Document
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 142.1 flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport 142.13 Management and personnel require- with an operating control tower. ments.
(c) For a combined private pilot certification 142.14 Employment of former FAA employ- and instrument rating course involving a heli- ees.
copter: Five hours of flying solo in a heli- 142.15 Facilities.
copter on the appropriate areas of operation 142.17 Satellite training centers.
in paragraph (d)(3) of section 4 of this appen- 142.21–142.25 [Reserved] dix that includes at least— 142.27 Display of certificate.
(1) One solo cross-country flight of more 142.29 Inspections.
than 50 nautical miles with landings at a 142.31 Advertising limitations.
minimum of three points, and one segment 142.33 Training agreements.
of the flight consisting of a straight-line dis- tance of at least 25 nautical miles between Subpart B—Aircrew Curriculum and the takeoff and landing locations.
Syllabus Requirements (2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a 142.35 Applicability.
full stop (with each landing involving a 142.37 Approval of flight aircrew training flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport program.
with an operating control tower.
142.39 Training program curriculum re- (d) For a combined private pilot certification quirements.
and instrument rating course involving a pow- ered-lift: Five hours of flying solo in a pow- Subpart C—Personnel and Flight Training ered-lift on the appropriate areas of oper- ation in paragraph (d)(4) of section 4 of this Equipment Requirements appendix that includes at least— 142.45 Applicability.
(1) One solo cross-country flight of at least 142.47 Training center instructor eligibility 100 nautical miles with landings at a min- requirements.
imum of three points, and one segment of 142.49 Training center instructor and eval- the flight consisting of a straight-line dis- uator privileges and limitations.
tance of at least 50 nautical miles between 142.51 [Reserved] the takeoff and landing locations.
142.53 Training center instructor training (2) Three takeoffs and three landings to a and testing requirements.
full stop (with each landing involving a 142.54 Airline transport pilot certification flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport training program.
with an operating control tower.
142.55 Training center evaluator require- 6. Stage checks and end-of-course tests.
ments.
(a) Each student enrolled in a private pilot 142.57 Aircraft requirements.
course must satisfactorily accomplish the 142.59 Flight simulators and flight training stage checks and end-of-course tests in ac- devices.
cordance with the school’s approved training course that consists of the approved areas of Subpart D—Operating Rules operation listed in paragraph (d) of section 4 of this appendix that are appropriate to the 142.61 Applicability.
aircraft category and class rating for which 142.63 Privileges.
the course applies.
142.65 Limitations.
(b) Each student must demonstrate satis- factory proficiency prior to receiving an en- Subpart E—Recordkeeping dorsement to operate an aircraft in solo flight.
142.71 Applicability.
142.73 Recordkeeping requirements.
[Docket FAA–2008–0938, 76 FR 54108, Aug. 31, 2011, as amended by Docket FAA–2015–1846, Subpart F—Other Approved Courses Amdt. 141–18, 81 FR 21462, Apr. 12, 2016] 142.81 Conduct of other approved courses.
PART 142—TRAINING CENTERS A UTHORITY : 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, 40119, 44101, 44701–44703, 44705, 44707, 44709–44711, Subpart A—General 45102–45103, 45301–45302.
Sec. S OURCE : Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 142.1 Applicability. 1996, unless otherwise noted.
142.3 Definitions.
142.5 Certificate and training specifications Subpart A—General required.
142.7 Duration of a certificate.
§ 142.1 Applicability.
142.9 Deviations or waivers.
(a) This subpart prescribes the re- 142.11 Application for issuance or amend- ment. quirements governing the certification VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00655 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 142.3 and operation of training centers. Ex- Core Curriculum means a set of cept as provided in paragraph (b) of courses approved by the Administrator, this section, this part provides an al- for use by a training center and its sat- ternative means to accomplish train- ellite training centers. The core cur- ing required by parts 61, 63, 65, 91, 121, riculum consists of training which is 125, 135, or 137 of this chapter. required for certification. It does not (b) Certification under this part is include training for tasks and cir- not required for training that is— cumstances unique to a particular (1) Approved under the provisions of user.
parts 63, 91, 121, 127, 135, or 137 of this Course means— chapter; (1) A program of instruction to ob- (2) Approved under subpart Y of part tain pilot certification, qualification, 121 of this chapter, Advanced Qualifica- authorization, or currency; tion Programs, for the authorization (2) A program of instruction to meet holder’s own employees; a specified number of requirements of a (3) Conducted under part 61 unless program for pilot training, certifi- that part requires certification under cation, qualification, authorization, or this part; currency; or (4) Conducted by a part 121 certificate (3) A curriculum, or curriculum seg- holder for another part 121 certificate ment, as defined in subpart Y of part holder; 121 of this chapter.
(5) Conducted by a part 135 certificate Courseware means instructional ma- holder for another part 135 certificate terial developed for each course or cur- holder; or riculum, including lesson plans, flight (6) Conducted by a part 91 fractional event descriptions, computer software ownership program manager for an- programs, audiovisual programs, work- other part 91 fractional ownership pro- books, and handouts.
gram manager. Evaluator means a person employed (c) Except as provided in paragraph by a training center certificate holder (b) of this section, after August 3, 1998, who performs tests for certification, no person may conduct training, test- added ratings, authorizations, and pro- ing, or checking in advanced flight ficiency checks that are authorized by training devices or flight simulators the certificate holder’s training speci- without, or in violation of, the certifi- fication, and who is authorized by the cate and training specifications re- Administrator to administer such quired by this part. checks and tests.
(d) Additional requirements for train- Flight training equipment means full ing centers seeking to provide curricu- flight simulators, as defined in § 1.1 of lums for powered-lift certification and this chapter, flight training devices, as ratings are set forth in part 194 of this defined in § 1.1 of this chapter, and air- chapter. craft.
Instructor means a person employed [Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as by a training center and designated to amended by Amdt. 142–4, 66 FR 21067, Apr. 27, provide instruction in accordance with 2001; Amdt. 142–5, 68 FR 54588, Sept. 17, 2003; subpart C of this part.
Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 2013; Dock- et FAA–2023–1275, Amdt. 142–11, 89 FR 92488, Line-Operational Simulation means Nov. 21, 2024] simulation conducted using oper- ational-oriented flight scenarios that § 142.3 Definitions.
accurately replicate interaction among As used in this part: flightcrew members and between Advanced Flight Training Device as flightcrew members and dispatch fa- used in this part, means a flight train- cilities, other crewmembers, air traffic ing device as defined in part 61 of this control, and ground operations. Line chapter that has a cockpit that accu- operational simulation simulations are rately replicates a specific make, conducted for training and evaluation model, and type aircraft cockpit, and purposes and include random, abnor- handling characteristics that accu- mal, and emergency occurrences. Line rately model the aircraft handling operational simulation specifically in- characteristics. cludes line-oriented flight training, VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00656 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 142.11 special purpose operational training, (b) Unless sooner surrendered, sus- and line operational evaluation. pended, or revoked, a certificate issued Specialty Curriculum means a set of under this part for a training center lo- courses that is designed to satisfy a re- cated outside the United States expires quirement of the Federal Aviation Reg- at the end of the twelfth month after ulations and that is approved by the the month in which it is issued or re- Administrator for use by a particular newed.
training center or satellite training (c) If the Administrator suspends, re- center. The specialty curriculum in- vokes, or terminates a training center cludes training requirements unique to certificate, the holder of that certifi- one or more training center clients.
cate shall return the certificate to the Training center means an organiza- Administrator within 5 working days tion governed by the applicable re- after being notified that the certificate quirements of this part that provides is suspended, revoked, or terminated.
training, testing, and checking under contract or other arrangement to air- § 142.9 Deviations or waivers.
men subject to the requirements of this (a) The Administrator may issue de- chapter.
viations or waivers from any of the re- Training program consists of courses, quirements of this part.
courseware, facilities, flight training (b) A training center applicant re- equipment, and personnel necessary to questing a deviation or waiver under accomplish a specific training objec- this section must provide the Adminis- tive. It may include a core curriculum and a specialty curriculum. trator with information acceptable to Training specifications means a docu- the Administrator that shows— ment issued to a training center cer- (1) Justification for the deviation or tificate holder by the Administrator waiver; and that prescribes that center’s training, (2) That the deviation or waiver will checking, and testing authorizations not adversely affect the quality of in- and limitations, and specifies training struction or evaluation.
program requirements.
§ 142.11 Application for issuance or [Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as amendment.
amended by Amdt. 142–2, 62 FR 68137, Dec. 30, 1997; Amdt. 142–7, 76 FR 54110, Aug. 31, 2011; (a) An application for a training cen- Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 2013] ter certificate and training specifica- tions shall— § 142.5 Certificate and training speci- (1) Be made on a form and in a man- fications required.
ner prescribed by the Administrator; (a) No person may operate a certifi- (2) Be filed with the responsible cated training center without, or in Flight Standards office for the area in violation of, a training center certifi- which the applicant’s principal busi- cate and training specifications issued ness office is located; and under this part.
(3) Be made at least 120 calendar days (b) An applicant will be issued a before the beginning of any proposed training center certificate and training training or 60 calendar days before ef- specifications with appropriate limita- fecting an amendment to any approved tions if the applicant shows that it has training, unless a shorter filing period adequate facilities, equipment, per- is approved by the Administrator.
sonnel, and courseware required by (b) Each application for a training § 142.11 to conduct training approved center certificate and training speci- under § 142.37.
fication shall provide— § 142.7 Duration of a certificate.
(1) A statement showing that the minimum qualification requirements (a) Except as provided in paragraph for each management position are met (b) of this section, a training center or exceeded; certificate issued under this part is ef- fective until the certificate is surren- (2) A statement acknowledging that dered or until the Administrator sus- the applicant shall notify the Adminis- pends, revokes, or terminates it. trator within 10 working days of any VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00657 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 142.11 change made in the assignment of per- (ii) The category, class, and type of sons in the required management posi- aircraft that may be used for training, tions; testing, and checking; (3) The proposed training authoriza- (iii) For each flight simulator or tions and training specifications re- flight training device, the make model, and series of aircraft or the set of air- quested by the applicant; craft being simulated and the quali- (4) The proposed evaluation author- fication level assigned; ization; (iv) For each flight simulator and (5) A description of the flight train- flight training device subject to quali- ing equipment that the applicant pro- fication evaluation by the Adminis- poses to use; trator, the identification number as- (6) A description of the applicant’s signed by the FAA; training facilities, equipment, quali- (v) The name and address of all sat- fications of personnel to be used, and ellite training centers, and the ap- proposed evaluation plans; proved courses offered at each satellite (7) A training program curriculum, training center; including syllabi, outlines, courseware, (vi) Authorized deviations or waivers procedures, and documentation to sup- from this part; and port the items required in subpart B of (vii) Any other items the Adminis- this part, upon request by the Adminis- trator may require or allow.
trator; (e) The Administrator may deny, sus- (8) A description of a recordkeeping pend, revoke, or terminate a certificate system that will identify and document under this part if the Administrator the details of training, qualification, finds that the applicant or the certifi- and certification of students, instruc- cate holder— tors, and evaluators; (1) Held a training center certificate (9) A description of quality control that was revoked, suspended, or termi- measures proposed; and nated within the previous 5 years; or (10) A method of demonstrating the (2) Employs or proposes to employ a applicant’s qualification and ability to person who— provide training for a certificate or (i) Was previously employed in a rating in fewer than the minimum management or supervisory position by hours prescribed in part 61 of this chap- the holder of a training center certifi- ter if the applicant proposes to do so.
cate that was revoked, suspended, or (c) The facilities and equipment de- terminated within the previous 5 years; scribed in paragraph (b)(6) of this sec- (ii) Exercised control over any cer- tion shall— tificate holder whose certificate has (1) Be available for inspection and been revoked, suspended, or terminated evaluation prior to approval; and within the last 5 years; and (2) Be in place and operational at the (iii) Contributed materially to the location of the proposed training cen- revocation, suspension, or termination ter prior to issuance of a certificate of that certificate and who will be em- under this part.
ployed in a management or supervisory (d) An applicant who meets the re- position, or who will be in control of or quirements of this part and is approved have a substantial ownership interest by the Administrator is entitled to— in the training center.
(1) A training center certificate con- (3) [RESERVED]; taining all business names included on (4) Should not be granted a certifi- the application under which the certifi- cate if the grant would not foster avia- cate holder may conduct operations tion safety.
and the address of each business office (f) At any time, the Administrator used by the certificate holder; and may amend a training center certifi- (2) Training specifications, issued by cate— the Administrator to the certificate (1) On the Administrator’s own ini- holder, containing— tiative, under section 609 of the Federal (i) The type of training authorized, Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1429), as including approved courses; amended, and part 13 of this chapter; or VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00658 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 142.15 (2) Upon timely application by the (2) Had direct responsibility to in- certificate holder. spect, or oversee the inspection of, the operations of the certificate holder.
(g) The certificate holder must file (b) For the purpose of this section, an an application to amend a training cen- individual shall be considered to be ter certificate at least 60 calendar days acting as an agent or representative of prior to the applicant’s proposed effec- a certificate holder in a matter before tive amendment date unless a different the agency if the individual makes any filing period is approved by the Admin- written or oral communication on be- istrator.
half of the certificate holder to the [Amendment No. 142–12, 90 FR 59376, Dec. 19, agency (or any of its officers or em- 2025] ployees) in connection with a par- ticular matter, whether or not involv- § 142.13 Management and personnel ing a specific party and without regard requirements.
to whether the individual has partici- An applicant for a training center pated in, or had responsibility for, the certificate must show that— particular matter while serving as a (a) For each proposed curriculum, the Flight Standards Service aviation safe- training center has, and shall main- ty inspector.
tain, a sufficient number of instructors (c) The provisions of this section do who are qualified in accordance with not prohibit a holder of a training cen- subpart C of this part to perform the ter certificate from knowingly employ- duties to which they are assigned; ing or making a contractual arrange- (b) The training center has des- ment which permits an individual to ignated, and shall maintain, a suffi- act as an agent or representative of the cient number of approved evaluators to certificate holder in any matter before provide required checks and tests to the Federal Aviation Administration if graduation candidates within 7 cal- the individual was employed by the endar days of training completion for certificate holder before October 21, any curriculum leading to airman cer- 2011.
tificates or ratings, or both; [Docket FAA–2008–1154, 76 FR 52237, Aug. 22, (c) The training center has, and shall 2011] maintain, a sufficient number of man- agement personnel who are qualified § 142.15 Facilities.
and competent to perform required du- (a) An applicant for, or holder of, a ties; and training center certificate shall ensure (d) A management representative, that— and all personnel who are designated (1) Each room, training booth, or by the training center to conduct di- other space used for instructional pur- rect student training, are able to un- poses is heated, lighted, and ventilated derstand, read, write, and fluently to conform to local building, sanita- speak the English language.
tion, and health codes; and § 142.14 Employment of former FAA (2) The facilities used for instruction employees.
are not routinely subject to significant distractions caused by flight oper- (a) Except as specified in paragraph ations and maintenance operations at (c) of this section, no holder of a train- the airport.
ing center certificate may knowingly (b) An applicant for, or holder of, a employ or make a contractual arrange- training center certificate shall estab- ment which permits an individual to lish and maintain a principal business act as an agent or representative of the office that is physically located at the certificate holder in any matter before address shown on its training center the Federal Aviation Administration if certificate.
the individual, in the preceding 2 (c) The records required to be main- years— tained by this part must be located in (1) Served as, or was directly respon- facilities adequate for that purpose.
sible for the oversight of, a Flight Standards Service aviation safety in- (d) An applicant for, or holder of, a spector; and training center certificate must have VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00659 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 142.17 available exclusively, for adequate pe- (2) An authorized representative of riods of time and at a location ap- the National Transportation Safety proved by the Administrator, adequate Board; or flight training equipment and (3) Any Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency.
courseware, including at least one flight simulator or advanced flight § 142.29 Inspections.
training device.
Each certificate holder must allow [Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as the Administrator to inspect training amended by Amdt. 142–3, 63 FR 53537, Oct. 5, center facilities, equipment, and 1998] records at any reasonable time and in any reasonable place in order to deter- § 142.17 Satellite training centers.
mine compliance with or to determine (a) The holder of a training center initial or continuing eligibility under certificate may conduct training in ac- 49 U.S.C. 44701, 44707, formerly the Fed- cordance with an approved training eral Aviation Act of 1958, as amended, program at a satellite training center and the training center’s certificate if— and training specifications.
(1) The facilities, equipment, per- sonnel, and course content of the sat- § 142.31 Advertising limitations.
ellite training center meet the applica- (a) A certificate holder may not con- ble requirements of this part; duct, and may not advertise to con- (2) The instructors and evaluators at duct, any training, testing, and check- the satellite training center are under ing that is not approved by the Admin- the direct supervision of management istrator if that training is designed to personnel of the principal training cen- satisfy any requirement of this chap- ter; ter.
(3) The Administrator is notified in (b) A certificate holder whose certifi- writing that a particular satellite is to cate has been surrendered, suspended, begin operations at least 60 days prior revoked, or terminated must— to proposed commencement of oper- (1) Promptly remove all indications, ations at the satellite training center; including signs, wherever located, that and the training center was certificated by (4) The certificate holder’s training the Administrator; and specifications reflect the name and ad- (2) Promptly notify all advertising dress of the satellite training center agents, or advertising media, or both, and the approved courses offered at the employed by the certificate holder to satellite training center.
cease all advertising indicating that (b) The certificate holder’s training the training center is certificated by specifications shall prescribe the oper- the Administrator.
ations required and authorized at each satellite training center.
§ 142.33 Training agreements.
[Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as A pilot school certificated under part amended by Amdt. 142–3, 63 FR 53537, Oct. 5, 141 of this chapter may provide train- 1998] ing, testing, and checking for a train- ing center certificated under this part §§ 142.21–142.25 [Reserved] if— (a) There is a training, testing, and § 142.27 Display of certificate.
checking agreement between the cer- (a) Each holder of a training center tificated training center and the pilot certificate must prominently display school; that certificate in a place accessible to (b) The training, testing, and check- the public in the principal business of- ing provided by the certificated pilot fice of the training center.
school is approved and conducted in ac- (b) A training center certificate and cordance with this part; training specifications must be made (c) The pilot school certificated available for inspection upon request under part 141 obtains the Administra- by— tor’s approval for a training course (1) The Administrator; outline that includes the portion of the VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00660 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 142.47 training, testing, and checking to be required revisions, within 30 calendar conducted under part 141; and days, the Administrator may suspend, (d) Upon completion of training, test- revoke, or terminate the training cen- ing, and checking conducted under part ter certificate under the provisions of 141, a copy of each student’s training § 142.11(e).
record is forwarded to the part 142 § 142.39 Training program curriculum training center and becomes part of the requirements.
student’s permanent training record.
Each training program curriculum submitted to the Administrator for ap- Subpart B—Aircrew Curriculum proval must meet the applicable re- and Syllabus Requirements quirements of this part and must con- tain— § 142.35 Applicability.
(a) A syllabus for each proposed cur- This subpart prescribes the cur- riculum; riculum and syllabus requirements for (b) Minimum aircraft and flight the issuance of a training center cer- training equipment requirements for tificate and training specifications for each proposed curriculum; training, testing, and checking con- (c) Minimum instructor and eval- ducted to meet the requirements of uator qualifications for each proposed part 61 of this chapter.
curriculum; (d) A curriculum for initial training § 142.37 Approval of flight aircrew and continuing training of each in- training program.
structor or evaluator employed to in- (a) Except as provided in paragraph struct in a proposed curriculum; and (b) of this section, each applicant for, (e) For each curriculum that provides or holder of, a training center certifi- for the issuance of a certificate or rat- cate must apply to the Administrator ing in fewer than the minimum hours for training program approval.
prescribed by part 61 of this chapter— (b) A curriculum approved under (1) A means of demonstrating the SFAR 58 of part 121 of this chapter is ability to accomplish such training in approved under this part without modi- the reduced number of hours; and fications.
(2) A means of tracking student per- (c) Application for training program formance.
approval shall be made in a form and in a manner acceptable to the Adminis- Subpart C—Personnel and Flight trator.
Training Equipment Requirements (d) Each application for training pro- gram approval must indicate— § 142.45 Applicability.
(1) Which courses are part of the core curriculum and which courses are part This subpart prescribes the personnel of the specialty curriculum; and flight training equipment require- (2) Which requirements of part 61 of ments for a certificate holder that is this chapter would be satisfied by the training to meet the requirements of curriculum or curriculums; and part 61 of this chapter.
(3) Which requirements of part 61 of § 142.47 Training center instructor eli- this chapter would not be satisfied by gibility requirements.
the curriculum or curriculums.
(e) If, after a certificate holder begins (a) A certificate holder may not em- operations under an approved training ploy a person as an instructor in a program, the Administrator finds that flight training course that is subject to the certificate holder is not meeting approval by the Administrator unless the provisions of its approved training that person— program, the Administrator may re- (1) Is at least 18 years of age; quire the certificate holder to make re- (2) Is able to read, write, and speak visions to that training program. and understand in the English lan- (f) If the Administrator requires a guage; certificate holder to make revisions to (3) If instructing in an aircraft in an approved training program and the flight, is qualified in accordance with certificate holder does not make those subpart H of part 61 of this chapter; VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00661 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 142.49 (4) Satisfies the requirements of in each approved course, prior to that paragraph (c) of this section; and person functioning as an instructor in (5) Meets at least one of the require- that course.
ments in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (c) Prior to initial designation, each instructor shall: (iv) of this section: (1) Complete at least 8 hours of (i) Except as allowed by paragraph ground training on the following sub- (a)(5)(ii) of this section, meets the ject matter: aeronautical experience requirements (i) Instruction methods and tech- of § 61.129(a), (b), (c), or (e) of this chap- niques.
ter, as applicable, excluding the re- (ii) Training policies and procedures.
quired hours of instruction in prepara- (iii) The fundamental principles of tion for the commercial pilot practical the learning process.
test, or holds a commercial pilot cer- (iv) Instructor duties, privileges, re- tificate with the appropriate ratings; sponsibilities, and limitations.
(ii) Meets the aeronautical experi- (v) Proper operation of simulation ence requirements of § 61.159, § 61.161, or controls and systems.
§ 61.163 of this chapter, as applicable, or (vi) Proper operation of environ- holds an unrestricted airline transport mental control and warning or caution pilot certificate with the appropriate panels.
ratings, if instructing: (vii) Limitations of simulation.
(A) In a flight simulation training de- (viii) Minimum equipment require- vice that represents an airplane or ments for each curriculum.
rotorcraft requiring a type rating, a (ix) Revisions to the training courses.
powered-lift over 12,500 pounds, or a (x) Cockpit resource management turbojet powered powered-lift, except and crew coordination.
as provided in paragraph (a)(5)(iv) of (2) Satisfactorily complete a written this section, or test— (B) In a curriculum leading to the (i) On the subjects specified in para- issuance of an airline transport pilot graph (c)(1) of this section; and certificate or an added rating to an air- (ii) That is accepted by the Adminis- line transport pilot certificate.
trator as being of equivalent difficulty, (iii) Is employed as a flight simulator complexity, and scope as the tests pro- instructor or a flight training device vided by the Administrator for the ap- instructor for a training center pro- plicable flight instructor and instru- viding instruction and testing to meet ment flight instructor knowledge tests the requirements of part 61 of this to the aircraft category in which they chapter on August 1, 1996.
are instructing.
(iv) A person employed as an instruc- [Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as tor and providing training in an FSTD amended by Amdt. 142–2, 62 FR 68137, Dec. 30, that represents a rotorcraft requiring a 1997; Docket FAA–2023–1275, Amdt. 142–11, 89 type rating is not required to meet the FR 92488, Nov. 21, 2024; Amdt. 142–11A, 90 FR aeronautical experience requirements 216, Jan. 3, 2025] of paragraph (a)(5)(ii) of this section and may instead meet the experience § 142.49 Training center instructor and requirements of paragraph (a)(5)(i) of evaluator privileges and limita- tions.
this section if: (A) The person meets the experience (a) A certificate holder may allow an requirements of paragraph (a)(5)(i) of instructor to provide: this section; (1) Instruction for each curriculum (B) The person is not providing train- for which that instructor is qualified.
ing in a curriculum leading to the (2) Testing and checking for which issuance of an airline transport pilot that instructor is qualified.
certificate or an added rating to an air- (3) Instruction, testing, and checking line transport pilot certificate, and intended to satisfy the requirements of (C) The person was employed and met any part of this chapter.
the remaining requirements of this sec- (b) A training center whose instruc- tion on March 21, 2025. tor or evaluator is designated in ac- (b) A training center must designate cordance with the requirements of this each instructor in writing to instruct subpart to conduct training, testing, or VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00662 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 142.53 checking in qualified and approved which that instructor is designated to flight training equipment, may allow instruct under this part.
its instructor or evaluator to give en- (2) Each instructor must satisfac- dorsements required by part 61 of this torily complete an approved course of chapter if that instructor or evaluator ground instruction in at least— is authorized by the Administrator to (i) The fundamental principles of the instruct or evaluate in a part 142 cur- learning process; riculum that requires such endorse- (ii) Elements of effective teaching, ments. instruction methods, and techniques; (c) A training center may not allow (iii) Instructor duties, privileges, re- an instructor to— sponsibilities, and limitations; (1) Excluding briefings and (iv) Training policies and procedures; debriefings, conduct more than 8 hours (v) Cockpit resource management of instruction in any 24-consecutive- and crew coordination; and hour period; (vi) Evaluation.
(2) Provide flight training equipment (3) Each instructor who instructs in a instruction unless that instructor qualified and approved flight simulator meets the requirements of § 142.53 (a)(1) or flight training device must satisfac- through (a)(4), and § 142.53(b), as appli- torily complete an approved course of cable; or training in the operation of the flight (3) Provide flight instruction in an simulator, and an approved course of aircraft unless that instructor— ground instruction, applicable to the (i) Meets the requirements of training courses the instructor is des- § 142.53(a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(5); ignated to instruct.
(ii) Is qualified and authorized in ac- (4) The flight simulator training cordance with subpart H of part 61 of course required by paragraph (a)(3) of this chapter; this section which must include— (iii) Holds certificates and ratings (i) Proper operation of flight simu- specified by part 61 of this chapter ap- lator and flight training device con- propriate to the category, class, and trols and systems; type aircraft in which instructing; (ii) Proper operation of environ- (iv) If instructing or evaluating in an mental and fault panels; aircraft in flight while serving as a re- (iii) Limitations of simulation; and quired crewmember, holds at least a (iv) Minimum equipment require- valid second class medical certificate; ments for each curriculum.
and (5) Each flight instructor who pro- (v) Meets the recency of experience vides training in an aircraft must sat- requirements of part 61 of this chapter. isfactorily complete an approved course of ground instruction and flight [Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as training in an aircraft, flight simu- amended by Amdt. 142–2, 62 FR 68137, Dec. 30, lator, or flight training device.
1997; Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, 2013] (6) The approved course of ground in- § 142.51 [Reserved] struction and flight training required by paragraph (a)(5) of this section § 142.53 Training center instructor which must include instruction in— training and testing requirements.
(i) Performance and analysis of flight (a) Except as provided in paragraph training procedures and maneuvers ap- (c) of this section, prior to designation plicable to the training courses that and every 12 calendar months begin- the instructor is designated to in- ning the first day of the month fol- struct; lowing an instructor’s initial designa- (ii) Technical subjects covering air- tion, a certificate holder must ensure craft subsystems and operating rules that each of its instructors meets the applicable to the training courses that following requirements: the instructor is designated to in- (1) Each instructor must satisfac- struct; torily demonstrate to an authorized (iii) Emergency operations; evaluator knowledge of, and pro- (iv) Emergency situations likely to ficiency in, instructing in a representa- develop during training; and tive segment of each curriculum for (v) Appropriate safety measures.
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and annual proficiency check— (c) An instructor who satisfactorily (i) In the flight training equipment in completes a curriculum required by which the instructor will be instruct- paragraph (a) or (b) of this section in ing; and the calendar month before or after the (ii) On the subject matter and ma- month in which it is due is considered neuvers of a representative segment of to have taken it in the month in which each curriculum for which the instruc- it was due for the purpose of computing tor will be instructing. when the next training is due.
(b) In addition to the requirements of (d) The Administrator may give cred- paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(7) of this it for the requirements of paragraph (a) section, each certificate holder must or (b) of this section to an instructor ensure that each instructor who in- who has satisfactorily completed an in- structs in a flight simulator that the structor training course for a part 121 Administrator has approved for all or part 135 certificate holder if the Ad- training and all testing for the airline ministrator finds such a course equiva- transport pilot certification test, air- lent to the requirements of paragraph craft type rating test, or both, has met (a) or (b) of this section.
at least one of the following three re- [Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as quirements: amended by Amdt. 142–1, 62 FR 13791, Mar. 21, (1) Each instructor must have per- 1997; Docket FAA–2023–1275, Amdt. 142–11, 89 formed 2 hours in flight, including FR 92489, Nov. 21, 2024] three takeoffs and three landings as § 142.54 Airline transport pilot certifi- the sole manipulator of the controls of cation training program.
an aircraft of the same category and class, and, if a type rating is required, No certificate holder may use a per- of the same type replicated by the ap- son nor may any person serve as an in- proved flight simulator in which that structor in a training program ap- instructor is designated to instruct; proved to meet the requirements of (2) Each instructor must have par- § 61.156 of this chapter unless the in- ticipated in an approved line-observa- structor: tion program under part 121 or part 135 (a) Holds an airline transport pilot of this chapter, and that— certificate with an airplane category (i) Was accomplished in the same air- multiengine class rating; craft type as the airplane represented (b) Has at least 2 years of experience by the flight simulator in which that as a pilot in command in operations instructor is designated to instruct; conducted under § 91.1053(a)(2)(i) or and § 135.243(a)(1) of this chapter, or as a (ii) Included line-oriented flight pilot in command or second in com- training of at least 1 hour of flight dur- mand in any operation conducted ing which the instructor was the sole under part 121 of this chapter; manipulator of the controls in a flight (c) Except for the holder of a flight simulator that replicated the same instructor certificate, receives initial type aircraft for which that instructor training on the following topics: is designated to instruct; or (1) The fundamental principles of the (3) Each instructor must have par- learning process; ticipated in an approved in-flight ob- (2) Elements of effective teaching, in- servation training course that— struction methods, and techniques; (i) Consisted of at least 2 hours of (3) Instructor duties, privileges, re- flight time in an airplane of the same sponsibilities, and limitations; type as the aircraft replicated by the (4) Training policies and procedures; flight simulator in which the instruc- and tor is designated to instruct; and (5) Evaluation.
(ii) Included line-oriented flight (d) If providing training in a flight training of at least 1 hour of flight dur- simulation training device— ing which the instructor was the sole (1) Holds an aircraft type rating for manipulator of the controls in a flight the aircraft represented by the flight VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00664 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 142.57 simulation training device utilized in due is considered to have taken it in the training program and have received the month is which it was due for the training and evaluation within the pre- purpose of computing when the next ceding 12 months from the certificate training is due.
holder on the maneuvers that will be (c) The Administrator may give cred- demonstrated in the flight simulation it for the requirements of paragraph training device; and (a)(3) of this section to an evaluator (2) Satisfies the requirements of who has satisfactorily completed an § 142.53(a)(4).
evaluator training course for a part 121 (e) A certificate holder may not issue or part 135 certificate holder if the Ad- a graduation certificate to a student ministrator finds such a course equiva- unless that student has completed all lent to the requirements of paragraph the curriculum requirements of the (a)(3) of this section.
course.
(d) An evaluator who is qualified (f) A certificate holder must conduct under subpart Y of part 121 of this evaluations to ensure that training chapter shall be authorized to conduct techniques, procedures, and standards evaluations under the Advanced Quali- are acceptable to the Administrator.
fication Program without complying [Docket FAA–2010–0100, 78 FR 42380, July 15, with the requirements of this section.
2013] [Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as § 142.55 Training center evaluator re- amended by Amdt. 142–9, 78 FR 42380, July 15, quirements. 2013] (a) Except as provided by paragraph § 142.57 Aircraft requirements.
(d) of this section, a training center must ensure that each person author- (a) An applicant for, or holder of, a ized as an evaluator— training center certificate must ensure (1) Is approved by the Administrator; that each aircraft used for flight in- (2) Is in compliance with §§ 142.47, struction and solo flights meets the 142.49, and 142.53 and applicable sec- following requirements: tions of part 183 of this chapter; and (1) Except for flight instruction and (3) Prior to designation, and except solo flights in a curriculum for agricul- as provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- tural aircraft operations, external load tion, every 12-calendar-month period operations, and similar aerial work op- following initial designation, the cer- erations, the aircraft must have an tificate holder must ensure that the FAA standard airworthiness certificate evaluator satisfactorily completes a or a foreign equivalent of an FAA curriculum that includes the following: standard airworthiness certificate, ac- (i) Evaluator duties, functions, and ceptable to the Administrator.
responsibilities; (2) The aircraft must be maintained (ii) Methods, procedures, and tech- and inspected in accordance with— niques for conducting required tests (i) The requirements of part 91, sub- and checks; part E, of this chapter; and (iii) Evaluation of pilot performance; (ii) An approved program for mainte- and nance and inspection.
(iv) Management of unsatisfactory (3) The aircraft must be equipped as tests and subsequent corrective action; provided in the training specifications and for the approved course for which it is (4) If evaluating in qualified and ap- used.
proved flight training equipment must (b) Except as provided in paragraph satisfactorily pass a written test and (c) of this section, an applicant for, or annual proficiency check in a flight holder of, a training center certificate simulator or aircraft in which the eval- must ensure that each aircraft used for uator will be evaluating.
(b) An evaluator who satisfactorily flight instruction is at least a two- completes a curriculum required by place aircraft with engine power con- paragraph (a) of this section in the cal- trols and flight controls that are easily endar month before or the calendar reached and that operate in a conven- month after the month in which it is tional manner from both pilot stations.
VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00665 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 142.59 (c) Aircraft with controls such as (3) Be given a functional preflight nose-wheel steering, switches, fuel se- check each day before being used; and lectors, and engine air flow controls (4) Have a discrepancy log in which that are not easily reached and oper- the instructor or evaluator, at the end ated in a conventional manner by both of each training session, enters each pilots may be used for flight instruc- discrepancy.
tion if the certificate holder deter- (d) Unless otherwise authorized by mines that the flight instruction can the Administrator, each component on be conducted in a safe manner consid- a qualified and approved flight simu- ering the location of controls and their lator or flight training device used by a nonconventional operation, or both.
training center must be operative if the component is essential to, or in- [Docket 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, as volved in, the training, testing, or amended by Docket FAA–2023–1275, Amdt.
checking of airmen.
142–11, 89 FR 92489, Nov. 21, 2024] (e) Training centers shall not be re- § 142.59 Flight simulators and flight stricted to specific— training devices.
(1) Route segments during line-ori- ented flight training scenarios; and (a) An applicant for, or holder of, a training center certificate must show (2) Visual data bases replicating a that each flight simulator and flight specific customer’s bases of operation.
training device used for training, test- (f) Training centers may request ing, and checking (except AQP) will be evaluation, qualification, and con- or is specifically qualified and ap- tinuing evaluation for qualification of proved by the Administrator for— flight simulators and flight training (1) Each maneuver and procedure for devices without— the make, model, and series of aircraft, (1) Holding an air carrier certificate; set of aircraft, or aircraft type simu- or lated, as applicable; and (2) Having a specific relationship to (2) Each curriculum or training an air carrier certificate holder.
course in which the flight simulator or flight training device is used, if that Subpart D—Operating Rules curriculum or course is used to satisfy any requirement of 14 CFR chapter I.
§ 142.61 Applicability.
(b) The approval required by para- This subpart prescribes the operating graph (a)(2) of this section must in- rules applicable to a training center clude— certificated under this part and oper- (1) The set of aircraft, or type air- ating a course or training program cur- craft; riculum approved in accordance with (2) If applicable, the particular vari- subpart B of this part.
ation within type, for which the train- ing, testing, or checking is being con- § 142.63 Privileges.
ducted; and A certificate holder may allow flight (3) The particular maneuver, proce- simulator instructors and evaluators dure, or crewmember function to be to meet recency of experience require- performed.
ments through the use of a qualified (c) Each qualified and approved flight and approved flight simulator or quali- simulator or flight training device used fied and approved flight training device by a training center must— if that flight simulator or flight train- (1) Be maintained to ensure the reli- ing device is— ability of the performances, functions, (a) Used in a course approved in ac- and all other characteristics that were cordance with subpart B of this part; or required for qualification; (b) Approved under the Advanced (2) Be modified to conform with any Qualification Program for meeting modification to the aircraft being sim- recency of experience requirements.
ulated if the modification results in changes to performance, function, or § 142.65 Limitations.
other characteristics required for qual- ification; (a) A certificate holder shall— VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00666 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 142.73 (1) Ensure that a flight simulator or (3) The name of the course and the flight training device freeze, slow mo- make and model of flight training tion, or repositioning feature is not equipment used; used during testing or checking; and (4) The trainee’s prerequisite experi- (2) Ensure that a repositioning fea- ence and course time completed; ture is used during line operational (5) The trainee’s performance on each simulation for evaluation and line-ori- lesson and the name of the instructor ented flight training only to advance providing instruction; along a flight route to the point where (6) The date and result of each end-of- the descent and approach phase of the course practical test and the name of flight begins.
the evaluator conducting the test; and (b) When flight testing, flight check- (7) The number of hours of additional ing, or line operational simulation is training that was accomplished after being conducted, the certificate holder any unsatisfactory practical test.
must ensure that one of the following (b) A certificate holder shall main- occupies each crewmember position: tain a record for each instructor or (1) A crewmember qualified in the evaluator designated to instruct a aircraft category, class, and type, if a course approved in accordance with type rating is required, provided that subpart B of this part that indicates no flight instructor who is giving in- struction may occupy a crewmember that the instructor or evaluator has position. complied with the requirements of §§ 142.13, 142.45, 142.47, 142.49, and 142.53, (2) A student, provided that no stu- dent may be used in a crewmember po- as applicable.
sition with any other student not in (c) The certificate holder shall— the same specific course.
(1) Maintain the records required by (c) The holder of a training center paragraphs (a) of this section for at certificate may not recommend a least 1 year following the completion trainee for a certificate or rating, un- of training, testing or checking; less the trainee— (2) Maintain the qualification records (1) Has satisfactorily completed the required by paragraph (b) of this sec- training specified in the course ap- tion while the instructor or evaluator proved under § 142.37; and is in the employ of the certificate hold- (2) Has passed the final tests required er and for 1 year thereafter; and by § 142.37.
(3) Maintain the recurrent dem- (d) The holder of a training center onstration of proficiency records re- certificate may not graduate a student quired by paragraph (b) of this section from a course unless the student has for at least 1 year.
satisfactorily completed the cur- (d) The certificate holder must pro- riculum requirements of that course.
vide the records required by this sec- tion to the Administrator, upon re- Subpart E—Recordkeeping quest and at a reasonable time, and shall keep the records required by— § 142.71 Applicability.
(1) Paragraph (a) of this section at This subpart prescribes the training the training center, or satellite train- center recordkeeping requirements for ing center where the training, testing, trainees enrolled in a course, and in- or checking, if appropriate, occurred; structors and evaluators designated to and instruct a course, approved in accord- (2) Paragraph (b) of this section at ance with subpart B of this part.
the training center or satellite training § 142.73 Recordkeeping requirements.
center where the instructor or eval- uator is primarily employed.
(a) A certificate holder must main- tain a record for each trainee that con- (e) The certificate holder shall pro- tains— vide to a trainee, upon request and at a reasonable time, a copy of his or her (1) The name of the trainee; (2) A copy of the trainee’s pilot cer- training records.
tificate, if any, and medical certificate; VerDate Sep<11>2014 10:01 Aug 27, 2026 Jkt 268049 PO 00000 Frm 00667 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\268049.XXX 268049 jgilmore on DSK4WB1RN3PROD with CFR 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–26 Edition) § 142.81 145.109 Equipment, materials, and data re- Subpart F—Other Approved quirements.
Courses Subpart D—Personnel § 142.81 Conduct of other approved courses.
145.151 Personnel requirements.
145.153 Supervisory personnel requirements.
(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a 145.155 Inspection personnel requirements.
training center certificate may apply 145.157 Personnel authorized to approve an for approval to conduct a course for article for return to service.
which a curriculum is not prescribed 145.159 Recommendation of a person for cer- by this part.
tification as a repairman.
(b) The course for which application 145.160 Employment of former FAA employ- is made under paragraph (a) of this sec- ees.
tion may be for flight crewmembers 145.161 Records of management, super- other than pilots, airmen other than visory, and inspection personnel.
145.163 Training requirements.
flight crewmembers, material handlers, 145.165 Hazardous materials training.
ground servicing personnel, and secu- rity personnel, and others approved by Subpart E—Operating Rules the Administrator.
(c) An applicant for course approval 145.201 Privileges and limitations of certifi- under this subpart must comply with cate.
145.203 Work performed at another location.
the applicable requirements of subpart 145.205 Maintenance, preventive mainte- A through subpart F of this part.
nance, and alterations performed for cer- (d) The Administrator approves the tificate holders under parts 121, 125, and course for which the application is 135, and for foreign air carriers or foreign made if the training center or training persons operating a U.S.-registered air- center applicant shows that the course craft in common carriage under part 129.
contains a curriculum that will achieve 145.206 Notification of hazardous materials a level of competency equal to, or authorizations.
greater than, that required by the ap- 145.207 Repair station manual.
145.209 Repair station manual contents.
propriate part of this chapter.
145.211 Quality control system.
145.213 Inspection of maintenance, preven- PART 143 [ RESERVED ] tive maintenance, or alterations.
145.215 Capability list.
145.217 Contract maintenance.
PART 145—REPAIR STATIONS 145.219 Recordkeeping.
145.221 Service difficulty reports.
Subpart A—General 145.223 FAA inspections.
Sec.
A UTHORITY : 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, 44701– 145.1 Applicability.
44702, 44707, 44709, 44717.
145.3 Definition of terms.
145.5 Certificate and operations specifica- tions requirements.
Subpart A—General 145.12 [Reserved] S OURCE : Docket FAA–1999–5836, 66 FR 41117, Subpart B—Certification Aug. 6, 2001, unless otherwise noted.
145.51 Application for certificate.
§ 145.1 Applicability.
145.53 Issue of certificate.
145.55 Duration and renewal of certificate.
This part describes how to obtain a 145.57 Amendment to or transfer of certifi- repair station certificate. This part cate.
also contains the rules a certificated 145.59 Ratings.
repair station must follow related to 145.61 Limited ratings.
its performance of maintenance, pre- Subpart C—Housing, Facilities, Equipment, ventive maintenance, or alterations of Materials, and Data an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component part 145.101 General.
to which part 43 applies. It also applies 145.103 Housing and facilities requirements.
to any person who holds, or is required 145.105 Change of location, housing, or fa- to hold, a repair station certificate cilities.
145.107 Satellite repair stations. issued under this part.
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