight ................................................................ www.foreflight.com National Weather Service....................................... www.nws.noaa.gov The go/no-go decisions and the route to the intended destination depend greatly on the weather at the departure airport, along the route, and at the destination. The pilot's ability to interpret and understand aviation weather is critical to the safety of flight. Follow the steps below when assessing the weather for every flight. Overview The first step to understanding the weather conditions along the intended route is to assess the big picture. The pilot should become familiar with pressure systems, frontal systems, precipitation, areas of marginal VFR and IFR conditions, and areas of icing and turbulence. Available weather products include: • Surface analysis chart, Feb 2013 2-22 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 • Weather radar, • Satellite imagery. Hazards to Flight The second step is to identify any potential hazards for the intended flight. The pilot should become familiar with areas of marginal VFR and IFR conditions, convective activity, and areas of icing and turbulence. Available weather products include: • Weather depiction chart, • AIRMETs, SIGMETs and Convective SIGMETs, • Weather radar, • Pilot reports, • Area forecast, • Current and forecasted icing potential. Current Observations The third step is to become familiar with the current observations along the intended flight. Current weather observations within 50 miles of the departure, intended route and destination airport should be analyzed. Available weather products include: • METARs, • Pilot reports. Forecasted Weather The fourth step is to understand what the weather is expected to do during your flight. Evaluate the weather +/- 2 hours from your estimated time of arrival at the destination and planned alternate. Available weather products include: • TAFs, • Area forecast, • Prognostic charts, • Winds and temperature aloft, • AIRMETs, SIGMETs and Convective SIGMETs. NOTAMS The fifth step is to become aware of any NOTAMs that may affect the flight. Pay close attention to any TFRs that may interfere with your route. Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-23 Thunderstorm Flying Never regard a thunderstorm lightly, even when radar observations report that echoes are of light intensity. Avoiding thunderstorms is the best policy. The following are some Do’s and Don'ts of thunderstorm avoidance: • Don't land or takeoff in the face of an approaching thunderstorm. A sudden gust front or low level turbulence could cause loss of control. • Don't attempt to fly under a thunderstorm even if you can see through to the other side. Turbulence and wind shear under the storm could be disastrous. • Don't trust the visual appearance to be a reliable indicator of the turbulence inside a thunderstorm. • Do avoid by at least 20 miles any thunderstorm identified as severe or giving an intense radar echo. This is especially true under the anvil of a large cumulonimbus cloud. • Do circumnavigate the entire area if the area has 6/10 thunderstorm coverage. • Do remember that vivid and frequent lightning indicates the existence of a strong thunderstorm. Regard as extremely hazardous any thunderstorm with tops 35,000 feet or higher, whether the top is visually sighted or determined by radar. Temperature Minimums Flight training operations shall not be conducted when the outside air temperature at the surface is -20 Fahrenheit or below. The aircraft should be preheated if exposed to ground temperatures below 20 Fahrenheit for more than two hours. Do not operate the engine at speeds above 1700 RPM unless oil temperature is 100 Fahrenheit or higher and oil pressure is within specified limits of 30-60 PSI. When oil temperature has reached 100 Fahrenheit and oil pressure does not exceed 60 PSI at 2500 RPM, the engine has been warmed sufficiently to accept full rated power. Operations in Icing Conditions • Caution • Flight into icing conditions is hazardous. Refer to the airplane flight manual for limitations. Feb 2013 2-24 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 A pilot is prohibited from taking off in an aircraft that has frost, snow, slush, or ice adhering to any external surface. Icing can be expected when flying in visible moisture, such as rain, snow, or clouds, and the temperature of the aircraft is below freezing. If icing is detected, a pilot should turn on all available anti-icing equipment and do one of two things to exit the icing condition: get out of the area of visible moisture, or go to an altitude where the temperature is above freezing. The warmer altitude may not always be a lower altitude. Proper pre-flight action includes obtaining information on the freezing levels. Report icing to ATC and request new routing or new altitude if icing is encountered. Cirrus aircraft that are certified for Flight Into Known Icing (FIKI) conditions must operate within criteria defined by FAR Part 25, Appendix C. These conditions do not include, nor were tests conducted in all icing conditions that may be encountered such as freezing rain, freezing drizzle, mixed conditions, or conditions defined as severe. Flight in these conditions must be avoided. Some icing conditions not defined in FAR Part 25 have the potential of producing hazardous ice accumulations, which exceed the capabilities of the airplane’s anti-ice system, and/or create unacceptable airplane performance including loss of control. Pilots who encounter icing conditions that are outside the FAR defined conditions should divert the flight promptly. Inadvertent operation in these conditions may be detected by unusually extensive ice accumulated on the airframe in areas not normally observed to collect ice. If the airplane encounters conditions that are determined to contain freezing rain or freezing drizzle, immediately exit the freezing rain or freezing drizzle conditions by changing altitude, turning back, or even continuing on the same course if clear air is known to be immediately ahead. Feb 2013 Cirrus Perspective Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Section 2 General Operating Procedures P/N 23020-003 2-25 Flight Considerations Turns after Takeoff The recommended turn altitude after takeoff is a minimum of 400 feet AGL, unless obstacle departure procedures or ATC instructions dictate otherwise. When cleared to fly runway heading, pilots should maintain the heading that corresponds with the extended center line of the departure runway until otherwise directed by ATC. Drift correction should not be applied: i.e., Runway 04, with an actual magnetic heading of the runway center line being 044 degrees, fly 044 degrees. Noise Abatement When operating out of noise sensitive airports pilots are encouraged to follow local noise abatement procedures and consider an RPM reduction from 2700 RPM to 2500 RPM during the climb if necessary and safe. A power reduction in an SR22T has little effect on outside noise levels and is not necessary for noise abatement. Weather Status Pilots should monitor the weather along the route and destination airport for deteriorating conditions using onboard weather resources and ground based weather resources. En route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS), Flight Watch, is generally available on 122.0 anywhere in the contiguous United States. A diversion may be necessary if the weather deteriorates beyond the pilot's qualifications or capabilities. Aircraft Systems Status Pilots should monitor the flight, engine and system parameters throughout the flight. Verify adequate fuel remains to reach the intended destination and switch fuel tanks as required to maintain within maximum fuel imbalance requirements. Pilot Status Pilots should monitor fatigue and stress levels during the flight. A diversion may be necessary if the pilot has any reason to believe the flight can not be completed safely. Manage cockpit workload according the procedures described in Section 3 of this manual. Pilots flying above 10,000 MSL should monitor oxygen saturation levels with a Feb 2013 2-26 P/N 23020-003 Flight Operations Manual - Company Pilot Edition Cirrus Perspective General Operating Procedures Section 2 pulse oxymeter frequently. Adjust oxygen flow rates or altitude to maintain oxygen saturation levels above 90% Aircraft Parking The pilot in command of the aircraft is responsible for parking and securing the aircraft. The aircraft should be parked on a ramp or in a hangar. If the aircraft is parked outside, it should be secured with doors locked (if applicable), chocked, and tied down if possible. Pilots are discouraged from storing keys in the tail cone or engine cowl in order to prevent aircraft damage due to FOD. Duluth Ramp Operations • All aircraft must be parked with chocks under each main gear and the parking brake set, • The parking first row of “T”s on the customer service ramp are reserved for customers or VIP guests only. Move corporate aircraft soon after dropping VIP guests to make room for customer parking, • Move the aircraft from the customer service ramp to the mid field ramp for pre taxi tasks as soon as practical after engine start, • Minimize engine RPM on the customer service ramp, • Do not leave chocks on the customer service ramp, • Do not direct prop wash towards an open hanger, • Coordinate hanger usage with the Aircraft Delivery Pilot. Post Flight Inspection Pilots are encouraged to conduct an abbreviated inspection after each flight in order to identify maintenance issues that may have occurred during flight. A post flight inspection may allow the pilot to identify and resolve any AOG maintenance issues and reduce aircraft downtime. Pilots should pay attention to the following items during a post flight inspection: 1. Main landing gear ............................................................... Inspect Inspect the brake temperature sticker and general tire condition. Verify there are no brake fluid leaks. 2. Leading edge surfaces........................................................ Inspect Inspect for signs of impact or damage from a possible bird strike. 3. Upper and lower fuselage ................................................... Inspect Feb 2013