Document
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) Pt. 5 any certificate, rating, or authorization 5.27 Coordination of emergency response issued under part 47, 61, 63, 65, 67, or 107, and planning.
an individual aircraft owner’s aircraft reg- istration certificate will be considered inef- Subpart C—Safety Risk Management fective.
5.51 Applicability.
(e) No individual shall be issued a certifi- 5.53 System analysis and hazard identifica- cate, rating, or authorization under parts 47, tion.
61, 63, 65, 67, or 107 of this chapter unless the 5.55 Safety risk assessment and control.
individual has designated a U.S. agent as re- 5.57 Notification of hazards to interfacing quired under this subpart.
2. At 89 FR 81312, Oct. 8, 2024, § 3.303 was persons.
amended by revising paragraph (d), effective July 7, 2025. For the convenience of the user, Subpart D—Safety Assurance the revised text is set forth as follows: 5.71 Safety performance monitoring and § 3.303 Designation of a U.S. agent for serv- measurement.
ice.
5.73 Safety performance assessment.
5.75 Continuous improvement.
* * * * * Subpart E—Safety Promotion (d) No individual shall exercise the privi- leges of any certificate, rating, or authoriza- 5.91 Competencies and training.
tion issued under part 47, 61, 63, 65, 67, or 107 5.93 Safety communication.
of this chapter unless the individual has des- ignated a U.S. agent as required under this Subpart F—SMS Documentation and subpart. Aircraft registration certificates Recordkeeping issued to individuals who fail to designate a U.S. agent as required under this subpart 5.95 SMS documentation.
will be ineffective. 5.97 SMS records.
A UTHORITY : 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40101, * * * * * 40113, 40119, 41706, 44101, 44701–44702, 44705, 44709–44711, 44713, 44716–44717, 44722, 46105; Sec.
102, Pub. L. 116–260, 134 Stat. 2309; Sec 215, PART 5—SAFETY MANAGEMENT Pub. L. 111–216, 124 Stat. 2366.
SYSTEMS S OURCE : Doc. No. FAA–2009–0671, Amdt. 5–1, 80 FR 1326, Jan. 8, 2015, unless otherwise Subpart A—General noted.
Sec.
5.1 Applicability.
Subpart A—General 5.3 Definitions.
5.5 General requirements.
5.7 Requirements for domestic, flag, and S OURCE : Docket No. FAA–2021–0419; Amdt.
supplemental operations. 5–2, 89 FR 33104, Apr. 26, 2024, unless other- 5.9 Requirements for commuter and on-de- wise noted.
mand operations or passenger-carrying flights for compensation or hire. § 5.1 Applicability.
5.11 Requirements for production certifi- This part applies to all of the fol- cate holders that are holders or licensees lowing: of a type certificate for the same prod- (a) Any person that holds or applies uct.
5.13 Requirements for type certificate hold- for a certificate issued under part 119 of ers or licensees applying for a production this chapter authorizing the person to certificate for the same product.
conduct operations under part 121 of 5.15 Requirements for type certificate hold- this chapter.
ers that allow another person to use the (b) Any person that holds or applies type certificate to obtain a production for a certificate issued under part 119 of certificate for the same product.
this chapter authorizing the person to 5.17 Organizational system description.
5.19 Implementation plan. conduct operations under part 135 of this chapter.
Subpart B—Safety Policy (c) Any person that holds or applies for a Letter of Authorization issued 5.21 Safety policy.
under § 91.147 of this chapter.
5.23 Safety accountability and authority.
(d) Any person that holds both a type 5.25 Designation and responsibilities of re- quired safety management personnel. certificate and a production certificate Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 5.7 issued under part 21 of this chapter for safety information to support the im- the same product. plementation and operation of an SMS (e) Any person that holds a produc- in an organization.
tion certificate issued under part 21 of Safety Risk Management means a proc- this chapter for a product for which the ess within the SMS composed of de- person is a licensee of the type certifi- scribing the system, identifying the cate for the same product.
hazards, and analyzing, assessing, and (f) Any person that applies for a pro- controlling risk.
duction certificate under part 21 of this § 5.5 General requirements.
chapter for a product for which the per- son is the holder or licensee of the type (a) SMS components. An SMS under certificate for the same product.
this part must be appropriate to the (g) Any person that holds a type cer- size, scope, and complexity of the per- tificate issued under part 21 of this son’s organization and include, at a chapter for a product, except for per- minimum, all of the following compo- sons that hold only type certificates nents: issued under § 21.29 of this chapter, that (1) Safety policy that meets the re- allows another person to use the type quirements of subpart B of this part.
certificate to manufacture the same (2) Safety risk management that product under a production certificate.
meets the requirements of subpart C of this part.
§ 5.3 Definitions.
(3) Safety assurance that meets the Hazard means a condition or an ob- requirements of subpart D of this part.
ject that could foreseeably cause or (4) Safety promotion that meets the contribute to an incident or aircraft requirements of subpart E of this part.
accident, as defined in 49 CFR 830.2.
(b) Continuing requirements. Any per- Risk means the composite of pre- son required to develop and implement dicted severity and likelihood of the an SMS under this part must maintain potential effect of a hazard.
the SMS in accordance with this part.
Risk control means a means to reduce or eliminate the effects of hazards.
§ 5.7 Requirements for domestic, flag, Safety assurance means processes and supplemental operations.
within the SMS that function system- (a) Any person authorized to conduct atically to ensure the performance and operations under part 121 of this chap- effectiveness of safety risk controls ter that has an SMS acceptable to the and that the organization meets or ex- FAA on or before May 28, 2024, must re- ceeds its safety objectives through the vise its SMS to meet the requirements collection, analysis, and assessment of of this part no later than May 28, 2025.
information.
(b) Any person applying for author- Safety Management System (SMS) ization to conduct operations under means the formal, top-down, organiza- part 121 of this chapter or with such ap- tion-wide approach to managing safety plication pending on or after May 28, risk and assuring the effectiveness of 2024, must develop and implement an safety risk controls. It includes sys- SMS that meets the requirements of tematic procedures, practices, and poli- this part.
cies for the management of safety risk.
(c) Any person required to develop Safety objective means a measurable and implement an SMS under this sec- goal or desirable outcome related to tion must maintain the SMS as long as safety.
the person is authorized to conduct op- Safety performance means realized or erations under part 121 of this chapter.
actual safety accomplishment relative to the organization’s safety objectives. (d) Any person required to develop Safety policy means the person’s docu- and implement an SMS under this sec- mented commitment to safety, which tion must make available to the Ad- defines its safety objectives and the ac- ministrator, upon request, all nec- countabilities and responsibilities of essary information and data that dem- its employees in regards to safety. onstrates that the person has an SMS Safety promotion means a combina- that meets the requirements set forth tion of training and communication of in this part.
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) § 5.9 (a) Develop and maintain an organi- § 5.9 Requirements for commuter and on-demand operations or pas- zational system description in accord- senger-carrying flights for com- ance with § 5.17 of this subpart.
pensation or hire.
(b) Submit an implementation plan in accordance with § 5.19 of this subpart (a) Any person authorized to conduct for FAA approval in a form and manner operations under part 135 of this chap- acceptable to the Administrator no ter or that holds a Letter of Authoriza- later than November 28, 2024.
tion issued under § 91.147 of this chapter (c) Develop an SMS that meets the before May 28, 2024, must: requirements of this part.
(1) Develop and implement an SMS that meets the requirements of this (d) Implement the SMS in accordance part no later than May 28, 2027. with this part no later than May 28, (2) Submit to the FAA, a declaration 2027.
of compliance with this part in a form (e) Make available to the Adminis- and manner acceptable to the Adminis- trator, upon request, all necessary in- trator no later than May 28, 2027. formation and data that demonstrates that the person has an SMS that meets (b) Any person applying for author- the requirements set forth in this part.
ization to conduct operations under (f) Maintain the SMS as long as the part 135 of this chapter or a Letter of person is both a holder of a production Authorization under § 91.147 of this certificate and a holder or licensee of a chapter, or with such application pend- type certificate for the same product.
ing on or after May 28, 2024, must de- velop and implement an SMS that § 5.13 Requirements for type certifi- meets the requirements of this part.
cate holders or licensees applying (c) Any person required to develop for a production certificate for the and implement an SMS under this sec- same product.
tion must maintain the SMS as long as (a) This section applies to any holder the person is authorized to conduct op- or licensee of a type certificate for a erations under either part 135 or § 91.147 product who either: of this chapter.
(1) Applies for a production certifi- (d) Any person required to develop cate for that same product under part and implement an SMS under this sec- 21 of this chapter on or after May 28, tion must make available to the Ad- 2024, or ministrator, upon request, all nec- (2) Has an application for a produc- essary information and data that dem- tion certificate for that same product onstrates that the person has an SMS under part 21 of this chapter pending that meets the requirements set forth on May 28, 2024.
in this part.
(b) Any person that meets paragraph (e) The following requirements do not (a) of this section must: apply to those organizations with a (1) Develop and maintain an organi- single pilot who is the sole individual zational system description in accord- performing all necessary functions in ance with § 5.17 of this subpart.
the conduct and execution related to, (2) Submit an implementation plan or in direct support of, the safe oper- in accordance with § 5.19 of this subpart ation of the aircraft: §§ 5.21(a)(4), for FAA approval in a form and manner 5.21(a)(5), 5.21(c), 5.23(a)(2), 5.23(a)(3), acceptable to the Administrator during 5.23(b), 5.25(b)(3), 5.25(c), 5.27(a), 5.27(b), the certification process.
5.71(a)(7), 5.93, and 5.97(d) of this part.
(3) Develop an SMS that meets the § 5.11 Requirements for production requirements of this part.
certificate holders that are holders (4) Implement the SMS in accordance or licensees of a type certificate for with this part no later than 36 months the same product.
after submission of the implementa- Any person that holds a production tion plan.
certificate issued under part 21 of this (5) Make available to the Adminis- chapter for a product for which the per- trator, upon request, all necessary in- son is the holder or licensee of the type formation and data that demonstrates certificate for the same product on or that the person has an SMS that meets before May 28, 2024, must: the requirements set forth in this part.
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 5.21 (6) Maintain the SMS as long as the (3) Develop an SMS that meets the person is both a holder of a production requirements of this part.
certificate and a holder or licensee of a (4) Implement the SMS in accordance type certificate for the same product. with this part no later than 36 months after submission of the person’s imple- § 5.15 Requirements for type certifi- mentation plan.
cate holders that allow another per- (5) Make available to the Adminis- son to use the type certificate to ob- trator, upon request, all necessary in- tain a production certificate for the formation and data that demonstrates same product.
that the person has an SMS that meets (a) This section applies to any person the requirements set forth in this part.
that holds a type certificate issued (6) Maintain the SMS as long as the under part 21 of this chapter for a prod- person continues to meet paragraph (a) uct, except for persons that hold only of this section.
type certificates issued under § 21.29 of § 5.17 Organizational system descrip- this chapter, that allows another per- tion.
son to use the type certificate to man- ufacture the same product under a pro- An organizational system description duction certificate. developed and maintained under this (b) Any person that meets paragraph part must include a summary of the (a) of this section and has a licensing following information about the safety agreement in accordance with § 21.55 of of the aviation products or services this chapter on May 28, 2024, must: provided by the person: (1) Develop and maintain an organi- (a) The person’s aviation-related zational system description in accord- processes, procedures, and activities.
ance with § 5.17 of this subpart. (b) The function and purpose of the (2) Submit an implementation plan aviation products or services.
in accordance with § 5.19 of this subpart (c) The operating environment.
for FAA approval in a form and manner (d) The personnel, equipment, and fa- acceptable to the Administrator no cilities necessary for operation.
later than November 28, 2024.
§ 5.19 Implementation plan.
(3) Develop an SMS that meets the (a) An implementation plan filed requirements of this part.
under this part must be based on the (4) Implement the SMS in accordance organizational system description as with this part no later than May 28, defined in § 5.17 and describe the means 2027.
of compliance (including, but not lim- (5) Make available to the Adminis- ited to, new or existing policies, proc- trator, upon request, all necessary in- esses, or procedures) used to meet the formation and data that demonstrates requirements of this part.
that the person has an SMS that meets (b) A person required to submit an the requirements set forth in this part.
implementation plan under this part (6) Maintain the SMS as long as the must make available to the Adminis- person continues to meet paragraph (a) trator, upon request, all necessary in- of this section.
formation and data that demonstrates (c) Any person that meets paragraph that the SMS has been or will be imple- (a) of this section and enters into a li- mented in accordance with the imple- censing agreement in accordance with mentation plan.
§ 21.55 of this chapter after May 28, 2024, must: (1) Develop and maintain an organi- Subpart B—Safety Policy zational system description in accord- § 5.21 Safety policy.
ance with § 5.17 of this subpart.
(2) Submit an implementation plan (a) Any person required to have an in accordance with § 5.19 of this subpart SMS under this part must have a safe- for FAA approval in a form and manner ty policy that includes at least the fol- acceptable to the Administrator when lowing: providing written licensing agreements (1) The person’s safety objectives.
in accordance with § 21.55 of this chap- (2) The person’s commitment to ful- ter. fill the safety objectives.
14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) § 5.23 (3) A clear statement about the pro- to make decisions regarding safety risk vision of the necessary resources for acceptance.
the implementation of the SMS.
[Doc. No. FAA–2009–0671, Amdt. 5–1, 80 FR (4) A safety reporting policy that de- 1326, Jan. 8, 2015, as amended by Amdt. 5–2, 89 fines requirements for employee re- FR 33106, Apr. 26, 2024] porting of safety hazards or issues.
(5) A policy that defines unacceptable § 5.25 Designation and responsibilities of required safety management per- behavior and conditions for discipli- sonnel.
nary action.
(6) An emergency response plan that (a) Designation of the accountable exec- provides for the safe transition from utive. Any person required to have an normal to emergency operations in ac- SMS under this part must identify an cordance with the requirements of accountable executive who, irrespec- § 5.27.
tive of other functions, satisfies the (7) A code of ethics that is applicable following: to all employees, including manage- (1) Is the final authority over oper- ment personnel and officers, which ations authorized to be conducted clarifies that safety is the organiza- under the person’s certificate(s) or Let- tion’s highest priority.
ter(s) of Authorization.
(b) The safety policy must be signed (2) Controls the financial resources by the accountable executive described required for the operations to be con- in § 5.25.
ducted under the person’s certificate(s) (c) The safety policy must be docu- or Letter(s) of Authorization.
mented and communicated throughout (3) Controls the human resources re- the person’s organization.
quired for the operations authorized to (d) The safety policy must be regu- be conducted under the person’s certifi- larly reviewed by the accountable exec- cate(s) or Letter(s) of Authorization.
utive to ensure it remains relevant and (4) Retains ultimate responsibility appropriate to the person.
for the safety performance of the oper- ations conducted under the person’s [Doc. No. FAA–2009–0671, Amdt. 5–1, 80 FR certificate(s) or Letter(s) of Authoriza- 1326, Jan. 8, 2015, as amended by Amdt. 5–2, 89 tion.
FR 33106, Apr. 26, 2024] (b) Responsibilities of the accountable § 5.23 Safety accountability and au- executive. The accountable executive thority.
must accomplish the following: (1) Ensure that the SMS is properly (a) Any person required to have an implemented and is performing across SMS under this part must define in its all pertinent areas.
safety policy the accountability for (2) Develop and sign the safety pol- safety of the following individuals: icy.
(1) Accountable executive, as de- (3) Communicate the safety policy scribed in § 5.25.
throughout the person’s organization.
(2) All members of management in (4) Regularly review the safety policy regard to developing, implementing, to ensure it remains relevant and ap- and maintaining SMS processes within propriate to the person.
their area of responsibility, including, (5) Regularly review the safety per- but not limited to: (i) Hazard identification and safety formance and direct actions necessary risk assessment. to address substandard safety perform- (ii) Assuring the effectiveness of safe- ance in accordance with § 5.75.
ty risk controls. (c) Designation of management per- (iii) Promoting safety as required in sonnel. The accountable executive must subpart E of this part. designate sufficient management per- (iv) Advising the accountable execu- sonnel who, on behalf of the account- tive on the performance of the SMS able executive, are responsible for the and on any need for improvement. following: (3) Employees relative to the person’s (1) Coordinate implementation, safety performance. maintenance, and integration of the (b) The person must identify the lev- SMS throughout the person’s organiza- els of management with the authority tion.
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 5.55 (2) Facilitate hazard identification § 5.53 System analysis and hazard and safety risk analysis. identification.
(3) Monitor the effectiveness of safe- (a) When applying safety risk man- ty risk controls.
agement, any person required to have (4) Ensure safety promotion through- an SMS under this part must analyze out the person’s organization as re- the systems identified in § 5.51. Those quired in subpart E of this part.
system analyses must be used to iden- (5) Regularly report to the account- tify hazards under paragraph (c) of this able executive on the performance of section and in developing and imple- the SMS and on any need for improve- menting risk controls related to the ment.
system under § 5.55(c).
(b) In conducting the system anal- [Doc. No. FAA–2021–0419, Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR 33106, Apr. 26, 2024] ysis, the following information must be considered: § 5.27 Coordination of emergency re- (1) Function and purpose of the sys- sponse planning.
tem.
Where emergency response proce- (2) The system’s operating environ- dures are necessary, any person re- ment.
quired to have an SMS under this part (3) An outline of the system’s proc- must develop, and the accountable ex- esses and procedures.
ecutive must approve as part of the (4) The personnel, equipment, and fa- safety policy, an emergency response cilities necessary for operation of the plan that addresses at least the fol- system.
lowing: (5) The interfaces of the system.
(a) Delegation of emergency author- (c) Any person required to have an ity throughout the person’s organiza- SMS under this part must develop and tion.
maintain processes to identify hazards (b) Assignment of employee respon- within the context of the system anal- sibilities during the emergency.
ysis.
(c) Coordination of the emergency re- [Doc. No. FAA–2009–0671, Amdt. 5–1, 80 FR sponse plans with the emergency re- 1326, Jan. 8, 2015, as amended by Amdt. 5–2, 89 sponse plans of other organizations it FR 33106, Apr. 26, 2024] must interface with during the provi- sion of its services.
§ 5.55 Safety risk assessment and con- trol.
[Doc. No. FAA–2021–0419, Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR 33106, Apr. 26, 2024] Any person required to have an SMS under this part must: Subpart C—Safety Risk (a) Develop and maintain processes Management to analyze safety risk associated with the hazards identified in § 5.53(c).
§ 5.51 Applicability.
(b) Define a process for conducting risk assessment that allows for the de- Any person required to have an SMS termination of acceptable safety risk.
under this part must apply safety risk (c) Develop and maintain processes to management to the following: develop safety risk controls that are (a) Implementation of new systems.
necessary as a result of the safety risk (b) Revision of existing systems.
assessment process under paragraph (b) (c) Development of operational proce- of this section.
dures.
(d) Evaluate whether the risk will be (d) Identification of hazards or inef- acceptable with the proposed safety fective risk controls through the safety risk control applied before the safety assurance processes in subpart D of risk control is implemented.
this part.
[Doc. No. FAA–2021–0419, Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR [Doc. No. FAA–2009–0671, Amdt. 5–1, 80 FR 33107, Apr. 26, 2024] 1326, Jan. 8, 2015, as amended by Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR 33107, Apr. 26, 2024] 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–25 Edition) § 5.57 maintain processes that analyze the § 5.57 Notification of hazards to inter- facing persons. data acquired through the processes and systems identified under paragraph If a person required to have an SMS (a) of this section and any other rel- under this part identifies a hazard in evant data with respect to its oper- the operating environment, the person ations, products, and services.
must provide notice of the hazard to any interfacing person that, to the best (c) Any person that holds both a type of the person’s knowledge, could ad- certificate and a production certificate dress the hazard or mitigate the risk.
issued under part 21 of this chapter for For the purpose of this section, inter- the same product must submit a sum- facing persons are those that con- mary of the confidential employee re- tribute to the safety of the certificate ports received under paragraph (a)(7) of or Letter of Authorization holder’s this section to the Administrator once aviation-related products and services.
every 6 months.
[Doc. No. FAA–2021–0419, Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR [Doc. No. FAA–2021–0419, Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR 33107, Apr. 26, 2024] 33107, Apr. 26, 2024] Subpart D—Safety Assurance § 5.73 Safety performance assessment.
(a) Any person required to have an § 5.71 Safety performance monitoring SMS under this part must conduct as- and measurement.
sessments of its safety performance (a) Any person required to have an against its safety objectives, which in- SMS under this part must develop and clude reviews by the accountable exec- maintain processes and systems to ac- utive, to: quire data with respect to its oper- (1) Ensure compliance with the safety ations, products, and services to mon- risk controls established by the person.
itor the safety performance of the or- (2) Evaluate the performance of the ganization. These processes and sys- tems must include, at a minimum, the SMS.
following: (3) Evaluate the effectiveness of the (1) Monitoring of operational proc- safety risk controls established under esses. § 5.55(c) and identify any ineffective (2) Monitoring of the operational en- controls.
vironment to detect changes.
(4) Identify changes in the oper- (3) Auditing of operational processes ational environment that may intro- and systems.
duce new hazards.
(4) Evaluations of the SMS and oper- (5) Identify new hazards.
ational processes and systems.
(b) Upon completion of the assess- (5) Investigations of incidents and ac- ment, if ineffective controls or new cidents.
hazards are identified under paragraphs (6) Investigations of reports regard- (a)(2) through (5) of this section, the ing potential non-compliance with reg- person must use the safety risk man- ulatory standards or other safety risk agement process described in subpart C controls established by the person of this part.
through the safety risk management process established in subpart C of this [Doc. No. FAA–2009–0671, Amdt. 5–1, 80 FR part.
1326, Jan. 8, 2015, as amended by Amdt. 5–2, 89 (7) A confidential employee reporting FR 33108, Apr. 26, 2024] system in which employees can report hazards, issues, concerns, occurrences, § 5.75 Continuous improvement.
incidents, as well as propose solutions Any person required to have an SMS and safety improvements, without con- under this part must establish and im- cern of reprisal for reporting.
plement processes to correct safety (8) Investigations of hazard notifica- performance deficiencies identified in tions that have been received from ex- the assessments conducted under § 5.73.
ternal sources.
(b) Any person required to have an [Doc. No. FAA–2021–0419, Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR SMS under this part must develop and 33108, Apr. 26, 2024] Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 5.97 Subpart E—Safety Promotion Subpart F—SMS Documentation and Recordkeeping § 5.91 Competencies and training.
§ 5.95 SMS documentation.
Any person required to have an SMS Any person required to have an SMS under this part must provide training under this part must develop and main- to each individual identified in § 5.23 of tain the following SMS documentation: this part to ensure the individuals at- (a) Safety policy.
tain and maintain the competencies (b) SMS processes and procedures.
necessary to perform their duties rel- evant to the operation and perform- [Doc. No. FAA–2009–0671, Amdt. 5–1, 80 FR ance of the SMS.
1326, Jan. 8, 2015, as amended by Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR 33108, Apr. 26, 2024] [Doc. No. FAA–2021–0419, Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR 33108, Apr. 26, 2024] § 5.97 SMS records.
Any person required to have an SMS § 5.93 Safety communication.
under this part must: Any person required to have an SMS (a) Maintain records of outputs of under this part must develop and main- safety risk management processes as tain means for communicating safety described in subpart C of this part.
information that, at a minimum: Such records must be retained for as (a) Ensures that employees are aware long as the control remains relevant to the operation.
of the SMS policies, processes, and (b) Maintain records of outputs of tools that are relevant to their respon- safety assurance processes as described sibilities.
in subpart D of this part. Such records (b) Conveys hazard information rel- must be retained for a minimum of 5 evant to the employee’s responsibil- years.
ities.
(c) Maintain a record of all training (c) Explains why safety actions have provided under § 5.91 for each indi- been taken.
vidual. Such records must be retained (d) Explains why safety procedures for as long as the individual is em- are introduced or changed.
ployed by the person.
(d) Retain records of all communica- [Doc. No. FAA–2009–0671, Amdt. 5–1, 80 FR tions provided under § 5.93 or § 5.57 for a 1326, Jan. 8, 2015, as amended by Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR 33108, Apr. 26, 2024] minimum of 24 consecutive calendar months.
[Doc. No. FAA–2021–0419, Amdt. 5–2, 89 FR 33108, Apr. 26, 2024]