Polish Defence and Security Equipment Catalogue 2024

The Aurora Satellite Terminal by Thorium Space is an advanced device designed for satellite communication. Here is a detailed description of this terminal: Purpose and Applications: Mobility and Versatility: The Aurora terminal is de- signed for use in various field conditions, both stationary and mobile. It can be deployed on land, sea, and in the air. Integration with Various Networks: It is designed to work with different geostationary and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, providing global coverage and reliable connections. Technical Specifications: Advanced Phased Array Antenna Technology: The ter- minal is equipped with a phased array antenna that enables dynamic beam steering, ensuring high-quality connections even in challenging conditions. High Th roughput: Aurora offers high data through- put, crucial for transmitting large amounts of information, including HD video, data streaming, and other advanced applications. Energy Efficiency: The terminal is designed to consume minimal power, which is important for long-term opera- tions in remote locations. Features and Capabilities: Automatic Satellite Tracking: Aurora features automatic satellite tracking, providing stable and continuous connec- Aurora Satellite Terminal Thorium Space S.A. ▶ p. 223 tions without the need for manual intervention. Security and Encryption: The terminal offers advanced security and encryption features, ensuring secure data transmission. Ease of Installation and Use: The Aurora terminal is optimized for easy installation and operation, allowing for quick deployment and minimal training requirements. Applications: Humanitarian and Military Missions: Due to its reliabil- ity and mobility, Aurora is an ideal solution for humanitar- ian missions and military operations in harsh environments. Emergency Communications: The terminal can be used in emergency situations where traditional communication methods are unavailable or insufficient. Industrial and Commercial Use: Aurora is suitable for use in the oil and gas industry, maritime navigation, and transportation, where reliable communication is essential. Summary The Aurora satellite terminal by Thorium Space is a versa- tile and advanced satellite communication solution, offering high performance, reliability, and flexibility in various op- erational conditions. Its advanced technologies and features make it an ideal choice for a wide range of applications, from humanitarian missions to commercial and military use. 9 AEROSPACE & SPACE Civil aviation CAO Military Aviation Works No. 2 (WZL2) ▶ p. 210 Capabilities: t Authorized Service Centre for Cirrus and Diamond aircraft types: • planned 50 hours and 100 hours maintenance, annual maintenance and special maintenance; • repairs of composite structures; • Garmin and Avidyne avionics system maintenance; • CAPS system component maintenance. t renovation of paint coating /painting of aircraft; t Non-Destructive Testing (NDT); t professional aircraft cleaning; t filling of oxygen system; t filling of defrosting agent. The Authorized Service Centres for Cirrus and Diamond Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 2 S.A. (WZL2) is the Authorized Service Centre for Cirrus and Diamond aircraft types. ASC employees have been trained at the company’s U. S. headquarters in Duluth and have received relevant certificates of competence: Certificate of Completion Caps Technician, Maintenance Excellence, Composites, Cer- tificate of Training Garmain & Avidyne. WZL2 Service Centre has been equipped with a number of diagnostic devices for Cirrus aircraft, thanks to which it is possible to perform many specialist services and tests. The service is carried out after: 50 hours, 100 hours, one year, while other repairs are carried out in accordance with the ap- proval or after consultation with the manufacturer and Civil Aviation Authority. It is also possible to buy parts and accessories at the Service Center. CAO Continuing airworthiness management is based on a certificate (PART M/G) issued by the Civil Aviation Au- thority (PART M/G) on the basis of relevant maintenance programs and contracts with aircraft operators. Certificates: t CAO is a certified Comprehensive Airworthiness Organization, certificate No. PL.CAO.0016 t approval of the national organization NCAO, certificate PL.NCAO.0003 10 AEROSPACE & SPACE Scope of the approval: t Cirrus SR20, SR22, SR22T, t Diamond DA20 (Continental or Rotax engine), t Diamond DA40 (Austro Engine, Technify or Lycoming engine), t Diamond DA42 (Austro Engine or Technify engine), t Diamond DA62, t Diamond DV20 (Rotax engine). t Sonex LL (Special Category), t Vans RV-8, RV-10, t Cessna 150, 152, 172, 182 For the above mentioned types, CAO may either extend the validity of the ARC or issue a new ARC. 11 AEROSPACE & SPACE CreoSky 6000 the solution for Space Situational Awareness, Surveillance and Tracking needs Creotech Instruments S.A. ▶ p. 198 A dedicated solution tailored for Space Situational Aware- ness (SSA) and Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) needs, combining a capable sCMOS camera with built-in SoC enabling initial data post-processing by implemented algorithms. The solution allows for stand-alone camera operations and enables user algorithms to be run on the built-in comput- ing resources, enabling to tailor the solution to specific client-use cases. AEROSPACE & SPACE 12 Design and production of aviation products Military Aviation Works No. 2 (WZL2) ▶ p. 210 Blok 2E-ME on-board integrated control and warning system ”EKRAN” IFF System Interface type CITB-29 Advantages of the 2E ME block use: t full compatibility with the 2E-01 block; t the possibility of recording up to 500 messages in the internal memory of the 2E-ME block (twice as much as on LM-35P tape of the 2E-01 block); t the possibility of viewing recorded messages on the 2E ME block display; ergonomics and operating comfort; t safe data archiving and documentation on a computer or printout; quick playback of check results on a computer and printout; t elimination of an expensive LM-35P tape use; t lack of necessity of periodical works performance (e.g. cleaning of print head needle, cleaning of a roller pressing a tape, adjustment of a supply spool clutch, etc. in the block 2E-01). Technical parameters: t power supply DC: nominal +27V; t consumed power: max. 50W; t transmission type: Mil-Bus 1553B, ARINC 429, RS232; t discreet inputs/outputs; t device readiness to start operation: < 2s; t weight: < 2,5kg. The 2E-ME unit is used for presentation of messages from the 1E block on a LED display and for recording them in the operational memory. There are three luminous guides on the 2E block (FAIL, TURN, MEMORY), two buttons for block menu operation and connection (DATA) which enables data readout from the internal memory. Interface CITB-29 serves for integrating the IFF system of type e.g. AN/APX 125, DPX 7 with the existing systems on aircraft like: C-130, C-295, or MiG 29. It may also be applied on other kinds of aircraft equipped with a tran- sponder or interrogator of the IFF system. The interface enables to process and select data for modes: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 Level 2, MC, and MS EHS of the IFF system. Interface CITB-29 for external commu- nication utilizes interface MIL-Bus 1553B, ARINC429. Interface CITB-29 complies with environmental conditions according to NO-06-A103, NO-06-A105 and NO-06-A107. TRUST IN THE BEST WOJSKOWE ZAKŁADY LOTNICZE NO. 2 S.A. Szubińska 107 85-915 Bydgoszcz, Poland phone: +48 52 36 28 601 sekretariat@wzl2.mil.pl www.wzl2.mil.pl/en Blok 2E-ME on-board integrated control and warning system ”EKRAN” The 2E-ME unit is used for presentation of messages from the block 1E on a LED display and for recor them in the operational memory. There are three luminous guides on the block 2E (FAIL, TURN, MEMO two buttons for block menu operation and connection (DATA) which enables data readout from the int memory. The block 2E-ME kit consists of: > block 2E-ME; > service manual. The additional equipment of block 2E-ME consists of: > external memory 2E-MP (1 unit per 4 aircraft); > memory reader 2E-MC with connection cable; > software. Advantages of the 2E ME block use: > full compatibility with the block 2E-01; > the possibility of recording up to 500 messages in the intern memory of the block 2E-ME (twice as much as on LM-35P tape block 2E-01); > the possibility of viewing recorded messages on the 2E ME b display; > ergonomics and operating comfort; > safe data archiving and documentation on a computer or pri > quick playback of check results on a computer and printout; > elimination of an expensive LM-35P tape use; > lack of necessity of periodical works performance (e.g. clean print head needle, cleaning of a roller pressing a tape, adjustm a supply spool clutch, etc. in the block 2E-01). COMPANY CATALOGUES rface CITB-29 serves for integrating the IFF system of type e.g. AN/APX 125, DPX 7 with the existing tems on aircraft like: C-130, C-295, or MiG 29. It may also be applied on other kinds of aircraft equipped h a transponder or interrogator of the IFF system. interface enables to process and select data for modes: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 Level 2, MC, and MS EHS of IFF system. Interface CITB-29 for external communication utilizes interface MIL-Bus 1553B, ARINC429. r face CITB-29 complies with environmental conditions according to NO-06-A103, NO-06-A105, and IFF System Interface Type CITB-29 TRUST IN THE BEST Interface CITB-29 serves for integrating the IFF system of type e.g. systems on aircraft like: C-130, C-295, or MiG 29. It may also be appli with a transponder or interrogator of the IFF system. The interface enables to process and select data for modes: M1, M2, the IFF system. Interface CITB-29 for external communication utilizes i Interface CITB-29 complies with environmental conditions accord NO-06-A107. IFF System Interface Type CITB-29 Technical pa > power sup > consumed > transmissio > discreet in > device read > weight: < 2 WOJSKOWE ZAKŁADY LOTNICZE NO. 2 S.A. Interface CITB-29 installed on a Polish Air Force MiG-29M aircraft. COMPANY CATALOGUES AEROSPACE & SPACE 13 PS-COM-01 Control Panel Technical data: t DC power supply: nominal +27V; t absorbed power: max. 10W; t display: alphanumeric LED [two-rowed, 8 characters in each row]; t number of symbols/characters simultaneously displayed on the screen: 16; t frequency range: 100,000÷149,975MHz with a step 25kHz; 220÷399,975MHz with a step 25kHz; t transmission type: 2D3A, ARINC-429, RS-485; t readiness to work: does not exceed 2s; t weight: does not exceed 1kg. The PS-COM-01 control panel is used for R-862 radio sta- tion control. The unit enables memorization of up to 100 frequency channels with ascribed names, operation with two frequencies (awaiting-edited and working), direct choice of frequency, frequency monitoring via the superior panel (slave mode), as well as cooperation of the radio sta- tion and MDP mission computer (ARINC 429). The PS-COM-01 can be also used for control of a differ- ent type of a radio station equipped with the ARINC 429 interface. Interface CITB-29 complies with environmental conditions according to NO-06-A103, NO-06-A105 and NO-06-A107. TRUST IN THE BEST WOJSKOWE ZAKŁADY LOTNICZE NO. 2 S.A. Szubińska 107 85-915 Bydgoszcz, Poland phone: +48 52 36 28 601 sekretariat@wzl2.mil.pl www.wzl2.mil.pl/en The PS-COM-01 control panel is used for R-862 radio station control. The unit enables memorizat 100 frequency channels with ascribed names, operation with two frequencies (awaiting-edited an direct choice of frequency, frequency monitoring via the superior panel (slave mode), as well as c of the radio station and MDP mission computer (ARINC 429). The PS-COM-01 can be also used for control of a different type of a radio station equipped with 429 interface. PS-COM-01 frontal panel external dimensions The PS-COM-01 control panel fulfils environmental conditions consistent with NO-06-A103, NO-06-A105, NO-06-A107. Technical data: > DC power supply: nominal +27V; > absorbed power: max. 10W; > display: alphanumeric LED [two-row characters in each row]; > number of symbols/characters simul displayed on the screen: 16; > frequency range: 100,000÷149,975M 25kHz; 220÷399,975MHz with a step 25 > transmission type: 2D3A, ARINC-429, > readiness to work: does not exceed 2 > weight: does not exceed 1kg. PS-COM-01 Control Panel COMPANY CATALOGUES WOJSKOWE ZAKŁADY LOTNICZE NO. 2 S.A. Szubińska 107 85-915 Bydgoszcz, Poland phone: +48 52 36 28 601 sekretariat@wzl2.mil.pl www.wzl2.mil.pl/en The PS-COM-01 control panel is used for R-862 radio station control. The unit enables memorization of up to 100 frequency channels with ascribed names, operation with two frequencies (awaiting-edited and working), direct choice of frequency, frequency monitoring via the superior panel (slave mode), as well as cooperation of the radio station and MDP mission computer (ARINC 429). The PS-COM-01 can be also used for control of a different type of a radio station equipped with the ARINC 429 interface. PS-COM-01 frontal panel external dimensions The PS-COM-01 control panel fulfils environmental conditions consistent with NO-06-A103, NO-06-A105, NO-06-A107. Technical data: > DC power supply: nominal +27V; > absorbed power: max. 10W; > display: alphanumeric LED [two-rowed, 8 characters in each row]; > number of symbols/characters simultaneously displayed on the screen: 16; > frequency range: 100,000÷149,975MHz with a step 25kHz; 220÷399,975MHz with a step 25kHz; > transmission type: 2D3A, ARINC-429, RS-485; > readiness to work: does not exceed 2s; > weight: does not exceed 1kg. PS-COM-01 Control Panel ANY GUES T- CITB-29 TESTER TESTER T-CITB-29 provides for checking the following parameters: t co-operation with PS-CIT-01; t co-operation with CIT AN/APX-125; t co-operation with the navigation-targeting complex; t inputs/outputs ARINC 429; t data bus MIL-BUS-1553; t configuration inputs. The TESTER T-CITB-29 device set involves the following: t device TESTER T-CITB-29; t operating manual; t power supply set; t harnesses for connection to interface CITB-29. TRUST IN THE BEST Device TESTER T-CITB-29 serves for complex checks, periodic maintenance and troubleshooting of interface T-CITB-29 TESTER The Tester is designed for MROs and aviation military units operating aircraft equipped with interface CITB-29. TESTER T-CITB-29 serves for complex checks, periodic maintenance and troubleshooting of interface CITB-29 failures. The device has been located in a suitcase-shaped transport container Explorer Cases providing for its high portability. 14 T-PS-CIT-01 TESTER The T-PS-CIT-01 tester provides checking of: t RS485 communication between PS-CIT-01 remote control unit and peripheral devices, t ARINC 429 communication between PS-CIT-01 remote control unit and peripheral devices; t discrete input and output signals of PS-CIT-01 remote control unit; t keyboard and the remaining manual elements of PS-CIT-01 remote control unit; t backlight control systems of the PS-CIT-01 remote control unit display; t PS-CIT-01 remote control unit power supply. T-PS-CIT-01 tester is used for comprehensive checking, periodical maintenance and fault location of PS-CIT-01 remote control unit. The tester is placed in the Explorer Cases which provides high mobility. TRUST IN THE BEST T-PS-CIT-01 TESTER T-PS-CIT-01 tester is used for comprehensive checking, periodical maintenance and fault location of PS-CIT-01 remote control unit. The tester is placed in the Explorer Cases which provides high mobility. The T-PS-CIT-01 tester set consists of: t T-PS-CIT-01 tester; t operation manual; t wireless keyboard; t connection harnesses. Remote Control Unit for IFF System type PS-CIT-01 Technical parameters: t DC power supply: nominal +27V; t power input: max. 27W; t communication type: ARINC 429 2xOUT/1xIN RS485; t readiness to work: < 2s; t weight: < 1kg. Remote Control Unit (RCU) PS-CIT-01 is used for control of IFF system type e.g. AN/APX 125 on MiG 29M aircraft, DPX 7 on MiG 29UBM aircraft. It can also be used on other aircraft equipped with a transponder, interrogator of IFF system. The PS-CIT-01 enables control and selec- tion of data for the following modes: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 Level 2, MC and MS EHS of IFF system and displaying settings for an interrogator operation mode for AN/APX 125 unit. TRUST IN THE BEST COMPANY CATALOGUES Remote Control Unit for IFF System type PS-CIT- Remote Control Unit (RCU) PS-CIT-01 is used for control of IFF system type e.g AN/A aircraft, DPX 7 on MiG 29UBM aircraft. It can also be used on other aircraft equipped interrogator of IFF system. The PS-CIT-01 enables control and selection of data for the f M2, M3, M4, M5 Level 2, MC and MS EHS of IFF system and displaying settings for an in mode for AN/APX 125 unit. For external communication, the PS-CIT-01 uses interface ARINC429 or RS485. Infor on the 3ATI display with the resolution of 480x480 pixels. The PS-CIT-01 is adapted f NVIS mode. The remote control unit satisfies environmental conditions in accordanc NO-06-A105, NO-06-A107. Technical parameters: > DC power supply: nominal +27V; > power input: max. 27W; > communication type: ARINC 429 2 > readiness to work: < 2s; > weight: < 1kg. Remote Control Unit PS-CIT-01 installed on the Polish Air Force MiG-29M aircraft WOJSKOWE ZAKŁADY LOTNICZE NO. 2 S.A. Szubińska 107 85-915 Bydgoszcz, Poland phone: +48 52 36 28 601 sekretariat@wzl2.mil.pl www.wzl2.mil.pl/en COMPANY CATALOGUES Remote Control Unit for IFF System type PS-CIT-01 Remote Control Unit (RCU) PS-CIT-01 is used for control of IFF system type e.g AN/APX 125 on MiG 29M aircraft, DPX 7 on MiG 29UBM aircraft. It can also be used on other aircraft equipped with a transponder, interrogator of IFF system. The PS-CIT-01 enables control and selection of data for the following modes: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 Level 2, MC and MS EHS of IFF system and displaying settings for an interrogator operation mode for AN/APX 125 unit. For external communication, the PS-CIT-01 uses interface ARINC429 or RS485. Information is displayed on the 3ATI display with the resolution of 480x480 pixels. The PS-CIT-01 is adapted for operation on the NVIS mode. The remote control unit satisfies environmental conditions in accordance with NO-06-A103, NO-06-A105, NO-06-A107. Technical parameters: > DC power supply: nominal +27V; > power input: max. 27W; > communication type: ARINC 429 2xOUT/1xIN RS485; > readiness to work: < 2s; > weight: < 1kg. Remote Control Unit PS-CIT-01 installed on the Polish Air Force MiG-29M aircraft For external communication, the PS-CIT-01 uses in- terface ARINC429 or RS485. Information is displayed on the 3ATI display with the resolution of 480x480 pix- els. The PS-CIT-01 is adapted for operation on the NVIS mode. The remote control unit satisfies environmental conditions in accordance with NO-06-A103, NO-06-A105, NO-06-A107. AEROSPACE & SPACE 15 AEROSPACE & SPACE DRAGONFLY Loitering Ammunition System (LMS) Military Aviation Works No. 2 (WZL2) ▶ p. 210 DragonFly opens up a new line of loitering munitions based on the unmanned aerial vehicle platform for military purposes, more and more willingly and increasingly often used by armies worldwide on modern battlefields. The system can be used independently or carried/transported by land units or special troops. DragonFly is an alterna- tive to anti-tank ATGMs thanks to the ability to operate within a much larger radius, allowing the detection and observation of a potential target in a relatively high time comfort. The core of the DragonFly is the carrier of verti- cal take-off and landing warheads in the quadrocopter system, constituting a unique solution on a global scale. The use of small size loitering munitions, allowing for ver- tical take-off, landing and hovering in the air, opens up a new direction in conducting operations on the modern battlefield. The system’s functionality makes it possible to be applied satisfactorily in combat missions carried out by Territorial Defence Forces or Special Forces. System can be used by one solider/operator. After start- ing the system, operator searches for a target, indicates it and gives the command to attack. In ATTACK mode, LMS flies straight to the indicated target, continuing the mission even in case of losing communication with the GCP. Cancelling the attack procedure, changing the target or disarming the warhead is possible only if radio communication is main- tained. Neutralization of the target can also be executed manually in any time using the explosion button on the GCP. This function can be useful for example, when LMS is located over or close to the target (in the field of destruction). This system does not rely on GPS and can be operated fully without GPS signal, which makes it resistant to jamming. ADVANTAGES t The greatest advantage of the system is its mobility, which is achieved by its low weight, small dimensions and a very short time of system start-up. t The entire system is carried by one soldier in a specially designed backpack. t Remote system of warhead arming and disarming; t Resistance to interference during the attack phase; t Resistance to constant rainfall and dust; t Stand-alone system or carried or transported by subunit of land or special forces; t An alternative to anti-tank guided missiles providing a much larger radius of action; t Allows to detect and observe a potential target in relatively high time comfort; t The system was designed to carry out combat operations, both in open and urban areas. TECHNICAL DATA Dimensions Rotor span 700 mm Length with warhead 900 mm Weight 5 kg Range 10 km Ceiling 500 m Hovering flight time 20 minutes Speed 0 ÷ 120 km/h Service 1 soldier Temperature range from -10 to 40C Flight modes: t ALT HOLD (NONGPS) t POS HOLD (GPS) t PATROL (GPS) t PATROL (NONGPS) t GRID (GPS) t ATTACK (GPS) t ATTACK (NONGPS) t RTL (GPS) POSSIBLE WARHEADS: cumulative GK-1 HEAT, thermobaric GTB-1 FAE, fragmentation GO-1 HE, training GO-1 HE-TP / GO-1 HE-TR 16 AEROSPACE & SPACE Product description: Dronehub delivers cutting-edge drone-in-a-box solutions for various industrial needs, such as critical infrastruc- ture monitoring, public safety, defence, and autonomous inspections. Our innovative UAV technology ensures drones are versatile, durable, and smart. Features: t Compatibility: Our docks work with many drones, from multi-rotors to electric helicopters, ensuring flexibility. t Automated operation: Supports intelligent charging and optional battery swapping for uninterrupted use. t Durability and security: Built to endure extreme weather (-40°C to +50°C) and tamper-proof for reliable operation. t Environment control: Includes climate management and fire safety systems for optimal performance. t Secure communication: Features a secure protocol for safe data transfer and various connectivity options, including an off-the-grid solution. t AI-driven control: Offers AI cloud for automated control, mission planning, and data analysis, boosting operation efficiency. Applications: t Critical infrastructure: Provides smart inspections, real-time monitoring, and integration with security systems for thorough management. t Public safety and defence: Supports essential safety measures, CBRNE protection, and off-the-grid operations for military use. t Autonomous inspections: Leads in autonomous long-range inspections, including AI-enhanced railway assessments. DRONEHUB – Drone-in-a-box solution Dronehub Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 200 17 AEROSPACE & SPACE ESA ECSS Qualified Board Support Package for SAMRH71F20 N7 Space Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 213 Technical highlights t Static memory allocation t Object-oriented design t No dependency on any external library t Used as a base for BSW – tested in flight software t ESA ECSS qualification test suite and data pack Drivers supported t FPU – Floating Point Unit t GMAC – Ethernet t MCAN – Controller Area Network t MPU – Memory Protection Unit t NVIC – Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller t PIO – Parallel Input/Output Controller t PMC – Power Management Controller t PWM – Pulse Width Modulation Controller t RSTC – Reset Controller t RSWDT – Reinforced Safety Watchdog Timer t RTC – Real-time Clock t RTT – Real-time Timer t SCB – System Control Block t SDRAMC – SDRAM Controller t SPI – Serial Peripheral Interface t SUPC – Supply Controller t SYSTICK – System timer t TIC – Timer Counter t TWIHS – Two-wire Interface t UART – Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter t WDT – Watchdog Timer t XDMAC – DMA Controller t HEFC – Hardened Embedded Flash Controller t FLEXCOM – Flexible Serial Communication Controller t FLEXRAMECC – FlexRAM Memory and Embedded Hardened ECC Controller t HEFC – Hardened Embedded Flash Controller t MATRIX – Bus Matrix t SPW – SpaceWire t TCMHECC – TCM Hardened Error Correction Code ESA ECSS Qualified Bootloader for SAMRH71F20 N7 Space Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 213 Main features t Boot SW qualified for criticality C, free of charge update to criticality B version (2023) t Compliant to ECSS-E-ST-40C and ECSS-Q-ST-80C standards t Compliant to European Space Agency Flight Computer Initialization Sequence Generic Specification (SAVOIR) requirements Technical highlights t Model based PUS-C TC/TM stack developed using ASN.1/ACN modelling supported by ESA asn1scc compiler t Self-test of the critical CPU modules t Failure reporting through boot and death reports t Bare metal design (no RTOS used) t ESA ECSS qualification test suite and data pack TC/TM link t PUS-C TC/TM stack with data model defined in ASN.1 t TC/TM link available on UART interface t Functionalities provided by PUS-C services: 1, 3, 5, 6, 17, 20 t Delivered with ASN.1 source files and ICD generated by asn1scc compiler Self-test features t Initialization self-test performing following checks t Bootloader integrity t SRAM and SDRAM memory tests t Functionality of SPI, UART Other t Configuration vector allowing to: • set default application software image header • disable/enable memory caches • disable self-testing t Additional custom configuration and delta qualification possible 18 AEROSPACE & SPACE FLYEYE mini Unmanned Aerial System WB Electronics ▶ p. 224 FlyEye is a mini Unmanned Air System (UAS), that is used for intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance of the bat- tlefield, sensitive areas, national borders, natural disasters, or large public events. The reliability and usability of the FlyEye System, have been tested and proven during many field evaluations around the world, as well as during active service in combat zones with the Polish Armed Forces. The system has been subject to field evaluations during both day and night and in extreme environmental conditions such as high wind, high and low temperatures, increased humidity and altitude changes. The FlyEye UAV is hand-launched, which allows it to be operated in tight spaces, such as urban areas or forest clearings and maximally simplifies logistics. Before the UAV lands, it rejects its battery and payload container. Then the UAV glides towards the operator-specified landing location. Not only does this ensures effective protection of the most expensive part of the system, i.e. the observation head, but it also facilitates control over the UAV in the last stage of the flight, helping to minimize its speed. The observation head with two cameras (visible light and IR) attached under the fuselage provides significantly bet- ter observation options and a function for rapid switching between the two video feeds. The whole system is operated by only two operators and can be securely stowed in two backpacks. This UAV’s ease of assembly and disassembly, modular design and launch readiness, which can achieved in 15 min- utes, makes it usable in almost any terrain conditions, even for small squads. 19 AEROSPACE & SPACE Giez/WarbleFly Loitering Ammunition System Military Institute of Armament Technology ▶ p. 211 The system is equipped with GX-4 warheads specially de- signed for this purpose by WITU /mass of about 1.6 kg/. The GX-4 warheads family consists of: t GO-4 HE /high explosive/ warhead – used to strike personnel, unarmoured vehicles and machine gun nests. The lethal radius – 30 m t GK-4 HEAT shaped charge warhead – a warhead used to destroy medium and lightly armoured vehicles and MBT. Armor penetration capability – min. 350 mm RHA t GTB-4 FAE thermobaric warhead – a warhead used to destroy unarmoured vehicles, anti-personnel (including hidden) and bunkers and shelters. Range of effective striking – 20 m t GO-1 HE-TR training warhead – a non-explosive training warhead used for operator training Technical data: t Dimensions of the shipping container [mm] 200×200×1350 t Aircraft length [mm] 1075 t Aircraft span [mm] 1660 t Aircraft mass with launch tray – launcher [kg] <12 t Aircraft mass in flight with warhead [kg] 5.8 t Flight duration [min] 30 t Flight range (limited by data link) [km] >10 t Flight altitude during patrolling and search targets above ground level [m] 120÷200 t Maximum altitude (above sea level) [m] 2000 t Flight time to a target 10 km away [min] 8 t Patrolling time in the area of the potential target [min] 20 t Velocity during patrolling [km/h] 80÷105 t Velocity during attack [km/h] 150 Airframe loitering ammunition system for precision target strike. The system consists of a transport tray – a UAV launcher, an aerial platform with a warhead, a ground C2 station and a tracking antenna. The system is characterized by ease of operation, short time to prepare the platform for launch, and the ability to operate the system by one soldier. 20 AEROSPACE & SPACE HUSSAR Portable X-Band Radar SpaceForest Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 219 XY-Sensing Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 226 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Parameter min typical max unit Frequency range 9 11 GHz Antenna polarization V/V Range (radar to target) 150 15000 m Max altitude 5000 m Finest range resolution 30 15 cm Finest range cross-resolution 30 cm Elevation angle of the beam 65 ° Supply voltage 2536 52 V Supply power 180 W Antenna stabilization in azimuth (mechanical) -20 20 ° Weight 10 kg Temperature range -10 50 °C Dimension (LxWxH) 120 x 20 x 20 cm Specifications subject to change without notice. FEATURES & BENEFITS t Range up to 15 km t Operating on Strip SAR mode t Antenna with gimbal stabilization t Onboard real-time SAR processor t Ground base post-processing station t Linear polarization t FMCW radar (LPI – low probability interception) Radar solution developed and offered in partnership with XY-Sensing. HUSSAR portable X-band radar (SAR), which can be at- tached to an unmanned aircraft, allows terrain scanning and motion detection using electromagnetic waves with a resolution of up to 15 cm. The radar can be used for surveillance of security areas, for example by border guards, police and firefighters, to detect and track suspicious and unauthorized drones and ve- hicles, but also in surveying, mapping and land monitoring. 21 AEROSPACE & SPACE HUUVER – a hybrid drone capable of moving both on land and in the air Dronehub Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 200 HUUVER is a revolutionary drone combining aerial and terrestrial capabilities, developed by a seven-partner EU consortium led by Dronehub. It represents the apex of UAV- UGV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle – Unmanned Ground Vehicle) technology, offering unmatched versatility to oper- ate across various terrains. Capable of flying, sitting, driv- ing, climbing, and executing vertical takeoffs and land- ings, HUUVER addresses the limitations of current UAV models, making it ideal for diverse professional missions including search and rescue and patrol tasks. Its unique ability to navigate difficult ground areas enhances its use- fulness and operational scope. Incorporating the Galileo navigation system, HUUVER ensures high accuracy and reliability for critical missions through precise navigation and authentication services. Its operational framework is supported by a sophisticated server application that streamlines mission planning and management, improving mission control and efficiency. Ad- ditionally, a mobile device tool simplifies mission launch HTP grade with a concentration of up to 98% is ideal for customers who value ease of use and concern for the envi- ronment. Hydrogen peroxide is very simple to store – just containers at room temperature. The whole process of han- dling from storage through application does not require specialized equipment and restrictive safety measures that generate significant costs. Plastic protective clothing is enough for handling. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen, so it is friendly for the environ- ment and personnel. It is the second strongest oxidant after liquid oxygen. and control, highlighting HUUVER’s focus on user-friendly design for professional drone operators. HUUVER is a cutting-edge solution in UAV-UGV technol- ogy, tailored for a broad spectrum of applications. It stands out for its robustness, versatility, and precision, ready to meet the future challenges of professional drone operations. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2) HTP Jakusz Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 206 Intended use Hydrogen Peroxide HTP is ideal for rocket industry. It is the only substance which has itself the features of being both a propellant and an oxidizer. Due to this property it can be used as an oxidizer for satellite correction engines or as a propellant for gas generators used in auxiliary power units (APU). 22 AEROSPACE & SPACE HyperSat a reliable, multi-mission microsatellite platform Creotech Instruments S.A. ▶ p. 198 HyperSat is a family of versatile microsatellite platforms developed in Poland by Creotech Instruments S.A, which can be easily integrated with a variety of payloads and launched to Low Earth Orbit. Two configurations of ITAR-free platforms are available: Eagle 60 to 80 kg total satellite mass, optimised for ca. 1m reso- lution Earth Observation reconnaissance payloads, but adaptable to a variety of other payloads. Kestrel 15 to 25 kg total satellite mass, optimised for ca. 4m resolu- tion Earth Observation reconnaissance payloads, equipped with laser-based intersatellite links, capable of operating as swarms in close proximity formations. Other possible payloads include: SAR, SIGINT, PNT, COMM, and more. All HyperSat platforms are customised to fit specific client mission requirements, and include en- crypted S-band / X-band communication links. All platforms are delivered with optional secure ground segment as a service or as a deployable system set up at customer’s chosen site. Full ownership of the spacecraft can be transferred to the end-user. Support from Creotech Instruments available throughout the entire delivery timeline: from requirements specification to ongoing support during nominal mission operations (if required). HyperSat family of microsatellite platforms won the main award in the Military Reconnaissance Equipment cat- egory at the 2023 International Defence Industry Exhibition. 23 AEROSPACE & SPACE HyperSat Eagle HR EO a 1-2m GSD high resolution Earth Observation microsatellite Creotech Instruments S.A. ▶ p. 198 HyperSat Eagle HR EO enables high-resolution (<2m GSD) Earth Observation in the visible and near infrared parts of the spectrum. Eagle HR EO is constructed and manufac- tured to the highest quality standards, adhering to tailored ECSS requirements. The first in-orbit demonstration satel- lite has been flight-qualified and is scheduled for launch in July 2024. Key features of HyperSat Eagle HR EO: t A high-resolution (1-2m GSD) VIS + NIR Earth Observation capability. t High pointing accuracy (APE < 0.11°, AKE < 0.014° and RPE < 0.005°) ensures precise data collection during missions. t Implemented CCSDS/PUS communication standards enable easy connectivity with S- and X-band ground stations and ground systems. t Fast communication (up to 1 Mbps in S-band, 50Mbps in X-band) and AES-128 encryption ensure comms security. t Redundancy implemented by design increases resiliency and extends the mission lifetime to 5 years. t Compatibility with major established launch systems enables swift delivery to orbit. t Optional chemical or electrical propulsion systems allow complex orbit manoeuvring. t Satellite registration, launch and mission operations are optional services provided by Creotech to ensure mission success. t HyperSat Eagle is an ITAR-free product. 24 AEROSPACE & SPACE ICEYE’S Latest Generation Satellite ICEYE Polska Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 204 Overview Ground Resolution Up to 0.25 m Bandwidth 1200 MHz Carrier frequency 9.8 GHz Peak radiated RF power 6.6 kW SAR Antenna 2.6 m2 Polarization: VV Look direction Left and right Nominal incidence ang. 15-35 degr. Communication S-/X-band X-band downlink Up to 500 Mbps Propulsion Ion Battery: 1.4 kWh Onboard storage 1TB Mass 170-190 KG System is sized for excess of 3 years of life 5 SOLAR PANELS Peak power generation 315 W For governments and commercial clients, ICEYE really has changed what is possible from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Earth observation. Our New Space approach has made it possible for clients to purchase one or more of the latest generation of ICEYE SAR satellites. We are the only organization in the world to offer high-precision SAR satel- lites for direct purchase. We also offer full launch services, training and support, plus access to additional data from our own constellation. Designed for Flexibility The design of our unique satellite and antenna lets you take a wide range of operational approaches. By mechani- cally manoeuvring the satellite and electronically steering the radar beam, you can quickly and easily scan large ar- eas in low resolution and zoom in at high resolution when needed. This enables unprecedented operational capability. Powerful and Affordable Until now, SAR satellite missions have used large and expensive platforms carrying massive payloads. Our novel SAR system is a miniaturized, active phased array sensor mounted on a small satellite platform, enabling the frequent imaging of any AOI and making our SAR satellites powerful and affordable by design. Operational, Proven, Trusted We’ve launched over 30 satellites since 2018 with 10+ more planned for 2024 and beyond. As the only New Space company with the proven ability to design, build and supply new-era SAR Earth observation satellites, we are already trusted by governments and organizations across the globe. If you are interested in procuring ICEYE satellites, please get in contact and we would be happy to provide a tailored solution to meet your requirements. ADCS: Star tracker, GPS and sensors, reaction wheels and torque rods - 3 axis 0,1 degr. STEERABLE DIRECT DOWNLINK X-BAND ANTENNA DOUBLE WIDE SAR ANTENNA Both electronic and mechanical steering in elevation and azimuth directions 25 AEROSPACE & SPACE ICEYE SAR imaging modes: Up to 25 cm Resolution. Up to 84.000 km 2 Scene size. ICEYE’s unique Antenna is an electronically steered phased array that can be controlled to enable a range of imaging modes for demanding operational needs. Location: English Channel 26 AEROSPACE & SPACE A comparison between two ICEYE images (SLEA and Dwell) of an erupting volcano in Iceland Proprietary | ICEYE 2024 9 / 16 More satellites, more coverage Very precise change detection Utilizing change detection techniques, it’s possible to identify highly accurate ground change every 24 hours, including things like movement of a vehicle along a track or lava flow during a volcano eruption. Each image in a stack has the exact same geometry, radiance and phase, which enables millimeter-level change detection. GRINDAVIK VOLCANO ERUPTION, ICELAND A COMPARISON BE T WEEN T WO ICE YE SAR SATELLITE IMAGES OF AN ERUPTING VOLCANO ON THE RE YKJANES PENINSUL A IN ICEL AND, ACQUIRED ON DECEMBER 19, 2023(LEF T ) AND JANUARY 14, 2024(RIGHT ), USING SPOT EX TENDED AREA MODE (LEF T ) & DWELL MODE (RIGHT ). SEE HOW THE L ANDSCAPE NEAR THE ERUPTING VOLCANO HAS CHANGED, DUE TO THE SPREAD OF L AVA. Proprietary | ICEYE 2024 9 / 16 More satellites, more coverage Very precise change detection Utilizing change detection techniques, it’s possible to identify highly accurate ground change every 24 hours, including things like movement of a vehicle along a track or lava flow during a volcano eruption. Each image in a stack has the exact same geometry, radiance and phase, which enables millimeter-level change detection. GRINDAVIK VOLCANO ERUPTION, ICELAND A COMPARISON BE T WEEN T WO ICE YE SAR SATELLITE IMAGES OF AN ERUPTING VOLCANO ON THE RE YKJANES PENINSUL A IN ICEL AND, ACQUIRED ON DECEMBER 19, 2023(LEF T ) AND JANUARY 14, 2024(RIGHT ), USING SPOT EX TENDED AREA MODE (LEF T ) & DWELL MODE (RIGHT ). SEE HOW THE L ANDSCAPE NEAR THE ERUPTING VOLCANO HAS CHANGED, DUE TO THE SPREAD OF L AVA. + TRYB DWELL WYKRYWANIE OBIEKTÓW STWORZONYCH PRZEZ CZŁOWIEKA Dwell Mode CSI (Colorized Subaperture Image) emphasizing man-made objects using various colors AEROSPACE & SPACE Scan Mode enables large-area monitoring, even up to 84,000 sq. km per acquisition, as depicted More satellites, more coverage Very precise change detection. Utilizing change detection techniques, it’s possible to Identify highly accurate ground change every 24 hours, including such as movement of a vehicle along a track or lava flow during a volcano erup- tion. Each image in a stack has the exact same geometry, radiance and phase, which enables millimeter-level change detection. Scan mode Monitor vast sea areas. Enhance your maritime domain awareness t Particularly effective for maritime use cases t Empowering persistent visibility into large sea areas t Coast-to-coast coverage of key maritime routes Water level raster of Ukrainian Kakhovka Dam destruction, based on ICEYE imagery (Flood Solution) AEROSPACE & SPACE 27 VESSELS DETECTED: 66 AREA: 500 X 100 KM 28 AEROSPACE & SPACE M28 05 aircraft Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Sp. z o.o. (PZL Mielec) ▶ p. 215 Twin turbo-prop M28 05 airplane is designed – by out- standing Polish engineers – specifi cally for short takeoff and landing (STOL) missions. The multi-purpose utility aircraft has the shortest takeoff, the widest mission range, and the largest payload capacity in its class. Available in commercial (M28 05) and military versions (M28B Bryza). Powerful PT6A-65B turboprop engines, high lift wing, thrust reversing propellers and low-pressure tires allow the aircraft to operate from any type of runway, including high- elevation airfields. Depending on the mission, the aircraft is available in the following configurations: passenger, cargo, combi, VIP, parachuting, medical evacuation, maritime patrol (MPA), search and rescue (SAR). The floor construction and the attachment system allows the following equipment to be installed interchangeably: passenger seats, paratroop equip- ment, medical equipment, cargo and special equipment op- erator stations. The lower part of the fuselage accommodates joints for attaching the under fuselage luggage pod. Cargo loading and transport is provided by cargo hoist and rails on-board. A roller floor supports cargo drop. The radio navigation equipment allows for both VFR and IFR flights, day and night. A state-of-the art navigation sys- tems, advanced inertial platforms, weather radar, modified de-icing system make the M28 operable in all conditions. The M28 airplane has received many type-certificates including and European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). More than 100 M28 aircraft currently operate worlwide in both commercial and military configurations includ- ing 38 in the Polish Air Force (M28B Bryza) and Polish Border Guard. 29 AEROSPACE & SPACE MADDOS Multi-sensor Automatic Dron Detection & Observation System AP-FLYER ▶ p. 195 Features of the MADDOS system: t All-in-one solution t Combat-proven system t Effective against FPV drones and loitering munition t 360 x 90 protection coverage t Extremely high detection range t Detection of all UAV classes t Scalable for large areas and borders t Location of drone swarms and operators Software t Data fusion and correlation t C2 software based on standard NATO symbology t Sensor management from one application t Unified air picture System configurations: t stationary t man-portable t mobile mounted on vehicles Detection systems: t Passive RF sensor – detection of the communication signal between the drone and the operator with target 3D location t 4D Radar – detection of flying objects with classification to distinguish UAVs from birds t EOIR cameras – two-sensor optoelectronic on P&T unit for target confirmation and tracking Neutralization systems: t Multi-band jammers – interfere with the drone operator communication signal and the UAV navigation system t GNSS Spoofing – manipulation of the UAV’s GNSS receiver to force the drone to fly in the selected direction t ToC (Take over Control) – a system for detecting and taking control of drones and forcing them to land t Kamikaze drone – Hard-kill solution – autonomous drone kinetically engaging enemy drones t FCS Orion – integrated detection and hard-kill solution based on 23mm anti-aircraft cannon 30 AEROSPACE & SPACE MADDOS VTOL Vertical take-off and landing UAV AP-FLYER ▶ p. 195 VTOL 600h t Propulsion: Electric t Wingspan: 3.5m t MTOW: 22.5kg t Payload: 2kg t Flight time – up to 3h t Cruise speed: 72 km/h t Ready to fly in 15 min t Used for rapid, mid-range ISR missions t Silent operation t Communication range – up to 40km (LoS) t Flight controller meeting Aviation and MIL-STD standards t Anti-jamming capabilities – operational under EW conditions t Propulsion: Hybrid t Wingspan: 6m t MTOW: 110kg t Payload: 20kg t Flight time – up to 10h+ t Cruise speed: 115 km/h t Ready to fly in less than 60min t Used for long-endurance and long-range ISR missions t Multiple payload options – EOIR cameras, SAR radar, NADIR cameras, integration of users payload t Communication range – up to 150km (LoS) t Redundant flight controller meeting Aviation and MIL-STD standards t Anti-jamming capabilities – operational under EW conditions t VTOL - vertical take-off and landing t High endurance – up to 10h of flight t Suitable for every mission scenario t Modular design – fast field assembly t Fully automatic operation VTOL 350e Propulsion: Electric t Day and night operative t Long range data link – up to 150km (LoS) t Operations in GNSS denied environment 31 AEROSPACE & SPACE Maintenance of C-130 Hercules Military Aviation Works No. 2 (WZL2) ▶ p. 210 Capabilities: t Programmed Depot Maintenance (PDM); t HSC and ISO periodic maintenance; t Development of technical bulletins and preparation of ordered bulletins; t Upgrade of aircraft systems on site: replacement of airframe elements, replacement of aircraft system elements; t Removal of paint coating and painting of aircraft; t Checks and adjustments; t NDI (non-destructive inspections) of airframe structures and elements; t Components repair; t Design, production and operation of airport and hangar equipment; t Supply of spare parts and materials; t Implementation of other tasks required and stipulated by the contract. Experience We provide Polish and international customers with comprehensive and affordable versatile aviation solutions based on the highest qualifications and the commitment of employees. Credibility, responsibility, security and aware- ness of the importance of services for national defence are the company’s main aspirations. We have the necessary personnel, equipment and in- frastructure to perform repairs, periodic and depot main- tenance of C-130E and C-130H aircraft. Since 2010 our company has been executing C-130 maintenance contracts. Contracts for the PDM (Programmed Depot Mainte- nance) have been implemented since 2015 as ongoing sup- port in the field of maintenance, through repairs, improve- ments, delivery of technical material resources as well as development and implementation of technical bulletins. In January 2016, a new hangar was commissioned for use. It consists of two parts: an aircraft hangar that can accommodate two C-130 aircraft and a paint shop. 32 AEROSPACE & SPACE Maintenance of F-16 Military Aviation Works No. 2 (WZL2) ▶ p. 210 Capabilities: t Overhaul of landing gear LRUs (undercarriage struts, angle struts, shock absorbers, wheel axles); t Overhaul of hydraulics (tanks, actuators, valves); t Overhaul of electrical equipment (converters, control blocks, voltage regulators); t Overhaul of avionics (displays, armament control blocks, radio stations); t Paint coat removal using Plastic Media Blasting (PMB); t Ground Support Equipment (GSE) design and production; t Airframe painting; t Alternate Mission Equipment (AME) painting; t NDI (non-destructive inspections) of airframe structure. Experience We provide Polish and international customers with comprehensive and affordable versatile aviation solutions based on the highest qualifications and the commitment of employees. Credibility, responsibility, security and aware- ness of the importance of services for national defence are the company’s main aspirations. We have the necessary personnel, equipment and in- frastructure to perform repairs, periodic and depot main- tenance of F-16 aircraft. Within the scope of F-16 mainte- nance, we perform selective removal of paint coating by the PMB (Plastic Media Blasting) method. Additionally, we repaint aircraft in the Have Glass Il system. It is a special coating enabling reduction of effective reflecting surface (Radar Cross Section). 33 AEROSPACE & SPACE Maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO), Aircraft Painting Military Aviation Works No. 2 (WZL2) ▶ p. 210 Modern hangars Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 2 S.A. (WZL2) possesses a hangar with two halls with areas of 3,600 m 2 and 3,700 m 2 , where two planes ICAO code C (f.e. A320 or B737) or ICAO code D (f.e. Boeing 767 or Airbus A310) can be accom- modated. One hall is dedicated to the maintenance services for civilian passenger and transport aircraft and second hall is a modern painting shop. After completing maintenance service, we can offer paint the aircraft. The paint shop is equipped with state-of-the-art heating, humidification, ven- tilation, and lighting systems and much more. The second is separate hangar with 2 slots for maintenance type C for Embraer 170/190 aircraft. Capabilities: t line maintenance approval for Embraer ERJ 170/190, Base; t base maintenance approval for ERJ 170/190; t components repair and overhaul (brakes, wheels, batteries, composites, sheet metal); t line/base maintenance (Part 145) including: paintshop, engineering, workshops, demo flight assistance, aircraft weighting, engine/APU removal & installation; t comprehensive aircraft parking and storage services for approx. 20 aircraft; t maintenance of components (oxygen and fire protection systems; overhaul and repair of wheels, batteries) t aircraft painting; t mechanical or chemical paint stripping; t surface preparation, paint and anti-corrosive coat spreading; t application of all types of painting systems High Solid / Base Coat Clear Coat/ VIP Finishes; t Application of decorative films. Certificates In accordance with the EASA PART-145 WZL2 offers line, base and workshop aircraft maintenance. The com- pany assists in the preparation of documentation, analyzing defects, and solving technical problems. WZL2 provides maintenance for aircraft ERJ 170/190. The most modern painting shop in Europe: t All types of painting system application (high solid, base coat, clear coat, etc.); t Environmental protection (waste water cleaning, air fi lters); t Electrostatic painting system (extremely reduced amount of dust and waste of paint); t LED lightning system providing neutral temperature of light (day light). WZL2 paints whole aircraft or their parts such as fuse- lages, wings, cabin interior and some aircraft components. The process starts with status verification (incoming inspec- tion). The highly skilled technicians use the latest industrial tools, equipment and consumables. The paint shop allows removing aircraft-paint by surface sanding or chemical stripping and application of a new layer. Logo design and aircraft sticker application can be carried out at the paint. Painting processes are top and environment friendly. The paint shop uses the latest technology dedicated to re- painting process – for example BaseCoat/ClearCoat and chromate free materials that comply with REACH EU regulations. However, the painting of an aircraft is more than just colour and first impressions. It also protects and preserves the aircraft’s value. 34 AEROSPACE & SPACE Mobile DRONEHUB Dronehub Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 200 The Mobile DRONEHUB revolutionizes drone operations by enhancing efficiency in surveillance, reconnaissance, and more. Its cutting-edge docking station, mounted on a car truck, facilitates autonomous drone deployment anywhere, adapting to diverse terrains without the need of an operator. The system features a self-leveling landing pad with a 6DOF layout for consistent, flat landings, and employs AI for ob- ject recognition and mission execution based on real-time data. Drones autonomously return to the docking station for battery swaps or maintenance, programmed for tasks like surveillance and payload delivery, increasing operation efficiency and safety while reducing manpower. Ideal for military, search and rescue, environmental monitoring, and infrastructure inspection, this technology streamlines op- erations across various sectors, ensuring rapid, autonomous task completion and significant operational advancements. Applications: t Military and defence – for conducting reconnaissance missions in hostile territories without exposing personnel to danger. t Search and rescue – in disaster-stricken areas where quick and wide-area surveillance can save lives. t Environmental monitoring – for tracking changes in ecosystems, wildlife populations, or detecting illegal activities in protected areas. t Infrastructure inspection – enabling efficient inspection of hard-to-reach structures like bridges, power lines, and wind turbines. 35 AEROSPACE & SPACE MOBILE JAMMERS AP-FLYER ▶ p. 195 Handheld jammer (Handheld-8 Drone C-UAS) t Range: over 1.5 km t Frequency bands: up to 8 (433 MHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz, 1.2GHz, 1.5GHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz) t Weight: <7 kg t Operating time on single battery: do 45 min t Features: digital display, inbuilt compass, optical scope, active cooling, IP65 t Safety: Radiation hazard certificate t t t t t t Manpack jammer (Manpack-8 Drone C-UAS) t Range: over 2.5 km t Frequency bands: up to 8 (433 MHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz, 1.2GHz, 1.5GHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz) t Weight: <18 kg t Operating time on single battery: up to 60min t Operating time from AC source: unlimited t Features: digital display, optical scope, active cooling, IP55 t Safety: Radiation hazard certificate 36 AEROSPACE & SPACE Rasel Autonomous Tracking and Data Transmission System SpaceForest Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 219 CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION Using the control and communication application, the system operator communicates with the central unit soft- ware on board of flying vehicle. This enables reading the telemetry data received by the tracking station or sending commands to the vehicle. The control and communication application also allows for displaying the status of the rocket’s subsystems, storing the data (including telemetry), and presenting altitude and attitude of the vehicle on the map. The tracking station also allows for monitoring of current angular positions of the antenna platform for triangulation. The fully autonomous tracking and data transmission system is used to allow for reliable, long-distance com- munication with a rocket or other flying vehicle. The system consists of 2 subsystems: t The first subsystem based on a one-way transmission is used for tracking a vehicle and thus maximizing the range of communication. Two main components of this subsystem are: a radio beacon on-board the vehicle and a four-antenna tracking station on the ground. t The second subsystem allows a bi-directional data exchange between the vehicle and the ground station. It consists of a radio transceiver on-board the vehicle, directional communication antenna on the ground, and dedicated software for receiving, storing and visualising data. The “flying” part of the system (on-board the vehicle) can be equipped with an Inertial Measuring Unit (IMU) and/or GPS module and then – together with the ground station software – becomes a tool for monitoring the state of the vehicle. The ground station antennas system can be rotated vertically and horizontally, to allow for a half-sphere cover- age of the system, i.e. to allow tracking within 360 degrees in horizontal plane and 180 degrees in vertical plane. The entire system allows for continuous tracking the vehicle parameters. The position of the vehicle is on-line displayed on the map in a dedicated control and commu- nication application. AEROSPACE & SPACE 37 AEROSPACE & SPACE Features & benefits t Possibility to track objects in the entire celestial hemisphere t Wide dynamic range of receivers and transmitters, allowing to maximize the tracking and communication range t Small, rigid, robust deployable construction t Modular, configurable design TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Parameter Value Tracking antenna gain 13 dBi Operating frequencies 869 MHz, 1.8 GHz, others on demand Tracking distance 125 km Max power consumption 2kW@220VAC PC communication interface Ethernet Max scan angles Azimuth ±360°; Elevation ±90° Max. radial velocity 180°/s Specifications subject to change without notice. 38 AEROSPACE & SPACE Scanway’s Optical Payload (SOP) Scanway S.A. ▶ p. 218 As part of SOP, Scanway is developing a product series of Earth observation telescopes, mainly designed for small satellites (nano- and microsatellites). The company’s past projects and activities have resulted in telescopes dedicat- ed to working with 3U, 6U platforms and microsatellites up to about 70 kg. The apertures of the optical elements used are up to 200 mm, which makes it possible to achieve resolutions of more than a meter from standard orbits (e.g., in low Earth orbit). Thanks to the use of modern materials and an innovative approach to design, the telescopes of the SOP line have athermal properties that maintain high imaging quality parameters during on-orbit operation. The scalability and modularity of the structure exemplify the optimum price combined with the best technical per- formance. Scanway offers support at each of the stages of optical payload delivery: design, manufacturing, testing, integration and operation of the telescope in orbit. Imag- ing obtained with SOP telescopes has many applications such as monitoring natural disasters, studying climate change, supporting agriculture and urban development, object classification, and military applications. 39 AEROSPACE & SPACE SHS was developed as a combination of Scanway’s experi- ence in developing proprietary vision systems for quality control in the manufacturing industry on Earth and fa- miliarity with designing components dedicated to space. It is a relatively simple vision system that relies on cameras and other sensors for its operation and has the ability to analyze changes or processes using machine learning and AI-based vision algorithms. Applications of vision systems in space: self-diagnosis of space vehicle modules and ob- jects approaching the vehicles, observation of space vehicle processes while operating in space, control of production and service processes in space, possible applications to SSA. Spacecraft Health Scanner (SHS) Scanway S.A. ▶ p. 218 When SHS is applied to space infrastructure, it allows to conduct self-diagnosis of the satellite based on the ac- quired images. The cameras can collect data from both the exterior and interior of the vehicle, and their range of applications includes, for example, assessment of the degradation of photovoltaic panels, verification of the op- eration of mechanisms, verification of the operation of AOCS systems, or thermographic analysis of electronic components. Analysis of images captured from the cam- eras is carried out in specially designed electronics using FPGAs and artificial intelligence algorithms. 40 AEROSPACE & SPACE SPECTRE-2 Spectre Solutions Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 220 SPECTRE-2 is a flexible VTOL drone that can handle any challenge. It can serve various functions, such as infrastructure monitoring, medical supplies delivery, or other missions. SPECTRE-2 is a perfect solution for these activities. SPECTRE-2 is a hybrid drone that benefits from fixed-wing and rotary-wing features: it can take off, land vertically without needing a runway, and fly at high speed and long distances. It can also hover in the air and switch between three flight modes: automatic, semi-automatic, and manual. It can be controlled remotely or fly autonomously, using cutting-edge communication standards: RC/GSM/LTE/5G/SAT. SPECTRE-2 is developed by the most experienced aviation experts, using the highest technology and standards. It is equipped with multi-level security systems, ensuring its operations’ safety and payload. It can carry a customizable payload of up to 6 kg, and the drop system can deliver it safely on a parachute. The drone has an ample cargo space of 45 litres and can transport various medical supplies. SPECTRE-2 is the best possible option for the most demanding needs. It has a maximum take-off weight of 32 kg and can reach a speed of up to 140 km/h. Depending on the order specifications, it can have a range of up to 700 km and a flight time of up to 6.5 hours. It can operate at a maximum ceiling of 1000m and adjust to terrain and weather conditions. 41 AEROSPACE & SPACE Thorium Space Chipsets Thorium Space S.A. ▶ p. 223 Thorium Space chipsets are advanced integrated circuits designed for use in satellite communication and space sys- tems. Here’s a more detailed description of these chipsets: High Performance: Processing Power: Thorium Space chipsets are designed with high processing capabilities to efficiently handle com- plex communication protocols and data processing re- quirements, even under demanding operational conditions. Signal Processing: Equipped with advanced signal pro- cessing units, these chipsets enhance the quality and speed of data transmission, crucial for real-time communication and high-bandwidth applications. Energy Efficiency: Low Power Consumption: A key feature of Thorium Space chipsets is their low power consumption, vital for the long-term operation of satellite systems. This efficiency helps extend the lifespan of satellites and reduces opera- tional costs. Optimized for Space Conditions: The chipsets are de- signed to perform optimally under the harsh conditions of space, including extreme temperatures and radiation expo- sure, ensuring reliable functionality throughout the mission. Miniaturization: Compact Design: Thorium Space focuses on miniatur- izing their chipsets, allowing for reduced size and weight of the overall satellite payload. This compact design is es- sential for maximizing the available space on satellites and reducing launch costs. Integration: The small size of these chipsets enables easy integration with other satellite components, contrib- uting to more streamlined and efficient satellite designs. Advanced Communication Capabilities: Broadband Connectivity: The chipsets support high- speed broadband connectivity, enabling seamless com- munication for various applications, including internet services, data transfer, and video streaming. Versatile Frequency Bands: Thorium Space chipsets are designed to operate across multiple frequency bands, including Ku-band, Ka-band, and others, providing flexibility for different satellite com- munication systems. Security Features: Data Encryption: To ensure secure communication, the chipsets come with built-in data encryption features. This protects sensitive information from interception and unauthorized access, crucial for both commercial and mili- tary applications. Resilience Against Interference: The chipsets are equipped with technologies to resist signal interference and jamming, maintaining reliable communication links even in contested environments. Custom Solutions: Tailored Designs: Thorium Space offers customized chipset solutions to meet specific needs of different cli- ents and applications. This includes specialized designs for particular mission requirements or unique operational environments. Scalability: The chipsets can be scaled according to the size and complexity of the satellite systems, making them suitable for a wide range of satellites, from small CubeSats to large geostationary satellites. Summary Thorium Space chipsets are characterized by high per- formance, energy efficiency, compact design, advanced communication capabilities, and robust security features. These integrated circuits are integral to the development of modern satellite communication systems, providing reliable and efficient solutions for various space missions and applications. 42 AEROSPACE & SPACE WARMATE Loitering Munition System WB GROUP ▶ p. 224 The combat unmanned aerial vehicle (CUAV) is a mul- ti-role system performing multiple tasks depending on a type of the head installed. The system is charac- terized by a light structure and the ability to perform various types of missions. WARMATE is successfully used by Polish and foreign armed forces and can be the key element on the battlefield. The WARMATE can be used as a self-contained system, which can be transported or carried by land or special forces units. The system design permits its installation on vehicles (cars, APCs) and integration of the Ground Control Station and the Ground Data Ter- minal with onboard vehicle systems. The WARMATE constitutes a good alternative for anti-tank guided missiles with its capability to operate in a significantly larger radius, allowing comfortable detection and ob- servation of the potential target in a relatively large time span. The WARMATE in combat configuration is an expendable solution. In the observation configuration the UAV can be recovered and reused. The WARMATE is a fully autonomous solution allowing real-time opera- tion of airborne warfare, using the video feed received from its surveillance subsystem. In addition it has the capability of swarm attack mode. The UAV is equipped with control modules ensuring full automation of the majority of flight phases and supporting the opera- tor during targeting. The operator has full control and bears full responsibility for switching it to the armed mode in order to execute a combat task. 43 AEROSPACE & SPACE AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 46 Self-propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System POPRAD is designed to detect, recognize and destroy airborne targets at close distances and low altitudes, with the use of short- range anti-aircraft missiles. It has very short into-action time as well as evacuation time below 30 sec. t 4 PIORUN missiles t Highly mobile solution, with short deployment and evacuation time t Integrable onto a various platforms wheeled and tracked, naval units t Highly precise optoelectronic integrated tracking/ targeting sensor t Effective combat against fast, manoeuvring targets t Allowing operation at night, and during the day ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM POPRAD Consortium PGZ – Pilica: PCO S.A. ▶ p. 214 PIT-RADWAR S.A. ▶ p. 214 Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów S.A. ▶ p. 228 AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 47 3D Mobile radar is a multi-functional and multi-purpose radar for the SHORAD systems used to protect tactical combat units from airborne threats with versatile capabili- ties and various applications. It detects and tracks typical airborne targets, such as combat aircraft and helicopters (also hovering), missiles and UAVs, as well as mortar pro- jectiles. High accuracy of tracked objects position. t Instrumental range: 80 km t Ability to detect threats with low-RCS t Autonomous operation or as a sensor within a air defence C2 network BYSTRA MOBILE 3D SHORT RANGE RADAR Consortium PGZ – Pilica: PCO S.A. ▶ p. 214 PIT-RADWAR S.A. ▶ p. 214 Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów S.A. ▶ p. 228 t Features spoofing and decoy systems, diminishing the risk of being detected by the enemy t Resistance to passive countermeasures, or active jamming, enhancing the resilience to ARMs t Detection of active mortar sites, defining their position and point of impact for the fired mortar bombs. AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 48 CABLE HARNESSES Wojskowe Zakłady Uzbrojenia S.A. (WZU S.A.) ▶ p. 226 Cable Harnesses – WZU S.A. special- izes in the design and manufacture (production) of highly specialized electric cable harnesses, also including fiber optic wires, intended for military (army) equipment and vehicles. Ca- ble harnesses are a part of advanced military technology, designed with the use of, but limited to, specialized software HARNWARE, which con- trols construction process of harness- es from electrical and mechanical perspective. Cable harnesses of our production feature high reliability in everyday use in combat conditions. Cable harnesses we manufacture may use wide range of connectors for in- dustrial and military applications. AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 49 The CKE-1T thermal imaging sight is designed to conduct combat operations in day and night conditions, especially in all conditions of limited visibility. CKE-1T has a ther- mal imaging module allowing detection and engagement of the target at night. CKE-1T target sight can be used in 23 mm anti-air- craft sets, e.g. ZU-23-2K (ZUR-23-2KG), while combating air targets. Sight is equipped with a programmable thermal im- aging module adaptable to working conditions. CKE-1T thermal target sight for anti-aircraft gun and missile system Przedsiębiorstwo PREXER Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 216 Maximum target detection in limited visibility conditions: t Helicopter (4x6m) 5800 m t SUV car (2x4m) 3800 m t Single soldier (1,5x0,7m) 1350 m t Standard NATO target (2,3x2,3m) 2950 m Thermal imaging module parameters: t Spectrum range 8÷12 μm t Thermal sensitivity NEDT < 50 mK t Digital optical zoom 2x, 4x t Matrix 640x480, optional 1024x768 or 1280x1024 t Horizontal viewing angle 17° t Vertical viewing angle 13° Range of entered distances: t by means of the manual switch 2÷30 hm t using the footswitch programmable t automatically 2÷24 hm AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 50 DJ-25 Jammer Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) jammer system Przedsiębiorstwo PREXER Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 216 Basic technical parameters: t range 2500 m t output power for one channel up to 100W (52 dBm) t operating temperature range from -30 up to +60°C t angle of the jamming beam 20-40° t system weight approx. 15 kg t power supply 12V or 24V J-25 Jammer is a system that enables the neutralization of enemy objects, such as commercial civilian drones used for reconnaissance purposes and engaging targets using dropped Improvised Explosives or mortar shells, at a dis- tance of up to 2,500 meters. The DJ-25 system is equipped with precise GPS, telem- etry and radio communication jammers. Operating broad- band at frequencies e.g. 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz and the GSM 850/900 MHz band. The DJ-25 has been adapted to the technical realities of the most popular, potential air targets. AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 51 ELECTRO OPTICAL SYSTEMS Wojskowe Zakłady Uzbrojenia S.A. (WZU S.A.) ▶ p. 226 Optoelectronic Head is a new generation device integrating passive optoelectronic sensors operat- ing in the bands from visible to thermal as a means for detection, recognition, identifi cation, and ob- servation, and following integration onto the plat- form for specification of angular coordinates of remote targets in the visible spectrum and in the infrared. It may operate in various weather condi- tions, both during the day with sunlight or artifi- cial lighting as well as in the conditions of limited visibility. Optoelectronic Head operates in a set of devices which enable manual and automatic guid- ance of the head optical axis on the target under observation. The laser range finder, as a component of the equipment, enables identifi cation of range to the target from 100m to 30.000m. Capabilities t passive detection – identification – thermo- video recognition, no detection of own position, t control over the airspace, t eye-safe laser range finding, t data on the target range and azimuth, t positioning, determination of co-ordinates, t potential adjustment to any platform. Purpose The optoelectronic head may be adjusted to any fire control platform of anti-aircraft systems, in par- ticular, for the following air defence systems: t 2K12 KUB (SA-6), t 9A33BM2 OSA (SA-8), t 2K11 KRUG (SA-4), t an example of a different type of platform – Combat Field Reconnaissance System integrated onto a HUMVEE platform. Advantages of Application t Replacement of the sight used so far enabling the systems to thermally detect the target and to improve detection range. t Limited radar radiation and improved radio electronic camouflage. t Upgrade and improvement of missile weapons which are a significant potential in use by Land Forces, Air Force, Air Defence and Navy of the Republic of Poland AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 52 PILICA Anti-Aircraft Missile and Artillery Systems Consortium PGZ – Pilica: PCO S.A. ▶ p. 214 PIT-RADWAR S.A. ▶ p. 214 Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów S.A. ▶ p. 228 The PILICA anti-aircraft missile and artillery system is a very short-range air defence system (V-SHORAD). The PSR-A PILICA has been developed as a result of the evolu- tion of the design of the 23 mm double-barrelled anti-air- craft gun, utilising the competences that Zakłady Mechan- iczne “TARNÓW” S.A. acquired while upgrading earlier versions of the 23 mm anti-aircraft gun. The use of new technologies has improved the fire efficiency and enabled the gun to work within the system. The system is designed to shield a single surface object and marching columns against very short-range air attacks. PSR-A PILICA has an integrated system for detection, identification, combat management, and combating air and ground targets, it au- tomatically detects, recognises, and identifies means of air attack and distributes tasks to the Fire Units of the system. Due to the design solutions used, the PSR-A PILICA is suit- able for loading, unloading, and transport by land (road and rail), water and air (aircraft class: C-295M CASA or C-130 HERCULES). The system is constantly being devel- oped, as exemplified by the work on the Pilica + configu- ration integrated with MBDA CAMM missile launchers. t Effectively neutralizes targets in radius of 6 km up to 4,5 km altitude t Dual armament system: ZU-23-2 23 mm twin cannon, 2 thermal homing PIORUN missiles t Fully digital operation with emergency manual operation possibility t Fire control system integrated with Observation-Tracking Head coupled with electric drives ensure precise aiming t Capability to operate the Unit from remote control panel t Ability to work within an external C2 system AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 53 PIORUN Portable Anti-Aircraft Missile System MESKO S.A. ▶ p. 209 The PIORUN is designed to combat heli- copters, aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, and winged missiles. The missile has a fuse equipped with a proximity sensor, allow- ing it to strike a target if it passes close by. Additional daylight and thermal imaging sights were also used, allowing the operator to use the system effectively both during the day and at night. The system has a starting mechanism that allows the operator to se- lect, among others: pursuit-collision mode, type of target, weather conditions, it per- forms IFF, communicates with optical and thermal imaging sights, and has the pos- sibility of using an authorisation key. The Piorun has proven its high effective- ness under combat conditions and its user base continues to expand. t Proximity and impact fuze t Two-band IR homing head t Effective against self-protection systems t Extensively battle-proven against jets and helicopters t Very effective against low-flying objects and UAVs AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 54 Unguided rockets designed to be fired from aircraft launchers at armoured ve- hicles, hides and buildings. The nose- cone, aft er tearing, creates an additional area of effect in the form of a large num- ber of shrapnels. Rockets S-5KO, S-5MO Zakłady Sprzętu Precyzyjnego NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 229 Repairs, Modernizations, Modifications, Integration, Maintenance at the Depot Level Wojskowe Zakłady Uzbrojenia S.A. (WZU S.A.) ▶ p. 226 Repairs of military technical equipment performed by Wojskowe Zakłady Uzbrojenia S.A. guarantee full restoration of operational efficiency in compliance with the demands of operational readiness. In the course of overhaul, not only will technical effi- ciency of the equipment be restored, but also all the technical and operational parameters of the new equipment, including operational reliability. Moreover, Wojskowe Zakłady Uzbrojenia S.A. performs overhaul of missile systems supporting equipment such as: t equipment for fuel distribution, oxidiser and air, t control and measuring stations, t training simulators, t transporters and transporting and loading equipment, t surface-to-air anti-aircraft missiles, t electrical power supply sources. Modernizations include OSA combat vehicles, WEGA, KRUG and KUB missile systems and cover all major sys- tems and subsystems of mentioned missile sets. They have been developed based on our own design solutions and carried out in accordance with WZU S.A. documentation. Modernizations increase quality by replacing a number of unreliable units with our own solutions and removing operational inconveniences. The use of latest technical solutions improves tactical and technical parameters of the sets, which correlate with performance of devices used on the modern battlefield and have a significant impact on increasing their reliability. AIR AND MISSILE DEFENCE 55 UST-2 Training Device for PIORUN MANPADS ROSOMAK S.A. ▶ p. 217 WB GROUP ▶ p. 224 DESIGNATION: The UST-2 trainer is designed for practical learning and improving the firing skills of PIORUN missiles as part of the PIORUN training activities for operators of PIORUN MANPADS in the scope of pre-firing activities, aiming and tracking targets, solving and carrying out firing missions when facing changing tactical conditions. UST-2 PIORUN allows for evaluation of the training of operators in the given range. ALLOWS FOR: Training of operators as well as the crews of mobile anti-air sets equipped with PIORUN MANPADS: t up to four operators at a time under the direct supervision of the instructor; t in all terrain conditions with a use of real air targets (airplanes, helicopters, UAV - also while the thermal disturbances is present) or air target imitators that emit heat radiation at both low and high temperature; t indoors using a VR simulator TERMS OF USE: t temperature range for work and storage: from -20°C to +50°C; t relative air humidity: maximum 95% at a temperature of +40 ° C t precipitation: rain with an intensity of max. 5 mm / min.; t atmospheric residue: frost and dew - deposition is allowed; t solar radiation: it is recommended to protect against direct lighting of the monitor; t single shocks: maximum acceleration amplitude 98m/s2; t shocks and transport vibrations: not stronger than those occurring during transport on dirt roads with a vehicle on a wheeled chassis at a speed of up to 40 km / h. DESIGN SOLUTION: UST-2 has four essential elements: 1) Central Unit JC-2 (instructor station) – computer system equipped with a package of interfaces and software that enables the following: t current view of the work of up to 4 operators at the same time, t inputting the parameters of the firing task, t automatic calculation of each firing attempt, t creating and maintaining a database containing the results of individual operators, t video recording of “firing” attempts in the form of measurement data files and video clips. 2) RST- 2 Training Missile PIORUN with a built-in Ob- servation System (UO), which is a training equivalent of PIORUN missile in the launcher, it recreates the dimensions and mass parameters of the product as well as mechanical and electronic interfaces. 3) The Training Missile Mechanism, which is a training equivalent of the PIORUN’s combat Starting Set, recreates the dimensions and weight parameters of the combat Start- ing Set as well as mechanical and electronic interfaces. 4) Power Block BZ-2, which is a part of a set of power supplies to power the Central Unit JC-2 and RST- 2 Training Missile PIORUN. TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL DATA FOR RST-2: field of view GST-2 1,0°÷1,5° observation system field of view 9,0°±1,0° maximum angular velocity of target tracking ≥ 12 °/s time to obtain readiness for data registration ≤ 60 s time to obtain readiness for tracking the target ≤ 5 s number of stored simulation shots data from recording cycles ≥ 150 maximum standby time for data recording ≥ 2h battery capacity of the Power System Block 6,8Ah ARMOURED VEHICLES AND ARTILLERY SYSTEMS ARMOURED VEHICLES AND ARTILLERY SYSTEMS 58 The product is designed for shooting with 122 mm 2S1 and D30 howitzers in order to destroy enemy manpower in open space or field fortifications and for clearing the way through minefields and defensive fortifications, fighting artillery and destroying lightly armoured vehicles and weapons. Designed to destroy manpower in open space or shelters, demolish bunkers and field fortifications, fight artillery and destroy armoured vehicles. It can also be used to clear the way in minefields and defensive fortifications. The 155 mm HE ER BB rounds are designed to partially or completely destroy targets or temporarily slow down the advance of enemy forces, thus limiting their combat effectiveness. The 155 mm HE ER BB rounds primarily allow for the destruction of stationary targets, places with a high concentration of troops, field shelters, lightly armoured targets, weapon systems, military equipment, transport equipment, etc. 122 mm Ammunition with HE-462 Projectile and Reduced Charge for D-30/2S1 Zakłady Sprzętu Precyzyjnego NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 229 152 mm Ammunition with HE-540 Projectile and Full or Reduced Charge for D20/2S3 Zakłady Sprzętu Precyzyjnego NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 229 155 mm Artillery High-Explosive Base-Bleed Round with Extended Range Zakłady Sprzętu Precyzyjnego NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 229 59 ARMOURED VEHICLES AND ARTILLERY SYSTEMS BAOBAB-K SCATTERED MINE LAYING VEHICLE Huta Stalowa Wola S.A. ▶ p. 204 BAOBAB-K Scattered Mine Laying Vehicle enables de- ployment of minefields of various sizes, laying density and self-destruction time. The minefield laying process has been fully automated: both rotation and movement of platforms with launchers (mine throwers) is carried out automatically by using a control station, which allows quick transition from transport to combat mode (and vice versa). In automatic mode, the computer calculates the speed of the vehicle, launcher settings and adjusts the frequency of launching mines while driving to ensure the correct parameters of the minefield. User can choose automatic or manual mode of control system. In the automatic mode, the computer calculates launcher’s settings and retains launching frequency during vehicle travel to ensure correct parameters of the mine- field. BAOBAB features 6 mine throwers (barrel packages), a single mine cassette is loaded with 5 mines, in a total one vehicle carries up to 600 mines and setting up a mine field with a length of 1,200 m to 1,800 m. Laying time is less than 22 minutes. ARMOURED VEHICLES AND ARTILLERY SYSTEMS 60 New, amphibious infantry fighting vehicle codename “Borsuk” („Badger”) is able to cross wide water obstacles, has high manoeuvrability and can be used in various ter- rain and weather conditions. Constructed to address the challenges of the contemporary battlefield. Designed in close cooperation with users, with a high level of modular ballistic and mine protection to ensure crew safety result- ing in a highly ergonomic vehicle providing comfort and safety for the troops. Modular construction allows to pro- vide a single platform for multiple purposes. BORSUK Amphibious Infantry Fighting Vehicle Huta Stalowa Wola S.A. ▶ p. 204 The IFV is integrated with the 30 mm Remote Con- trolled Turret System (ZSSW-30). RCTS features 30 mm automatic cannon with dual-feed system, 7,62 mm coaxial machine gun, double ATGM and smoke grenade launchers. ZSSW-30 is designed to combat light and heavy armoured vehicles structures and other enemy assets, providing sup- port for the infantry units in combat. The ability to utilize programmable rounds enables to combat low-level airborne threats and targets behind a cover. The amphibious IFV “Borsuk” is a project co-financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under the National Defence and Security programme. 61 ARMOURED VEHICLES AND ARTILLERY SYSTEMS BÓBR A modern 4x4 amphibious armoured vehicle AMZ KUTNO S.A. ▶ p. 194 A modern 4x4 amphibious armoured vehicle, designed and built entirely by AMZ-KUTNO S.A. It is a modular platform adapted to a variety of body and destination vari- ants, with further upgrade potential, meeting the highest quality and safety standards. The chassis of the BÓBR 3 (“Beaver”) vehicle under the LOTR program underwent a series of traction, environmen- tal and functional tests, as well as was tested for bullet and mines resistance. All tests were completed with positive results. The BÓBR 3 was designed according to the highest military standards, taking into account the maintenance of interoperability within NATO. Advantages of the vehicle: t The vehicle is approved for operation on public roads. t Ballistic protection is realized in a modular way with the possibility of replacing panels with different levels of protection. t The technical solutions used in the vehicle make it possible to overcome water obstacles without preparation. Alternative versions:: t Artillery Reconnaissance Vehicle, t Command Vehicle, t Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle, t Tank Destroyer, t Amphibious carrier for short-range air defence systems, t Vehicle-carrier for strike drones / radio-electronic warfare means. Technical Data: t Engine: 6-cylinder 7.2 L engine and 326 horsepower t Water propulsion: hydraulically powered thrusters t Transmission: automatic t Armouring: Level I and III according to STANAG 4569 t GVW: 16 tons t V-max: 90 km/h t V-max float: 8 km/h t Number of seats: 5 ARMOURED VEHICLES AND ARTILLERY SYSTEMS 62 Directional Spool Valves for Extreme Environmental Conditions PONAR Wadowice S.A. ▶ p. 215 Our offer includes special versions of our proprietary spool valves that can be used in extreme environmental condi- tions, such as low/high temperatures, high humidity or dustiness, salt and sea fog. For temperatures from -40°C to +50°C …SO536 Products tested and compliant with defence standards: t NO-06-A101 ÷ NO-060A108. t IN VERSION UP TO + 90°C –TROPIK, …SO7 The 81 mm GAk-81 smokescreen grenades are designed for firing from an OBRA, 902A, ERB-type launcher with the task of creating a smokescreen capable of preventing locating and distance measurement using laser rangefinders as well as conducting reconnaissance and fire control using thermovision means. Th e smokescreen serves to protect individual objects, tanks, combat vehicles, artillery positions. The elements of the products in the TROPIK version are galvanized or painted with phthalic enamel, tropical cyclorubber enamel, EMSGT... electromagnets are made of DNE winding wire in accordance with PN/EN-60317-0-1. In Marine Version Bodies and covers of products in marine versions are painted with ALBA LUX special alkyd enamel, while other elements are made of stainless steel. GAk-81 Zakłady Sprzętu Precyzyjnego NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 229 63 ARMOURED VEHICLES AND ARTILLERY SYSTEMS Heated observation devices OPO-120F, OPO-125F, OPO-130F Przedsiębiorstwo PREXER Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 216 Heavy wheeled recovery vehicle SZCZĘŚNIAK Pojazdy Specjalne Sp. z o.o. ▶ p. 220 The observation devices are equipped with heated win- dows with laser filters that absorbs the laser light within a wavelength of 800-1200 nm. They are designed for installation on light tanks, combat infantry cars, wheeled armoured vehicles and similar. Optical parameters of OPO-130F: t Observation angle in a vertical plane 45° t Viewing angle in the horizontal plane 160° t Periscoposity [P] 130 mm t Absorbed laser light wavelength 800÷1200 nm t Optical density (1064 nm) D≥5 Dimensions and weight of OPO-130F: t Overall height 217 mm t The dimensions of the upper part of the periscope 365x133 mm t The dimensions of the lower part of the periscope 262x74 mm t Mass 5,5 kg The OPO-120F, OPO-125F, OPO-130F heated observa- tion devices are new generation periscopes with a wide angle of vision of both horizontal and vertical planes, in which classic glass prisms are replaced with prisms made of organic glass. Heavy wheeled recovery vehicle KWZT-3 on Tatra T 815-7M3C4.371 8x8.1R chassis was designed for quick and efficient recovery of armoured vehicles in a tactical environment. The vehicle maximizes resources, minimizes and reduces recovery time. The vehicle has HMF 8520-OK2 hydraulic crane with a lifting capacity of 17 320 kg (at 4,4 m) and 9 500 kg (at 8,1 m), towing arm with a lifting capacity of 14 000 kg, hydraulic winches with a pulling capacity of 24 000 kg and pulling capacity of 2 000 kg and a hydraulic blade. The vehicle will not only optimize recovery operations, but with its integrated crane, it can perform maintenance missions. It is specifically en- gineered to address the Army’s rapid recovery needs where self-recovery and like-vehicle recovery are not feasible and was designed to recover heavy armoured vehicles such as the MRAP, Pandur, etc. The vehicle enables to overturn vehicles, perform slope recovery and access vehicles stuck in water, mud, sand and snow. Lift and tow operations are supported by independent Tatra suspen- sion and a specially designed non-twisting chassis frame. The vehicle can also tow a high mobility recovery trailer for evacuation of completely im- mobilized vehicles. ARMOURED VEHICLES AND ARTILLERY SYSTEMS 64 Hydraulic System for Anti-Aircraft Defence Vehicles PONAR Wadowice S.A. ▶ p. 215 Within the scope of the project PONAR Wadowice manufactured a hydraulic drive for lifting and bolting of the head unit, consisting of: t a powering unit/hydraulic power pack t a block of hydraulic valves t hydraulic cylinders as actuators. The application uses electrical connections made in accordance with the DEUTSCH standard (high IP) and slide valves equipped with levers for manual override of the device. A vehicle suspension systems for heavy loads, hydropneu- matic rocker arms are elements acting as a damper in the suspension of the chassis. One rocker is mounted on one wheel assembly. In the hydro-pneumatic suspension system, a gas spring is used to support the weight of the vehicle. A hydraulic and pneumatic mechanism is built into the rocker body to provide a twisting force around the axis of rotation. The air spring provides non-linear resistance to suspension deflection. The vehicle clearance is regulated by the gas volume in the gas spring. The proper damping characteristics of the rocker arm movement are achieved through the appropriate design of the shock absorber. The design of the rocker arm allows it to be used in vehicles of various weights. Hydropneumatic Suspension for Tracked Vehicles PONAR Wadowice S.A. ▶ p. 215 The shock absorber provides resistance to the rotational movement of the axle rocker, the amount of resistance being a function of the rotational speed of the rocker. The mechanical energy from the rotation of the driving arm is absorbed by the shock absorber and dissipated as heat to the environment. Hydropneumatic rocker arms are tested on test rigs, where tightness tests, pressure tests of 970 bar, damping characteristics, tests at reduced temperature and resist- ance to vibration, humidity and salt fog are carried out. 65 ARMOURED VEHICLES AND ARTILLERY SYSTEMS The Imitator of a Cannon Shot 155 mm round perfectly enables to train activity of loading and shooting alike the utilization of live ammunition and even practice shooting. A special plug ensures complete burning of the propellant during firing. The energy created during firing is sufficient to ensure automatic functioning of the weapon system even in