ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL

8-19 Sep 12/24 8-20 Sep 12/24 8-21 Sep 12/24 8-22 Sep 12/24 8-23 Sep 12/24 8-24 Sep 12/24 8-25 Sep 12/24 8-26 Sep 12/24 8-27 Sep 12/24 8-28 Sep 12/24 9-1 Sep 12/24 9-2 Feb 21/12 9-3 Sep 12/24 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL ix FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES PAGE DATE PAGE DATE 9-4 Sep 12/24 9-5 Sep 12/24 9-6 Sep 12/24 10-0-1 Feb 21/12 10-0-2 Feb 21/12 10-1-1 Sep 12/24 10-1-2 Sep 12/24 10-1-3 Feb 21/12 10-1-4 Feb 21/12 10-1-5 Feb 21/12 10-1-6 Feb 21/12 10-1-7 Feb 21/12 10-1-8 Feb 21/12 10-1-9 Feb 21/12 10-1-10 Feb 21/12 10-1-11 Feb 21/12 10-1-12 Feb 21/12 10-1-13 Feb 21/12 10-1-14 Feb 21/12 10-1-15 Sep 20/17 10-1-16 Feb 21/12 10-1-17 Feb 21/12 10-1-18 Feb 21/12 10-1-19 Feb 21/12 10-1-20 Feb 21/12 10-2-1 Sep 12/24 10-2-2 Sep 12/24 10-2-3 Feb 21/12 10-2-4 Feb 21/12 10-2-5 Feb 21/12 10-2-6 Feb 21/12 10-2-7 Feb 21/12 10-2-8 Feb 21/12 10-2-9 Feb 21/12 10-2-10 Feb 21/12 10-2-11 Feb 21/12 10-2-12 Feb 21/12 10-2-13 Feb 21/12 10-2-14 Feb 21/12 10-2-15 Feb 21/12 10-2-16 Feb 21/12 10-2-17 Feb 21/12 10-2-18 Feb 21/12 10-3-1 Sep 12/24 10-3-2 Feb 21/12 10-3-3 Feb 21/12 10-3-4 Feb 21/12 10-3-5 Feb 21/12 10-3-6 Feb 21/12 10-3-7 Feb 21/12 10-3-8 Feb 21/12 10-3-9 Feb 21/12 10-3-10 Feb 21/12 10-3-11 Feb 21/12 10-3-12 Feb 21/12 10-4-1 Sep 12/24 10-4-2 Feb 21/12 10-4-3 Feb 21/12 10-4-4 Feb 21/12 10-5-1 Feb 21/12 10-5-2 Feb 21/12 10-6-1 Feb 21/12 10-6-2 Feb 21/12 10-7-1 Feb 21/12 10-7-2 Feb 21/12 10-8-1 Feb 21/12 10-8-2 Feb 21/12 10-9-1 Feb 21/12 10-9-2 Feb 21/12 10-10-1 Feb 21/12 10-10-2 Feb 21/12 10-11-1 Sep 12/24 10-11-2 Sep 12/24 10-11-3 Feb 21/12 10-11-4 Feb 21/12 10-11-5 Feb 21/12 10-11-6 Feb 21/12 10-11-7 Feb 21/12 10-11-8 Feb 21/12 10-11-9 Feb 21/12 x ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES PAGE DATE PAGE DATE 10-11-10 Feb 21/12 10-11-11 Feb 21/12 10-11-12 Feb 21/12 10-11-13 Feb 21/12 10-11-14 Feb 21/12 10-12-1 Sep 12/24 10-12-2 Feb 21/12 10-12-3 Sep 12/24 10-12-4 Feb 21/12 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 1-1 NOT FAA APPROVED Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 1. GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Table of Contents ............................... 1-1 1-1 Introduction ....................................... 1-3 1-2 Owner Responsibilities ....................... 1-3 1-3 Pilot Responsibilities .......................... 1-4 1-4 Warnings, Cautions, and Notes .......... 1-4 1-5 Specifications ..................................... 1-5 1-6 Performance ....................................... 1-8 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE 1-1 Enstrom 280FX.................................. 1-6 1-2 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-1 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 2. OPERATING LIMITATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Table of Contents ............................... 2-1 2-1 Type of Operation ............................... 2-3 2-2 Weight ............................................... 2-3 2-3 Center of Gravity ................................ 2-3 2-4 Airspeed ............................................ 2-5 2-5 Altitude .............................................. 2-5 2-6 Rotor RPM ......................................... 2-6 2-7 Power Plant Limitations ...................... 2-7 2-8 Transmission Limitations ................... 2-8 2-9 Restrictions........................................ 2-8 2-10 Minimum Crew .................................. 2-8 2-11 Instrument Markings ......................... 2-8 2-12 Placards ........................................... 2-10 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-1 VNE Placard – Envelopes A & B ......... 2-11 2-2 VNE Placard – Envelopes C & D ........ 2-12 2-3 VNE Placard – Envelopes A & B (w/120°F) ....................................... 2-13 2-4 VNE Placard – Envelopes C & D (w/120°F) ....................................... 2-14 2-2 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-5 FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 7. The lateral datum line is the centerline of the helicopter. Lateral moment arms are positive right and negative left. 8. Lateral offset moment limits vary with weight (reference Figure 6-2). a. From 2025 lb to 2600 lb, limits are -3250 in-lb and +3700 in-lb. b. Below 2025 lb, reference Figure 6-2. 2-4. Airspeed Power-on never exceed speed (VNE ) is 117 MPH, IAS, sea level to 3000 ft density altitude. Reference Figure 5-1 for variations above 3000 ft and for variations with gross weight/c.g. VNE for autorotation is 85 MPH or the power-on VNE , whichever is lower. NOTE There are four V NE /altitude envelopes that apply to this helicopter. Each envelope corresponds to one of four gross weight /c.g. envelopes (reference Figure 5-1). 2-5. Altitude Maximum approved operating altitude is 12,000 ft density altitude at 2350 lb. For variations of altitude with gross weight, reference Figure 5-1. NOTE Takeoffs and landings at 2600 lb gross weight were demonstrated to 7000 ft density altitude in all wind conditions up to 20 MPH. DO NOT EXCEED ENGINE LIMITATIONS. 2-6 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 NOTE Takeoffs and landings at 2350 lb gross weight were demonstrated to 10,000 ft density altitude in all wind conditions up to 15 MPH. NOTE Operators should use appropriate caution above 10,000 ft density altitude and in winds greater than 15 MPH to ensure safe takeoffs and landings. 2-6. Rotor RPM 1. Flight limitations power on: Minimum 334 RPM Maximum (Not Applicable) 2. Flight limitations power off: Minimum 334 RPM Maximum 385 RPM 3. Reference Section 8 for adjustment procedures. NOTE During transient maneuvers, such as simulated power failure during pilot training, the rotor RPM may fall below 334. These maneuvers have been demonstrated with rotor RPM dropping briefly to 280; however, sufficient time and altitude must be available to regain RPM. NOTE The helicopter is equipped with a rotor RPM warning device. Operating the helicopter below 334 RPM with the collective off the down stop will automatically activate a warning horn. ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-7 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 2-7. Power Plant Limitations – Lycoming HIO-360- F1AD with Turbocharger (Turbocharger installation per STC SE484GL). 1. Maximum continuous power 225 hp, 3050 RPM, 39.0 in MP, sea level to 12,000 ft 2. Engine operating RPM Minimum 2900 RPM Maximum 3050 RPM 3. Engine idle RPM (clutch disengaged) Minimum 1450 RPM Maximum 1500 RPM 4. Manifold pressure 39.0 in Hg maximum, sea level to 12,000 ft 5. Cylinder head temperature 500°F maximum 6. TIT 1650°F maximum 7. Fuel 100/130 aviation grade gasoline (green) 100LL aviation grade gasoline (blue) 8. Fuel mixture setting 29 in MP or below Maximum fuel flow - full rich Minimum fuel flow - leaned to 1650°F rich side of peak 29 in MP to 39.0 in MP Full rich 9. Oil temperature 245°F maximum 10. Oil pressure Maximum starting and warm-up 100 psi Normal operating 60-90 psi Minimum idling 25 psi 2-8 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Aug 14/20 Rev. 13 Report No. 28-AC-020 Jul 16/2020 2-8. Transmissions Limitations 1. Transmission oil temperature Maximum 225°F 2-9. Restrictions 1. Instrument flight is prohibited. 2. Aerobatic maneuvers are prohibited. 3. Hovering IGE above 10,000 ft density altitude is limited to five minutes. 4. The aft landing light must not be used for ground or hover in ground effect operations. 2-10. Minimum Crew 1. One pilot. 2. Solo from left seat only. 2-11. Instrument Markings 1. Rotor tachometer 334 RPM red line 334-385 RPM green arc 385 RPM red line 2. Engine tachometer 2900 RPM red line 2900-3050 RPM green arc 3050 RPM red line 3. Maximum airspeed 85 MPH (Power off) blue line or red cross-hatched line 117 MPH (Power on) red line ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-9 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 4. Manifold pressure 10 in to 39 in Hg green arc 39.0 in Hg red line Overboost light illuminates at approximately 39 in manifold pressure. 5. Engine oil temperature 245°F red line 120°-245°F green arc 60°-120°F yellow arc 6. Engine oil pressure 100 psi red line 60-100 psi green arc 25-60 psi yellow arc 25 psi red line 7. Cylinder head temperature 500°F red line 200°-500°F green arc 8. Turbine inlet temperature 1650°F Maximum (digital readout with placard) 9. Transmission oil temperature 225°F red line 0°-225°F green arc 2-10 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 2-12. Placards 1. Placards that are required to be placed in view of the pilot are: a. THIS HELICOPTER MUST BE OPERATED IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE OPERATING LIMITATIONS SPECIFIED IN THE FAA APPROVED ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL b. Placards for 280FX VNE (located overhead above center windshield): (1) VNE placards shown in Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2 are used on all 280FX helicopters serial number 2132 and prior. (2) VNE placards shown in Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4 are used on all 280FX helicopters serial number 2133 and subsequent. 280FX helicopters serial number 2132 and prior may also use these placards. c. Smoking restrictions – (This placard is not required if approved ashtray is installed.) NO SMOKING d. THIS HELICOPTER IS APPROVED FOR OPERATION UNDER DAY AND NIGHT VFR NON-ICING CONDITIONS ONLY e. This placard is to be placed adjacent to the collective friction device. COLLECTIVE FRICTION TO BE USED FOR GROUND OPERATION ONLY ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 3-1 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Table of Contents ........................... 3-1 General.......................................... 3-3 Paragraph 3-1 General.......................................... 3-3 3-2 Definition of Terms ........................ 3-3 3-3 After Emergency Action .................. 3-3 3-4 Emergency Exit .............................. 3-4 Engine ........................................... 3-5 Paragraph 3-5 Engine Failure ............................... 3-5 3-6 Low Engine Oil Pressure ................ 3-8 3-7 Turbocharger or Wastegate Failure ........................................... 3-9 Ditching ...................................... 3-10 Paragraph 3-8 Ditching Without Power ............... 3-10 3-9 Ditching With Power .................... 3-10 Rotors, Transmissions, and Drive Systems .............................. 3-11 Paragraph 3-10 Rotor RPM Light Illumination ....... 3-11 3-11 Tail Rotor Malfunctions ................ 3-11 3-12 Main Rotor Gearbox and Tail Rotor Gearbox ....................... 3-14 3-13 Clutch Disengagement Light (CLUTCH ENGAGE) On ................ 3-15 Fire ............................................. 3-16 Paragraph 3-14 Fire in Flight ................................ 3-16 3-15 Fire on the Ground ...................... 3-16 Electrical System ......................... 3-17 Paragraph 3-16 Alternator Malfunction ................. 3-17 3-17 Starter Relay On .......................... 3-17 3-18 Engine Monitor Failure ................ 3-18 3-2 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Fuel System ................................. 3-20 Paragraph 3-19 Electric Boost Pump Failure .......... 3-20 Flight Controls ............................. 3-21 Paragraph 3-20 Abnormal Vibrations..................... 3-21 3-21 Cyclic Trim Failure ....................... 3-21 3-22 Lamiflex Bearing Failure ............... 3-23 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 4-1 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 4. NORMAL PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Table of Contents ............................... 4-1 4-1 Preflight Planning............................... 4-3 4-2 Preflight Inspection – General ............. 4-3 4-3 Before Preflight Inspection .................. 4-3 4-4 Preflight Inspection – Fuel Management .............................. 4-5 4-5 Preflight Inspection – Exterior ............. 4-5 4-6 Before Starting Engine ..................... 4-11 4-7 Starting Engine ................................ 4-12 4-8 Starting Hot or Flooded Engine ......... 4-13 4-9 Rotor Engagement ............................ 4-14 4-10 Operational Checks .......................... 4-15 4-11 Before Takeoff .................................. 4-16 4-12 Takeoff to Hover ............................... 4-17 4-13 Normal Takeoff ................................. 4-18 4-14 Maximum Performance Takeoff......... 4-19 4-15 Reserved .......................................... 4-20 4-16 Cruise .............................................. 4-20 4-17 Practice Autorotations ...................... 4-21 4-18 Landing ........................................... 4-22 4-19 Running Landing ............................. 4-22 4-20 After Landing ................................... 4-23 4-21 General Operation Procedures .......... 4-24 4-2 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 4. NORMAL PROCEDURES LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE 4-1 Strut Extension Check ........................ 4-5 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 4-7 FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 9. Upper inspection door a. Swashplate and control rods – check condition and security. b. Fuel tank and lines – check for leaks and lines and fitting secure. c. Fire curtain – check condition. 10. Kick-in step door a. Belt drive system – check security and condition of idler pulley, and main drive belt. b. Tail rotor drive shaft – check condition of flex coupling. c. Rotor tach drive – check condition. d. Cooling fan – check condition. e. Check main rotor gearbox sight gauge. Normal level is halfway mark on sight gauge. 11. Right fuel tank a. Check for leaks, check fuel quantity and cap secured. NOTE When checking the fuel quantity, Enstrom recommends using a calibrated dipstick. CAUTION If the fuel level indication on the dipstick is lower than 1/4, take-off is not recommended. 12. From steps a. Check main rotor gearbox filler cap closed. b. Check area between fuel tanks for leaks and obstruction to air flow. c. Main rotor shaft – check condition. 4-8 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 d. Main rotor blades – security and condition, no bond separations, cracks or corrosion. Main rotor retention pins secured. e. Check main rotor hub for security of all fasteners, no cracks or obvious damage. f. Main rotor pitch links – check for binding or looseness. g. Main rotor dampers – check for security and no leakage. 13. Baggage box a. Check contents secured. Observe weight limitations. b. Baggage box door secured. 14. Right static port – check unobstructed. 15. Right tail cone – check condition. 16. Tail rotor drive shaft – check condition and security of drive shaft, hangar bearings and flex couplings 17. Right horizontal stabilizer – check condition and security. 18. Right vertical stabilizer – check condition and security. 19. Right position and anti-collision lights – check security. 20. Tail rotor a. Control cables – check condition, tension, and security. b. Tail rotor transmission – check for oil leakage and check oil quantity. The minimum oil level required for operation is at half or more than half-filled sight gauge. Check for security of attachment. c. Tail rotor guard – check for security and evidence of strike damage. d. Pitch change mechanism – check condition and operation. Check pitch links for binding or looseness and check hardware for security. ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 4-11 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 and condition and security of blade tape, if installed. 34. Check operation of all lights for night flight. 4-6. Before Starting Engine 1. Seat belts fastened and doors latched. 2. Heater as desired (in for OFF). 3. Check magnetic compass. 4. Altimeter set to field elevation. 5. Radio(s) OFF. 6. All switches OFF. 7. Circuit breakers set (pushed in). 8. Fuel valve ON (pushed in). 9. Flight controls – check for full travel. Center cyclic and pedals. 10. Collective full down and locked. 11. Set throttle friction so that slight effort is required to rotate the throttle. NOTE For the throttle correlator to operate correctly, the throttle friction must be set high enough to prevent the throttle grip from turning on its own when the collective is raised or lowered. 12. Throttle OFF. 13. Rotor clutch disengaged. CAUTION Starting helicopter with clutch engaged will not damage rotor system but will severely overload the starter motor. 14. Mixture control in idle cutoff (ICO) position. 4-12 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 4-7. Starting Engine 1. Master switch ON. 2. Starter relay switch/CB ON. 3. Ignition switch ON to BOTH. 4. Throttle open (full). 5. Mixture control full rich. 6. Boost pump ON (1-8 seconds). NOTE The length of time the boost pump is run depends upon the temperature of the engine. If the engine is cold soaked in cold temperatures, it may require 8 seconds or more. If the engine has just been run, it may require one second or less. 7. Boost pump OFF. 8. Mixture control to idle cutoff (ICO). 9. Throttle closed. Then open to start position (i.e., index up). Reference Section 7, “Aircraft and Systems Description”. CAUTION Excessive throttle opening on starting will result in an engine overspeed which results in severe engine damage. 10. Engage starter button. When engine fires, release starter button and push mixture control to full rich. NOTE If engine fails to start within 2-3 seconds, release starter button; prime engine using steps 4-9. 11. Turn fuel boost pump ON. ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 4-13 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 12. Check engine oil pressure off “0” mark within 30 seconds. 13. Disconnect APU (if used). 14. Alternator ON. 15. Check engine idle speed; should be 1450 to 1500 RPM. NOTE Mixture and RPM must be adjusted for change in base altitude. (Reference the F-28F/280F Series Maintenance Manual Paragraph 13-4. D, (8). Adjustments should be performed by maintenance personnel only.) 16. AV MA, accessory switches ON, and headset(s) ON. 17. When engine oil pressure is above 25 psi and engine is running smoothly, rotor may be engaged. 4-8. Starting Hot or Flooded Engine 1. Hot engine a. Prime engine 0-3 seconds. b. Throttle back to start (i.e., index up). c. Engage starter button. When engine fires, release starter button and push mixture control to full rich. d. Proceed with normal starting procedure (para. 4-7, steps 11-17). 4-14 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 NOTE If engine fails to start after 2-3 seconds, slowly move mixture control to full rich position while cranking engine. DO NOT engage starter for more than 5 seconds in full rich position. 2. Flooded engine a. Ignition switch in OFF position, throttle full open and mixture control in ICO. b. Press starter and crank engine for 3-5 seconds. c. Throttle closed, then open to start index up position. Ignition switch ON and proceed with normal starting sequence (para. 4-7). 4-9. Rotor Engagement 1. Check collective down and locked. CAUTION Heavy spring capsule forces are present with zero or low rotor RPM, and damage to the helicopter and engine can result if the collective is allowed to rise. CAUTION Collective friction is to be used for ground operation only. 2. Check pedals in neutral position. 3. Center cyclic with trim motors. 4. Check area for personnel and obstructions. 5. Maintain throttle in idle position (1450-1500 RPM) and slowly engage clutch until engine RPM drops to 1100- 1200 RPM. ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 4-15 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 6. When rotor RPM reaches 100 RPM, fully engage clutch. NOTE The clutch disengage warning light will go out and the rotor RPM warning light will come on when the clutch is fully engaged. 7. Place clutch handle in stowed position. WARNING Severe engine damage and complete loss of power to rotor system will result if the manual clutch is disengaged under any condition other than throttle at idle position. 4-10. Operational Checks NOTE Mixture and RPM adjustments may be required for change in base altitude. 1. Advance throttle to 1800 RPM and wait for cylinder head temperature to reach 200°F. 2. After reaching 200°F cylinder head temperature, slowly advance throttle to 2300 RPM and wait until oil temperature reads 80°F. 3. Advance throttle to 3050 RPM. Low rotor RPM warning light should go out at 334 rotor RPM (2900 engine RPM). 4. Check fuel flow 65-70 lb/hr (engine cold) (50-65 lb/hr engine warm). a. Adjust the fuel flow as required to attain 50-70 lb/hr (as required) at full RPM (thus raising TIT and reducing manifold pressure.) 5. Check manifold pressure 16-18 inches. 4-16 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Jul 27/15 Rev. 10 Report No. 28-AC-020 Apr 15/15 6. Move ignition switch to left position. Maximum 125 RPM drop allowable in 5 seconds and maximum of 100°F rise in TIT. Return switch to BOTH position and let RPM stabilize. Move switch to right position. Maximum 125 RPM drop and maximum 100°F TIT rise allowable. Return switch to the BOTH position. NOTE Engine should not run rough when operating on one magneto. 7. Check engine driven fuel pump by turning off boost pump and checking for no change in engine operation. Observe red fuel pressure light on when boost pump is off. Return boost pump switch to ON position and observe proper light indication(s). 8. Gently close throttle to split tachometer needles to check proper operation of overrunning clutch. When needles join, return to operating RPM. 4-11. Before Takeoff Check the following items for proper position or indication. 1. Seatbelts and doors latched. 2. Fuel valve ON (in). 3. Ammeter. 4. Main rotor gearbox temperature. 5. Fuel quantity. 6. Cylinder head temperature. 7. Engine oil temperature. 8. Engine oil pressure. 9. Mixture control set for 50-70 lb/hr fuel flow (as required). ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 4-17 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 10. Boost pump ON and low fuel pressure light is off. 11. Anti-collision and other lights ON, as required. 12. Annunciator panel – press to test – all lights should be on when button is pushed. 13. Throttle friction. 14. Release collective lock. WARNING Keep hand on collective and maintain down position when lock is disengaged. 4-12. Takeoff to Hover 1. Cyclic in neutral position. 2. Set engine RPM to 3000 RPM with collective full down. NOTE As throttle is increased to 3050 engine RPM, the rotor RPM warning light will go out when main rotor reaches 334 RPM. 3. Slowly and smoothly increase collective pitch and adjust throttle as required to maintain RPM in the green arc while raising collective to lift helicopter off the ground. The correlator will maintain RPM in the green if the throttle grip is not allowed to move, and if the helicopter is flown smoothly. 4. Check TIT 1450-1550°F. a. If TIT is above 1550°F, land and richen the mixture slightly. b. If TIT is below 1450°F, the mixture can be leaned for more power. 4-18 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Jul 27/15 Rev. 10 Report No. 28-AC-020 Apr 15/15 NOTE This helicopter is equipped with a mechanical throttle correlation device. The correlator will compensate for changes in collective pitch when manifold pressure is above 25 inches Hg and will maintain RPM within the normal operating range for normal hover maneuvering. NOTE Hovering IGE above 10,000 ft density altitude is limited to 5 minutes. CAUTION Avoid maneuvers that require full pedal travel or rapid pedal reversals. 4-13. Normal Takeoff 1. Align helicopter with desired takeoff course at a stabilized hover height of approximately 2 ft. 2. Check power required to hover. 3. Smoothly apply forward cyclic to begin acceleration into effective translational lift. 4. As the helicopter begins forward movement, maintain altitude by increasing collective pitch. NOTE Adjust acceleration rate so approximately 1-2 inches of manifold pressure over hover power is required. Maintain 2 ft hover altitude or lower altitude if permitted by safe obstacle or terrain clearance. NOTE During smooth transition into a climb from a hover, there is a tendency for the RPM to climb and exceed the red line. The pilot should ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 5-1 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 5. PERFORMANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Table of Contents ............................... 5-1 5-1 VNE Density Altitude Charts ................ 5-3 5-2 Effect of Loading on Choice of H-V Envelope ..................................... 5-9 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE 5-1 VNE Variation/Envelopes A-D .............. 5-4 5-2 Airspeed Calibration ........................... 5-5 5-3 Hover Ceiling In-Ground Effect ........... 5-6 5-4 Hover Ceiling Out-of-Ground Effect .... 5-7 5-5 Height Velocity Diagram 2350 lb Gross Weight ......................... 5-8 5-6 Effect of Loading on Choice of H-V Envelope ..................................... 5-9 5-7 Height Velocity Diagram 2600 lb Gross Weight ....................... 5-10 5-8 Density Altitude Chart...................... 5-11 5-9 Best Rate of Climb Speed ................. 5-12 5-2 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 6-1 NOT FAA APPROVED Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 6. WEIGHT/BALANCE AND LOADING TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Table of Contents ............................... 6-1 6-1 General .............................................. 6-3 6-2 Approved Center of Gravity Envelopes .......................................... 6-3 6-3 Loading Information ........................... 6-7 6-4 Door C.G. and Weight ........................ 6-9 6-5 Copilot Flight Controls C.G. and Weight ............................................... 6-9 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE 6-1 Longitudinal CG Envelopes ................ 6-4 6-2 Lateral Offset Moment Envelope ......... 6-5 6-3 280FX C.G. Diagram .......................... 6-6 6-4 Loading Chart ................................. 6-10 6-5 Gross Weight vs. Longitudinal Moment ........................................... 6-11 6-6 Weight Sheet .................................... 6-12 6-7 Weight and Balance ......................... 6-13 6-8 Weight and C.G. Calculation ............ 6-14 6-9 Equipment List ................................ 6-15 6-10 Equipment List – Continued ............ 6-16 6-2 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 6-5 Rev. 11 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 20/17 Figure 6-2. Lateral Offset Moment Envelope 6-6 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL NOT FAA APPROVED Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 Figure 6-3. 280FX CG Diagram ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 6-7 NOT FAA APPROVED Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 6-3. Loading Information 1. It is the responsibility of the helicopter pilot to ensure that the helicopter is loaded properly. Using the running basic weight and moment from the Weight and Balance form (Figure 6-7) and the Loading Chart (Figure 6-4), the pilot can obtain the total weight and moment for various loading conditions. The pilot should first calculate the total weight and moment for zero usable fuel, as this will show the c.g. shift with fuel burn-off. If the c.g. is within limits, add the planned fuel load and compute the c.g. If the c.g. is within limits, the last item to check is the lateral offset moment using the stations in Paragraph 6- 2, Step 2 and Figure 6-2. 2. Sample calculation – Longitudinal C.G. Sample Helicopter S/N:_______ SAMPLE LOADING Arm (in) Weight (lb) Moment (1000 in-lb) Weight (lb) Moment (in-lb) a. Basic empty weight from Figure 6-7 100.7 1610.0 162.1 b. Pilot and passengers cabin seats 62.0 480.0 29.8 (1) c. Baggage compartment load 135.0 20.0 2.7 (1) d. Total weight and moment with zero usable fuel to check c.g. shift with fuel burn-off (landing condition) 92.2 (2) 2110.0 194.6 e. Usable fuel 96.7 240.0 23.2 (1) f. Total weight and moment with usable fuel (takeoff condition) 92.6 (2) 2350.0 (3) 217.6 6-8 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL NOT FAA APPROVED Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 (1) Moments obtained by multiplying weight times arm or from Loading Chart, Figure 6-4. (2) The longitudinal c.g. relative to the datum line is found by dividing the moment by the weight. c.g. zero fuel = = 92.2 inches c.g. full fuel = = 92.6 inches The total weight and moment can also be plotted on Figure 6-5 to determine if the loading is within longitudinal limits. (3) Maximum gross weight is 2600 lb (reference Figure 6-1). 3. Sample Calculation – Lateral Offset Moment Sample Helicopter SAMPLE LOADING Arm (in) Weight (lb) Moment (in-lb) a. Pilot (left seat) -13.5 170 -2295 b. Passenger (center seat) +3.0 140 +420 c. Passenger (right seat) +20.5 170 +3485 d. Total +1610 a. Plot 2350 lb and +1610 in-lb on Figure 6-2 to ensure moment is in approved area. 194,600 in-lb 2110.0 lb 217,600 in-lb 2350.0 lb