Type Acceptance Report TAR 96/15 – Cessna 172 Series

which was previously covered separately by TAR 99/1. The application for New Zealand type acceptance of this model was from the manufacturer dated 5 June 1998. The 172S is nearly identical to the 172R except the engine power has been increased to 180 hp by the simple process of raising the maximum RPM to 2700 and fitting a new propeller. The MTOW is increased to 2550 lb. The 172R can be up-rated to 172S specification by embodiment of Cessna Modification Kit MK172-72-01, although this is only applicable to certain serial numbers. (The same process can also be achieved by STC.) Type Acceptance Certificate Number 99/1 was granted on 30 October 1998 to the Cessna Model 172S based on validation of FAA Type Certificate 3A12. There are no special requirements for import into New Zealand. The report was raised to Revision 2 to include the Block Point Change 2008 (BP2008) aircraft. Under this production update on the Models 172R/S the KAP140 autopilot has been replaced with the Garmin GFC-700 AFCS and a new Flight Manual is used. Other changes include vibrometer fuel senders, LED position/ground recognition lights, improved pedestal lighting and Garmin G1000 software updates. The application for type acceptance was from the manufacturer dated 11/1/08. Revision 3 to this report added the 1983-84 Cessna 172Q not previously included, and updated the format to list all other type certificated variants. This was at the request of the type certificate holder, who has provided access to all technical publications. The Cessna 172 started life as a tricycle landing gear variant of the proposed Cessna 170C, which had been developed with the Continental O-300 engine and enlarged and squared off vertical tail. It went through the typical Cessna yearly model update, with the swept back tail introduced on the 1960 172A, and the” omni-vision” rear window came on the 1963 172D. A major change was the introduction of the Lycoming four-cylinder engine on the 172I. Tapered steel tube landing gear was fitted to the 1971 172L, and the drooped (cambered) wing leading edge introduced on the 1973 172M. The first example of the Cessna 172 Skyhawk in New Zealand was serial number 28480 registered ZK-BQG in May 1956. Type Acceptance Report Rev.3 : 28 September 2018 TAR 96/15 – Cessna 172 Series 5 4. NZCAR §21.43 Data Requirements The type data requirements of NZCAR Part 21B Para §21.43 have been satisfied by supply of the following documents, or were already held by the CAA: (1) State-of-Design Type certificate: FAA Type Certificate Number 3A12 FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet number 3A12 at Revision 84 dated July 29, 2015 – Model 172 approved November 4, 1955 – Model 172A approved July 16, 1959 – Model 172B approved June 14, 1960 – Model 172C approved July 18, 1961 – Model 172D approved June 19, 1962 – Model 172E approved June 27, 1963 – Model 172F approved April 21, 1964 – Model 172G approved June 15, 1965 – Model 172H approved June 7, 1966 – Model 172I approved December 15, 1967 – Model 172K approved May 9, 1968 – Model 172L approved May 13, 1970 – Model 172M approved May 12, 1972 – Model 172N approved May 17, 1976 – Model 172P approved May 13, 1980 – Model 172Q approved October 15, 1982 – Model 172R Approved June 21, 1996 – Model 172S Approved May 1, 1998 (2) Airworthiness design requirements: (i) Airworthiness Design Standards: The certification basis of the Cessna 172 Series up to the Model 172P is Part 3 of the Civil Air Regulations effective May 15, 1956, as amended by 3-1 through 3-12. From the 1979 Model 172N on FAR §23.1559 effective March 1, 1978 was added. In addition, from the 1985 172P on, FAR §23.1545(a) Amendment 23-23 dated December 1, 1978. For the 172Q FAR §25.951(b)(2) Amendment 23-15 effective October 31, 1974 was also added. The certification basis of the Cessna 172R is FAR Part 23 effective February 1, 1965, including Amendments 23-1 through 23-6, plus later amendment dates for individual paragraphs as detailed on the TCDS. (In a Position paper dated 02 June 1995 the FAA requested Cessna update the certification basis of the Model 172R from the CAR 3 requirements used for the original type approval to some level of FAR 23. During negotiations on the matter the FAA offered to allow Cessna to choose any level of FAR 23, down to the subparagraph level, which the 172R could meet without unduly changing the design of the aircraft over that already planned. The FAA also agreed not to impose additional or later requirements on the 172R unless they believed that it was necessary for the safety of the aircraft.) Type Acceptance Report TAR 96/15 – Cessna 172 Series Rev.3 : 28 September 2018 6 The certification basis for aircraft with the Garmin G1000 Integrated Cockpit System (ICS) was updated individually by FAR 23 paragraph, again as detailed on the TCDS. In addition Special Condition 23-159-SC was applied. For aircraft with the GFC-700 AFCS two further paragraphs were updated to a later Amendment. This is an acceptable certification basis in accordance with NZCAR Part 21B Para §21.41 and AC 21-1A, because FAR 23 is the basic standard for Normal Category Airplanes called up under Part 21 Appendix C. There are no non-compliances and no additional special conditions have been prescribed by the Director under §21.23. (ii) Special Conditions: 172R and 172S: Special Condition 23-159-SC [FAA Docket No. CE219] Protection of Systems for High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) – Defines the HIRF environment for which no adverse effect on critical function performance must be demonstrated. This may be by test, analysis, models or similarity, or any combination of these. (iii) Equivalent Level of Safety Findings: 172 through 172P: CAR 3.757 Airspeed Indicator; CAR 3.778(a) Operating Limitations – The use of indicated instead of calibrated airspeed was accepted provided the approved calibration data given in the POH is available to the pilot. ASI calibration data must be predicated on flight test. 172R and 172S: Induction System Icing Protection - The system does not literally comply with FAR §23.1093. Cessna showed compliance by flight test with the fuel injector impact tubes closed off and the engine induction filter blocked over 50% of area to simulate ice. Stabilised flight was achieved for at least 30 min. Appropriate procedures were included in the Pilot’s Operating Handbook. Throttle and Mixture Controls - FAR §23.1143(g) and §23.1147(b) at Amendment 43 specifies that attachments must be designed so that the flight can continue and land if the controls separate. (Usually a spring device is used.) This was to account for poor reliability. Cessna proposed a design with compensating elements which included features less likely to separate in flight (ball bearing rod ends and oversized washers); mandatory inspection intervals and procedures; and replacement criteria. BP2008 172R and 172S: ACE 07-09 Anti-Collision Light System – FAR §23.1401(d) at Amendment 23-11 requires a red light. This ELOS was granted to use white strobe lights which meet all the requirements of the rule except for colour. The strobe light has been previously accepted under STC and PMA, and later amendments of the Rule allow red or white. However the certification basis could not be amended to include this later Amendment, as it also required a four-fold increase in light emission intensities. ACE 07-10 Aviation White Colour Requirement – FAR §23.1397(c) specifies navigation light intensities, colour specifications and field of coverage. Calculations for colours and intensity are derived for incandescent lights, and may not be applicable to LED technology. Cessna requested an ELOS for the new LED rear position light, using requirements of TSO C30c to define the colour. (iv) Airworthiness Limitations: See the Airplane Maintenance Manual. (3) Aircraft Noise and Engine Emission Standards: (i) Environmental Standard: The Model 172N has been certificated for noise under FAR Part 36, including Amendments 36-1 through 36-5. This was updated to Amendment 36-12 for the 172P and 172Q, and Amendment 36-21 for the 172R and 172S. Type Acceptance Report Rev.3 : 28 September 2018 TAR 96/15 – Cessna 172 Series 7 (ii) Compliance Listing: See Advisory Circular 36-1H Appendix 7 and Flight Manuals (Section 4). Model: MTOW: Engine: Propeller: RPM: Noise Levels MdbA CdbA 172N 2300 O-320-H2AD 1C160/DTM 7557 2700 74.3 73.8 172P 2400 O-320-D25 1C160/DTM7557 2700 74.3 73.8 172Q 2550 O-360-A4N 1A170E/JFA7658 2700 74.9 dB(A) Structural Dynamics Report No.D-172R-31 172R Take Off Noise Certification 73.3 dB(A) FAR 36 Appx.G [Amdt 36-21] – 76.3 dB(A) ICAO Annex 16 Ch.10 [Amdt.4] Structural Dynamics Report No.D-172S-31 172S Take Off Noise Certification 75.1 dB(A) FAR 36 Appx.G [Amdt 36-21] – 78.2 dB(A) ICAO Annex 16 Ch.10 [Amdt.4] (4) Certification Compliance Listing: Cessna 172Reports: 8000: Basic Data; 8001: Wing Analysis; 8002: Fuselage Analysis; 8003: Horizontal Tail Analysis; 8004: Vertical Tail Analysis; 8007: Landing Gear Analysis; 8009: Control System Analysis; 8010: Misc. Analysis Cessna Report No. 8024-2: Ground Vibration Test Results, Model 172A Cessna Report No. S-172C-31: Equipment Weight Report, Model 172C Cessna Report S-172D-34: Substantiation of Model 172D Utility Category Cessna Report S-172E-0: Model 172E – Basic Data Cessna Report S-172F-26-2: Ground Vibration Test Results and Flutter Analysis Cessna Report S-172G-33: Structures Substantiation Summary, 172G Cessna Report S-172H-33: Structures Substantiation Summary, 172H Report No. DM 172I-0: Basic Certification of the 172I with Lycoming 0-320-E2D Cessna Report No. DM-172K-0: Certification of 1970 Changes, Model 172K Report No. DM-172N-0: Approval of 1979 Model Changes to the 172N Landplane Airworthiness Rpt. 172-95-001 Master Compliance Checklist – Model 172R Airworthiness Rpt. 172-97-003 Master Compliance Checklist, 172S Skyhawk Airworthiness Report No. PR-172-001 Master Compliance Checklist, NAV III (G1000 EFIS) Model 172R/172S Skyhawk – dated 21/2/05 (Section 4.0 includes Index of Titles for Data used in 172R/172S EFIS MCC) DO Manufacturer Flight Test Report No. DM172R-29 Approval of the Garmin G1000 in the Cessna 172R Delegation Option MFTR No. DM172S-29 Approval of G1000 ICS in 172S McCauley Compliance Check Sheet Report 1C235/LFA FAA 8110-3 form dated 11/8/95 (Vibration Approval) FAA 8110-3 form dated 11/8/95 (Approval Basis) McCauley Compliance Check Sheet Report – Model 1A170/JHA dated 3/27/98 FAA 8110-3 form dated 3/27/98 (Vibration Approval) FAA 8110-3 form dated 5/4/98 (Approval Basis Type Acceptance Report TAR 96/15 – Cessna 172 Series Rev.3 : 28 September 2018 8 (5) Flight Manual: CAA AIR Cessna Number: Publication: Title: AIR 3121 P130A-13 Model 172 (1956) Owner's Manual AIR 2950 P181-13 Model 172 (1957-1958) Owner's Manual AIR 3013 P168-13 Model 172 (1959) Owner's Manual AIR 3060 P188-13 Model 172A (1960) Owner's Manual AIR 3032 D880-13 Model 172B (1961) Owner's Manual AIR 25 D124-13 Model 172C (1962) Owner's Manual AIR 2341 D157-13 Model 172D (1963) Owner's Manual AIR 2304 D209-13 Model 172E (1964) Owner's Manual AIR 2342 D615-13 Model 172F (1965) Owner's Manual AIR 2343 D616-13 Model 172G (1966) Owner's Manual AIR 2344 D638-13 Model 172H (1967) Owner's Manual AIR 3121 D584-13 Model 172I (1968) Owner's Manual AIR 3125 D625-13 Model 172K (1969) Owner's Manual AIR 3126 D742-13 Model 172K (1970) Owner's Manual AIR 3127 D837-13 Model 172L (1971) Owner's Manual AIR 3130 D902-13 Model 172L (1972) Owner's Manual AIR 2179 D964-13 Model 172M (1973) Owner's Manual AIR 2771 D1016-13 Model 172M (1974) Owner's Manual AIR 2772 D1036-13 Model 172M (1975) Owner's Manual AIR 2000 D1057-13 Model 172M (1976) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 3213 D1082-13 Model 172N (1977) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 3212 D1109-13 Model 172N (1978) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 3215 D1138-13PH Model 172N (1979) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 2125 D1172-13PH Model 172N (1980) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 2149 D1192-13PH Model 172P (1981) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 2182 D1212-13PH Model 172P (1982) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 2198 D1231-13PH Model 172P (1983) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 3673 D1247-13PH Model 172Q (1983) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 2228 D1251-13PH Model 172P (1984) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 3674 D1252-13PH Model 172Q (1984) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 2250 D1272-13PH Model 172P (1985) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 3857 D1273-13PH Model 172Q (1985) Pilot's Operating Handbook AIR 2367 D1297-13PH Model 172P (1986) Pilot's Operating Handbook 172R Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Flight Manual P/N 172RPHUS00 Issued 2 Dec 1996 – CAA Accepted as AIR 2575 172S Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA Approved Flight Manual P/N 172SPHUS00 Issued 8 July 1998 – CAA Accepted as AIR 2633 172R (NAV III Avionics Option) FAA Approved AFM and POH P/N 172RPHAUS00 Issued 8 Mar 2005 – CAA Accepted as AIR 2916 172S (NAV III Avionics Option) FAA Approved AFM and POH P/N 172SPHAUS00 Issued 25 Feb 2005 – CAA Accepted as AIR 2917 Type Acceptance Report Rev.3 : 28 September 2018 TAR 96/15 – Cessna 172 Series 9 172R (NAV III Avionics – GFC 700) FAA Approved AFM and POH P/N 172RPHBUS00 Issued 20 Dec 2007 – CAA Accepted as AIR 3026 172S (NAV III Avionics – GFC 700) FAA Approved AFM and POH P/N 172SPHBUS00 Issued 20 Dec 2007 – CAA Accepted as AIR 3027 (6) Operating Data for Aircraft, Engine and Propeller: (i) Maintenance Manual: Cessna 100 Series (1953-1962) Service Manual – Publication D138-1-13 Cessna 100 Series (1963-1968) Service Manual – Publication D637-13 Cessna 172 (1969-1976) Service Manual – Publication D972-13 Cessna 172 (1977-1986) Service Manual – Publication D2065-13 Cessna 172 Series (1996 and On) Maintenance Manual – Publication 172RMM Cessna Single Engine Structural Repair Manual – Publication SESR Cessna 172R/S Wiring Diagram Manual – Publication 172RWD Direct Drive Overhaul Manual Pub.No. 60294-7 – Revisions 60294-7-5 thru 7 Service Manual 730720 for McCauley Met-L-Prop Fixed Pitch Propellers (ii) Current service Information: Cessna Service Bulletins Lycoming Service Bulletin, Letter and Instruction INDEX – SSP-494 McCauley Service Bulletins 137H, 176C, 177B, 205B McCauley Service Letters 1973-9 through 1997-3 (iii) Illustrated Parts Catalogue: Cessna 172/175 (1956-1962) Parts Catalog – Publication P257-12 Cessna 172 (1963-1974) Parts Catalog – Publication P529-12 Cessna 172 (1975-1986) Parts Catalog – Publication P696-12 Cessna 172R/172S (1997 and on) Parts Catalog – Publication P-12 (7) Agreement from manufacturer to supply updates of data in (5), and (6): Textron Aviation Publications are now available through the Textron Aviation Technical Publications website at https://ww2.txtav.com (8) Other information: Cessna Letter L417-02-96-92 – 1996 Model 172R Configuration Changes Cessna Letter L417-02-98-062 – Model 172S Skyhawk SP Differences Cessna Letter L390-05-0843 – Details of NAV III Avionics Option 172R/S Cessna Letter L-390-08-0061 – Details of Block Point Change 2008 Changes McCauley Installation Drawing C-5465, ECN 10535 dated 11/6/95 McCauley Paint Scheme Drawing D-6629, ECN 10572 dated 12/18/95 McCauley Drawing No. C-5465 Propeller – Installation at ECN 10988 McCauley Drawing No. D-7561 Paint Scheme-Blade F/P 1A170E/JHA Type Acceptance Report TAR 96/15 – Cessna 172 Series Rev.3 : 28 September 2018 10 5. New Zealand Operational Rule Compliance Compliance with the retrospective airworthiness requirements of NZCAR Part 26 has been assessed as they are a prerequisite for the grant of an airworthiness certificate. Civil Aviation Rules Part 26 Subpart B – Additional Airworthiness Requirements Appendix B – All Aircraft PARA: REQUIREMENT: MEANS OF COMPLIANCE: B.1 Marking of Doors and Emergency Exits To be determined on an individual aircraft basis B.2 Crew Protection Requirements – CAM 8 Appdx. B # .35 Not Applicable – Agricultural Aircraft only Compliance with the following additional NZ operating requirements has been reviewed and were found to be covered by either the original certification requirements or the basic build standard of the aircraft, except as noted: Civil Aviation Rules Part 91 Subpart F – Instrument and Equipment Requirements PARA: REQUIREMENT: MEANS OF COMPLIANCE: 91.505 Seating and Restraints – Safety belt/Shoulder Harness Integrated seat belt/shoulder harness fitted – POH 7-15 91.507 Pax Information Signs – Smoking, safety belts fastened Not Applicable – Less than 10 passenger seats 91.509 Min. VFR (1) ASI (2) Machmeter (3) Altimeter (4) Magnetic Compass (5) Fuel Contents (6) Engine RPM (7) Oil Pressure FAR §23.1303(a) Fitted as Std – See POH Fig.7-2 Item 7 N/A – No Mach limitations FAR §23.1303(b) Fitted as Std – See POH Fig.7-2 Item 12 FAR §23.1303(c) FAR §23.1305(a) Fitted as Std – See POH Fig.7-2 Item 3 FAR §23.1305(d)(e) Fitted as Std – See POH Fig.7-2 Item 10 FAR §23.1305(b) Fitted as Std – See POH Fig.7-2 Item 1 (8) Coolant Temp (9) Oil Temperature (10) Manifold Pressure (11) Cylinder Head Temp. (12) Flap Position (13) U/c Position (14) Ammeter/Voltmeter N/A – Air cooled engine FAR §23.1305(c) Fitted as Std – See POH Fig.7-2 Item 1 Fitted as Standard – See POH Fig.7-2 Item 44 Fitted as Standard – See POH Fig.7-2 Item 4 FAR §23.699(a)(2) Fitted as Std – POH Fig.7-2 Item 27 N/A – Fixed Undercarriage FAR §23.1351(d) Fitted as Std – See POH Fig.7-2 Item 91.511 Night VFR Instruments and Equipment Operational requirement – Compliance as applicable 91.513 VFR Communication Equipment KX-155A Fitted as Standard – 2nd fitted under NAV I or II 91.517 IFR Instruments and Equipment (1) Gyroscopic AH (2) Gyroscopic DI (3) Gyro Power Supply (4) Sensitive Altimeter Fitted as Std – POH page 7-44 Fitted as Std – POH page 7-44 Gauge/warning annunciator Fitted as Std – POH page 7-44 (5) OAT (6) Time in hr/min/sec (7) ASI/Heated Pitot (8) Rate of Climb/Descent See POH Fig.7-2 Item 5 See POH Fig.7-2 Item 5 Fitted as Std – POH page 7-42 See POH Fig.7-2 Item 11 91.519 IFR Communication and Navigation Equipment NAV I or II Options add KLN 89 GPS and KR 87 ADF NAV III Option uses Garmin G1000 system which includes as standard dual VHF Nav/Comm and GPS. 91.523 Emergency Equipment: (a) More Than 9 pax – First Aid Kits per Table 7 – Fire Extinguishers per Table 8 (b) More than 20 pax – Axe readily accessible to crew (c) More than 61 pax – Portable Megaphones per Table 9 Not Applicable – Less than 10 passenger seats Not Applicable – Less than 10 passenger seats Not Applicable – Less than 20 passenger seats Not Applicable – Less than 61 passenger seats 91.529 ELT – TSO C126 406 MHz after 22/11/2007 Operational requirement – Compliance as applicable 91.531 Oxygen Indicators – Volume/Pressure/Delivery Operational requirement – Compliance as applicable 91.533 Oxygen for non-Pressurised Aircraft Not fitted as standard 91.541 SSR Transponder and Altitude Reporting Equipment KT-76C with Mode C fitted as standard 91.543 Altitude Alerting Device – Turbojet or Turbofan Not Applicable – Not turbo jet or turbofan powered 91.545 Assigned Altitude Indicator Operational requirement – Compliance as applicable A.15 ELT Installation Requirements To be determined on an individual aircraft basis NOTE: Page and Figure references are based on the 172R Pilot’s Operating Handbook 172RPHUS. Type Acceptance Report Rev.3 : 28 September 2018 TAR 96/15 – Cessna 172 Series 11 Civil Aviation Rules Part 135 Subpart F – Instrument and Equipment Requirements PARA: REQUIREMENT: MEANS OF COMPLIANCE: 135.355 Seating and Restraints – Shoulder harness flight-crew seats Fitted as Standard (FAR §23.785) – NOTE: Am-safe AAIR inflatable restraint system (airbag) has been approved for the 172 Series under FAA STC Number SA01700LA 135.357 Additional Instruments (Powerplant and Propeller) Certificated to FAR Part 23, including §23.1305 135.359 Night Flight Landing light, Pax compartment Operational requirement – Compliance as applicable 135.361 IFR Operations Speed, Alt, spare bulbs/fuses Operational requirement – Compliance as applicable 135.363 Emergency Equipment (Part 91.523 (a) and (b)) Operational requirement – Compliance as applicable 135.367 Cockpit Voice Recorder N/A – Only for 2-crew helicopters with more than 10 pax 135.369 Flight Data Recorder Not Applicable – Less than 10 passenger seats 135.371 Additional Attitude Indicator Not Applicable – Not turbo jet or turbofan powered NOTES: 1. A Design Rule reference in the Means of Compliance column indicates the Design Rule was directly equivalent to the CAR requirement, and compliance is achieved for the basic aircraft type design by certification against the original Design Rule. 2. The CAR Compliance Tables above were correct at the time of issue of the Type Acceptance Report. The Rules may have changed since then and compliance should be checked individually. 3. Some means of compliance above are specific to a particular model/configuration. Compliance with Part 91/119 operating requirements should be checked in each case, particularly oxygen system capacity and emergency equipment. Attachments The following documents form attachments to this report: Photographs first-of-type example 172R s/n 17280092 ZK-NPJ Three-view drawing Cessna Model 172R Skyhawk Copy of FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet Number 3A12 Sign off …………………………………….. ……………………………............... David Gill Checked – Kavita Vanmari Team Leader Airworthiness Airworthiness Engineer Type Acceptance Report TAR 96/15 – Cessna 172 Series Rev.3 : 28 September 2018 12 Appendix 1 List of Type Accepted Variants: Model: Applicant: CAA Work Request: Date Granted: 172 through 172P Advisory Circular 21-1.2/NZCAR Part 21 Appendix A(c) 172R Cessna Aircraft Company 97/21B/9 4 February 1997 172S Cessna Aircraft Company 99/21B/1 30 October 1998 172R/S – NAV III Cessna Aircraft Company 5/21B/30 29 April 2005 172R/S – BP2008 Cessna Aircraft Company 8/21B/20 25 February 2008 172Q Textron Aviation Inc 18/21B/32 28 September 2018