Enstrom F-28F/280F Series Maintenance Manual

LOG OF PAGES AND REVISIONS REV. NO REV DATE DESCRIPTION DATE FAA APPROVED 1 Apr 3/86 vi, vii, viii and ix MM-3-1 Added Sections 15 through 25 inclusively. Section 17 Supplemental Airworthiness Limitations Apr 3/86 W. F. Horn ACE 115C 2 Nov 18/88 ix MM-2-10, 2-14 & 2-15 MM-3-13 & 3-20, 4-1 & 4-6 MM-6-1, 6-2, 6-5, 6-9, 6-21, 6-23, 6-24, 6-26, 6-28, 6-29 MM-9-14 & 9-47 MM-11-32 & 11-63 MM-12-43 MM-13-19, 13-22, 13-23, 13-94, 13-95, 13-96 MM-21-3, 21-4, 21-7, 21-10, 21-11, 21-12, 21- 13 Nov 18/88 W. F. Horn ACE 115C 3 Mar 94 MM-4-1, MM-4-2 N/A N/A 4 Jun 21/12 iii through xii MM-3-1 through MM-3-6 (MM-3-7 through MM-3-30 deleted) MM-4-1 through MM-4-76 MM-9-49 through MM-9-76 MM-10-1, 10-2, 10-13, 10-14, 10-14.1, 10- 14.2, 10-15, 10-16 MM-17-1, 17-2 MM-21-1 through MM-21-30 N/A G. Michalik ACE 116C 5 Nov 5/13 Cover i through xii MM-1-1 through MM-1-4 MM-2-1 through MM-2-20 MM-4-50, MM-4-55, MM-4-61 MM-4-62, MM-4-64, MM-4-67 MM-6-5, MM-6-6 MM-10-14.1 MM-11-21, MM-11-46 MM-13-33, MM-13-71 MM-13-101, MM-13-103, MM-13-105 MM-13- 107, MM-13-108 MM-21-1, MM-21-8, MM-21-11 MM-21-14, MM-21-19 MM-21-21 through MM-21-30 MM-24-1 through MM-24-6 N/A N/A ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 vi Sep 26/24 REV. NO REV DATE DESCRIPTION DATE FAA APPROVED 6 Apr 7/15 Cover xi, xii MM-2-13 & 2-14 MM-2-16 through MM-2-19 MM-4-43, MM-4-45 through MM-4-48, MM-4-51, MM-4-63 MM-6-4, 6-5 & 6-6 MM-9-27, MM-9-29 MM-10-13 & 10-14, MM-10-14.2 MM-11-32, MM-11-52, MM-11-65 MM-13-11 & 13-12, MM-13-14, MM-13-16, MM-13-40, MM-13-48, MM-13-62, MM-13-77 & 13-78 N/A N/A 7 Aug 22/16 Cover xii MM-1-3, MM-1-4 MM-2-11, MM-2-16 MM-3-2 through MM-3-4 MM-4-10 through MM-4-12, MM-4-27 MM-4-32, MM-4-41, MM-4-42, MM-4-57 MM-4-58, MM-4-59, MM-4-69 MM-8-27, MM-8-29, MM-8-30, MM-8-33 MM-8-34, MM-8-36 MM-9-1 through MM-9-30, MM-9-62, MM-9-64, MM-9-75 MM-10-14.1, MM-10-26 through MM-10-30 MM-10-41, MM-10-42, MM-10-45 MM-10-48 through MM-10-50 MM-11-25, MM-11-26 MM-13-14, MM-13-17, MM-13-19, MM-13-20, MM-13-22, MM-13-23, MM-13-33, MM-13-38 MM-13-40, MM-13-78, MM-13-79 N/A N/A 8 Sep 20/17 Cover iii through ix, xii MM-1-1, MM-1-3, MM-1-4 through MM-1-6 MM-2-18, MM-2-20 MM-3-2, MM-3-3 MM-4-1, MM-4-29 through MM-4-34.2 MM-4-41, MM-4-44, MM-4-46, MM-4-51 MM-4-53 , MM-4-54, MM-4-59, MM-4-63 MM-4-65 MM-8-0 through MM-8-60 MM-13-11, MM-13-14, MM-13-17, MM-13-49 MM-13-50, MM-13-61, MM-13-62 MM-15-1, MM-15-2 (MM-15-A and MM-15-B removed) MM-16-1, MM-16-2 (MM-16-2 through MM-16-6 removed) MM-21-6, MM-21-8, MM-21-9, MM-21-10 MM-21-14, MM-21-21 through MM-21-32 MM-22-1, MM-22-2 (MM-22-2 through MM-22-14 removed) N/A N/A 9 Dec 14/17 xii, MM-4-31 N/A N/A ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 vii Sep 26/24 REV. NO REV DATE DESCRIPTION DATE FAA APPROVED 10 Feb 7/19 Cover ix, xiii, xiv MM-4-40, MM-4-42 MM-8-0 through MM-8-0.2 MM-8-12 through MM-8-16.2 MM-12-18 through MM-12-22 MM-21-1 through MM-21-4 MM-21-6 through MM-21-8, MM-21-14 MM-21-33 through MM-21-58 MM-24-7 through MM-24-8 N/A N/A 11 Oct 25/19 Cover iv through vii, ix, xiii MM-1-3 MM-2-11, MM-2-12 MM-2-14 through MM-2-20 MM-4-3, MM-4-9, MM-4-11 MM-4-22, MM-4-32 MM-4-47, MM-4-51 through MM-4-56 MM-4-65, MM-4-66, MM-4-77, MM-4-78 MM-6-0.1, MM-6-0.2 MM-6-1 through MM-6-8 MM-8-36 MM-9-1 through MM-9-48 MM-10-1 through MM-10-68 MM-12-1 through MM-12-80 MM-13-0.1, MM-13-0.2, MM-13-31 MM-13-35, MM-13-37, MM-13-49 MM-13-67 through MM-13-71 MM-13-93 through MM-13-100 MM-21-15, MM-21-16 MM-24-0.1, MM-24-0.2 MM-24-8 through MM-24-10 N/A N/A 12 Jul 16/2020 Cover vi, xiii, MM-1-1, MM-1-4, MM-1-5 MM-2-1, MM-2-12, MM-2-21, MM-2-22 MM-8-0, MM-8-0.2, MM-8-17, MM-8-18 MM-8-19, MM-8-20, MM-8-61, MM-8-62 MM-21-2 MM-23-1, MM-23-2 N/A N/A 13 Jan 5/24 Cover i, vii, viii, ix, xiii MM-10-1 through MM-10-74 MM-11-1 through MM-11-84 MM-20-1 through MM-20-2 MM-25-1 through MM-25-2 N/A N/A 14 Jul 30/24 vi through ix, xiii MM-8-1 through MM-8-76 MM-9-1 through MM-9-78 MM-12-1 through MM-12-86 N/A N/A ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 viii Sep 26/24 REV. NO REV DATE DESCRIPTION DATE FAA APPROVED 15 Sep 26/24 Cover i through viii MM-1-1 through MM-1-8 MM-2-1 through MM-2-26 MM-3-1 through MM-3-6 MM-4-1 through MM-4-84 MM-5-1 through MM-5-20 MM-6-1 through MM-6-30 MM-7-1 through MM-7-28 MM-8-34 MM-9-69 through MM-9-71, MM-9-81 MM-10-63, MM-10-64 MM-11-72, MM-11-76 MM-13-1 through MM-13-134 MM-14-1 through MM-14-6 MM-15-1 through MM-15-2 MM-21-0.1, MM-21-0.2, MM-21-1, MM-21-4 Oct 28/2024 B. Diakhite AIR-765 ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-1-1 Sep 26/24 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page 1-1 Manual Arrangement ................................................................................................................. MM-1-3 1-2 Aircraft Effectivity ...................................................................................................................... MM-1-3 1-3 Maintenance Manual Supplements .......................................................................................... MM-1-3 1-4 Maintenance Manual Changes and Revisions ........................................................................ MM-1-3 1-5 Application of Warnings, Cautions, and Notes ...................................................................... MM-1-5 1-6 Definitions and Abbreviations .................................................................................................. MM-1-5 ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-1-2 Sep 26/24 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Description Page INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-1-3 Sep 26/24 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 MAINTENANCE MANUAL ARRANGEMENT The maintenance manual sections divide the aircraft into major systems and related subsystems to provide maintenance procedures required for proper system function and optimum component service life. Each section details the following maintenance functions for the associated subsystems and components, if applicable: General Description Troubleshooting Adjustment/Rigging Removal Disassembly Inspections (other than Periodic Inspections) Repair Assembly Installation 1-2 AIRCRAFT EFFECTIVITY The maintenance data presented in this manual is applicable to all F-28F, 280F, and 280FX model Enstrom helicopters with standard equipment. Optional equipment maintenance procedures are included in the F-28F/280F Series Maintenance Manual for common optional equipment that is installed before aircraft delivery (This does not include avionics installations). 1-3 MAINTENANCE MANUAL SUPPLEMENTS Maintenance procedures for optional equipment may be provided in maintenance manual supplements. These supplements are part of the F-28F/280F Series Maintenance Manual when an aircraft is equipped with optional equipment which requires a maintenance manual supplement. The following optional equipment supplements are applicable to the F-28F/280F Series Maintenance Manual. Supplement 1: Avionic Systems, Revision 9, Dated: Apr 30/20. 1-4 MAINTENANCE MANUAL CHANGES AND REVISIONS Subsequent to the publication of the initial issue of the Enstrom F-28F/280F Series Maintenance Manual, changes in aircraft equipment, support concepts and procedures, as well as information developed by experience, may affect the contents of the manual. To ensure that coverage in the manual continues to reflect such changes, revised information is released by one of the following methods: (1) Revision - A revision alters portions of the manual by replacement, addition, and/or deletion of pages. A revision cover page lists the page(s) to be removed and/or inserted. (2) Reissue - Where large numbers of changes are involved, a complete reissue of the manual is warranted. Preceding issues of the manual then become obsolete and should be discarded. ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-1-4 Sep 26/24 (3) Service Directive Bulletins - Used to direct the owner/operator and/or maintenance personnel to make mandatory changes, improvements, or inspections to the aircraft applicable to the entire fleet or a segment of the fleet that are typically safety/airworthiness related. The information provided in the Service Directive Bulletins will be incorporated in the maintenance manual as needed at a later date. At the time of incorporation, the Service Directive Bulletin is superseded by the maintenance manual, and accomplishment or sign-off of the Service Directive Bulletin in the maintenance records book is no longer required. A detailed entry should be made in the maintenance records to indicate that the Service Directive Bulletin is superseded by the maintenance manual. (4) Service Information Letters - Used to transmit information, recommendations, and general service instructions to the aircraft owner/operator and/or maintenance personnel applicable to the entire fleet or a segment of the fleet. The information provided in the Service Information Letters will be incorporated into the maintenance manual as needed at a later date. (5) Service Instructions – Used to provide the owner/operator and/or maintenance personnel with information that is applicable to specific aircraft and does not meet the criteria of a Service Information Letter or Service Directive Bulletin. Service Instructions will not be distributed to the entire fleet. Enstrom distributes maintenance manual revisions and reissues in electronic form via the Enstrom Helicopter website: www.enstromhelicopter.com (follow the applicable link under the Technical Publications section of the Technical Support page). Revision update notices are sent via email to owners and operators who are registered with Enstrom. Registration to receive publication mailing notifications can be coordinated through the Enstrom Technical Publications Administrator. A complete manual hardcopy may be ordered through Enstrom Customer Service. Service Information Letters and Service Directive Bulletins incorporated into the maintenance manual are logged in the Service Information Letter Index or the Service Directive Bulletin Index (as appropriate) located on the Enstrom Helicopter website: www.enstromhelicopter.com (follow the applicable link under the Technical Publications section of the Technical Support page). Each index numerically lists all Service Information Letters and Service Directive Bulletins, respectively, and identifies those which have been incorporated into the maintenance manual. All Service Information Letters and Service Directive Bulletins are also located under the Technical Publications section of the website. Notice of recently released Service Information Letters and Service Directive Bulletins is provided via email notification. Registration to receive publication mailing notifications can be coordinated through the Enstrom Technical Publications Administrator. ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-1-5 Sep 26/24 1-5 APPLICATION OF WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES Warnings, Cautions, and Notes emphasize important and critical instructions and are used for the following conditions. WARNING: CALLS ATTENTION TO USE OF MATERIALS, PROCESSES, METHODS, OR PROCEDURES THAT MUST BE FOLLOWED TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY OR LOSS OF LIFE. CAUTION: CALLS ATTENTION TO METHODS AND PROCEDURES WHICH MUST BE FOLLOWED TO AVOID DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT OR EQUIPMENT. NOTE: Calls attention to information essential to highlight for clarification of procedures. 1-6 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS Table 1-1. List of Definitions Airframe Means the fuselage, stabilizers, tailcone, cowlings, fairings, rotors, and landing gear of the helicopter and their accessories and controls. Annually With respect to an annual inspection, annually means within the preceding 12 calendar months. Approved Unless used with reference to another person, means approved by the FAA or any person to whom the FAA has delegated its authority in the matter concerned, or approved under the provisions of a bilateral agreement between the United States and a foreign country or jurisdiction. Empty Weight Standard empty weight of a standard helicopter including unusable fuel, full operating fluids, and full engine oil. Basic empty weight is standard empty weight plus weight of installed optional equipment. FAR Means the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) prescribed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The FARs comprise Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). Life-Limited Component Any part for which a mandatory replacement limit is specified in the type design, the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness, or the maintenance manual. (Refer to Section 3, Airworthiness Limitations, Table 3-1.) ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-1-6 Sep 26/24 Table 1-2. List of Abbreviations A/R As Required AC Advisory Circular AGL Above Ground Level ALT Altitude APU Auxiliary Power Unit ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials B.L. Butt Line C Celsius CAS Calibrated Airspeed cc Cubic centimeter CCW Counterclockwise CFR Code of Federal Regulations CHT Cylinder Head Temperature C.G. Center of Gravity C.L. Center Line cm Centimeter CPC Corrosion Prevention Compound COM Communication ° Degree EA Each EASA European Union Aviation Safety Agency EGT Exhaust Gas Temperature EMI Electromagnetic Interference F Fahrenheit FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAR Federal Aviation Regulations Fig. Figure FIM Full Indicator Movement FLT Flight FPM Feet per Minute ft Foot/Feet ft2 Cubic Feet ft-lb or ft-lbs Foot-Pound (Force) ft/min Feet per Minute FWD Forward g Gram gal Gallon gal/hr Gallon per Hour ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-1-7 Sep 26/24 Table 1-2. List of Abbreviations - Continued GW Gross Weight h or hr(s) Hour(s) hp Horsepower Hz Hertz (Cycles per Second) I/A/W or IAW In Accordance With IAS Indicated Airspeed IPC Illustrated Parts Catalog I.D. Inner Diameter in or ” Inch in-lb or in-lbs Inch-Pound (Force) in Hg Inches of Mercury IVSI Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator kg Kilogram km Kilometer kW Kilowatt l or L Liter LH Left Hand lb Pound lb/hr Pound per Hour LED Light Emitting Diode m Meter m2 Cubic Meter MAX Maximum MB Millibars ml or mL Milliliter MIN Minimum MIN Minute MM Maintenance Manual mm Millimeter mv Millivolt NO. Number NM Nautical Mile Nm Newton Meter OAT Outside Air Temperature O.D. Outer Diameter ORC Overrunning Clutch oz Ounce P/N Part Number ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-1-8 Sep 26/24 Table 1-2. List of Abbreviations - Continued Para. Paragraph pt Pint PTO Power Take-Off PRESS Pressure psi Pounds per Square Inch psig Pounds per Square Inch Gauge R/S Right Side Ref. Reference Rev. Revision RFI Radio Frequency Interference RFM Rotorcraft Flight Manual RH Right Hand RPM Revolutions per Minute S/N Serial Number SDB Service Directive Bulletin SIL Service Information Letter STA Station sq ft Square Feet STC Supplemental Type Certificate TEMP Temperature TIT Turbine Inlet Temperature TIS Time In Service TT or T-T Tension-Torsion VDC Volts, Direct Current VH Velocity Maximum Speed (Level Flying Condition under Maximum Power) VNE Velocity Never Exceed (Airspeed Limitation) W Watt WT Weight XMSN Transmission ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-1 Sep 26/24 SECTION 2 GENERAL INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page 2-1 General Description................................................................................................................... MM-2-3 2-2 General Arrangement ................................................................................................................ MM-2-3 2-3 Principal Dimensions ................................................................................................................ MM-2-3 2-4 Airframe ...................................................................................................................................... MM-2-3 2-5 Landing Gear .............................................................................................................................. MM-2-9 2-6 Engine ......................................................................................................................................... MM-2-9 2-7 Engine Cooling .......................................................................................................................... MM-2-9 2-8 Flight Controls ........................................................................................................................... MM-2-9 2-9 Power Train .............................................................................................................................. MM-2-10 2-10 Main Rotor Assembly .............................................................................................................. MM-2-10 2-11 Tail Rotor Assembly ................................................................................................................ MM-2-10 2-12 Operating Limitations and Restrictions ................................................................................ MM-2-10 2-13 Placards .................................................................................................................................... MM-2-10 2-14 Vendor Manuals ....................................................................................................................... MM-2-11 2-15 Special Tools ............................................................................................................................ MM-2-13 2-16 Torque Data .............................................................................................................................. MM-2-16 2-17 Consumable Parts List ............................................................................................................ MM-2-24 2-18 Taper Pin Size Chart ................................................................................................................ MM-2-25 ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-2 Sep 26/24 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-3 Sep 26/24 2-1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The F-28F, 280F, and 280FX helicopters are a 3 bladed, single engine helicopter manufactured by the Enstrom Helicopter Corporation and certificated by the FAA under CAR 6. Additionally, the F-28F, 280F, and 280FX models have demonstrated compliance with 14 CFR 36, amendment 20 (Appendix J), effective September 11, 1992. The F-28F, 280F, and 280FX models are powered by a turbocharged, fuel injected Textron-Lycoming piston engine. The turbocharger system is equipped with a variable waste gate assembly, and the throttle is equipped with a correlator. 2-2 PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS Figure 2-1 depicts the general arrangement. 2-3 PRINCIPAL SPECIFICATIONS Table 2-1 lists the principal specifications of the different model aircraft. 2-4 AIRFRAME The airframe is comprised of three sections: cabin assembly, pylon assembly, and tail cone assembly. A. Cabin Assembly: The cabin assembly is fabricated from molded fiberglass and is an integral unit. It is attached to the pylon by six bolts and contains the aluminum seat structure, plus the instrument panel, cyclic, collective, and tail rotor controls. The windshield and upper and lower windows provide excellent visibility. The swing-open style doors provide access to the cabin. B. Pylon Assembly: The pylon assembly is fabricated from steel tubing, houses the engine, and supports the landing gear, cabin, main transmission, and tail cone. C. Tail Cone Assembly: The tail cone assembly is a semi-monocoque type and attaches to the pylon assembly with three bolts for easy removal and installation. The tail cone supports the horizontal stabilizers, tail rotor driveshaft, tail rotor gearbox, tail rotor, and tail rotor guard. ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-4 Sep 26/24 Sheet 1 of 4 Figure 2-1. Principal Dimensions - F-28F Pre-1986 (S/N 743 and Prior) ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-5 Sep 26/24 Sheet 2 of 4 Figure 2-1. Principal Dimensions - F-28F Post-1986 (S/N 744 and Subsequent) ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-6 Sep 26/24 Sheet 3 of 4 Figure 2-1. Principal Dimensions - 280F ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-7 Sep 26/24 Sheet 4 of 4 Figure 2-1. Principal Dimensions - 280FX ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-8 Sep 26/24 Table 2-1. F-28F/280F/FX Specifications Model F-28F 280F/FX Power Plant: Designation HIO-360-F1AD HIO-360-F1AD Cylinders 4 4 Normal Power 225 (168 kW) 225 (168 kW) Normal RPM 3050 3050 Specific Fuel Consumption .69 lb/hp-hr (.42 g/W-h) .69 lb/hp-hr (.42 g/W-h) Weight 324 lb (147 kg) 324 lb (147 kg) Oil 10 qt (9.5 l) 10 qt (9.5 l) Turbocharger: Designation 3BT5EE10J2 3BT5EE10J2 Operating RPMs: Engine 2900-3050 2900-3050 Main Rotor 351 @ 3050 351 @ 3050 Tail Rotor 2514 @ 3050 2514 @ 3050 Autorotation (Main Rotor) 334-385 334-385 Ratios: Lower Pulley to Upper Pulley 1.213:1 1.213:1 Upper Pulley to Main Rotor 7.154:1 7.154:1 Engine to Main Rotor 8.6781:1 8.6781:1 Upper Pulley to Tail Rotor 1:1 1:1 Main Rotor System: Number of Blades 3 3 Blade Cord - Each 9.5 in (24.1 cm) 9.5 in (24.1 cm) Diameter 32 ft (9.75 m) 32 ft (9.75 m) Disc Area 804 ft2 (74.7 m2) 804 ft2 (74.7 m2) Tail Rotor System: Number of Blades 2 2 Blade Cord - Each 4.4 in (11.2 cm) 4.4 in (11.2 cm) Diameter 4.67 ft (1.42 m) 4.67 ft (1.42 m) Disc Area 17 ft2 (1.58 m2) 17 ft2 (1.58 m2) Miscellaneous: Maximum Speed - VNE 112 mph 117 mph Maximum Gross Weight 2600 lb (1179 kg) 2600 lb (1179 kg) Fuel Capacity (Useable) 40 gal (151.4 l) 40 gal (151.4 l) ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-9 Sep 26/24 2-5 LANDING GEAR A. Main Landing Gear: The main landing gear consists of two tubular aluminum skids attached to the airframe by means of the forward and aft cross tubes through four air-oil oleo struts. The struts cushion ground contact during landing. Drag struts give the gear stability and strength and prevent fore and aft movement during ground contact maneuvers. Replaceable hardened steel skid shoes are installed on each skid to resist skid wear on hard surfaces. B. Tail Rotor Guard: A tubular aluminum tail rotor guard is installed on the aft end of the tailcone. It acts as a warning to the pilot upon an inadvertent tail-low landing and aids in protecting the tail rotor from damage. WARNING: ENSURE THE LOCKING PIN IS INSTALLED IN GROUND HANDLING WHEEL BEFORE REMOVING THE WHEEL BAR FROM THE WHEEL ASSEMBLY AND MOVING THE AIRCRAFT. C. Ground Handling Wheels: Each landing gear skid tube has ground handling wheels or provisions for installing removable ground handling wheel assemblies. Each assembly has a manually operated over-centering device to lift the skids clear of the ground. The ground handling wheels should be retracted for engine run-up. If the aircraft has optional removable Brackett® wheels, they should be removed before engine run-up. 2-6 ENGINE The F-28F/280F series helicopters are powered by a Textron-Lycoming HIO-360 series piston engine. The Textron-Lycoming HIO-360 series engine is a four cylinder, direct drive, horizontally opposed, air cooled, fuel injected engine. The F-28F/280F series helicopters are equipped with an Enstrom installed turbocharger system which allows the engine to produce its rated horsepower up to the certified altitude limit. 2-7 ENGINE COOLING A fan mounted on the engine crankshaft flange forces cooling air through a shroud assembly and baffles onto the engine cylinders. A portion of the cooling air is diverted through ducting to the engine oil cooler(s). If the optional cabin heating system is installed, a portion of the cooling air is directed to the heater shroud. 2-8 FLIGHT CONTROLS The flight controls include three primary systems: the collective, cyclic, and anti-torque/directional controls. The flight control systems are not hydraulically boosted. The collective flight control system incorporates a spring capsule that balances the steady collective forces from the main rotor system. The cyclic control system also incorporates spring capsules used to trim out the control system forces produced by the mail rotor system. The spring capsules are part of electrical trim assemblies that are controlled by a switch located on the cyclic stick grip. The aircraft also has fixed horizontal and vertical stabilizers mounted on the tailcone to provide additional stability during forward flight. ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-10 Sep 26/24 2-9 POWER TRAIN The power train includes the main rotor transmission, upper pulley/overrunning clutch assembly, drive belt, belt drive system, tail rotor drive shaft, and the tail rotor transmission. A. Main Rotor Transmission: The main rotor transmission provides a 7.154:1 reduction ratio between the upper pulley and main rotor system. The transmission incorporates an over-running clutch in the upper pulley which allows the main and tail rotors to over-run when the engine is throttled back for autorotations. The transmission has a sight gauge which is located on the aft right side and is visible through a panel in the baggage compartment or through the upper access step. Refer to Table 4-1 for system capacity and approved oils and Refer to Table 4-2 for servicing intervals. A magnetic drain plug located on the bottom left aft side of the transmission can be checked for metal particle contamination. All 280FX aircraft are equipped with chip detector annunciator in the instrument panel. Starting with serial number 744, F-28F aircraft may be equipped with the chip detector annunciator as optional equipment. The chip detector is standard equipment on all later production F-28F aircraft. B. Tail Rotor Transmission: The tail rotor transmission supports and drives the tail rotor assembly. The transmission utilizes a splash lubricated, non-vented, closed oil system. A filler port and a sight gauge are located in the aft end of the transmission. A magnetic drain plug located on the bottom aft side of the transmission can be checked for metal particle contamination. All 280FX aircraft are equipped with chip detector annunciator in the instrument panel. Starting with serial number 744, F-28F aircraft may be equipped with the chip detector annunciator as optional equipment. The chip detector is standard equipment on all later production F-28F aircraft. Refer to Table 4-1 for system capacity and approved oils and refer to Table 4-2 for servicing intervals. An inspection plug, used to visually inspect the transmission gears, is located on the top right side of the transmission. The tail rotor transmission reduction ratio is 1:1. 2-10 MAIN ROTOR ASSEMBLY The main rotor assembly is a three bladed, high inertia, fully articulated rotor system. Three hydraulic dampers are incorporated to control the lead-lag motions of the blades. 2-11 TAIL ROTOR ASSEMBLY The tail rotor assembly is a two bladed, teetering, delta hinged rotor assembly. 2-12 OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND RESTRICTIONS Refer to the applicable F-28F/280F/280FX Rotorcraft Flight Manual for the aircraft operating limitations and restrictions. 2-13 PLACARDS Refer to the applicable F-28F/280F/280FX Rotorcraft Flight Manual for the required placards. ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-11 Sep 26/24 2-14 VENDOR INFORMATION The following components listed in Table 2-2 are to be maintained I/A/W the manufacturer's instructions to ensure the continued airworthiness of the aircraft. The owner/operator is responsible for ensuring that current maintenance publications are available to ensure continued airworthiness of the aircraft. Table 2-2. Vendor Contact Information Component Part Number (Note 1) Manufacturer (Note 1) Engine M/N HIO-360-F1AD Textron-Lycoming 625 Oliver Street Williamsport, PA 17701 (570) 327-7049 www.lycoming.com Magneto SYS P/N 66E21585-70 Hartzell Engine Technologies 2900 Selma Highway Montgomery, AL 36116 (877) 359-5355 www.hartzell.aero P/N 10-682605-13 Alternator P/N 32C19553 (24V) P/N ALX-8521LS (12V) P/N ALU8521LS (24V) Fuel Pump P/N 62D26035 Turbocharger (Note 2) M/N 3BT5EE10J2 P/N 600700-0000 Starter Vibrator P/N 10-382780-123 (12V) P/N 10-400608-243 (24V) Teledyne Continental Motors 2039 Broad Street Mobile, AL 36615 (630) 513-9599 www.aviall.com Fuel Servo M/N RSA-5AB1 P/N 2524858-5 Precision Airmotive Corporation 14800 40th Avenue, North East Marysville, WA. 98271 (360) 651-8282 www.precisionairmotive.com Fuel Boost Pump P/N A-10019-D (12V) P/N A-10019-E (24V) Weldon Pump 640 Golden Oak Parkway Oakwood Village, Ohio 44146 (440) 232-2282 www.weldonpumps.com Scavenge Oil Pump P/N 101678-0002 Kelly Aerospace Power Systems 1404 E. South Blvd. Montgomery, AL 36116 (877) 359-5355 www.hartzell.aero Starter P/N 149-12HT (12V) P/N 149-24HT (24V) Sky-Tec 350 Howard Clemmons Road Granbury, TX 78230 (877) 359-5355 www.hartzell.aero Battery P/N RG-35A (12V) P/N RG24-11M (24V) Concorde Battery Corporation 2009 San Bernardino Road West Covina, CA 91790 (800)757-0303 www.concordebattery.com EGT Indicator P/N 45817 Alcor 300 Breesport San Antonio, TX 78216 (800) 354-7233 www.alcorinc.com Graphic Engine Monitor (Note 3) M/N GEM 603 M/N GEM 610 M/N GEM 610C (P/N GEM-610C-266) Insight Instrument Corporation 599 Industrial Drive Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada L2A 5M4 (905) 871-0733 techsupport@insightavionics .com M/N EDM-700 J. P. Instruments Inc. P.O. Box 7033 Huntington Beach, CA 92646 (800) 345-4574 www.jpinstruments.com ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-12 Sep 26/24 Table 2-2. Vendor Contact Information Component Part Number (Note 1) Manufacturer (Note 1) Tension-Torson (TT) Straps P/N AA-ECD-084-280 Airwolf Aerospace LLC 15369 Madison Rd. Middlefield, OH 44062-8404 (440) 632-1687 (440) 632-1685 Fax www.airwolfaerospace.com info@airwolfaerospace.com Anti-Collision Strobe Landing Light P/N 02-0250276-00 P/N 36-0050626-01 P/N 01-0790340-03 P/N 01-0790340-04 P/N 01-0771833-20 Whelen Aerospace Technologies 210 Airport Drive East Sebastian, FL 32958 (860) 526-9504 www.flyWAT.com info@flyWAT.com Landing Light P/N 01-1030-H-A( ) AeroLEDs, LLC 8475 W. Elisa St. Boise, ID 83709 (208) 850-3297 https://aeroleds.com/contact sales@AeroLEDs.com Clock M800 Davtron 427 Hillcrest Way Emerald Hills, CA 94062 Tel: 1-866-369-5588; Fax: 650-369-9988 www.davtron.com info@davtron.com Magnetic Compass NV2C-28V( ) SIRS Navigation Ltd. Compass House – Bowes Estate Wrotham Road, Meopham Kent DA13 OQB England Tel: +44 (0) 1474-816320 Fax: +44 (0) 1474-816321 sales@sirs.co.uk https://www.sirs.co.uk/contact Notes: 1. The manufacturer of the component may differ depending on the time the aircraft was manufactured or overhauled. Refer to the manufacturer’s data plate affixed to the component for accurate part number information. 2. Turbocharger 3BT5EE10J2 installation per STC SE484GL. 3. Graphic Engine Monitor GEM 610C installation per STC SH13-45. ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-13 Sep 26/24 2-15 SPECIAL TOOLS The special tools listed in Table 2-2 are used for removal, installation, and overhaul of components used on the F-28F/280F series aircraft: NOTE: The special tools listed in Table 2-2 are available through Enstrom’s Tool Rental program. Contact Enstrom Helicopter Product Support for details. Table 2-3. Special Tools Part Number Nomenclature T-0003 Main Rotor Lead/Lag Lower Nut Tool T-0005 Damper Rod End Removal Tool T-0009 Main Rotor Blade Bolt Guide Bullet T-0011 Main Rotor Hoist Sling T-0013 Main Rotor Lamiflex Nut Socket T-0014 Needle Point Grease Adapter T-0016 Lower Swashplate Gimbal Tool T-0017 Transmission Hoist Eye T-0022 Collective Spring Capsule Retainer Tool T-0026 Main Rotor Blade Tab Bending Tool T-0027 Main Rotor Blade Tab Angle Tool T-0029-SET Idler Assembly/Disassembly Tool T-0035 Oleo Disassembly Tool T-0036 Blade Grip Seal Installation Tool T-0044 Pulley Alignment Tool T-0045-1 Lower Swashplate Dogleg Puller T-0048 Main Rotor Mast Nut Tool T-0051-1, -3 Main Rotor Flapping Nut Tool T-0054 Swashplate Dogleg Alignment Tool T-0056-3 Tail Rotor Thrust Bearing Retention Nut Tool T-0057 Damper Bleeding Fixture T-0068-3 Tail Rotor Transmission Output Shaft Runout Tools T-0078 Engine Adapter Installation Tool T-0079-1 Bearing Swagging Tool ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-14 Sep 26/24 Table 2-3. Special Tools - Continued Part Number Nomenclature T-0080 Tail Rotor Rigging Tool T-0086 Upper Guidetube Nut Tool T-0087-15 Tail Rotor Assembly Static Balance Mandrel T-0088 Tail Rotor Driveshaft Alignment Tool T-0092-5 Taper Pin Removal Tool T-0095 Damper Tool T-0100-1 Swashplate DU Bushing Removal Tool T-0102-1-SET Guidetube Disassembly Tool T-0104-1 Swashplate Bushing Installation Tool T-0111-SET Correlator Rigging Tool T-0121-1 Tail Rotor Static Balance Stand T-0127 Magnetic Pickup Bracket T-0133-1 Pulley Restraint Tool Assembly T-0134 Plate Assembly (Lower Swashplate Assembly) T-0135-1-SET Main Rotor Transmission Pinion Crows Foot T-0140 Tail Rotor Rigging Tool T-0151-1 Universal Block Bearing Tool Set (Grease Lubricated) T-0152 Tail Rotor Balance Tool (Photo Cell Bracket) T-0156 Oil Filler Tube Adapter Wrench T-0160-1 Damper Ring Seal Installation Tools T-0168-1 Tail Rotor Assembly Holder T-0169-1 Oleo Disassembly Tool T-0174-1 Hub Puller T-0179 Magneto Spring Installation Tool T-0197-7 MR Hub Nut Torque Multiplier Wrench T-0198-11 Enabler, Oil Drain MRGB T-0204 Fan Shroud Alignment Tool ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-15 Sep 26/24 Table 2-3. Special Tools - Continued Part Number Nomenclature T-1575 Swashplate Centering Tool T-1709 Guidetube Bearing Collar Tool T-1758 Guidetube Clamps T-1775 Cyclic Centering Rigging Tool T-1794 Weight and Balance Datum Tool T-28-16101 Swashplate Lock T-2893 Tail Rotor Needle Teeter Bearing Removal/Installation Tool Kit T-2896-1 Damper Bleeding/Servicing Tool (2 Required) * Main Rotor Transmission Stand * Main Rotor Hub Stand * Sprag Clutch Purge Tool ATP761 Digital Mast Torque Multiplier * Contact the Enstrom Helicopter Product Support for assistance in obtaining these tools. ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-16 Sep 26/24 2-16 TORQUE DATA Unless specified in Table 2-4 and/or in this manual’s maintenance procedures or as called out in the component manufacturer’s specifications, all hardware should be torqued to standard torque values listed in Tables 2-5 through 2-13. Table 2-4. Special Torque Values Location Torque Value 1. Main rotor mast nut 400 ft-lb/542.3 Nm 2. Main rotor transmission pinion nut 250 ft-lb/339 Nm 3. Main rotor blade attachment nuts 50 ft-lb/68.2 Nm 4. Main rotor blade drag link nuts 140 in-lb/15.9 Nm 5. Main rotor damper pivot nut 190 in-lb/21.6 Nm 6. Main rotor hub U-block lower nut 50 ft-lb/67.8 Nm 7. Main rotor hub U-block upper nut 20 ft-lb/27.1 Nm 8. Lamiflex bearing retention nut 12-15 in-lb/1.4-1.7 Nm 9. Upper swashplate guidetube nuts 240 in-lb/27.1 Nm 10. Engine mount nut 460-500 in-lb/52-56.5 Nm 11. Tailcone attachment bolts 240 in-lb/27.3 Nm 12. Tail rotor assembly retention bolt 300 in-lb/34.1 Nm 13. Tail rotor blade grip nuts1 75 in-lb/8.5 Nm 14. Tail rotor thrust bearing retention nut 80-90 ft-lb/108.5-122.0 Nm 15. Lower engine pulley to crankshaft bolts 50 ft-lb/67.8 Nm 16. Pitch change bellcranks a. Push/pull rod bolt b. Push/pull rod bolt with floating bushing 40 in-lb/4.5 Nm 75 in-lb/8.5Nm 17. Landing gear pivot points (all) 40-60 in-lb/4.5-6.8 Nm 18. Landing gear oleo pivots points (all) 2 lb/0.9 kg drag (2) 19. Tail rotor driveshaft taper pins 25 in-lb/2.8 Nm 20. Dogleg nut 130-140 in-lb/14.7-15.9 Nm 21. Dogleg to swashplate nut 40-60 in-lb/4.5-6.8 Nm 22. Idler yoke/shaft jam nut 40-45 in-lb/4.5-5.1 Nm 23. Fuel pump and fuel injector attach nuts 204 in-lb/23.1 Nm 24. Main Rotor Transmission Magnetic Pick-up 60-65 in-lb/6.8-7.3 Nm 25. Clutch Cable Jam Nut 175-200 in-lb/19.8-22.6 Nm 26. Clutch Cable Rod End Jam Nut 80 in-lb/9 Nm 27. Throttle and Mixture Cable Jam Nuts 80 in-lb/9 Nm 28. Lycoming STD-2043 Exhaust Self-Locking Nuts 204 in-lb/23 Nm 29. Tail rotor gearbox sight glass 60 in-lb/6.8 Nm 30. Spark plugs3 35 ft-lb/47.5 Nm 1 Torque for oversize bolts: 140 in-lb/15.9 Nm maximum. 2 Refer to Paragraph 8-9, D, (5). 3 Lycoming Service Instruction No. 1042 ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-17 Sep 26/24 Table 2-4. Special Torque Values - Continued Location Torque Value 1 Foot-Pound (ft-lb) = 1.3558 Newton Meter (Nm) 1 Inch-Pound (in-lb) = 0.113 Newton Meter (Nm) 1 Nm = 0.7376 ft-lb 1 Nm = 8.851 in-lb ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-18 Sep 26/24 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-19 Sep 26/24 Table 2-5. Torque Values for Nuts and Bolts CAUTION THE FOLLOWING TORQUE VALUES ARE DERIVED FROM OIL FREE CADMIUM PLATED THREADS. TORQUE LIMITS RECOMMENDED FOR INSTAL- LATION (BOLTS LOADED PRIMARILY IN SHEAR) (inch-pounds) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TIGHTENING TORQUE LIMITS (inch-pounds) Thread Size Tension type nuts MS20365 and AN310 (40,000 psi in bolts) Shear type nuts MS20364 and AN320 (24,000 psi in bolts) Nuts MS20365 and AN310 (90,000 psi in bolts) Nuts MS20364 and AN320 (54,000 psi in bolts) FINE THREAD SERIES 8-36 12-15 7-9 20 12 10-32 20-25 12-15 40 25 1/4-28 50-70 30-40 100 60 5/16-24 100-140 60-85 225 140 3/8-24 160-190 95-110 390 240 7/16-20 450-500 270-300 840 500 1/2-20 480-690 290-410 1100 660 9/16-18 800-1000 480-600 1600 960 5/8-18 1100-1300 600-780 2400 1400 3/4-16 2300-2500 1300-1500 5000 3000 7/8-14 2500-3000 1500-1800 7000 4200 1-14 3700-5500 2200-3300* 10,000 6000 1-1/8-12 5000-7000 3000-4200* 15,000 9000 1-1/4-12 9000-11,000 5400-6600* 25,000 15,000 COARSE THREAD SERIES 8-32 12-15 7-9 20 12 10-24 20-25 12-15 35 21 1/4-20 40-50 25-30 75 45 5/16-18 80-90 48-55 160 100 3/8-16 160-185 95-100 275 170 7/16-14 235-255 140-155 475 280 1/2-13 400-480 240-290 880 520 9/16-12 500-700 300-420 1100 650 5/8-11 700-900 420-540 1500 900 3/4-10 1150-1600 700-950 2500 1500 7/8-9 2200-3000 1300-1800 4600 2700 The above torque values may be used for all cadmium-plated steel nuts of the fine or coarse thread series which have approximately equal number of threads and equal face bearing areas. * Estimated corresponding values. Table 2-6. Fittings, Tubing Fitting Size Tubing OD (inches) 6061-O & 5052-O Aluminum-Alloy Tube: Fitting or Nut Torque (in-lb) Steel Tube: Fitting or Nut Torque (in-lb) -2 1/8 20-30 75-85 -3 3/16 25-35 95-105 -4 1/4 50-65 135-150 -5 5/16 70-90 170-200 -6 3/8 110-130 270-300 -8 1/2 230-260 450-500 -10 5/8 330-360 650-700 -12 3/4 460-500 900-1000 ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-20 Sep 26/24 Table 2-7. Fittings, Hose Assemblies Flexible Hose or Tube Fittings (excluding nylon pitot static lines) Measurements based on Hose Inside Diameter or Fitting Size Fitting Size Tube Size (inches) Thread Flex Hose and 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Torque Limits (in-lb) Steel (Torque Limits (in-lb) Min Max Min Max -3 3/16 3/8-24 30 70 90 140 -4 1/4 7/16-20 70 120 135 185 -5 5/16 1/2-20 70 120 180 230 -6 3/8 3/4-16 130 180 270 345 -8 1/2 3/4-16 300 400 450 525 -10 5/8 7/8-14 430 550 650 750 -12 3/4 1-1/6-12 650 800 900 1,100 Table 2-7.1. Fittings Nominal Tube O.D. (inches) Fitting Thread Size Torque Limits (inch-pounds) For Gasketed Aluminum or Steel Fittings* For Jamnuts and Fittings Without Gaskets* * AN924 Nut AN815 Union AN814 Plug AN6289 Nut Aluminum Steel Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max 1/8 5/16-24 25 35 10 16 25 35 35 50 - - 3/16 3/8-24 50 75 30 40 50 75 65 80 70 90 1/4 7/16-20 55 80 40 65 75 100 90 105 110 130 5/16 1/2-20 75 100 60 80 90 120 105 125 140 160 3/8 9/16-18 100 150 80 120 150 200 125 145 225 275 1/2 3/4-16 180 230 150 200 200 250 240 280 400 450 5/8 7/8-14 250 350 200 350 275 400 330 370 550 650 3/4 1-1/6-12 420 600 300 500 450 650 540 660 800 960 * For use with O-rings and aluminum, asbestos, leather, Teflon, gaskets, or washers. * * For combinations of materials (either jamnut, fittings, or boss), use the lowest applicable values shown. ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-21 Sep 26/24 Table 2-8. Steel Fittings Using Jam Nuts or Straight Thread O-Ring Boss Tube Size Thread Size (inches) Torque Limits (inch-pounds) Min Max -02 5/16-24 72 84 -03 3/8-24 95 105 -04 7/16-20 155 180 -05 1/2-20 170 180 -06 9/16-18 275 290 -08 3/4-16 480 515 -10 7/8-14 515 575 Table 2-9. Pitot Static System Nylon Fittings Nominal Tube O.D. (inches) Thread Size (inches) Torque Limits (inch-pounds) Min Max 1/4 7/16-20 7 10 Table 2-10. Pipe Plugs Thread Size (inches) Torque Limits (inch-pounds) 1/16-27 NPT 40 to 44 1/8-27 NPT 40 to 44 1/4-18 NPT 85 to 94 3/8-18 NPT 110 to 121 1/2-14 NPT 160 to 176 3/4-14 NPT 230 to 252 1-11-1/2 NPT 315 to 347 ENSTROM F-28F/280F SERIES MAINTENANCE MANUAL Rev. 15 MM-2-22 Sep 26/24 Table 2-11. Crush Type Gaskets NOTE Turn the part until the sealing surfaces are in contact and then tighten to the angle of turn listed for the appropriate thread size. Thread Pitch On Part to be Tightened (Threads per Inch) Angle of Turn Aluminum Copper 8 135° 67° 10 135° 67° 12 180° 90° 14 180° 90° 16 270° 135° 18 270° 135° 20 270° 135° 24 360° 180° 28 360° 180° Table 2-12. Prevailing Torque Values for Re-used Self-Locking Nuts Bolt, or Screw Thread Size (inches) Seating Torque (in-lb ±10%) Prevailing Torque Max. On or Off (in-lb) Prevailing Torque Min. On or Off (in-lb) 4-40 8 5 0.5 6-32 15 8 1.0 8-32 28 12 1.5 AN3 45 18 2.0 AN4 110 40 3.0 AN5 190 85 5.0 AN6 345 110 9.0 AN7 545 150 12.0 AN8 850 220 16.0 If not listed in Table 2-12, a self-locking nut can be reused as long as a wrench is required to turn it on the bolt.