Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L

6-9 thru 6-16 ..................... 20. January 2016 7-1 .............................. 20. September 2006 7-2 ........................................ 20. April 2002 7-3 thru 7-4 ........................ 31. March 2009 7-5 thru 7-8 ........................... 20. April 2002 7-9 ..................................... 31. March 2009 7-10 ............................. 15. December 2005 7-11 ................................. 20. January 2016 7-12 thru 7-13 ............... 15. December 2005 7-14 ................................... 8. October 2009 7-15 thru 7-16 ........................ 20. April 2002 8-1 thru 8-4 ........................... 20. April 2002 9-1 ................................. 5. December 2008 9-2 ................................... 20. January 2016 9-3 ..................................... 31. March 2009 9-4 ........................................ 20. April 2002 901-1 thru 901-4 .................... 20. April 2002 902-1 thru 902-3 .................... 20. April 2002 902-4 .................................. 8. October 2009 903-1 thru 903-10 .................. 20. April 2002 904-1 thru 904-4 .................... 20. April 2002 904-5 ................................ 20. January 2016 904-6 thru 904-8 .................... 20. April 2002 905-1 ................................ 20. January 2016 905-2 ..................................... 20. April 2002 905-3 thru 905-5 ............... 20. January 2016 905-6 ..................................... 20. April 2002 906-1 thru 906-2 .................... 20. April 2002 906-3 thru 906-6 .................... 19. April 2012 907-1 .................................. 16. March 2009 907-2 thru 907-3 .................... 20. April 2002 907-4 .................................. 16. March 2009 907-5 ................................ 20. January 2016 907-6 thru 907-6 ................. 16. March 2009 908-1 thru 908-2 .................... 20. April 2002 908-3 ................................ 20. January 2016 908-4 .................................. 16. March 2009 908-5 ................................ 20. January 2016 908-6 thru 908-8 ................. 16. March 2009 909-1 ................................ 20. January 2016 909-2 ..................................... 20. April 2002 909-3 thru 909-8 ............... 20. January 2016 910-1 thru 910-2 .................... 20. April 2002 910-3 thru 910-5 ................. 16. March 2009 910-6 thru 910-8 .................... 20. April 2002 911-1 thru 911-2 .................... 20. April 2002 911-3 .................................. 31. March 2009 911-4 ..................................... 20. April 2002 912-1 thru 912-6 ........... 15. December 2005 912-7 ................................ 20. January 2016 912-8 ............................ 15. December 2005 913-1 thru 913-6 ........... 15. December 2005 Page Date Page Date: 20. January 2016 Page Date: 31. March 2009 iii Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L 913-7 ................................ 20. January 2016 913-8 ............................ 15. December 2005 914-1 thru 914-2 ........... 15. December 2005 914-3 ................................ 20. January 2016 914-4 thru 914-6 ........... 15. December 2005 915-1 thru 915-2 ........... 15. December 2005 915-3 ................................ 20. January 2016 915-4 .............................. 5. December 2008 915-5 ............................ 15. December 2005 915-6 .............................. 5. December 2008 915-7 thru 915-8 ........... 15. December 2005 916-1 thru 916-2 ........... 15. December 2005 916-3 .................................. 31. March 2009 916-4 thru 916-6 ........... 15. December 2005 917-1 thru 917-2 ................. 31. March 2009 917-3 ................................ 20. January 2016 917-4 thru 917-8 ................. 31. March 2009 918-1 thru 918-3 ........... 15. December 2005 918-4 thru 918-5 ............... 20. January 2016 918-6 ............................ 15. December 2005 919-1 thru 919-3 ........... 15. December 2005 919-4 ................................ 20. January 2016 919-5 thru 919-8 ........... 15. December 2005 920-1 thru 920-3 ................. 31. March 2009 920-4 ................................ 20. January 2016 920-5 thru 920-10 ............... 31. March 2009 921-1 ................................ 20. January 2016 921-2 .............................. 5. December 2008 921-3 .................................. 8. October 2009 921-4 thru 921-5 ............... 20. January 2016 921-6 ..................................... 19. April 2012 921-7 ................................ 20. January 2016 921-8 thru 921-9 .................... 19. April 2012 921-10 .............................. 20. January 2016 921-11 thru 921-16 ................ 19. April 2012 922-1 thru 922-3 ............. 5. December 2008 922-4 ................................ 20. January 2016 922-5 thru 922-8 ............. 5. December 2008 923-1 thru 923-2 ............. 5. December 2008 923-3 ................................ 20. January 2016 923-4 thru 923-8 ............. 5. December 2008 924-1 thru 924-2 ................. 31. March 2009 924-3 ................................ 20. January 2016 924-4 thru 924-11 ............... 31. March 2009 924-12 .............................. 31. October 2013 925-1 thru 925-8 ................. 31. March 2009 926-1 thru 926-1 ................. 31. March 2009 926-3 ..................................... 19. April 2012 926-4 .................................. 31. March 2009 926-5 ..................................... 19. April 2012 926-6 ................................ 20. January 2016 926-7 thru 926-8 ................. 31. March 2009 Page Date Page Date: 20. January 2016 927-1 ................................ 31. October 2013 927-2 ..................................... 19. April 2012 927-3 ................................ 31. October 2013 927-4 thru 927-6 .................... 19. April 2012 928-1 thru 928-4 ............... 17. January 2013 929-1 thru 929-16 ............. 20. January 2016 Page Date iv Page Date: 31. March 2009 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L INTRODUCTION This handbook contains 9 sections, and includes the material required to be furnished to the pilot by FAR Part 23. It also contains supplementary data supplied by EXTRA Flugzeug- produktions- und Vertriebs- GmbH. THIS MANUAL IS FURNISHED TO THE CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITIES AS A PART OF THE CERTIFICATION MATERIAL FOR THIS MODEL. NOTES This Flight Manual applies only to the aircraft whose nationality and registration marks are noted on the title page. This Flight Manual is only valid in connection with the latest approved revision. Refer to the EXTRA Homepage (direct link: http://www.extraaircraft.com/techservice.php), where the POH Revision Index always shows the current revision status. It is the responsibility of the pilot to be familiar with the contents of this Flight Manual including revisions and any relevant supplements. Pages of this Airplane Flight Manual must not be exchanged and no alterations of or additions to the approved contents may be made without the EXTRA Flugzeugproduktions- und Vertriebs- GmbH/EASA approval. The editor has the copyright of this Flight Manual and is responsible for edition of revisions/ amendments and supplements. Amendments, which affect the airworthiness of the aircraft will be announced in the mandatory Service Bulletins issued by the manufacturer EXTRA Flugzeugproduktions- und Vertriebs- GmbH coming along with the "Airworthiness Directive" (AD) publication issued by the EASA. The owner is responsible for incorporating prescribed amendments and should make notes about these on the records of amendments. Should this Flight Manual get lost, inform EXTRA Flugzeugproduktions- und Vertriebs- GmbH, Flugplatz Dinslaken 46569 Hünxe, Federal Republic of Germany. Should this Flight Manual be found, kindly forward it to the civil board of aviation in the country the aircraft is registered. Page Date: 19. April 2012 Page Date: 31. March 2009 v Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L NOTES AND SAFETY NOTES Safety notes in this manual are marked by a boxed textmarker in the middle of the page and written in semi-bold characters. This manual distinguishes three warning levels: D A N G E R Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. W A R N I N G Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. C A U T I O N Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or mode- rate injury. Additional information given in this manual are also marked by boxed textmarkers in the middle of the page and are written in semi-bold characters: N O T I C E Is used to address practices not related to physical injury. N O T E Represents an useful or remarkable hint. TERMINOLOGIE The words "shall", "must" or "will" are used to express a mandatory requirement. The word "should" is used to express nonmandatory provisions. The word "may" is used to express permissible. Page Date: 20. January 2016 vi Page Date: 31. March 2009 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L MAIN TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1 GENERAL 1-1 2 LIMITATIONS 2-1 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3-1 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES 4-1 5 PERFORMANCE 5-1 6 WEIGHT & BALANCE/EQUIPMENT LIST 6-1 7 AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS 7-1 8 AIRPLANE HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE 8-1 9 SUPPLEMENTS 9-1 Page Date: 20. April 2002 1 - 1 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 1 General SECTION 1 GENERAL Table of Contents Paragraph Page SECTION 1 GENERAL 1.0 DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.1 SPECIFICATION OF CLASS ................................................................................................. 1-3 1.2 MANUFACTURER .................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.3 TECHNICAL DATA ................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.3.1 3-View Drawing ...................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.3.2 Main Data ............................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.3.3 Wing ...................................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3.4 Horizontal Tail ......................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3.5 Elevator .................................................................................................................................. 1-4 1.3.6 Vertical Tail ............................................................................................................................. 1-4 1.3.7 Rudder ................................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.4 ENGINE .................................................................................................................................. 1-4 1.5 PROPELLER ......................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.5.1 Exhaust Systems (Optional) .................................................................................................. 1-5 1.6 FUEL ...................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.7 OIL ......................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.8 LOADING ............................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.9 TERMINOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.10 SECONDARY TERMINOLOGY .............................................................................................. 1-7 1.11 CONVERSION TABLE ........................................................................................................... 1-8 Page Date: 16. March 2009 1 - 2 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Section 1 General Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Left blank intentionally Page Date: 20. April 2002 1 - 3 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 1 General 1.0 DESCRIPTION The airframe of the EXTRA 300L is built of a tig-welded steel-tube construction. Wings, empennage and landing gear are manufactured of composite material. The aircraft is a two-seater with the rear seat instrumented for pilot in comand. 1.1 SPECIFICATION OF CLASS The aircraft is certified in normal and acrobatic category (T.C.D.S. EASA.A.362). 1.2 MANUFACTURER EXTRA Flugzeugproduktions- und Vertriebs- GmbH, Flugplatz Dinslaken 46569 Hünxe, Federal Republic of Germany. 1.3 TECHNICAL DATA 1.3.1 3-VIEW DRAWING Page Date: 31. March 2009 1 - 4 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Section 1 General Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L 1.3.2 MAIN DATA - Length 6,96 m (22,83 ft) - Height 2,62 m ( 8,60 ft) - Span 8,00 m (26,25 ft) - Wheel-base 5,07 m (16,63 ft) - Wheel-track 1,80 m ( 5,91 ft) 1.3.3 WING - Wing span 8,0 m (26,25 ft) - Wing-area 10,7 m² (115,17 ft²) - Airfoil Root: MA 15 S. Tip, MA 12 S - Chord Root: 1,85 m. Tip, 0,88 m - MAC 1,404 m ( 4,61 ft) - Aileron area 2 x 0,855 m² (2 x 9,20 ft²) - Aileron deflection up/down 30°, tolerance ± 2° 1.3.4 HORIZONTAL TAIL - Span 3,20 m (10,50 ft) - Area 2,56 m² (27.56 ft²) - Airfoil Wortmann FX 71-L-150/30 1.3.5 ELEVATOR - Area 0,77 m² (8,29 ft²) - Elevator-deflection up/down 25°, tolerance ±2° - Trim-tab-deflection up 40°, down 50°, tolerance ±5° 1.3.6 VERTICAL TAIL - Area 1,39 m² (14,96 ft²) - Airfoil Wortmann FX 71-L-150/30 1.3.7 RUDDER - Area 0,51 m² ( 5,49 ft²) - Rudder deflection left/right 30°, tolerance ±2° Page Date: 19. April 2012 Page Date: 20. April 2002 1 - 5 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 1 General 1.4 ENGINE Manufacturer: Textron-Lycoming Williamsport Plant PA 17701 USA. a) Type Lycoming AEIO-540-L1B5 b) Type Lycoming AEIO-540-L1B5D Rated power: 300 HP @ 2700 RPM; 270 HP @ 2400 RPM 1.5 PROPELLER Manufacturer: MT-Propeller Entwicklung GmbH, Federal Republic of Germany. a) Type MTV-9-B-C/C 200-15 3-blade constant speed. b) Type MTV-14-B-C/C 190-17 4-blade constant speed. 1.5.1 EXHAUST SYSTEMS (OPTIONAL) Manufacturer: Gomolzig Flugzeug- und Maschinenbau GmbH, Federal Republic of Germany Exhaust Silencer for standard system: PN: EA 300 NSD GO3-606500. Complete 6 in 1 System with integrated Silencer: PN: EA 300-606000 1.6 FUEL Fuel type AVGAS 100/100 LL (for alternate fuel grades see later issues of Textron Lycoming S.I. No 1070) Minimum 100/130 octane. Maximum 115/145 octane. Total fuel capacity: 171 L (45.1 US.gal) - Wingtanks (2 x 60 L): 120 L (31.7 US.gal) - Acro & center tank: 51 L (13.4 US.gal) Usable fuel capacity in the system: 165.5 L (43.7 US.gal) Usable fuel capacity for acrobatic: 45.5 L (12.0 US.gal) 1.7 OIL Maximum sump capacity: 16 US.qt Minimum sump capacity: 9 US.qt Average ambient air Mil-L6082 Mil-22851 temperature grades ashless dispersant grades All temperatures ---- SAE 15W50 or 20W50 > 27°C (80°F) SAE 60 SAE 60 > 16°C (60°F) SAE 50 SAE 40 or 60 - 1°C til 32°C SAE 40 SAE 40 (30°F - 90°F) Page Date: 31. March 2009 1 - 6 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Section 1 General Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L 1.7 OIL (Cont.) Average ambient air Mil-L6082 Mil-22851 temperature grades ashless dispersant grades - 18°C til 21°C SAE 30 SAE 30,40 or 20W40 (0°F - 70°F) - 18°C til 32°C SAE 20W50 SAE 20W50 or 15W50 (0°F - 90°F) < -12°C (10°F) SAE 20 SAE 30 or 20W30 (single or multi - viscosity aviation grade oils see latest issue of Textron Lyc. S.I. No. 1014) 1.8 LOADING Wing loading 88,8 kg/m² Normal 76,6 / 81,3 kg/m² Acrobatic (1 seat / 2 seats) Power loading 3,17 kg/hp Normal 2.73 / 2.90 kg/hp Acrobatic (1 seat / 2 seats) 1.9 TERMINOLOGY Air Speeds CAS Calibrated Air Speed. CAS is the same as TAS (True Air Speed) in standard atmospheric condition at sea level KCAS Calibrated speed in knots GS Ground speed IAS Indicated air speed KIAS Indicated speed in knots TAS True air speed. It's the same as CAS compensated for altitude, temperature and density VA Maneuvering speed V NE Never exceed speed V NO Maximum structural crusing speed VS Stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed VX Best angle-of-climb speed V Y Best rate-of-climb speed Page Date: 20. April 2002 1 - 7 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 1 General Meteorological terminology ISA International standard atmospheric condition OAT Outside air temperature 1.10 SECONDARY TERMINOLOGY fpm Feet/minute ft Feet = 0.3048 m in inch = 2.54 cm m Meter L Litres US.gal US (liquid) gallon = 3.79 litres US.qt US (liquid) quart = 0.946 litres hp Horse power (english) h Hour kts Knots (nm/h) = 1.852 kilometer per hour km/h Kilometer per hour lbs English pound = 0.4536 kg hPa hekto Pascal inHg Inches of mercury MP Manifold pressure PA Pressure altitude (ft) nm Nautical miles = 1.852 km rpm Revolutions per minute CG Center of gravity Arm Arm is the horizontal distance from reference datum Moment is the product of weight of an item multiplied by its arm. Page Date: 31. March 2009 1 - 8 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Section 1 General Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L 1.11 CONVERSION TABLE Page Date: 16. March 2009 Page Date: 20. April 2002 2 - 1 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS Table of Contents Paragraph Page SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS 2.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2 AIR SPEED (IAS) ............................................................................................................... 2-3 2.3 CROSS-WIND COMPONENT ............................................................................................. 2-3 2.4 ENGINE .............................................................................................................................. 2-3 2.4.1 Fuel ..................................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.4.2 Engine Limitations ............................................................................................................... 2-4 2.5 PROPELLER ...................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.6 WEIGHT LIMITS ................................................................................................................. 2-5 2.7 WEIGHT AND C.G. ENVELOPE ......................................................................................... 2-5 2.7.1 Normal Flight ....................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.7.2 Acrobatic Flight (1 Seat) ...................................................................................................... 2-5 2.7.3 Acrobatic Flight (2 Seats) .................................................................................................... 2-6 2.8 ACROBATIC MANEUVERS ................................................................................................ 2-6 2.8.1 Normal Flight ....................................................................................................................... 2-6 2.8.2 Acrobatic Flight .................................................................................................................... 2-6 2.9 LOAD FACTOR ................................................................................................................... 2-7 2.9.1 Normal Flight ....................................................................................................................... 2-7 2.9.2 Acrobatic Flight .................................................................................................................... 2-8 2.10 FLIGHT CREW LIMITS ...................................................................................................... 2-8 2.11 KINDS OF OPERATIONAL LIMITS .................................................................................... 2-8 2.11.1 Structural Temperature/Colour Limitation ............................................................................. 2-8 2.12 MAXIMUM OPERATING ALTITUDE ................................................................................... 2-8 2.13 TIRE PRESSURE ............................................................................................................... 2-8 2.14 MARKINGS AND PLACARDS ............................................................................................ 2-8 2.14.1 Aircraft Identity Placards ...................................................................................................... 2-8 2.14.2 Operating Placards .............................................................................................................. 2-9 2.14.3 Instrument Markings .......................................................................................................... 2-12 2.15 KINDS OF OPERATION EQUIPMENT LIST .......................................................................2-13 Page Date: 20. January 2016 2 - 2 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations Left blank intentionally Page Date: 20. April 2002 2 - 3 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS 2.1 GENERAL This section includes operating limitations, instrument markings, and basic placards necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft, its engine, standard systems, and standard equipment. The limitations included in this section have been approved by the EASA. Observance of these operating limitations is required by national aviation regulations. N O T E In case of an aircraft equipped with specific options additional information required for safe operation will be contained in Section 9 "Supplements". Instrument markings and placards are provided for the acrobatic category only; for normal category refer to corresponding limitations. This aircraft is certified under Type Certification Data Sheet (T.C.D.S. EASA.A.362). Any exceedance of given limitations has to be reported by the pilot so that necessary inspection or maintenance procedures according to the SERVICE MANUAL EA 300/L can be performed . 2.2 AIR SPEED (IAS) Never Exceed Speed V NE 220 knots (407 km/h) Max. Structural Cruising Speed (Normal Cat.) V NO 140 knots (259 km/h) Max. Structural Cruising Speed (Acro I , Acro II) V NO 158 knots (293 km/h) Maneuver Speed (Normal Cat.) VA 140 knots (259 km/h) Maneuver Speed (Acro I , Acro II) VA 158 knots (293 km/h) 2.3 CROSS-WIND COMPONENT Max. demonstrated cross-wind component for take-off and landing is 15 knots (27 km/h). 2.4 ENGINE Engine-type Textron-Lycoming AEIO-540-L1B5 / AEIO-540-L1B5D with rated maximum 300 HP @ 2700 RPM. Page Date: 31. March 2009 2 - 4 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations 2.4.1 FUEL Minimum grade aviation gasoline: 100/100LL; for alternate fuelgrades see latest revision of Lyc. S.I. No. 1070 Total fuel capacity: 171 L (45.1 US.gal). Usable fuel capacity: 165.5 L (43.6 US.gal). For acrobatic flight wing tanks must be empty. Total fuel capacity for acrobatic: 51 L (13.4 US.gal) in acro & center tank. Usable fuel capacity for acrobatic: 45.5 L (12.0 US.gal) in acro & center tank. 2.4.2 ENGINE LIMITATIONS a) Rotational Speed -Maximum Take-Off and Maximum Continuous 2700 rpm b) Oil-temperature -Max 118°C 245°F c) Oil capacity -Maximum sump capacity: 15.13 L 16 US.qt -Minimum sump capacity: 8.51 L 9 US.qt d) Oil pressure -Minimum Idling 172 kPa 25 Psi -Normal 379 - 655 kPa 55 - 95 Psi -Starting,Warm up, Taxi and Take-Off 793 kPa 115 Psi W A R N I N G It is normal for the oil pressure to "flicker" from 10 to 30 psi (69 to 207 kPa) when going from upright to inverted flight. During knife edge flights and zero-g flights oil pressure may drop and the oil system may not scavenge resulting in engine failure or damage if flight is prolonged. Knife edge and zero-g flight should not exceed 10 seconds. W A R N I N G If oil pressure drops to 0 psi (kPa) the propeller pitch changes automatically to coarse (high) pitch with a corresponding decrease in RPM. Apply positive g to avoid engine stoppage. e) Fuel pressure -Max 276 kPa 40 Psi -Min 124 kPa 18 Psi -Min Idle 83 kPa 12 Psi Page Date: 20. January 2016 Page Date: 20. April 2002 2 - 5 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations f) Cylinder head temperature -Max 260°C 500°F 2.5 PROPELLER MT-Propeller Entwicklung GmbH, Federal Republic of Germany a) Type MTV-14-B-C/C190-17 -Maximum Take-Off and Maximum Continuous 2700 rpm b) Type MTV-9-B-C/C200-15 -Maximum Take-Off (5 min) 2700 rpm -Maximum Continuous 2400 rpm* N O T E* RPM limitation due to compliance with applicable noise protection requirements (FAR 36). However for non-US registered airplanes an enhanced rotational speed limitation of 2700 RPM may be permissable when registered in the Acrobatic Category only as ICAO Annex 16 grants an exception for airplanes specially designed for acrobatic purposes. 2.6 WEIGHT LIMITS Max allowed empty weight: -Normal category 745 kg (1643lbs) -Acrobatic category ( 1 seat) 701 kg (1546lbs) ( 2 seats) 665 kg (1466lbs) Max allowed T/O weight: -Normal category 950 kg (2095 lbs) -Acrobatic category ( 1 seat) 820 kg (1808 lbs) ( 2 seats) 870 kg (1918 lbs) Max allowed landing weight: 950 kg (2095 lbs) 2.7 WEIGHT AND C.G. ENVELOPE Vertical reference = fire-wall. Horizontal reference = upper longerons in cockpit. 2.7.1 NORMAL FLIGHT Max T/O Weight: forward C.G. rear C.G. 950 kg (2095 lbs) 67.1 cm (26.4") 84.1 cm (33.1") (and below) 2.7.2 ACROBATIC FLIGHT (1 SEAT) Max T/O Weight: forward C.G. rear C.G. 820 kg (1808 lbs) 67.1 cm (26.4") 84.1 cm (33.1") (and below) Page Date: 5. December 2008 Page Date: 8. October 2009 2 - 6 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations 2.7.3 ACROBATIC FLIGHT (2 SEATS) Max T/O Weight: forward C.G. rear C.G. 870 kg (1918 lbs) 67.1 cm (26.4") 84.1 cm (33.1") (and below) 2.8 ACROBATIC MANEUVERS 2.8.1 NORMAL FLIGHT All acrobatic maneuvers are prohibited except stall, chandelle, lazy eight and turns up to 60 degrees bank angle. 2.8.2 ACROBATIC FLIGHT The plane is designed for unlimited acrobatics (wing tank must be empty). Inverted flight maneuvers are limited to max 4 minutes. Recommended basic maneuver entry speeds are listed in the following list. N O T E This airplane is capable up to 10g maneuvers. If acrobatic maneuvers will be performed with a co-pilot or passenger, the pilot should ensure that the co-pilot/ passenger has been properly briefed on the physiological effects of high g maneuvers. This briefing should include accepted muscles straining and breathing techniques to counter the physiological effects of high g maneuvers. During the flight, the pilot should ensure the co-pilot/passenger is doing OK. Check weight and C/G! W A R N I N G Particular caution must be exercised when performing maneuvers at speeds above VA [158 KIAS (293 km/h)]. Large or abrupt control inputs above this speed may impose unacceptably high loads which exceed the structural capability of the aircraft. N O T E For acrobatic maneuvers see Section 4. All maneuvers can be performed in upright and inverted flight attitude. Page Date: 20. January 2016 Page Date: 20. April 2002 2 - 7 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations Maneuvers Recommended entry speeds IAS Symbol Remarks min knots (km/h) max knots (km/h) Segment: horizontal Line VS VNE 45°climbing 80 (148) VNE 90° up VA VNE 45° diving VS VNE reduce throttle 90° diving VS VNE reduce throttle 1/4 Loop climb. 100 (185) 190 (352) Looping 100 (185) 190 (352) Stall turn 100 (185) 190 (352) Aileron roll 80 (148) VA full deflection Snap roll 80 (148) 140 (259) "tail slide" 100 (185) 190 (352) Spin VS Inverted spin VS Knife edge >150 (278) < 10 s Inverted Flight >V S 190 (352) < 4 min 2.9 LOAD FACTOR 2.9.1 NORMAL FLIGHT + 6 g - 3 g Page Date: 20 . January 2016 2 - 8 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations 2.9.2 ACROBATIC FLIGHT + 10 g / - 10 g for 1 seat occupied (MTOW 820 kg / 1808 lbs) + 8 g / - 8 g for 2 seat occupied (MTOW 870 kg / 1918 lbs) 2.10 FLIGHT CREW LIMITS Minimum crew is one pilot in the rear seat. Solo flying from rear seat only. Maximum 2 persons are allowed. For hearing protection noise supression (passive or active) communication headsets are required. The rear cockpit is equipped with a complete set of airplane controls and instruments. 2.11 KINDS OF OPERATIONAL LIMITS Only VFR flights at day are allowed. The A/C may be operated at OAT from -20°C (-4°F) to +44°C (+111°F). Below temperatures of -10°C (+14°F) the oil vent line must be modified by the low temperature kit (breather line). Flight in known icing-conditions is prohibited. Smoking is prohibited. 2.11.1 STRUCTURAL TEMPERATURE/COLOUR LIMITATION Structure is qualified up to 72°C (161.6°F). Structure temperatures (composite) above 72°C (161.6°F) are not permitted. Not to exceed this temperature limit, color specification for composite structure (manufacturer document EA-03205.19) has to be complied with. To check the temperature inside the cockpit (potential "green house" effect) a reversible temperature indicator (STRUCTURAL OVERHEAT INDICATOR) is applied on the upper side of the wing main spar in the carry-through section. After reaching the temperature limit of 72°C (161,6°F) the word "RISK" appears and flying is prohibited. 2.12 MAXIMUM OPERATING ALTITUDE Max. certified operating altitude is 16000 ft MSL (4877 m) 2.13 TIRE PRESSURE The tire pressure is 3,4 Bar (49,3 PSI). 2.14 MARKINGS AND PLACARDS 2.14.1 AIRCRAFT IDENTITY PLACARDS or EXTRA FLUGZEUGPRODUKTIONS- UND VERTRIEBS-GMBH MODEL: EA 300/L SERIAL NUMBER: _______ TC-NUMBER: A67EU Page Date: 20. January 2016 RISK CAUTION: While the word RISK appears, flying is prohibited ! STRUCTURAL OVERHEAT INDICATOR EXTRA MANUFACTURER EXTRA FLUGZEUGBAU GMBH MODEL: EA 300/L SERIAL NUMBER: _______ TC-NUMBER: Page Date: 20. April 2002 2 - 9 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations O F F WING TANK 120 L USABLE (31,7 US GAL) ACRO & CENTER 45.5 L USABLE (12.0 US GAL) FUEL SELECTOR => 2.14.2 OPERATING PLACARDS or (near airspeed indicator) THE MARKINGS AND PLACARDS INSTALLED IN (in the rear cockpit) THIS AIRPLANE CONTAIN OPERATING LIMITATIONS WHICH MUST BE COMPLIED WITH WHEN OPERATING THIS AIRPLANE IN THE ACROBATIC CATEGORY. OTHER LIMITATIONS WHICH MUST BE COMPLIED WITH WHEN OPERATING THIS AIRPLANE IN THIS CATEGORY OR IN THE NORMAL CATEGORY ARE CONTAINED IN THE AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL. APPLICABLE RPM LIMITATION MUST BE OBSERVED. THIS AIRPLANE IS CERTIFICATED (on the rear instrument panel) FOR VFR, DAY OPERATION. OPERATION IN KNOWN ICING CONDITIONS IS PROHIBITED. F U E L (near each filler cap) AVGAS 100/100 LL OIL( (on the separate hatch / upper cowling) (in both cockpits near selector valve handle) NOSE DOWN <= NEUTRAL=> NOSE UP (near the handle at the right side TRIM in the rear cockpit) WING TANK (on the rear instrument panel under MUST BE EMPTY FOR ACROBATICS fuel capacity indicator) ACRO & CENTER TANK SHOWS "ZERO" IN LEVEL FLIGHT BELOW 11 L (2.9 US GAL) UNUSABLE FUEL 5.5 L (1.5 US GAL.) Page Date: 16. March 2009 2 - 10 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations THE REMAINING FUEL IN LEVEL FLIGHT (on the rear instrument panel CANNOT BE USED SAFELY under the acro & center tank fuel WHEN INDICATOR READS "ZERO". capacity indicator) ACROBATIC: ± 10 G, 1 PILOT ± 8 G, 2 PERSON ON BOARD MTOW: 820 KG (1808 LBS) MTOW: 870 KG (1918 LBS) NORMAL: + 6 G/ -3 G; MTOW: 950 KG (2095 LBS) (in both cockpits) ACROBATICS INCL. SPIN NOT APPROVED AUXILIARY FUEL PUMP (near pump-switch on the instrument panel in the rear cockpit) ON OFF NO SMOKING (in both cockpits) USE OF HEADSET IS REQUIRED (on the right side of both USE OF PARACHUTE IS RECOMMENDED instrument panels) NO BAGGAGE (on Lexan ® cover aft pilot's seat, if installed) MAGNETIC (near Mag. Dir. Indicator) DIRECTION INDICATOR CALIBRATION LOW RPM <= PROP => HIGH RPM (on RPM control unit in the rear cockpit) LEAN <= MIXTURE => RICH (on mixture control unit in the rear cockpit) CLOSE <= THROTTLE => OPEN (near throttle control in both cockpits) LOCK <= CANOPY => UNLOCK (near canopy locking handles of each cockpit) V E N T (near the eyeball-type adjustable vents) O P E N Page Date: 15. December 2005 Page Date: 20. April 2002 2 - 11 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations or (in both cockpits) or WARNING: SOLO FLYING FROM (on front instrument panel) REAR SEAT ONLY! Maneuvers Airspeeds Maneuvers Airspeeds min km/h max min max Segment: Horizontal Line V V Aileron roll 148 293 45°climbing 148 V Snap roll 148 259 90° up 293 V "Tail-slide" 185 352 45° diving V V Spin V ---- 90° diving V V Inverted spin V ---- 1/4 Loop climb. 185 352 Inverted flight > V 352 (Less than 4 min) Loop 185 352 Knife edge >278 ---- Stall turn 185 352 (Less than 10 s) S NE NE NE S NE S S NE S S km/h km/h km/h Approved acrobatic maneuvers and recommended entry airspeeds Page Date: 16. March 2009 2 - 12 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations 2.14.3 INSTRUMENT MARKINGS AIRSPEED INDICATOR green arc 60 KIAS (111 km/h) - 158 KIAS (293 km/h) yellow arc 158 KIAS (293 km/h) - 220 KIAS (407 km/h) red line 220 KIAS (407 km/h) OIL PRESSURE INDICATOR Range markings are depending on instrument installed. red line 25 Psi yellow arc 25 Psi - 55 Psi green arc 55 Psi - 90 Psi or 55 Psi - 95 Psi yellow arc 90 Psi - 100 Psi or 95 Psi - 115 Psi red line 100 Psi or 115 Psi OIL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR yellow arc < 140 °F green arc 140 °F - 210 °F yellow arc 210 °F - 245 °F red line 245°F CYLINDERHEAD TEMPERATURE INDICATOR yellow arc < 150 °F green arc 150 °F - 435 °F yellow arc 435 °F - 500 °F red line 500°F RPM INDICATOR green arc 700 RPM - 2400 RPM yellow arc* 2400 RPM - 2700 RPM red line 2700 RPM G - METER green arc - 5 g - + 8 g yellow arc + 8 g - + 10 g red line + 10 g FUEL FLOW INDICATOR green arc 0 gal / h - 35 gal / h red radial 35 gal / h *) Refer to Section 4.6 and 4.8.2 Page Date: 19. April 2012 Page Date: 20. April 2002 2 - 13 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations MANIFOLD PRESSURE INDICATOR green arc 10 " Hg - 25 " Hg yellow arc 25 " Hg - 29.5 " Hg red radial 29.5 " Hg 2.15 KINDS OF OPERATION EQUIPMENT LIST The aircraft may be operated in day VFR when the appropriate equipment is installed and operable. Flying under icing conditions is prohibited. The following equipment list identifies the systems and equipment upon which type certification for each kind of operation was predicated. The following systems and items of equipment must be installed and operable for the particular kind of operation indicated. NORMAL ACROBATIC 1 seat 2 seats COMMUNICATION 1. Transceiver-VHF 1 1 1 ELECTRICAL POWER 1. Battery 1 1 1 2. Alternator 1 1 1 3. Ammeter 1 1 1 FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 1. Elevator-trim control 1 1 1 2. Stall warning 1 1 1 FUEL 1. Boost pump 1 1 1 2. Fuel quantity indicator 2 2 2 3. Manifold pressure 1 1 1 4. Fuel flow indicator 1 1 1 5. Fuel pressure 0 0 0 LIGHT 1. Wing-tip position / strobe light 1 1 1 NAVIGATION 1. Altimeter 1 1 1 2. Airspeed indicator 1 1 1 3. Mag. direction indicator 1 1 1 4. OAT indicator 0 0 0 5. Vertical speed indicator 0 0 0 6. Turn and bank indicator 0 0 0 7. Artificial horizon 0 0 0 8. Directional gyro 0 0 0 9. Transponder 1 1 1 1 Page Date: 15. December 2005 1 ) In some airspaces Mode S Elementary Surveillance functionality is required 2 - 14 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Section 2 Limitations NORMAL ACROBATIC 1 seat 2 seats ENGINE CONTROL 1. RPM indicator 1 1 1 2. Exhaust gas temperature ind. 0 0 0 3. Cylinder head temperature ind. 0 0 0 OIL 1. Oil temperature indicator 1 1 1 2. Oil pressure indicator 1 1 1 FLIGHT CREW EQUIPMENT 1. Parachute rear 0 * * 2. Parachute front 0 0 * 3. Seat belt rear 1 1 1 4. Seat belt front 1 0 1 5. Headset rear 1 1 1 6. Headset front 1 0 1 N O T E The zeros ( 0 ) used in the above list mean that either the equipment or system, or both were not required for type certification for that kind of operation. Either equipment or systems in addition to those listed above may be required by the national operating regulations. The asterisks ( * ) used in the above list mean that latest national aviation regulations must be observed in determining whether the equipment and/or system are required. According FAR Part 91 „General Operating and Flight Rules" each occupant of an US registered airplane must wear an approved parachute when performing acrobatic maneuvers. Extra Flugzeugproduktions- und Vertriebs- GmbH considers acrobatics without wearing an approved parachute to be unsafe. Page Date: 20. January 2016 Page Date: 20. April 2002 3 - 1 Section 3 Emergency Procedures Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Table of Contents Paragraph Page SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 3-3 3.0.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.0.2 General Behaviour in Emeregency Situations ..................................................................... 3-3 3.1 AIRSPEEDS FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION .................................................................. 3-4 3.2 OPERATIONAL CHECKLIST ............................................................................................. 3-4 3.2.1 Engine Failure during Take-off Roll ...................................................................................... 3-4 3.2.2 Engine Failure immediately after Take-off ............................................................................ 3-4 3.2.3 Engine Failure during Flight (Restart Process) .................................................................... 3-4 3.2.4 Oil System Malfunction ........................................................................................................ 3-5 3.2.5 Alternator Failure ................................................................................................................. 3-5 3.3 FORCED LANDINGS .......................................................................................................... 3-5 3.3.1 Emergency Landing without Engine Power ......................................................................... 3-5 3.3.2 Precautionary Landing with Engine Power........................................................................... 3-5 3.4 FIRES ................................................................................................................................. 3-6 3.4.1 During Start on Ground........................................................................................................ 3-6 3.4.2 If Engine Fails to Start ......................................................................................................... 3-6 3.4.3 Engine Fire in Flight............................................................................................................. 3-7 3.5 ICING .................................................................................................................................. 3-7 3.5.1 Inadvertent Icing Encounter ................................................................................................. 3-7 3.6 UNINTENTIONAL SPIN ...................................................................................................... 3-7 3.7 MANUAL BAIL-OUT ........................................................................................................... 3-7 3.8 EMERGENCY EXIT AFTER TURN OVER .......................................................................... 3-8 3.9 ELEVATOR CONTROL FAILURE ....................................................................................... 3-8 3 - 2 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Section 3 Emergency Procedures Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L Left blank intentionally Page Date: 20. April 2002 3 - 3 Section 3 Emergency Procedures Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3.0 INTRODUCTION 3.0.1 GENERAL This section contains the checklist and procedures coping with emergencies that may occur. This checklist must be followed in various emergencies to ensure maximum safety for the crew and/or aircraft. Thorough knowledge of these procedures will enable the aircrew to better cope with an emergency. The steps should be performed in the listed sequence. However the procedures do not restrict the aircrew from taking any additional action necessary to deal with the emergency. 3.0.2 GENERAL BEHAVIOUR IN EMEREGENCY SITUATIONS As soon as one of the crew member becomes aware that an emergency situation exists, he must immediately alert the other crew member of the situation. In any emergency situation, contact should be established with a ground station as soon as possible after completing the initial corrective action. Include position, altitude, heading, speed, nature of the emergency and pilot's intentions in the first transmission. There after the ground station should be kept informed of the progress of the flight and of any changes or developments in the emergency. Three basic rules apply to most emergencies and should be observed by each aircrew member: 1. Maintain aircraft control 2. Analyze the situation and take proper action 3. Land as soon as possible/as soon as practical The meaning of "as soon as possible" and "as soon as practical" as used in this section is as follows: Land AS SOON AS POSSIBLE (ASAP) = Emergency conditions are urgent and require an immediate landing at the nearest suitable airfield, considering also other factors, such as weather conditions and aircraft mass. Land AS SOON AS PRACTICAL= Emergency conditions are less urgent and in the aircrews judgement the flight may be safely continued to an airfield where more adequate facilities are available. W A R N I N G Make only one attempt to restore an automatically disconnected power source or reset or replace an automatically disconnected CPD (circuit protection device) that affects flight operations or safety. Each successive attempt to restore an automatically disconnected power source, or the resetting of an automatically disconnected CPD can result in progressively worse effects. Page Date: 20. January 2016 3 - 4 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Section 3 Emergency Procedures Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L 3.1 AIRSPEEDS FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION Stall speed 60 KIAS (111 km/h) Engine failure after take-off 80 KIAS (148 km/h) Best recommended gliding speed ( glide angle 1 : 6,2 ) -Normal (950 kg) 90 KIAS (167 km/h) -Acro (820 kg) 80 KIAS (148 km/h) Precautionary landing with engine power 80 KIAS (148 km/h) Landing without engine power 80 KIAS (148 km/h) Maximum demonstrated cross wind component 15 Knots (27 km/h) 3.2 OPERATIONAL CHECKLIST 3.2.1 ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKE-OFF ROLL 1. Throttle IDLE 2. Brakes APPLY 3. Mixture IDLE CUT OFF 4. Ignition switch OFF 5. Master switch OFF 3.2.2 ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKE-OFF Stall speed 60 KIAS (111 km/h) 1. Airspeed 80 KIAS (148 km/h) 2. Mixture IDLE CUT OFF 3. Fuel shutoff valve OFF (Pull & Turn) 4. Ignition switch OFF 5. Master switch OFF 6. Forced landing PERFORM as practical 3.2.3 ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (RESTART PROCESS) 1. Airspeed 80 KIAS (148 km/h) 2. Fuel shutoff valve CENTER & ACRO 3. Mixture RICH 4. Boost pump ON 5. Ignition switch BOTH (or START if propeller has stopped) Page Date: 16. March 2009 Page Date: 20. April 2002 3 - 5 Section 3 Emergency Procedures Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L 3.2.4 OIL SYSTEM MALFUNCTION If oil pressure indicates low: Apply positive "g" If oil pressure is not regained then: 1. Airspeed 80 KIAS (148 km/h) 2. Throttle REDUCE TO IDLE 3. Engine oil temperature OBSERVE INDICATION 4. Land ASAP N O T E If oil pressure drops to 0 psi (kPa) the propeller pitch changes automatically to coarse (high) pitch with a corresponding decrease in RPM. 3.2.5 ALTERNATOR FAILURE An alternator failure is indicated by the red light of the low voltage monitor. If red light illuminates: 1. Alternator SWITCH OFF AND ON 2. Low voltage monitor CHECK INDICATION 3. Red light off CONTINUE FLIGHT If red light illuminates again: 4. Land AS SOON AS PRACTICAL 3.3 FORCED LANDINGS 3.3.1 EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 1. Seat belts, shoulder harnesses SECURE 2. Airspeed 80 KIAS (148 km/h) 3. Mixture IDLE CUT OFF 4. Fuel shutoff valve OFF (Pull & Turn) 5. Ignition switch OFF 6. Master switch OFF 7. Touchdown SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW 8. Brakes OPTIMUM BRAKING 3.3.2 PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER 1. Seat belts, shoulder harnesses SECURE 2. Airspeed 80 KIAS (148 km/h) 3. Selected field FLY OVER, noting terrain and obstructions, then reaching a safe altitude and airspeed 4. Master switch OFF 5. Touchdown SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW 6. Ignition switch OFF 7. Mixture IDLE CUT OFF 8. Fuel shutoff valve OFF (Pull & Turn) 9. Brakes APPLY HEAVILY Page Date: 16. March 2009 Page Date: 20. January 2016 3 - 6 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Section 3 Emergency Procedures Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L WARNING 3.4 FIRES 3.4.1 DURING START ON GROUND 1. Cranking CONTINUE to get a start which would suck the flames and accumulated fuel through the air inlet and into the engine. 2. Fuel shutoff valve OFF (Pull & Turn) 3. Power 1700 RPM for one minute. 4. Engine SHUT DOWN 5. After engine stop ABANDON aircraft and inspect for damage 6. Fire EXTINGUISH using fire extinguisher if available W A R N I N G Risk of burns due to flames shooting out. Do not open engine compartment access doors while engine is on fire. 3.4.2 IF ENGINE FAILS TO START 1. Cranking CONTINUE 2. Throttle FULL OPEN 3. Mixture IDLE CUT OFF 4. Fuel shutoff valve OFF (Pull & Turn) If fire is extinguished 5. Master switch OFF 6. Ignition switch OFF 7. Engine compartment INSPECT Page Date: 20. January 2016 Page Date: 20. April 2002 3 - 7 Section 3 Emergency Procedures Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L 3.4.3 ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Mixture IDLE CUT OFF 2. Fuel shutoff valve OFF (Pull & Turn) 3. Master switch OFF 4. Airspeed 100 KIAS (185 km/h), find your airspeed/attitude which will keep the fire away from the cockpit 5. Land as soon as possible 3.5 ICING 3.5.1 INADVERTENT ICING ENCOUNTER 1. Turn back or change altitude to obtain an outside temperature that is less conductive to icing. 2. Plan a landing at the nearest airfield. With extremely rapid ice build-up select a suitable "off airport" landing field. 3.6 UNINTENTIONAL SPIN Refer to section 4 (Normal Procedures) acrobatic maneuver, spin recovery. 3.7 MANUAL BAIL-OUT When in an emergency situation that requires abandoning the aircraft and while wearing a parachute, which is at least strongly recommended for acrobatics: 1. Inform your passenger 2. Reduce speed to 100 KIAS (185 km/h) if possible 3. Pull mixture to lean 4. Open canopy (the low pressure over the canopy in normal flight will flip the canopy full open immediately) 5. Take off headset 6. Open seat belt 7. Leave airplane to the left side 8. Try to avoid wing and tail 9. Open parachute Page Date: 16. March 2009 3 - 8 Page Date: 20. April 2002 Section 3 Emergency Procedures Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L 3.8 EMERGENCY EXIT AFTER TURN OVER 1. Master switch OFF 2. Fuel shutoff valve OFF (Pull & Turn) 3. Seat belts OPEN 4. Parachute harnesses (if wearing a parachute) OPEN 5. Canopy handle PULL TO OPEN N O T E If canopy fails to open break the canopy. 6. Aircraft EVACUATE ASAP 3.9 ELEVATOR CONTROL FAILURE In case of elevator control failure the aircraft can be flown with the elevator trim. In this case trim nose up to the desired speed and control horizontal flight or descend with engine power. For landing trim nose up and establish a shallow descend by adjusting throttle. To flair the plane gently increase power to bring the nose up to landing attitude. Page Date: 31. March 2009 Page Date: 20. April 2002 4 - 1 Section 4 Normal Procedures Pilot´s Operating Handbook EXTRA 300L SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES Table of Contents Paragraph Page SECTION 4 4.0 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................ 4-3 4.0.1 Airspeeds for Normal Operation ........................................................................................... 4-3 4.0.2 Checklist and Procedures .................................................................................................... 4-3 4.1 PREFLIGHT INSPECTION .................................................................................................. 4-4 4.1.1 Exterior Inspection Illustration .............................................................................................. 4-4 4.1.2 General ................................................................................................................................ 4-4 4.2 CHECKLIST PROCEDURES ............................................................................................... 4-4 4.3 STARTING PROCEDURES .................................................................................................. 4-6 4.3.1 Cold Engines ....................................................................................................................... 4-6 4.3.2 Hot Engines ......................................................................................................................... 4-6 4.4 TAXIING THE AIRCRAFT .................................................................................................... 4-6 4.5 TAKE-OFF PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................... 4-7 4.5.1 Before Take-Off .................................................................................................................... 4-7 4.5.2 Take-Off ............................................................................................................................... 4-7 4.6 CLIMB ................................................................................................................................. 4-7 4.7 CRUISE ............................................................................................................................... 4-7 4.8 LANDING PROCEDURES ................................................................................................... 4-8 4.8.1 Descent ............................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.8.2 Approach ............................................................................................................................. 4-8 4.8.3 Before Landing ..................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.8.4 Normal Landing .................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.9 GO-AROUND ....................................................................................................................... 4-9 4.10 SHUTDOWN ........................................................................................................................ 4-9 4.11 LEAVING THE AIRCRAFT ................................................................................................... 4-9 4.12 ACROBATIC MANEUVERS ...............................................................................................4-10 4.12.1 General ...............................................................................................................................4-10 4.12.2 Maneuvers ..........................................................................................................................4-10 4.12.3 Spin ....................................................................................................................................4-12 4.13 NOISE LEVEL ....................................................................................................................4-12 Page Date: 20. 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