ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR MANUAL AND FAA APPROVED ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL

9 OPERATIONAL INFORMATION .............. 9-1 10 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT SUPPLEMENTS ................................ 10-0-1 10-1 SUPPLEMENT 1 Wet/Dry Dispersal System ............... 10-1-1 10-2 SUPPLEMENT 2 Float Landing Gear .......................... 10-2-1 10-3 SUPPLEMENT 3 External Loads................................. 10-3-1 10-4 SUPPLEMENT 4 Snowshoe ........................................ 10-4-1 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED vi ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT SUPPLEMENTS - Continued 10-5 SUPPLEMENT 5 (Reserved) ......................................... 10-5-1 10-6 SUPPLEMENT 6 (Reserved) ......................................... 10-6-1 10-7 SUPPLEMENT 7 (Reserved) ......................................... 10-7-1 10-8 SUPPLEMENT 8 (Reserved) ......................................... 10-8-1 10-9 SUPPLEMENT 9 (Reserved) ......................................... 10-9-1 10-10 SUPPLEMENT 10 (Reserved) ....................................... 10-10-1 10-11 SUPPLEMENT 11 Auxiliary Fuel Tank ........................ 10-11-1 10-12 SUPPLEMENT 12 Engine Exhaust Muffler .................. 10-12-1 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL vii FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES PAGE DATE PAGE DATE Cover Feb 21/12 i Sep 12/24 ii Sep 12/24 iii Feb 21/12 iv Sep 20/17 v Feb 21/12 vi Feb 21/12 vii Sep 12/24 viii Sep 12/24 ix Sep 12/24 x Sep 12/24 1-1 Sep 12/24 1-2 Feb 21/12 1-3 Feb 21/12 1-4 Feb 21/12 1-5 Feb 21/12 1-6 Feb 21/12 1-7 Feb 21/12 1-8 Feb 21/12 2-1 Sep 12/24 2-2 Feb 21/12 2-3 Feb 21/12 2-4 Feb 21/12 2-5 Feb 21/12 2-6 Sep 12/24 2-7 Sep 12/24 2-8 Jul 16/2020 2-9 Sep 12/24 2-10 Feb 21/12 2-11 Feb 21/12 2-12 Feb 21/12 2-13 Feb 21/12 2-14 Feb 21/12 2-15 Feb 21/12 2-16 Feb 21/12 3-1 Sep 12/24 3-2 Sep 12/24 3-3 Nov 5/13 3-4 Nov 5/13 3-5 Nov 5/13 3-6 Nov 5/13 3-7 Nov 5/13 3-8 Nov 5/13 3-9 Nov 5/13 3-10 Nov 5/13 3-11 Nov 5/13 3-12 Nov 5/13 3-13 Nov 5/13 3-14 Nov 5/13 3-15 Nov 5/13 3-16 Nov 5/13 3-17 Nov 5/13 3-18 Nov 5/13 3-19 Nov 5/13 3-20 Nov 5/13 3-21 Nov 5/13 3-22 Nov 5/13 3-23 Nov 5/13 3-24 Nov 5/13 3-25 Nov 5/13 3-26 Nov 5/13 4-1 Sep 12/24 4-2 Sep 12/24 4-3 Dec 3/18 4-4 Dec 3/18 4-5 Feb 21/12 4-6 Feb 21/12 4-7 Feb 21/12 4-8 Sep 12/24 4-9 Dec 3/18 4-10 Dec 3/18 4-11 Sep 12/24 4-12 Sep 12/24 4-13 Sep 12/24 4-14 Feb 21/12 4-15 Sep 12/24 4-16 Apr 15/15 4-17 Sep 12/24 4-18 Apr 15/15 4-19 Jul 16/2020 4-20 Apr 15/15 4-21 Nov 5/13 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED viii ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES PAGE DATE PAGE DATE 4-22 Feb 21/12 4-23 Feb 21/12 4-24 Feb 21/12 5-1 Sep 12/24 5-2 Feb 21/12 5-3 Feb 21/12 5-4 Feb 21/12 5-5 Feb 21/12 5-6 Feb 21/12 5-7 Feb 21/12 5-8 Feb 21/12 5-9 Feb 21/12 5-10 Feb 21/12 5-11 Feb 21/12 5-12 Feb 21/12 6-1 Sep 12/24 6-2 Feb 21/12 6-3 Sep 20/17 6-4 Sep 20/17 6-5 Sep 20/17 6-6 Sep 12/24 6-7 Sep 12/24 6-8 Sep 12/24 6-9 Dec 3/18 6-10 Sep 20/17 6-11 Sep 20/17 6-12 Sep 20/17 6-13 Sep 20/17 6-14 Sep 20/17 6-15 Sep 20/17 6-16 Sep 20/17 7-1 Sep 12/24 7-2 Feb 21/12 7-3 Feb 21/12 7-4 Apr 15/15 7-5 Apr 15/15 7-6 Sep 12/24 7-7 Nov 5/13 7-8 Sep 12/24 7-9 Nov 5/13 7-10 Nov 5/13 7-11 Dec 3/18 7-12 Dec 3/18 7-13 Dec 3/18 7-14 Dec 3/18 7-15 Jul 16/2020 7-16 Jul 16/2020 7-17 Jul 16/2020 7-18 Jul 16/2020 8-1 Sep 12/24 8-2 Feb 21/12 8-3 Feb 21/12 8-4 Feb 21/12 8-5 Feb 21/12 8-6 Feb 21/12 8-7 Feb 21/12 8-8 Feb 21/12 8-9 Feb 21/12 8-10 Feb 21/12 8-11 Feb 21/12 8-12 Sep 20/17 8-13 Nov 5/13 8-14 Sep 12/24 8-15 Sep 12/24 8-16 Feb 21/12 8-17 Sep 12/24 8-18 Sep 12/24 8-19 Sep 12/24 8-20 Sep 12/24 8-21 Sep 12/24 8-22 Sep 12/24 8-23 Sep 12/24 8-24 Sep 12/24 8-25 Sep 12/24 8-26 Sep 12/24 8-27 Sep 12/24 8-28 Sep 12/24 9-1 Sep 12/24 9-2 Feb 21/12 9-3 Sep 12/24 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL ix FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES PAGE DATE PAGE DATE 9-4 Sep 12/24 9-5 Sep 12/24 9-6 Sep 12/24 10-0-1 Feb 21/12 10-0-2 Feb 21/12 10-1-1 Sep 12/24 10-1-2 Sep 12/24 10-1-3 Feb 21/12 10-1-4 Feb 21/12 10-1-5 Feb 21/12 10-1-6 Feb 21/12 10-1-7 Feb 21/12 10-1-8 Feb 21/12 10-1-9 Feb 21/12 10-1-10 Feb 21/12 10-1-11 Feb 21/12 10-1-12 Feb 21/12 10-1-13 Feb 21/12 10-1-14 Feb 21/12 10-1-15 Sep 20/17 10-1-16 Feb 21/12 10-1-17 Feb 21/12 10-1-18 Feb 21/12 10-1-19 Feb 21/12 10-1-20 Feb 21/12 10-2-1 Sep 12/24 10-2-2 Sep 12/24 10-2-3 Feb 21/12 10-2-4 Feb 21/12 10-2-5 Feb 21/12 10-2-6 Feb 21/12 10-2-7 Feb 21/12 10-2-8 Feb 21/12 10-2-9 Feb 21/12 10-2-10 Feb 21/12 10-2-11 Feb 21/12 10-2-12 Feb 21/12 10-2-13 Feb 21/12 10-2-14 Feb 21/12 10-2-15 Feb 21/12 10-2-16 Feb 21/12 10-2-17 Feb 21/12 10-2-18 Feb 21/12 10-3-1 Sep 12/24 10-3-2 Feb 21/12 10-3-3 Feb 21/12 10-3-4 Feb 21/12 10-3-5 Feb 21/12 10-3-6 Feb 21/12 10-3-7 Feb 21/12 10-3-8 Feb 21/12 10-3-9 Feb 21/12 10-3-10 Feb 21/12 10-3-11 Feb 21/12 10-3-12 Feb 21/12 10-4-1 Sep 12/24 10-4-2 Feb 21/12 10-4-3 Feb 21/12 10-4-4 Feb 21/12 10-5-1 Feb 21/12 10-5-2 Feb 21/12 10-6-1 Feb 21/12 10-6-2 Feb 21/12 10-7-1 Feb 21/12 10-7-2 Feb 21/12 10-8-1 Feb 21/12 10-8-2 Feb 21/12 10-9-1 Feb 21/12 10-9-2 Feb 21/12 10-10-1 Feb 21/12 10-10-2 Feb 21/12 10-11-1 Sep 12/24 10-11-2 Sep 12/24 10-11-3 Feb 21/12 10-11-4 Feb 21/12 10-11-5 Feb 21/12 10-11-6 Feb 21/12 10-11-7 Feb 21/12 10-11-8 Feb 21/12 10-11-9 Feb 21/12 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED x ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES PAGE DATE PAGE DATE 10-11-10 Feb 21/12 10-11-11 Feb 21/12 10-11-12 Feb 21/12 10-11-13 Feb 21/12 10-11-14 Feb 21/12 10-12-1 Sep 12/24 10-12-2 Feb 21/12 10-12-3 Sep 12/24 10-12-4 Feb 21/12 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 1-1 NOT FAA APPROVED Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 1. GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Table of Contents ............................... 1-1 1-1 Introduction ....................................... 1-3 1-2 Owner Responsibilities ....................... 1-3 1-3 Pilot Responsibilities .......................... 1-4 1-4 Warnings, Cautions, and Notes .......... 1-4 1-5 Specifications ..................................... 1-5 1-6 Performance ....................................... 1-8 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE 1-1 Enstrom 280FX.................................. 1-6 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 1-2 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 1-3 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 SECTION 1. GENERAL 1-1. Introduction This manual contains the operating instructions, procedures, and limitations for the Enstrom 280FX helicopter. The manual is divided into two basic parts, the FAA approved Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM) and the Supplemental Data provided by Enstrom Helicopter Corporation. Sections 2 through 5 and portions of Section 10 so designated make up the FAA approved RFM. It is required by Federal Regulations that this manual be carried in the helicopter at all times. 1-2. Owner Responsibilities Maintaining the helicopter in an airworthy condition is the responsibility of the owner. (Reference Section 8 for required inspections.) To aid the owner in this task, Enstrom Helicopter Corporation has a network of Distributors, Dealers, and Service Centers. In addition to this Operator’s Manual, Enstrom Helicopter Corporation has the following technical publications available for your helicopter: 1. F-28F/280F Maintenance Manual with 280FX Supplement 2. F-28/280 Series Illustrated Parts Catalog 3. Service Information Letters 4. Service Directive Bulletins Information regarding dealer and service center locations, technical publications and revisions can be obtained by contacting: Enstrom Helicopter Corporation Attn: Product Support 2209 22nd Street Menominee, Michigan 49858-3515 customerservice@entromhelicopter.com Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 1-4 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 1-3. Pilot Responsibilities The pilot is responsible for determining that the helicopter is safe for flight and is responsible for operating within the limitations specified in Section 2. The pilot should familiarize himself with the entire manual prior to receiving competent flight instruction. 1-4. Warnings, Cautions, and Notes The use of WARNING, CAUTION, and NOTE to emphasize important and critical instructions is defined by the following. 1. WARNING An operating practice or procedure, which, if not correctly followed, could result in personal injury or loss of life. 2. CAUTION An operating practice or procedure, which, if not correctly followed, could result in damage to, or destruction of, equipment. 3. NOTE An operating practice or procedure, which is essential and requires additional information. Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 1-5 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 1-5. Specifications 1. Principle dimensions of 280FX helicopters (reference Figure 1-1). Width overall 28 ft Rotor diameter 32 ft Height overall 9 ft Length overall - Blade over tail 29 ft 3 in - Blade over nose 36 ft 7 in Cabin width at seat 58 in Baggage box dimensions 16 in X 18 in X 31 in Tread – landing gear 7 ft 4 in 2. Power Plant Type Lycoming Designation HIO-360-F1AD Cylinders 4 Opposed Horsepower 225 hp (sea level to 12,000 ft) RPM 3050 SFC (full rich) 0.69 lb/hp/hr Weight 357 lb Oil 10 qt (8 qt minimum for flight) NOTE Total oil capacity for the engine oil system (including oil lines and coolers) is 10 quarts. The engine oil sump capacity is 8 quarts. The engine oil dip stick is marked to correspond with the engine oil sump capacity of 8 quarts (full) and 6 quarts (low). Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 1-6 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 Figure 1-1. Enstrom 280FX Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 1-7 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 3. Ratios Lower drive pulley to upper pulley 1.213:1 (3050-2514 RPM) Upper pulley to main rotor shaft 7.154:1 (2514-351 RPM) Engine to main rotor 8.678:1 (3050-351 RPM) Tail rotor input shaft to output shaft 1:1 4. Rotor Systems Number of blades, main rotor 3 Chord, main rotor blade 9.5 in Disk area, main rotor 804 sq ft Number of blades, tail rotor 2 Chord, tail rotor blade 4.4 in Disk area, tail rotor 17.1 sq ft 5. Weight Designed gross weight 2600 lb Empty weight 1570 lb Useful load 1030 lb C.G. travel 96.3 to 98.0 inches at 2600 lb 92.0 to 98.8 inches at 2350 lb 92.0 to 100.0 inches at 2000 lb NOTE Four gross weight/c.g. envelopes apply to this helicopter (reference Figure 6-1). Each envelope is associated with a different maximum ceiling and a different V NE limitation (reference Figure 5-1). Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 1-8 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 1-6. Performance1 1. Maximum speed VNE Power On 117 MPH IAS from sea level to 3000 ft DA1 (Reference Figure 5-1) VNE Power Off 85 MPH IAS from sea level to 8200 ft DA (Reference Figure 5-1) NOTE Four different maximum ceiling/V NE envelopes apply to this helicopter (reference Figure 5-1). Each envelope corresponds to a gross weight/ c.g. envelope (reference Figure 6-1). 2. Cruise speed 75% power 110 MPH IAS at sea level 3. Maximum cruise speed 117 MPH TAS at sea level 122 MPH TAS at 3000 ft Hd 4. Maximum range speed 85 MPH IAS at sea level 5. Fuel consumption 75% power, leaned 14.7 gal/hr 6. Maximum endurance, no reserve 57 MPH IAS at sea level, leaned 3.5 hr 7. Fuel capacity 42 gal (40 gal usable) 8. Maximum R/C at sea level 1450 ft/min 9. Hover ceiling IGE 13,600 ft (See Item 11) 10. Hover ceiling OGE 8700 ft 11. Maximum approved operating altitude 12,000 ft (Reference Figure 5-1) 1 All altitudes are density altitude (DA) and performance based on a 2350 lb gross weight unless otherwise noted. Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-1 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 2. OPERATING LIMITATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Table of Contents ............................... 2-1 2-1 Type of Operation ............................... 2-3 2-2 Weight ............................................... 2-3 2-3 Center of Gravity ................................ 2-3 2-4 Airspeed ............................................ 2-5 2-5 Altitude .............................................. 2-5 2-6 Rotor RPM ......................................... 2-6 2-7 Power Plant Limitations ...................... 2-7 2-8 Transmission Limitations ................... 2-8 2-9 Restrictions........................................ 2-8 2-10 Minimum Crew .................................. 2-8 2-11 Instrument Markings ......................... 2-8 2-12 Placards ........................................... 2-10 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE 2-1 VNE Placard – Envelopes A & B ......... 2-11 2-2 VNE Placard – Envelopes C & D ........ 2-12 2-3 VNE Placard – Envelopes A & B (w/120°F) ....................................... 2-13 2-4 VNE Placard – Envelopes C & D (w/120°F) ....................................... 2-14 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 2-2 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-3 FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 SECTION 2. OPERATING LIMITATIONS 2-1. Type of Operation 1. This helicopter is approved for operation under day and night VFR non-icing conditions. 2. Operation with doors removed is approved. All loose objects and equipment within the cabin must be properly secured. NOTE Refer to Section 6 for proper weight and balance calculations for operation with the doors removed. 2-2. Weight 1. The maximum gross weight of this helicopter is 2600 pounds (reference Figure 6-1). 2-3. Center of Gravity NOTE All airspeeds are IAS unless otherwise noted. 1. The longitudinal datum is 100.0 inches forward of the center of the main rotor head. 2. There are four gross weight/c.g. envelopes for this helicopter (reference Figure 6-1). Each envelope corresponds to one of four VNE /altitude envelopes as described in Paragraph 2-4 (reference Figure 5-1). 3. Envelope A is the lightest weight envelope with a VNE of 117 MPH at sea level. The c.g. and gross weight limits vary as follows: a. Upper weight limit is 2350 lb. b. Forward limit is at 92.0 inches. Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 2-4 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 c. Aft limit varies linearly from 94.6 inches at 2350 lb to 100.0 inches at 2000 lb. Aft limit at 100.0 inches below 2000 lb. 4. Envelope B is the next heavier envelope. It has a V NE of 104 MPH. The c.g. and gross weight limits vary as follows: a. Upper weight limit is 2450 lb. b. Forward limit varies linearly from 93.8 inches at 2450 lb to 92.0 inches at 2350 lb. c. Aft limit varies linearly from 96.0 inches at 2450 lb to 99.2 inches at 2240 lb and 100.0 inches at 2000 lb. d. The lower limit corresponds to the upper and aft limits of Envelope A. 5. Envelope C has a VNE at sea level of 91 MPH. The c.g. and gross weight limits vary as follows: a. Upper weight limit is 2550 lb. b. Forward limit varies linearly from 95.5 inches at 2550 lb to 93.8 inches at 2450 lb. c. Aft limit varies linearly from 97.3 inches at 2550 lb to 98.4 inches at 2470 lb and then to 99.2 inches at 2240 lb. d. The lower limit corresponds to the upper and aft limits of Envelope B. 6. Envelope D is the heaviest envelope. It has a VNE at sea level of 85 MPH. The c.g. and gross weight limits vary as follows: a. Upper weight limit is 2600 lb. b. Forward limit varies linearly from 96.3 inches at 2600 lb to 95.5 inches at 2550 lb. c. Aft limit varies linearly from 98.0 inches at 2600 lb to 98.4 inches at 2470 lb. d. The lower limit corresponds to the upper and aft limits of Envelope C. Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-5 FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 7. The lateral datum line is the centerline of the helicopter. Lateral moment arms are positive right and negative left. 8. Lateral offset moment limits vary with weight (reference Figure 6-2). a. From 2025 lb to 2600 lb, limits are -3250 in-lb and +3700 in-lb. b. Below 2025 lb, reference Figure 6-2. 2-4. Airspeed Power-on never exceed speed (VNE ) is 117 MPH, IAS, sea level to 3000 ft density altitude. Reference Figure 5-1 for variations above 3000 ft and for variations with gross weight/c.g. VNE for autorotation is 85 MPH or the power-on VNE , whichever is lower. NOTE There are four V NE /altitude envelopes that apply to this helicopter. Each envelope corresponds to one of four gross weight /c.g. envelopes (reference Figure 5-1). 2-5. Altitude Maximum approved operating altitude is 12,000 ft density altitude at 2350 lb. For variations of altitude with gross weight, reference Figure 5-1. NOTE Takeoffs and landings at 2600 lb gross weight were demonstrated to 7000 ft density altitude in all wind conditions up to 20 MPH. DO NOT EXCEED ENGINE LIMITATIONS. Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 2-6 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 NOTE Takeoffs and landings at 2350 lb gross weight were demonstrated to 10,000 ft density altitude in all wind conditions up to 15 MPH. NOTE Operators should use appropriate caution above 10,000 ft density altitude and in winds greater than 15 MPH to ensure safe takeoffs and landings. 2-6. Rotor RPM 1. Flight limitations power on: Minimum 334 RPM Maximum (Not Applicable) 2. Flight limitations power off: Minimum 334 RPM Maximum 385 RPM 3. Reference Section 8 for adjustment procedures. NOTE During transient maneuvers, such as simulated power failure during pilot training, the rotor RPM may fall below 334. These maneuvers have been demonstrated with rotor RPM dropping briefly to 280; however, sufficient time and altitude must be available to regain RPM. NOTE The helicopter is equipped with a rotor RPM warning device. Operating the helicopter below 334 RPM with the collective off the down stop will automatically activate a warning horn. Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-7 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 2-7. Power Plant Limitations – Lycoming HIO-360- F1AD with Turbocharger (Turbocharger installation per STC SE484GL). 1. Maximum continuous power 225 hp, 3050 RPM, 39.0 in MP, sea level to 12,000 ft 2. Engine operating RPM Minimum 2900 RPM Maximum 3050 RPM 3. Engine idle RPM (clutch disengaged) Minimum 1450 RPM Maximum 1500 RPM 4. Manifold pressure 39.0 in Hg maximum, sea level to 12,000 ft 5. Cylinder head temperature 500°F maximum 6. TIT 1650°F maximum 7. Fuel 100/130 aviation grade gasoline (green) 100LL aviation grade gasoline (blue) 8. Fuel mixture setting 29 in MP or below Maximum fuel flow - full rich Minimum fuel flow - leaned to 1650°F rich side of peak 29 in MP to 39.0 in MP Full rich 9. Oil temperature 245°F maximum 10. Oil pressure Maximum starting and warm-up 100 psi Normal operating 60-90 psi Minimum idling 25 psi Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 2-8 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Aug 14/20 Rev. 13 Report No. 28-AC-020 Jul 16/2020 2-8. Transmissions Limitations 1. Transmission oil temperature Maximum 225°F 2-9. Restrictions 1. Instrument flight is prohibited. 2. Aerobatic maneuvers are prohibited. 3. Hovering IGE above 10,000 ft density altitude is limited to five minutes. 4. The aft landing light must not be used for ground or hover in ground effect operations. 2-10. Minimum Crew 1. One pilot. 2. Solo from left seat only. 2-11. Instrument Markings 1. Rotor tachometer 334 RPM red line 334-385 RPM green arc 385 RPM red line 2. Engine tachometer 2900 RPM red line 2900-3050 RPM green arc 3050 RPM red line 3. Maximum airspeed 85 MPH (Power off) blue line or red cross-hatched line 117 MPH (Power on) red line Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-9 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 4. Manifold pressure 10 in to 39 in Hg green arc 39.0 in Hg red line Overboost light illuminates at approximately 39 in manifold pressure. 5. Engine oil temperature 245°F red line 120°-245°F green arc 60°-120°F yellow arc 6. Engine oil pressure 100 psi red line 60-100 psi green arc 25-60 psi yellow arc 25 psi red line 7. Cylinder head temperature 500°F red line 200°-500°F green arc 8. Turbine inlet temperature 1650°F Maximum (digital readout with placard) 9. Transmission oil temperature 225°F red line 0°-225°F green arc Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 2-10 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 2-12. Placards 1. Placards that are required to be placed in view of the pilot are: a. THIS HELICOPTER MUST BE OPERATED IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE OPERATING LIMITATIONS SPECIFIED IN THE FAA APPROVED ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL b. Placards for 280FX V NE (located overhead above center windshield): (1) VNE placards shown in Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2 are used on all 280FX helicopters serial number 2132 and prior. (2) VNE placards shown in Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4 are used on all 280FX helicopters serial number 2133 and subsequent. 280FX helicopters serial number 2132 and prior may also use these placards. c. Smoking restrictions – (This placard is not required if approved ashtray is installed.) NO SMOKING d. THIS HELICOPTER IS APPROVED FOR OPERATION UNDER DAY AND NIGHT VFR NON-ICING CONDITIONS ONLY e. This placard is to be placed adjacent to the collective friction device. COLLECTIVE FRICTION TO BE USED FOR GROUND OPERATION ONLY Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-11 FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 Figure 2-1. V NE Placards – Envelopes A & B Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 2-12 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 Figure 2-2. V NE Placards – Envelopes C & D Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-13 FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 Figure 2-3. V NE Placards – Envelope A & B (w/120°F) Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 2-14 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 Figure 2-4. V NE Placards – Envelope C & D (w/120°F) Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 2-15 FAA Approved: Feb 11/13 Rev. 8 Report No. 28-AC-020 Jan 7/13 2. This placard is to be placed in the baggage compartment. MAXIMUM WEIGHT IN THIS COMPARTMENT IS 108 LBS. OBSERVE C.G. AND GROSS WEIGHT LIMITATIONS 3. This placard is to be placed on the clutch handle. STOW FLAT ON FLOOR BEFORE FLIGHT 4. This placard is to be placed near the door handle. EMERGENCY EXIT PULL DOOR HANDLE TO OPEN CABIN DOOR Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 2-16 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Mar 26/12 Rev. 6 Report No. 28-AC-020 Feb 21/12 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 3-1 FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Table of Contents ........................... 3-1 General.......................................... 3-3 Paragraph 3-1 General.......................................... 3-3 3-2 Definition of Terms ........................ 3-3 3-3 After Emergency Action .................. 3-3 3-4 Emergency Exit .............................. 3-4 Engine ........................................... 3-5 Paragraph 3-5 Engine Failure ............................... 3-5 3-6 Low Engine Oil Pressure ................ 3-8 3-7 Turbocharger or Wastegate Failure ........................................... 3-9 Ditching ...................................... 3-10 Paragraph 3-8 Ditching Without Power ............... 3-10 3-9 Ditching With Power .................... 3-10 Rotors, Transmissions, and Drive Systems .............................. 3-11 Paragraph 3-10 Rotor RPM Light Illumination ....... 3-11 3-11 Tail Rotor Malfunctions ................ 3-11 3-12 Main Rotor Gearbox and Tail Rotor Gearbox ....................... 3-14 3-13 Clutch Disengagement Light (CLUTCH ENGAGE) On ................ 3-15 Fire ............................................. 3-16 Paragraph 3-14 Fire in Flight ................................ 3-16 3-15 Fire on the Ground ...................... 3-16 Electrical System ......................... 3-17 Paragraph 3-16 Alternator Malfunction ................. 3-17 3-17 Starter Relay On .......................... 3-17 3-18 Engine Monitor Failure ................ 3-18 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 3-2 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Oct 18/24 Rev. 14 Report No. 28-AC-020 Sep 12/24 SECTION 3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION PAGE Fuel System ................................. 3-20 Paragraph 3-19 Electric Boost Pump Failure .......... 3-20 Flight Controls ............................. 3-21 Paragraph 3-20 Abnormal Vibrations ..................... 3-21 3-21 Cyclic Trim Failure ....................... 3-21 3-22 Lamiflex Bearing Failure ............... 3-23 Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL 3-3 FAA Approved: Nov 26/13 Rev. 9 Report No. 28-AC-020 Nov 5/13 SECTION 3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES GENERAL 3-1. General This section describes the foreseeable system failures and malfunctions that may occur and establishes the emergency procedures used to maintain control and get the helicopter safely on the ground. 3.2. Definition of Terms 1. Immediate Emergency Actions. Those actions that must be performed immediately in an emergency procedure are underlined. These immediate emergency actions must be committed to memory. NOTE The urgency of certain emergencies requires immediate and instinctive action by the pilot. The most important single consideration is helicopter control. All procedures are subordinate to this requirement. 2. Urgency to Land a. Land Immediately - Perform a landing at the closest suitable landing site. b. Land as Soon as Practicable - Land at the nearest suitable airport or landing facility. 3-3. After Emergency Action After a malfunction of equipment has occurred, appropriate emergency actions have been taken and the helicopter is on the ground, an entry must be made in the remarks section of the aircraft log book describing the malfunction. The helicopter shall not be flown until corrective action has been taken. Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED 3-4 ENSTROM 280FX OPERATOR’S MANUAL FAA Approved: Nov 26/13 Rev. 9 Report No. 28-AC-020 Nov 5/13 3-4. Emergency Exit To exit the cabin in the event of an emergency, first attempt to open the doors. If the doors will not open, break the door windows, overhead windows, or windshields as the situation requires. Visit www.enstromhelicopter.com for instructions to order an original manual and to register for email notification of updates. UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN DOWNLOADED OR PRINTED